Republic of the Philippines GENSANTOS FOUNDATION COLLEGE, INC.

Bulaong Extension, General Santos City

EROTIC LOVE A Research Paper in English 2

Submitted to: Ms. Niza B. Ponteras

Submitted by: Mr. Kevin Rey Tawatao Mr. Reyden Arandilla

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This term paper would not be accomplished without the g e n e r o u s contributions of any individual and organization. We are very much grateful to them for their unlimited help and support.

Above all, we express our gratitude to GOD the almighty, who aided us with his strength, gave us wisdom and patience to complete this term paper.

Additionally, we thank our subject instructor Ms. Niza B. Ponteras , w h o believed that we could terminate this term paper on time. His moral guidelines, endless effort, and joyful encouragement made us successful in this research paper.

Furthermore, we want to show our appreciation to our classmates and friends for their help and support.

At last, we thank to our parents and other family members for their help and support.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Content

Page Number

1. INTRODUCTION......1

2. BODY..2

2.1ETYMOLOGY2

2.2 EROS IN LITERATURE......2

2.2.1 The Classical Greek Tradition..2 2.2.2 European Literature...........4

2.3 EROS IN PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY......5

2.3.1 Plato.....5

2.3.2 Sigmund Freud...6

2.3.3 Carl Jung.........7

2.3.4 BIBLICAL APPROACH................9

3. CONCLUSION....10

4. BIBLIOGRAPHY.......................11

1. INTRODUCTION

Erotic Love comes from the Greek word Eros which means desire. It is the physical, sensual love between a husband and wife. It is based on strong feelings toward another. It usually occurs in the first stages of a man-woman "romantic" relationship. Although this Greek term does not appear in the Bible, Eros, or erotic love, is portrayed in the Old Testament book, The Song of Solomon. God is very clear in his word, Sex outside of marriage is forbidden. This love is based more on physical traits.

God created humans male and female and instituted marriage in the Garden of Eden. Within marriage, sex is used for emotional and spiritual bonding and for reproduction. The Apostle Paul noted that it is wise for people to marry to fulfill their godly desire for this type of love.

Two people feel this strong emotional attraction towards one another, though they barely really know about each other's personalities. A person usually puts her/his best foot forward, showing only her/his good side. In order to be sure if "true love" exists, two people must know and accept each others good and bad traits.

The romantic feeling common in "Eros love" is natural, and an important part of a relationship between a man and a woman. Romance also plays a role in strengthening the bonds, especially at the start of a relationship. This is part of God's plan.

2. BODY

2.1 ETYMOLOGY

In Ancient Greek, eros means "intimate love". The Modern Greek word is erotas.

2.2 EROS IN LITERATURE

2.2.1 The Classical Greek Tradition

In the classical world, erotic love was generally referred to as a kind of madness or theia mania ("madness from the gods"). This love passion was described through an elaborate metaphoric and mythological schema involving "love's arrows" or "love darts", the source of which was often the personified figure of Eros (or his Latin counterpart, Cupid), or another deity (such as Rumor). At times the source of the arrows was said to be the image of the beautiful love object itself. If these arrows were to arrive at the lover's eyes, they would then travel to and 'pierce' or 'wound' his or her heart and overwhelm him/her with desire and longing (love sickness). The image of the "arrow's

wound" was sometimes used to create oxymorons and rhetorical antithesis concerning its pleasure and pain.

"Love at first sight" was explained as a sudden and immediate beguiling of the lover through the action of these processes, but this was not the only mode of enteringinto passionate love in classical texts. At times the passion could occur after the initial meeting, as, for example, in Phraedra's letter to Hippolytus in Ovid's Heroides: "That time I went to Eleusis... it was then most of all (though you had pleased me before) that piercing love lodged in my deepest bones." At times, the passion could even precede the first glimpse, as in Paris' letter to Helen of Troy in the same work, where Paris says that his love for Helen came upon him before he had set eyes on her: "...you were my heart's desire before you were known to me. I beheld your features with my soul ere I saw them with my eyes; rumor, that told me of you, was the first to deal my wound."

Whether by "first sight" or by other routes, passionate love often had disastrous results according to the classical authors. In the event that the loved one was cruel or uninterested, this desire was shown to drive the lover into a state of depression, causing lamentation and illness. Occasionally, the loved one was depicted as an unwitting ensnarer of the lover, because of her sublime beauty a "divine curse" which inspires men to kidnap her or try to rape her. Stories in which unwitting men catch sight of the naked body of Artemis the huntress (and sometimes Aphrodite) lead to similar ravages (as in the tale of Actaeon).

2.2.2 European Literature

The classical conception of love's arrows was developed further by the troubadour poets of Provence during the medieval period, and became part of the European courtly love tradition. The role of a woman's eyes in eliciting erotic desire was particularly emphasized by the Provenal poets, as N.E. Griffin points out.

According to this description, love originates upon the eyes of the lady when encountered by those of her future lover. The love thus generated is conveyed on bright beams of light from her eyes to his, through which it passes to take up its abode in his heart.

In some medieval texts, the gaze of a beautiful woman is compared to the sight of a basilisk - a legendary reptile said to have the power to cause death with a single glance.

These images continued to be circulated and elaborated upon in the literature and iconography of the Renaissance and Baroque periods. Boccaccio for example, in his Il Filostrato, mixes the tradition of Cupid's arrow with the Provenal emphasis on the eyes as the birthplace of love: "Nor did he (Troilus) who was so wise shortly before... perceive that Love with his darts dwelt within the rays of those lovely eyes... nor notice the arrow that sped to his heart."

The rhetorical antithesis between the pleasure and pain from love's dart continued through the 17th century, as for example, in these classically inspired images from The Fairy-Queen:

If Love's a Sweet Passion, why does it torment? If a Bitter, oh tell me whence comes my content? Since I suffer with pleasure, why should I complain, Or grieve at my Fate, when I know 'tis in vain? Yet so pleasing the Pain is, so soft is the Dart, That at once it both wounds me, and Tickles my Heart.

2.3 EROS IN PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY

2.3.1 Plato

The ancient philosopher Plato developed an idealistic concept of Eros which would prove to be very influential in modern times. In general, Plato did not consider physical attraction to be a necessary part of love. "Platonic love" in this original sense is examined in Plato's dialogue the Symposium, which has as its topic the subject of love or Eros. In this dialogue Plato argues that Eros is initially felt for a person, but that with contemplation it can become an appreciation for the beauty within that person, or even an appreciation for beauty itself in an ideal sense. As Plato expresses it, Eros can help the soul to "remember" Beauty in its pure form. It follows from this, for Plato that Eros can contribute to an understanding of Truth.

Ultimately, Plato considers Eros to be a longing for wholeness or completeness, a daemon whose aim is to reach wisdom without ever owning her. In that sense Eros is synonymous with philosophy, which literally means the love or desire of wisdom. And since wisdom is the greatest of virtues, Eros is therefore the desire for the greatest of goods.

However, it is important to note that for Plato, the object of love does not necessarily have to be physically beautiful. In fact the greatest of goods will be eternal, and physical beauty is in no way eternal. If he achieves possession of the beloved's inner beauty and goodness, the lover's need for happiness will be fulfilled, because happiness is the experience of knowing that you are participating in the Good.

2.3.2 Sigmund Freud

In Freudian psychology, Eros, also called libido, libidinal energy or love, is the life instinct innate in all humans. It is the desire to create life and favors productivity and construction. In early psychoanalytic writings, instincts from the Eros were opposed by forces from the ego. But in later psychoanalytic theory, Eros is opposed by the destructive death instinct of Thanatos (death instinct or death drive).

In his 1925 paper "The Resistances to Psycho-Analysis", Freud explains that the psychoanalytic concept of sexual energy is more in line with the Platonic view of Eros, as expressed in the Symposium, than with the common use of the word "sex" as related primarily to genital activity. He also mentions the philosopher Schopenhauer as an influence. He then goes on to confront his adversaries for ignoring such great precursors and for tainting his whole theory of Eros with a pansexual tendency. He finally writes that his theory naturally explains this collective misunderstanding as a predictable resistance to the acknowledgement of sexual activity in childhood.

However, F.M. Cornford finds the standpoints of Plato and of Freud to be "diametrically opposed" with regard to Eros. In Plato, Eros is a spiritual energy initially, which then "falls" downward; whereas in Freud Eros is a physical energy which is "sublimated" upward.

The philosopher and sociologist Herbert Marcuse appropriated the Freudian concept of Eros for his highly influential 1955 work Eros and Civilization.

2.3.3 Carl Jung

In Carl Jung's analytical psychology, the counterpart to Eros is Logos, a Greek term for the principle of rationality. Jung considers Logos to be a masculine principle, while Eros is a feminine principle. According to Jung: Womans psychology is founded on the principle of Eros, the great binder and loosener, whereas from ancient times the ruling principle ascribed to man is Logos. The concept of Eros could be expressed in modern terms as psychic relatedness, and that of Logos as objective interest.

This gendering of Eros and Logos is a consequence of Jung's theory of the anima/animus syzygy of the human psyche. Syzygy refers to the split between male and female. According to Jung, this split is recapitulated in the unconscious mind by means of "contrasexual" (opposite-gendered) elements called the anima (in men) and the animus (in women). Thus men have an unconscious feminine principle, the "anima", which is characterized by feminine Eros. The work of individuation for men involves becoming conscious of the anima and learning to accept it as one's own, which entails accepting Eros. This is necessary in order to see beyond the projections that initially blind the conscious ego. "Taking back the projections" is a major task in the work of

individuation, which involves owning and subjectivizing unconscious forces which are initially regarded as alien.

In essence, Jung's concept of Eros is not dissimilar to the Platonic one. Eros is ultimately the desire for wholeness, and although it may initially take the form of passionate love, it is more truly a desire for "psychic relatedness", a desire for interconnection and interaction with other sentient beings. However, Jung was inconsistent, and he did sometimes use the word "Eros" as shorthand to designate sexuality.

2.4 BIBLICAL APPROACH

Eros, or erotic love, is portrayed in the Old Testament book, The Song of Solomon. God is very clear in his Word, Sex outside of marriage is forbidden.

God created humans male and female and instituted marriage in the Garden of Eden. Within marriage, sex is used for emotional and spiritual bonding and for reproduction.

The Apostle Paul noted that it is wise for people to marry to fulfill their godly desire for this type of love: Now to the unmarried and the widows I say: It is good for them to stay unmarried, as I do. But if they cannot control themselves, they should marry, for it is better to marry than to burn with passion. (1 Corinthians 7:8-9, NIV)

Eros is necessary part of a healthy marriage.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, erotic love is love that encompasses amorous desire; it also is expressed in individuals differently. Erotic love can be egotistical or self-sacrificing, depending on the "amatory" desire involved. However, because erotic love is wholly

dependent on upon the viewer's culture and personal tastes pertaining, it has several definitions.

In Classical Greek Tradition, the source of the arrows was said to be the image of the beautiful love object itself. If these arrows were to arrive at the lover's eyes, they would then travel to and 'pierce' or 'wound' his or her heart and overwhelm him/her with desire and longing or the basis of love at first sight.

However, it is important to note that the object of love does not necessarily have to be physically desire. In fact doing of good deeds will be eternal, and physical desire is not important. What we need to be careful of is assuming a relationship must be "real love" just because it is romantic, because all we feel is happiness. As with most anything in life, we must learn to use both our heart and mind to judge if something is real.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Seeker of Truth, The 3 Types of Love http://theseekeroftruth.blogspot.com/2005/02/3-types-of-love.html

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Philosophy of Love: An Overview http://www.iep.utm.edu/love/

Eroticism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eroticism

Bible The Song of Solomon and 1 Corinthians 7:8-9, NIV