Department of Political Science

University of the Philippines, Diliman

International Studies 290

Theories of International Relations

Assistant Professor Jean Encinas-Franco, Ph.D. Office: FC 3141 (3rd Floor, Faculty Center) e-mail: [email protected]

Class Hours: Tuesdays, (5:30 pm to 8:30 pm) Room: Faculty Center 3141

Introduction The course introduces the graduate student to the core theories of international relations (IR), the historical context in which they emerged, their key assumptions and critiques. It is divided into three main parts: (i) evolution of IR as a field of study and inquiry; (ii) mainstream and (iii) critical approaches to IR. As a graduate level course, it aims to (i) enable the students to understand the evolution and development of IR both as a field of study and inquiry; (ii) provide them with knowledge of the mainstream and critical theories and approaches in studying IR and the historical context in which they developed; (iii) train them in evaluating the possibilities and limits of each theorys explanatory power; and, (iv) to show how each theory or approach could be used as a conceptual tool in the analysis of international affairs, events and processes. At the end of the course, the students are expected to think and write critically on IR issues by exploring each theorys usefulness and limitations in explaining actual events and practice in the contemporary world. Moreover, the course is expected to prepare the students for upper graduate level courses in international relations

Methods The class will be conducted weekly with a mix of lectures and discussion as well as presentations from the students. There will also be sessions/activiites in which students will be asked to apply theories and approaches learned to actual events and process in international affairs. The purpose of these activities is to train the students in looking at current events using the lens of particular approaches in understanding international relations. Requirements

(1) Class Participation (10%). The students are required to participate actively in class discussions bringing with them their experiences and insights as graduate level thinkers. Moreover, reading the assigned articles and book chapters is a must for every student so that he or she could actively engage with the instructor as well as her fellow students during class time. (2) Seminar Presentations (20%). Each student is assigned two specific topics and sets of readings which he or she will synthesize and present in class. The presentation should take about 20 to 25 minutes and should be accompanied by a two to three-page outline based on a set of questions the instructor will give the presentors. The outline will be photocopied and given to the entire class. A discussant would react for five minutes to the presentation and subsequently, the class will discuss the topic and reflect on its assumptions and explanatory power. Each presentation session will start with the instructor giving a lecture on the broad overview of the particular topic and its contribution to the study of international relations. At the end of the presentation and discussion, the instructor will summarize the major points made by the presentor, the discussant, and the class. (3) Annotated Bibliography (15%). The annotated bibliography is a collection of one-page summary and brief evaluation of each of 20 journal articles on a particular topic of choice of the student. This requirement prepares the student for the review essay which is to be submitted at the

end of the term. There are several websites that provide guidelines on how to do the annotated bibliography. Nonetheless, the instructor will devote time to discuss the details of this in class. (4) Review Essay (30%). A review essay of five to six thousand words (excluding references) shall be submitted at the end of the semester. The paper will cover any research area/topic in international relations that the student wishes to explore. It must consist of a review of a minimum of 20 journal articles on a specific topic. Based on these articles, the student will attempt to write on the specific themes, debates and issues on the topic that were covered by the journal articles. Finally, the student shall also try to formulate a research question based on the themes and issues contained in the review essay. The instructor will devote time to discuss the details of how to write review essays. The font should be Times New Roman, the size should be 12 while the line spacing should be 2.0. The American Political Science Association (APSA) 2006 Manual of Style (to be provided by the instructor) shall be used in citing references. Plagiarism shall not be tolerated and shall be dealt with the strictest disciplinary action as per university rules and regulations. (5) Final Examination (25%). This will be taken by the student at the end of the semester and will cover the entire readings. It prepares the student for the comprehensive examination that he/she will be taking up as one of the requirements to pass the graduate program. The date of the examination will be announced by the instructor.

Background Reading Materials The following are books that serve as background reading material in this course. These books are specifically tailored for the uninitiated in the study of international relations. Chris Brown and Kirsten Ainley, Understanding International Relations, 4th ed. (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010) Scott Burchill et al, Theories of International Relations 4th ed. (London: Palgrave, 2008) John Baylis, Steve Smith and Patricia Owens (eds.), The Globalization of World Politics (4th Edition, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2007) Patrick Jackson, The Conduct of Inquiry in International Relations (London: Routledge, 2010) Walter Carlsnaes, Thomas Risse and Beth Simmons (eds.), Handbook of International Relations (London: Sage, 2002) Cynthia Weber, International Relations Theory: A Critical Introduction (London: Routledge, 2001)

Course Outline Week 1

Weeks 2 and 3 Part I. Historical Context of International Relations and international relations and the Discipines Philosophical Foundations Scott Burchill and Andrew Linklater.2005. Introduction. In Theories of International Relations, ed. Scott Burchill et.al. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp.1-28. Andrew Heywood. 2011.Historical Context. In Global Politics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp.2552. Chris Brown with Kirsten Ainley. 2005. Chapters 1 and 2. In Understanding International Relations, 3rd Edition. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp.1-35. Jackson, Patrick Thaddeus. 2011. Philosophical Wagers. In The Conduct of Inquiry in IR.New York: Routledge pp. 22-40. Martin Griffiths. 2007. Worldviews and IR Theory: Conquest or Coexistence?. In International Relations Theory for the 21st Century, ed. Martin Griffiths. New York: Routledge.pp.1-10. J. David Singer. The Level-of-Analysis Problem in International Relations. In The International System: Theoretical Essays, eds. David J. Singer, et.al. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1961. pp.77-92. (this is for week 3) Part II. Mainstream Approaches in IR Week 4:Realism Machiavelli, Nicolo. Recommendations for the Prince. In The Prince, Nicolo Machiavelli, trans. N.H. . Thomson. New York: P. F. Collier and Sons, 1910.pp.48-51, 57-59. Hobbes, Thomas. Relations Among Sovereigns. In Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1909. pp.94-98.

Edward Hallet Carr. The Realist Critique and Limitations of Realism. In The Twenty Years Crisis 1919-1939: An Introduction to the Study of International Relations, Edward Hallet Carr. New York: Harper and Row, Publishers, 1964. pp.63-64, 75-76,80-82,87-89,93. Morgenthau, Hans. Six Principles of Political Realism. In Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 5th ed. Hans J. Morgenthau. New York, NY:Alfred A. Knopf, 1973. pp.4-6, 8-12. Kenneth Waltz. The Origins of War in Neorealist Theory. In The Journal of Interdisciplinary History. Vol. 18, No.4. Spring, 1988. pp.39-52. Kenneth Waltz. The Stability of a Bipolar World. In Daedalus, Vol.93. No.3. Summer, 1964.pp.881887,899-902,907-909. Kenneth Waltz. 1979. Theory of International Politics. Reading Mass:Addison-Wesley. Kenneth Waltz. 1959. Man, the State and War, New York: Columbia University Press. John Mearsheirmer. 2003. The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. W.W. Norton. Richard Ashley. The Poverty of Neorealism. International Organization. Vol. 38, No.2. pp.225-286. Robert Keohane, ed. 1986. Neorealism and its Critics. New York: Columbia University Press.

Week 5: Liberalism Woodrow Wilson. The Fourteen Points. In The Fourteen Points. Wilsons Adress to Congress, Woodrow Wilson, January 8, 1918. Andrew Moravsik. Liberalism and International Relations http://www.princeton.edu/~amoravcs/library/liberalism_working.pdf Francis Fukuyama. 1989. The End of History. Summer. National Interest. Michael Doyle. Liberal Internationalism: Peace, War http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/articles/doyle/ and Democracy. Available at Theory. Available at

Michael Doyle. 1986. Liberalism and World Politics. American Political Science Review, Vol. 80. No. 4. pp.1151-1169. Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye. The Characteristics of Complex Interdependence. In Power and Interpendence. Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye. 1977. Scott, Foreman and Company. Stephen Walt. 1998. International Relations: One World, Many Theories. Foreign Policy, Vol. 110. pp.29-46. J.L. Richardson. 1997. Contending Liberalisms.Past and Present. European Journal of International Relations. Vol.3. No.1. pp.5-33.

Week 6:The English School Hugo Grotius. The Rights of War and Peace. In The Rights of War and Peace. Hugo Grotius, A.C. Campbell, A.M., trans. New York: M. Walter Dunne, 1901, pp.55-57,62. Hedley Bull. The Idea of International Society. In The Anarchical Society: A Study of World Politics, Hedley Bull. London: The Macmillan Press Ltd., 1977. New York: Columbia University Press.pp.24-27, 41, 51-52. Alex Bellamy. Introduction: International Society and the English School. Available at http://fds.oup.com/www.oup.co.uk/pdf/0-19-926520-8.pdf Balkan Devlen et.al. 2005. The English School, International Relations and Progress. International Studies Review. Vol. 7. pp. 171-197. Available at http://asrudiancenter.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/englishschool.pdf Andrew Linklater and Hidemi Suganami. 2006. The English School of International Relations: A Contemporary Re-assessment. UK: Cambridge University Press.

Week 7: Marxist IR Karl Marx and Frederick Engels. 1848. Communist Manifesto. Available at http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/pdf/Manifesto.pdf John Hobson. The Economic Taproots of Imperialism. In Imperialism, John Hobson. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1954. pp.47-50. V.I. Lenin. Imperialism: A Special Stage of Capitalism. In Imperialism, The Highest Stage of Capitalism, V.I. Lenin. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House. pp.50-52. Halliday, Fred. 1994. A Necessary Encounter: Historical Materialism and International Relations, in Rethinking International Relations. Basingstoke. pp.47-71. Immanuel Wallerstein. The Modern World System. In Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern WorldSystem: CapitalistAgriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in theSixteenth Century. New York: Academic Press, 1976, pp. 229-233. Available at http://media.pfeiffer.edu/lridener/courses/WORLDSYS.HTML
Robert Cox. 1981. Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory. Millennium: Journal of International Studies. Vol.10. No. 2. pp.126-155. Robert Cox. Gramsci, Hegemony and International Relations: an Essay in Method. Millennium: Journal of International Studies, volume 12, number 2 (1983).

Stephen Gill. International Relations: A Radical Viewhttp://www.stephengill.com/ikrit_dictionary_final_2002.pdf

Andreas Bieler and Adam David Morton. 2003. Theoretical and Methodological Challenges of neoGramscian Perspectives in International Political Economy. Available at http://www.internationalgramscisociety.org/resources/online_articles/articles/bieler_morton.shtml Roger Dale and Susan Robertson. 2003. Interview with Robert W Cox. Globalisation, Societies and Education. Vol.1, No.1. pp.13-23. Available at http://seriesofhopes.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/interview-cox.pdf Neil Ryan. Globalisation, Neo-Gramscianism and Open Marxism. Available at http://www.socialsciences.manchester.ac.uk/disciplines/politics/research/hmrg/activities/documents/Ryan .pdf Robbie Shilliam. 2004. Hegemony and the Unfashionable Problematic of Primitive Accumulation. Millennium Journal of International Relations, Vol. 32, No.1. pp. 59-88. Available at http://www.socialsciences.manchester.ac.uk/disciplines/politics/research/hmrg/activities/documents/Shilli am.pdf

Week 8: Social Constructivism Sorenson, Jackson. 2005. Methodological Debates: Post-Positivist Approaches Available at http://fds.oup.com/www.oup.co.uk/pdf/bt/jacksonsorensen/ch09.pdf Alexander Wendt. 1995. Constructing International Politics. International Security, Vol.20.No.1. pp.7181. Ted Hopf. 1998. The Promise of Constructivism in International Relations Theory. International Security, Vol.23.No.1.pp.171-200. John Gerard Ruggie. 1998. What Makes the World Hang Together. International Organization, Vol. 52.No.4.pp.855-885. Martha Finnemore and Kathryn Sikkink. 2001. Taking Stock: The Constructivist Research Program in International Relations and Comparative Politics. Annual Review of Political Science, Vol.4.pp.391-416. Jennifer Sterling-Folker. 2002. Realism and the Constructivist Challlenge: Rejecting, Reconstructing and Rereading. International Studies Review, Vol. 4.No.1.pp.73-97. Robert Snyder. 2005. Bridging the Realist/Constructivist Divide: The Case of the Counterrevolution in Soviet Foreign Policy at the End of the Cold War. Foreign Policy Analysis, Vol. 1.pp.55-71. Part III: Critical Approaches in IR Week 9: Critical IR and the Frankfurt School Anthony Leysen. 2008. The Critical Theory of the Frankfurt School. In The Criticial Theory of Robert W. Cox:Fugitive or Guru? by Anthony Leysen, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.pp. 71-87. Available at http://spmehazem.yolasite.com/resources/the%20critical%20theory%20of%20robert%20cox.pdf

Critical Theory, Habermas http://www.sunypress.edu/pdf/60844.pdf

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Anthony Leysen. 2008. The Critical Turn in International Relations. In The Criticial Theory of Robert W. Cox:Fugitive or Guru? New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp.89-111. Available at http://spmehazem.yolasite.com/resources/the%20critical%20theory%20of%20robert%20cox.pdf

Richard Price and Christian Reus-Smit. 1998. Dangerous Liaisons? Critical International Theory and Constructivism. European Journal of International Relations, Vol.4.No.3. pp.259-294. Available at http://www.globaleconomicgovernance.org/wp-content/uploads/Uses%20of%20Theory.pdf Week 10: Post-Modernism and International Relations John Gerard Ruggie. 1993. Territoriality and Beyond: Problematizing Modernity in International Relations. International Organization, Vol. 47.No.1. pp.139-174. http://ic.ucsc.edu/~rlipsch/Pol272/Ruggie.Territoriality.pdf Jim George. 1994. Thinking Beyond International Relations: Postmodernism-Reconceptualizing Theory as Practice. In Discourses of Global Politics. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers.pp.191-220. Cynthia Weber. 1999. IR: The Resurrection of New Frontiers of Incorporation. European Journal of International Relations. Vol. 5. No. 4. pp.435-450. Available at http://ir.emu.edu.tr/staff/ekaymak/courses/IR515/Articles/Weber%20on%20the%20resurrection.pdf Felipe Klause Dornelles. 2002. Post-Modernism and IR: From Disparate Critiques to a Coherent Theory of Global Politics. Available at http://www.globalpolitics.net/essays/Krause_Dornelles.pdf Nick Vaughan Williams. 2005. International Relations and the Problem of History. Millennium Journal of International Studies. Vol.34.No.1. pp.115-pp.115136.http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/pais/people/vaughanwilliams/publications/millennium20article20nvw.pdf Cynthia Weber. 2010. International Relations Theory: A Critical Introduction, 3rd Edition. New York: Routledge. Chapters 1 and 10.

Week 11: Feminist IR

Fred Halliday. 1994. Hidden from International Relations: Women and the International Arena.
in Rethinking International Relations. Basingstoke. J. Ann Tickner. 1997. You Just Dont Understand:Troubled Engagements between Feminists and IR Theorists. International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 41.No.4.pp.611-632. Available at

http://asrudiancenter.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/jannticknertroublebetwfeministirtheorists1.pdf
Anuradha Chenoy. 2000. Bridging Gender into National Security and International Relations. International Studies, Vol.37.No.1. pp.19-29.

Kimberly Hutchings. 2008. 1988 and 1998: Contrast and Continuity in Feminist International Relations. Millennium Journal of International Relations, Vol.37.No.1.pp.97-105. Jean Bethke Elshtain. 2009 (Reprint). Woman, the State, and War. International Relations, Vol. 23. No. 2.pp.289-303. Laura Sjoberg. 2011. Gender, the State, and War Redux: Feminist International Relations across the Levels of Analysis. International Relations, Vol. 25. pp.108-134. Week 12: Western and Non-Western International Relations Theory Jacinta OHagan. 2002. Conceptualizing the West in International Relations Theory: From Spengler to Said. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Chapters 1and 2. Amitav Acharya and Barry Buzan. 2007. Why is there no Non-Western International Relations Theory?: An Introduction. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific. Vol. 7. pp.287-312. Available at http://berkouk-mhand.yolasite.com/resources/non%20western%20irth.pdf Amitav Acharya and Barry Buzan, eds. 2009. Non-Western International Relations Theory: Perspectives on and beyond Asia. New York: Routledge. Chapters 1, 6 and 10. Josuke Ikeda. 2010. The Post-Western Turn in International Theory and the English School. Ritsumeikan Annual Review of International Studies, Vol.9, pp.29-44. Available at http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/acd/cg/ir/college/bulletin/e-vol.9/03Josuke%20Ikeda.pdf Week 13: Research and Writing Break Week 14: Paper Presentation Week 15: Paper Presentation Week 16: Synthesis and Integration/Writeshop Week 17: Final Examination: (March 20, 2012) Submission of Final Paper: on or before April 2, 2012 Submission of Annotated Bibliography: on or before January 30, 2012