Eptfe Innovations Paper
Eptfe Innovations Paper
Eptfe Innovations Paper
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its customers, Gore is expanding existing applications and developing new functionality for these unique GORE ePTFE fibers. This paper summarizes the latest innovations, new applications and future development paths for ePTFE fiber technology, in an attempt to share our excitement about a new family of GORE ePTFE fibers that transform products from the ordinary to the extraordinary. At W. L. Gore & Associates, we are very excited about our new family of fibers they were 70 years in the making!
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So whats really NEW in ePTFE Fiber Technology? For the first time :
NEW 100% ePTFE Fabrics with AMAZING Dimensional Stability.
Due to the inherent low coefficient of friction of ePTFE fibers, fabrics containing these fibers have suffered from significant instability. This results in fabrics which have inconsistent spacings/pore sizes, poor fray resistance and severe handling issues. To partly address these issues, solutions typically include incorporating additional fibers to increase weave density, resulting in significant fabric weight increases and reduced open area/spacing. These properties are not desirable in many application areas where ePTFE fabrics would otherwise be highly desirable for their thermal and chemical properties e.g. precision filtration meshes and membrane reinforcement or support fabrics. Using a patent-pending technology developed by W.L. Gore & Associates, highly stable 100% ePTFE fabrics are now being developed for the first time, in a wide range of weave designs from open support meshes to filtration fabrics, without the need for additional fiber incorporation. Key property benefits from this new ePTFE fabric technology include more consistent spacing control, excellent fray resistance and minimal shrinkage. Figure 1 shows a scanning electron micrograph of 100% ePTFE stabilized fabric. Using new stabilization technology, ePTFE fibers are now effectively locked into place at all fabric intersections in a 100% ePTFE weave network. Figure 2 highlights the greater thermal stability (reduced shrinkage) of GORE ePTFE fabrics when compared with competitive high-performance fiber meshes.
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70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
As-made
Stabilized
New ePTFE
PEEK
PFA
Figure 2 : Thermal stability Improvements of GORE ePTFE fabrics vs. competitor fabrics
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consistency between standard 1200d round ePTFE fibers and that of GORE 1200d ePTFE True Monofilament fibers.
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using GORE ePTFE fibers because they are more confident that their products meet the increasing tensile demands of applications at higher temperatures and are better fit for use.
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ePTFE fiber technology provides improved performance while lowering material costs. Due to ongoing fiber developments in high-temperature tensile properties, Gore also produces a 200-denier ePTFE fiber that achieves tensile strengths at 200C comparable to those of a traditional 400-denier PTFE fiber a 50% savings in material weight.
1.98
1.26
Figure 6 : Comparison of 345d GORE ePTFE fiber and competitors 400d PTFE Fibers
The performance of GORE ePTFE fiber is due to the ability to control and maximize the thermal stability within these fibers so that tensile properties previously unattainable are now available. Gore is continuing to develop GORE ePTFE fibers with higher tensile properties at elevated temperatures to meet its customers current and future needs.
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ophthalmic sutures. In contrast, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers are chosen in part because of their very high modulus and low elongation characteristics (2 3%) a strong rather than tough fiber, which is suitable for high-strength applications such as sails, ropes, kite lines, orthopedic sutures, and fishing lines. Polymeric fibers are typically classified as either high-modulus, strong materials or low-modulus, tough materials. To date, it has been difficult for a single fiber to bridge these classifications, which is why a highmodulus nylon is not commercially available today. To enhance the utility of ePTFE fibers, Gore has developed a series of ePTFE fibers with a broad range of tensile modulus values that cover both classifications (see Figure 7). This capability allows Gore to tailor the modulus of the ePTFE fibers to the specific needs of the application.
7
Log [Tensile Modulus] psi
UHMWPE
PE Nylon
PVDF PP
4 0 20 40 % Strain 60 80
UHMWPE: Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, PE: Polyester, PVDF: Polyvinylidene difluoride, PP: Polypropylene
Figure 7 also highlights an additional modulus feature for different GORE ePTFE fiber families the ability to maintain a constant modulus with different strain/elongation features, which produces fibers with different toughness features. In addition, these modulus
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property changes are achieved with no plasticizers/additives and the fiber remains 100% ePTFE. Current applications for this technology include sewing thread, where lowmodulus/high-elongation characteristics provide improved shock resilience during highspeed sewing processes, thereby minimizing breaks and increasing manufacturing throughput. In contrast, where high modulus/low elongation fiber is required as a structural support in tensioned architectural fabric structures, a strong rather than tough ePTFE fiber has been developed to meet this need. Figure 8 highlights some of the dramatic changes in stress-strain characteristics within this family of GORE ePTFE fibers.
7 6
Tenacity (g/d)
5 4 3 2 1 0
(VERY FLEXIBLE)
20
40
60
80
% Strain
Figure 8 : Stress-strain changes in GORE ePTFE fibers
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volume, which at 0.2g/cc can be as great as 90%. In addition to offering GORE ePTFE fibers in a wide variety of colors, Gore has developed a range of these fibers containing various fillers for additional functionality, e.g., electrical and thermal conductivity, catalytic activity, and active agents (see Figure 9). Gore has successfully utilized our unique capability to incorporate a wide range of organic and inorganic fillers into ePTFE structures in commercial products where fillers provide specific functions. Examples include the REMEDIA Catalytic Filter System, where a catalytically active ePTFE-based felt has been developed to catalytically destroy harmful dioxins/furans and convert them into environmentally acceptable substances.
High Density
Low Density
Filled
Figure 9 : Morphology changes in high density, low density, and filled GORE ePTFE fibers
Recently, Gore has also developed the unique capability to texturize the surface of fibers while maintaining a 100% ePTFE structure no additives are required that would diminish the resistance to chemical or thermal attack of the fiber (see Figure 10). Gore can tailor these products to maximize abrasion resistance, improve handling characteristics, and alter wettability and luster appearance. For the first time, GORE ePTFE fibers are available in a matte (flat) finish for a more textile-like appearance.
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Looking toward the future and potential new applications, Gore researchers are developing new low denier / small diameter ePTFE fibers, including flat fibers and round monofilament fibers with diameters less than 50 microns, which is less than half of the diameter of a human hair (see Figure 11). New applications being considered for these fibers include technical fabrics, precision woven filters, reinforcement and membrane supports.
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40 microns
Figure 11 : New developments in low denier / small diameter GORE ePTFE fibers
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160
P-aramid E-Glass
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Summary
This paper has described some of the exciting new developments with GORE ePTFE fibers from W. L. Gore & Associates; higher tensile performance at high temperatures, improved abrasion resistance, precise diameter control, density tailored for specific applications, textured surfaces where required, controlled modulus, all in an extensive range of sizes, plus capabilities to incorporate a wide variety of fillers. In addition, new stabilized, low-shrink 100% PTFE fabrics are available for the first time using a recently developed, patent pending technology. When we discuss this broad array of GORE ePTFE fiber and fabric capabilities, it should also be noted that these technologies are interchangeable. For example, Gore can deliver a low-density fiber with good high-temperature performance and a surface texture. This capability to tailor properties specifically to a customers needs ensures that new applications for GORE ePTFE fiber will be identified and developed. With such a strong technology offering, Gore is now looking for motivated joint development partners to ensure rapid technology and product commercialization in a variety of market segments.
PTFE is an Amazing Polymer. GORE ePTFE Fibers make it even more amazing!
For additional information about GORE ePTFE fibers or to discuss a potential development partnership / specific application, please call :
Technical Enquiries
Norman Clough ([email protected]) Tel : 410-506-8580
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With over $2 billion in sales and more than 8,000 associates worldwide, W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., has applied its world-renowned expertise as the inventor of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) to deliver innovative, technology-driven solutions in the textile industry for over 30 years. Gore is particularly well-known for its GORE-TEX brand the first waterproof, breathable fabric. And behind every product and every application is a dedicated commitment to performance and reliability. For more information about any Gore product, access the website at www.gore.com.
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