A Study of The Book of JOEL

EVANGELICAL BIBLE COLLEGE OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA
COMMENTARY
JOEL
by
DR. PETER MOSES
[BOOK 68]
NOVEMBER 2007
WHO IS JESUS CHRIST?
Professor Simon Greenleaf was one of the most eminent lawyers of all time. His “Laws of Evidence” for many years were
accepted by all States in the United States as the standard methodology for evaluating cases. He was teaching law at a
university in the United States when one of his students asked Professor Greenleaf if he would apply his “Laws of
Evidence” to evaluate an historical figure. When Greenleaf agreed to the project he asked the student who was to be the
subject of the review. The student replied that the person to be examined would be Jesus Christ. Professor Greenleaf
agreed to undertake the examination of Jesus Christ and as a result, when he had finished the review, Simon Greenleaf
personally accepted the Lord Jesus Christ as his Saviour.
Professor Greenleaf then sent an open letter to all jurists in the United States saying in part “I personally have
investigated one called Jesus Christ. I have found the evidence concerning him to be historically accurate. I have also
discovered that Jesus Christ is more than a human being, he is either God or nothing and having examined the evidence
it is impossible to conclude other than he is God. Having concluded that he is God I have accepted him as my personal
Saviour. I urge all members of the legal profession to use the “Laws of Evidence” to investigate the person of the Lord
Jesus Christ and if you find that he is wrong expose him as a faker but if not consider him as your Saviour and Lord”
HOW CAN I BE SAVED?
Salvation is available for all members of the human race.
Salvation is the most important undertaking in all of God's universe. The salvation of sinners is never on the basis of
God's merely passing over or closing His eyes to sin. God saves sinners on a completely righteous basis consistent with
the divine holiness of His character. This is called grace. It relies on God so man cannot work for salvation, neither can
he deserve it. We need to realise that the creation of this vast unmeasured universe was far less an undertaking than
the working out of God's plan to save sinners.
However the acceptance of God's salvation by the sinner is the most simple thing in all of life. One need not be rich, nor
wise, nor educated. Age is no barrier nor the colour of one's skin. The reception of the enormous benefits of God's
redemption is based upon the simplest of terms so that there is no one in all this wide universe who need be turned
away.
How do I become a Christian?
There is but one simple step divided into three parts. First of all I have to recognise that I am a sinner (Romans 3:23;
6:23; Ezekiel 18:4; John 5:24).
Secondly, realising that if I want a relationship with Almighty God who is perfect, and recognising that I am not perfect, I
need to look to the Lord Jesus Christ as the only Saviour (I Corinthians 15:3; 1 Peter 2:24; lsaiah 53:6; John 3:16).
Thirdly, by the exercise of my own free will I personally receive the Lord Jesus Christ as my Saviour, believing that He
died personally for me and that He is what He claims to be in an individual, personal and living way (John 1:12; 3:36;
Acts 16:31; 4:12).
The results of Salvation
The results of this are unbelievably wonderful:

My sins are taken away (John 1:29),
I possess eternal life now (I John 5:11,12),
I become a new creature in Christ (2 Corinthians 5:17),
The Holy Spirit takes up His residence in my life (I Corinthians 6:19),
And I will never perish (John 10:28-30).
This truthfully is life's greatest transaction. This is the goal of all people; this is the ultimate of our existence. We invite
and exhort any reader who has not become a Christian by trusting in the Lord Jesus Christ to follow these simple
instructions and be born again eternally into God's family (Matthew 11:28; John 1:12; Acts 4:12; 16:31).
© Evangelical Bible College of Western Australia - PO Box I63 Armadale Western Australia 6992
Many other Christian resources are available freely from our internet web site: www.ebcwa.org.au and
www.newstartbibleministries.org.au for weekly messages.
For further information contact Dr Peter Moses at PO Box 163 Armadale WA 6992 Tel 61 8 9399 1978 or email
[email protected]
We encourage you to freely copy and distribute these materials to your Pastor and friends. You only, need written
permission from EBCWA if you intend using the materials in publications for resale. We encourage wide distribution
freely!
JOEL 2
CONTENTS
ITEM PAGE
INTRODUCTION 3
CHAPTER 1 8
CHAPTER 2 30
CHAPTER 3 60
DOCTRINES 70
JOEL 3
INTRODUCTION
Joel was one of the earliest of the prophets and a contemporary of Elijah and Elisha living in the days of Joash. This
book is the key to the prophecies of the end times, and as it is the first of them it sets up the categories for the others
following. As such it is very important, as in our lifetime we are seeing many things that people have been waiting for
since the time of Christ.
The date for the book at 820 BC , some say that it was at the time of the exile but internal evidence points to the earlier
date. Joash was initially a good king under the saintly High Priest Jehoida as shown in 2 Kings 12 and 2 Chronicles 24
but when Jehoida died Joash got into murder and other sinful life patterns.
One of the testings sent was a plague of locusts, the effect of which is graphically described in Joel. It was this plague
which so typified in Joel's mind the judgement of God. Under the guidance of the Holy Spirit Joel looks down across the
centuries to the last judgement of God on Israel.
JOEL AND THE DAY OF THE LORD
His subject is, the day of the Lord. It is a time period which lasts for at least 1007 years. Joel makes it quite clear that the
Day of the Lord lasts a long time as it encompasses the tribulation and the Millennium. It is a day that begins in great
trouble and goes on to greatest glory. Here we have the unfolding drama of redemption, the unfolding purpose of the
Scriptures spelt out. Joel looks to the end of time on earth to provide meaning and focus within the crises of time.
All doctrines were not given at once but many of them were unfolded progressively. Joel is the first prophet to talk about
the day of the Lord and its further revelation and explanation goes right through to the Book of the Revelation in 96 AD.
It is important not to get all your teaching from Joel, Joel received some but more was given to Ezekiel, Jeremiah,
Zechariah and eventually John on Patmos. If you are going to study prophecy do not just read one verse or book. We
must get the whole truth from the whole Word of God. Never follow one commentator either, see how the passage inter-
relates to the rest of the Scriptures. We have to look at the whole counsel of God. Remember the principle recorded by
Paul under the Holy Spirit’s guidance in 1 Corinthians 14:32, that the words of the prophets are always subject to the
words of other prophets of the Word; all must be laid out together to get the complete truth.
Joel mentions the "Day of the Lord" five times in his book - 1:15, 2:1-2, 10-11, 30-31, 3:14-16
THREE REASONS FOR JOEL'S PROPHECY
There are three main reasons for Joel prophecies.
[a] To foretell the forthcoming judgement upon Judah for their sins.
[b] To exhort Judah to turn their hearts to the Lord.
[c] To convince the whole world that this world's history will culminate in the Day of the Lord. The scales of justice will
finally rest.
Many people do not take Romans 12:19 seriously enough. "Vengeance is mine I will repay says the Lord". Justice at the
moment is very bad and there is rampant evil in the world. This however does not mean that justice will not be in the
world at any time. God is still on the throne, evil is not destroyed yet but it will be. The Day of the Lord will be the time
when God will move in history and finish it in His way in absolute justice.
There is no justice today but that does not prove that there is no God. The last words of the Lord were, "I will come
again", and only then evil will be removed. The Lord is not finished with this world, He is coming again.
Joel looked over a nation which should have known better, but it was involved in evil. They got judgement in the form of
locusts and in the form of Arabs who came in and raped and pillaged. Joel said, "Lord justice, justice!!". The word came
back that there would be justice but, "not yet". If God says, "not yet", there is a reason for it. The trouble with many
Christians is that they are praising God for what He is doing rather than who He is, and his plan must be kept in mind.
OUR AIM
We should be growing in knowledge of Him so that when things are not good we can still praise Him for what He is and
the plan that He has got which we probably cannot see. 1 Corinthians 13:12. God says, "not yet", more often than He
says, "yes".
He wants you to know Him in sickness and in health. Marriages would be fine if it were all wealth, health and happiness,
but the challenge of character is to trust and communicate when things are bad. As with marriage, so with our
relationship with God.
JOEL 4
Our Christian lives are to learn to love him because of who He is and His plan, even though we might die not seeing it
fulfilled. Joel died without seeing any of his prophecies fulfilled. Peter said that these people longed to see these things
which we have now but they died in faith not seeing it. Most believers are floating around but once you ground your life
on the Lord Jesus Christ you get stability.
Joel is one of those who bring you face to face with this issue. Joel introduces what progresses in 1 Thessalonians and 1
Peter. The Day of the Lord occurs over 30 times in the Old Testament including Joel, Isaiah, Zechariah, Zephaniah and
Ezekiel. If you go through those thirty passages, you will find that the phrase, "the Day of the Lord", will take you through
the Tribulation, the battle of Armageddon, into the Millennium. Be a Berean!
This ties in with the subject in Systematic Theology of Covenants and Dispensations. God has a plan but it is only when
you study the Word of God systematically that you see these things. In order to understand it you have to look at every
verse and saturate yourself with the Word of God. As a young minister if you put all the verses of a particular topic onto a
sheet and try and then group them you will see how the subject all fits together. You then see what the whole doctrine is
but you need to lock yourself away for a day to do that. This will allow you to lead your people through it in half an hour.
You study to show yourself approved unto God a workman that needs not be ashamed. You are to cut a straight furrow
through the Word. Acts 17:11. The early church only had the Old Testament. Good men differ in this area, so don't be too
dogmatic in such areas as to absolute interpretations of unfulfilled prophesies.
Where good men differ, do not get arrogant yourself. Disagree with people with decorum. The Lord will correct us all in
eternity. It is important to distinguish between Israel and the Church. The Church is restricted to the New Testament
mainly outside the Gospels. If something is in the Old Testament it is basically for Israel.
ACTS 15
In Acts 15:7-12 the issue of the status of the Gentiles is raised and the position of the Jews in the Church is queried. In
addition the position of Judaism in the Church is also discussed. It was decided that they were not to bring new
Christians to be Judaistic proselytes, the Church was a new body and different from Israel. The Church was made up of
people who were neither, Jew or Gentile, neither bond nor free, neither male or female, they are all one in Christ Jesus.
Read the next verses,13 - 18.
This passage in Acts 15 is the start of the Holy Spirit's revelation of this great change in world history, and the beginning
of a new phase in God's eternal plan. It was also seen that the Gentiles needed to be circumcised of heart not in the
flesh. This concept was later alluded to by Paul in his letter to the Galatians. If you are a Gentile believer you are a
Christian, if you are a Jewish believer you are also a Christian. He is calling out a people for his name, the church.
In verse 16, he says that, "after this I will return and build the tabernacle of David which has fallen down". While he was
saying this James could look out and see the Temple there. It was not demolished until AD 70. So therefore after the
Gentiles have been called out the Lord Jesus Christ will return to rebuild the Tabernacle of David. After this he will take
up again with Israel. Israel is not finished with yet. Here and in verse 17 we have a clear indication that there will be a
rebuilt temple in Jerusalem.
ROMANS 11
Turn to and read Romans 11:1,11, 12, 15, 23, 25 - 27. Paul says that the church is going to provoke the Jews to come
back to the Lord. Here again there is evidence that God is not finished with Israel.
There are many prophecies that have not been fulfilled. This does not mean that they will not be fulfilled, they will. We
should not spiritualise these prophecies as Origen did in the third century even though they are a valley of dry bones at
the moment. If you preach Christ in Israel nowadays you will end up in jail. They do not want the Word of God in Israel at
this time, but Joel says that there will be a time when they will. Joel introduces us to the vastness of God's plan, and the
certainty of revival for Israel.
The church is not the be all and end all. We are superior to the Jews being royal family rather than family under Israel.
We are superior in Christ to Abraham. Whilst the church is not Israel, the plan of God is working out and Israel has a
future. They will look on Him who they have pierced.
DIVISION OF THE BOOK OF JOEL
[a] Chapter 1 - A plague of locusts looking into the immediate future
[b] Chapter 2:1-11 - Imminent judgement
[c] Chapter 2:12-27 The call to repentance
[d] Chapter 2:28- 3 - The distant future. Here we have a good example of what is called the prophetic law of double
reference. A prophecy is given and it has an immediate fulfilment and also a far fulfilment
JOEL 5
In Joel 2:28 - 3:2 is an example where the chapter break is artificial and not inspired. Here we have Jehosophat's valley
or the plain of Armageddon. This ties in with Zechariah, Ezekiel and the Revelation. Joel sees this in order as shown with
the use of the word, "then", in verse 28.
They look to the mount of Zion. Who will come back to Mount Zion? The Lord Jesus Christ will. As His feet touch the
Mount of Olives the mount will split in half the book of Zechariah tells us. This is reflected by the statement in Acts 1
where the Lord will come back in like manner of His departure.
In verse 28 we have a passage which was quoted by Peter in his sermon on the day of Pentecost as seen in Acts 2;17-
21. If you compare Joel and Acts you will find there is a difference in words. This is because Peter is quoting from the
Septuagint (Greek version of the text), and Joel as it is in our Old Testament is from the Masoretic or Hebrew text.
Ask yourself of Acts 1, is this a complete fulfilment? Peter has a problem (if he intended it to be) as the moon has not
turned into blood and many other facets of the passage in Joel is not present, including the fact that the Spirit of the Lord
is not poured out on all flesh, only on the believers. There was a great cloud on the day of the Cross but no blood in the
sky at Pentecost.
The Greek idiom Peter uses explains the problem. The phrase translated, "this is that" does not mean what it appears to
mean in the English, what it can mean is, "this is like that". The real thing is to come. This is a foretaste of what will
come. When he comes again the prophecy of Joel will be fulfilled completely. Three thousand people were saved at
Pentecost.
Enough of Joel was fulfilled there however to show to these people that Jesus is the Christ the Son of God. Joel is a two
edged sword which can be badly misquoted. The second fulfilment will come in and after the Armageddon campaign.
The Lord will return and salvation will totally come to Zion where the Jewish believers are under maximum pressure and
have looked upon the one they have pierced and believed on Him.
Paul says that the Lord is going to do something great with Israel. For the first time in history since 70AD, Israel a nation
has re-established itself in our day. This is after 1900 years of dispersion. We should know this prophecy as we may live
to see it fulfilled in our or our children's day!
JOEL'S PROPHECY
It is of interest that Joel who was the first among the prophets ministering in the ninth century BC. has provided the
fullest Old Testament view of the final fulfilment of prophecy as follows:-
[a] The invasion of the land of Israel by Gentile forces in preparation to Armageddon. 2:1-10]
[b] The order by the Lord to His army and preparation for the destruction of the enemy. 2:11
[c] The repentance of the Israelites. 2 12:-17
[d] The Lord promises deliverance for the Israelites. 2:18-27
[e] The promise of the future provision of the Holy Spirit with attendant manifestations. 2:28-29
[f] The signs of the Second Advent of Christ. 2:30-32
[g] The final regathering of Israel and judgement of the nations at Armageddon or the Valley of Jehosophat. 3:1-16
[h] The establishment of the Millennial Kingdom on the earth with its blessing. 3:17-21]
DOCTRINES
CHURCH AND ISRAEL
The Church is different to Israel.
1. The Jews started with Abraham (Genesis 12:1-3). The Church started at Pentecost. (Acts 2; Galatians 3:26-28)
2. Israel was promised blessings on earth. (Deuteronomy 28:1-14) The Church is promised blessings in heavenly
places. (Ephesians 1:3; Hebrews 3:1)
3. Israel's relationship to God was based on a Covenant. (Genesis 17:7,8) The Church's relationship to God is based on
new birth. (John 1:12;13; 1 Peter 1:23)
JOEL 6
4. Israel's prophecy is mainly in the Old Testament. Prophecy of the Church is only in the New Testament.
5. Israel worshipped at Jerusalem. (Psalm 122:1-4) The Church worships where two or three are gathered together in
Christ's name. (Matthew 18:20)
6. Israel lived under the law. (Ezekiel 20:10-12) The Church is under grace (John 1:17; Romans 6:14).
7. Israel's destiny is with Palestine. (Isaiah 60:18-21 ) The Church will be removed from the earth.(l Thessalonians 4:13-
18)
8. Christ is King and Messiah to Israel. Christ is Head and Bridegroom to the Church.
9. Israel contained Jews only. The Church is made up of both Jews and Gentiles.
DISPENSATIONS
1. General Scripture (Ephesians 3:1-5) Key words -

Verse 2 - dispensation - stewardship or administration.
Verse 3 - mystery - Church age.
Verse 5 - other ages - Gentile and Jewish ages.
2. Definition: A dispensation is a period of time expressing the viewpoint of God in relation to the history of man. During
each dispensation God entrusts the spreading of the Gospel to specific people. Failure to fulfil their responsibility causes
God to end a Dispensation and usher in a new one.
3. Human history is divided biblically into 4 Dispensations.

(a) Gentile or Family.
(b) Jews.
(c) Church or Grace.
(d) Christ or the Millennium.
4. In all cases salvation is the same - faith in Jesus Christ but due to the position of the cross varies in its viewpoint of the
sacrifice from prophetic to historic.
(a) The Gentile and Jewish ages looked forward to the cross by means of animal sacrifices, the Tabernacle and Old
Testament scriptures.
(b) The Church age looks back at the cross as an accomplished fact in history.
(c) The Millennial Age looks at the present person of Christ on earth.
5. Greek words related to time.

(a) Chronos - a succession of events - chronology - a history of Israel. e.g. reign of Saul, reign of David, reign of
Solomon.
(b) Kairos - an epoch or period of time which is used for categories of times - dispensations.
(c) Oikonomia - translated dispensation - means to administer an estate, be a responsible steward of an important item.
(d) Aion - age - very similar to Kairos but allows for a break in an epoch such as occurs in the Jewish age with the
Tribulation occurring after the Church age.
6. Diagrammatic layout of Dispensations.

Gentiles Jews Church Jews Millennium
Adam Abraham Pentecost Rapture 2nd Advent
7. Responsible Agents for the Gospel.

(a) Gentiles - the head of the family responsible for the gospel.
(b) Jews - a special race based on regeneration responsible for the gospel. The Jews are often called the sons of
Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, all 'born again' believers.
(c) Church - a spiritual race based on regeneration responsible for the gospel.
(d) Christ - the God/Man himself responsible for the gospel.
8. Civilisations
As a parallel system to dispensations are civilisations of which there are three. In all cases the civilisation starts with
believers only and finishes with judgment.
(a) Civilisation
Pre Flood Post Flood Millennial
Adam Noah 2nd Advent
(b) Dispensation
Gentile Jews & Church Millennium
Adam Abraham 2nd Advent
JOEL 7
We are thus in the Church Age dispensation and Post Flood Civilisation.
CHURCH
1. Greek EKKLESIA (literally "the called out ones")

This word is used four different ways in scripture.
a) Citizen Assembly (Acts 19:32)
b) Assembly of Israel (Acts 7:38)
c) Synagogue (Matthew 18:17)
d) Body of Christ (all believers) (Ephesians 1:22,23, 5:25-7, Colossians 1:18)
2. The church is said to be a mystery. (Ephesians 3:1-6, Colossians 1:25,26, Romans 16:25,26). Mystery - something
that was hidden in the past in the Old Testament period but is now revealed.
3. The Church began at Pentecost 32 AD (Acts 2) and will be removed from the earth at the Rapture (1 Thess 4:17)
4. Believers in the Church Age are unique, having spiritual blessings which did not exist in the Old Testament.
a) Every believer is united with Christ, in the Body of Christ.
b) Jesus Christ indwells every believer.
c) The Holy Spirit indwells every believer.
d) Every believer is a priest, praying and serving directly to God.
e) We have a completed canon of scripture.
f) Believers are commanded to live by the Spirit, not by Law.
g) Every believer is an ambassador of Christ.
CHRISTIAN LIFE: ROYAL FAMILY OF GOD
1. Definition.
All believers of the Church Age belong to a unique system of royalty. Revelation 1:6. This royalty is based on spiritual
principles of Bible doctrine. While regeneration has occurred in every generation since the beginning of time, it is only the
believers of the Church Age who form this eternal nobility.
2. Basis of royalty in the Church Age.

a. The baptism of the Holy Spirit is the basis of royalty. Acts 1:5; Romans 6:3,4
b. No believer before or after the Church Age receives at salvation the baptism of the Holy Spirit; it is peculiar to
this Age of history. Colossians 1:25,26
c. In every dispensation, the believer is regenerated by the Holy Spirit at the moment he believes in Christ; but in the
Church Age the Holy Spirit also baptises the believer into the Body of Christ. I Corinthians 12:13
3. Precedent for Royalty.

a. The order or battalion of Melchizedek provides both the pattern and precedent. Hebrews 5:6,10
b. However, Melchizedek acquired his royalty by becoming king of Salem, while Jesus Christ was born Royalty in the line
of David. Matthew 1
c. Through the baptism of the Spirit, every believer is entered into union with Christ; hence, believers are known as the
Body of Christ. Colossians 1:18
d. As a member of the Body of Christ, every believer of the Church Age is eternally and personally related to the King of
Kings. Galatians 3:26-29
d. When the Body of Christ is completed, the Church Age terminates with the resurrection or the Rapture, at which time
the Body of Christ becomes the Bride of Christ. Matthew 25:1-13; I Thessalonians 4:16-18
e. During the Tribulation, the Bride is prepared for, "Operation Footstool", the second phase of Christ's strategic victory,
when all enemies are put under His feet. Heb 1:13
4. Sign of Royalty.
a. The sign of royalty is the unprecedented universal indwelling, of the Holy Spirit. I Corinthians 6:19-20
b. The purpose of this indwelling is to glorify Jesus Christ. John 7:37-39
5. Security of Royalty.
a. The sealing ministry of the Holy Spirit guarantees the eternal security of the believer. Ephesians 1:13,14
b. Positional sanctification places every believer in the "palace" (heaven) forever. Ephesians 1:3,4,11
6. Function of Royalty
a. The believer must advance toward the objective of spiritual maturity, at which time he receives the accoutrements of
royalty as well as the tactical victory of the angelic conflict.
b. The believer fulfils the status of royalty in the modus operandi of the new priesthood. Hebrews 7-13
7. Future of Royalty.
JOEL 8
As members of the Body of Christ and the Royal Priesthood (I Peter 2:9) all Church Age believers will return with Christ
at the Second Advent to participate in the strategic victory of the overthrow of Satan and the Millennial reign of Christ. I
Thessalonians 3:13; Revelation 5:10
CHAPTER 1
JOEL 1:1-4
1 The word of the LORD that came to Joel the son of Pethuel. 2 Hear this, ye old men, and give ear, all ye
inhabitants of the land. Hath this been in your days, or even in the days of your fathers? 3 Tell ye your children
of it, and let your children tell their children, and their children another generation. 4 That which the palmerworm
hath left hath the locust eaten; and that which the locust hath left hath the cankerworm eaten; and that which
the cankerworm hath left hath the caterpillar eaten.
KEY WORDS
Word Dabar Word, Matter

Lord Yehovah Jehovah
Came Hayah Come
Son Ben Son
Hear Shama Hear intelligently, Hear and understand
Old men Zaqen Elder, Senator, Ancient, Old Man
Give ear Azan Listen
All Kol All
Inhabitants Yashab Dwellers, Inhabitants
Land Erets Land, Earth
Been Hayah Exist, Be
Days Yom Day
Fathers Ab Father
Tell Saphar Recount, Enumerate
Children Ben Children, Son
Let - Not found in the original
Another Acher Following, Succeeding
Generation Dor Generation
Palmer worm Gazam Devouring locust
Left Yether What is left, Superior, Surplus
Locust Arbeh Locust
Eaten Akal Eat, Devour
Cankerworm Yeleq Young locust
Caterpillar Chasiyl Ravaging locust
BACKGROUND AND ANALYSIS
1 The word of the LORD that came to Joel the son of Pethuel.
Joel is the earliest of all the prophets It was written 830 to 800 BC. Joel was a contemporary of Homer who wrote about
things that had happened in the past such as the Trojan wars while Joel wrote about the future. Joel dealt with a
catastrophe in his day in the form of a locust invasion which nearly destroyed the economy of the nation. He ministered
in the southern kingdom of Judea around Jerusalem
Some 50 years after Joel the Assyrian invasions will begin to be a problem for Israel. There will be four great invasions
where Assyria dominates Israel in the fourth of five levels of discipline as given in Leviticus 26. There will also be a
message for the Tribulation which will parallel what was happening in his day.
Joel means Jehovah is God and specifically relates to the Lord Jesus Christ who is the manifest person of the Trinity.
We have no other background to Joel. He had a good vocabulary and is quoted from by Isaiah and Amos. Joel set the
standard as he was the first of the recorded prophets.
The Old Testament is divided into three, the Torah, the Prophets and the Writings. The Prophets section is divided into
three categories Pre Assyrian, Pre Exilic and Post Exilic. Joel is by himself as the only Pre Assyrian prophet, Pre Exilic
prophets include Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel and most of the group known as the minor prophets. Post Exilic prophets are
Zechariah and Malachi. To be included in the Prophets section the authors had to have the gift and office of prophet.
David and Daniel whilst having the gift of prophecy did not have the office of Prophet and their contribution to the Old
Testament falls into the Writings section.
JOEL 9
An indication of the early date of Joel is shown by the fact that Joel is quoted by both Amos and Isaiah. Amos 1:2 is a
quote from Joel 3:16, Amos 9:13 and Joel 3:18. Amos ministered in the northern kingdom from 810 to 775 BC. By
quoting Joel it shows that Joel predated that. Isaiah 13:6 cf Joel 1:15.
There is no mention of a king in Judah at this time. The king was Joash but he was a minor and there was therefore a
regency of the elders and high priests of Judah governing in his stead. Joel therefore ministered during the time that
Joash was in his minority.
Petheul in verse one is his father. The father’s name means the graciousness of God. His name indicates that someone
in his family understood the word of God and commemorates those parents who have taught their children biblical
truths.
2 Hear this, ye old men, and give ear, all ye inhabitants of the land. Hath this been in your days, or even in the
days of your fathers? 3 Tell ye your children of it, and let your children tell their children, and their children
another generation.
In verse 2 we have a kal imperative which is the equivalent of saying “now hear this”. The old men are in fact the elders
of Israel. These are the people who are ruling during the infancy of Joash. He will talk about the present catastrophe with
the locusts destroying the crops but will point to the future invasions by the Assyrians. He not only warns the elders but
also all the inhabitants that the situation is dire. It is even worse than in their fathers day or in recorded history.
In verse 3 the country is in apostasy and in trouble. They are instructed to tell their children and their grandchildren. This
is in the imperative mood which means it is a command. To recover from this type of apostasy there needs to be in
depth instruction of the next generations.
Many of the prophets used the same pattern with disasters in their countries which are used as an example to a
wandering nation to return to the Lord. If the southern kingdom had responded to the teaching of Joel the level of
problems would have been decreased but because they continued the level of discipline was increased from the third to
fourth level.
4 That which the palmerworm hath left hath the locust eaten; and that which the locust hath left hath the
cankerworm eaten; and that which the cankerworm hath left hath the caterpiller eaten.
The great Assyrian empire reached a height in 745 BC and continued to 612 BC when it was finally crushed by a
combination of the Chaldeans, Medes and Scythians. The locust plague is an economic disaster on a basically rural
economy. This plague became the basis for his eschatology and warning of the invasions of the Assyrians which will
come in 4 waves over the next two hundred years.
The Assyrians which were the dominant empire at this time were constrained geographically by mountain ranges. The
Tigris and Euphrates valley was the greatest oasis in the ancient world only paralleled by Egypt and the Nile. Nineveh
was towards the northern area of what is called the fertile crescent
The high mountains which protect it to the north go to the Yellow Sea. The mountains of Armenia were inhabited by
Hittites who started the Iron Age which gave them superiority over the Bronze Age which preceded it. This combined
with the mountains kept the armies from the east out of Mesopotamia. When the armies came from Mongolia they
moved into Russia and Turkey.
The remnant of these groups are seen in the Finns and Hungarians whose languages indicate their Hamitic origin. The
Mongolians would head into China or India but rarely into the Middle East. The Alps also kept these groups out of Italy
and Greece allowing for the flourishing of the Greek and Roman Civilisations.
With the disturbance of the Hittites by the Scythians the Assyrians took over the iron trade as a land monopoly while the
Phoenicians became the sea traders in iron eventually establishing their own smelters in Spain. There were two sections
of the Phoenicians, the Sidonian Phoenicians based in Palestine and the Carthaginians based in north Africa. The
Phoenicians set up their smelting areas in Spain and called the area Tarshish. This is where Jonah headed rather than
going to evangelise Nineveh.
During the Second Punic Wars a group of Carthaginians sailed out through the Straits of Gibraltar headed into the
Atlantic and arrived in America not far from Baltimore predating other explorers by over 1500 years. The Assyrians had
no pretence of a navy to counteract the Sea Peoples so they shared the monopoly on the Iron Age trade.
With the inbreeding in the royal line of Assyria some of the rulers were imbeciles. This was the case when Pulu the royal
gardener at Nineveh successfully engineered a coup d’etat and set himself up as the ruler under the name Tiglath-
Pileser III. There followed a series of three great leaders in Assyria Sargon II , Senacherib and Esar-Haddon. We will
see all four as a species of locusts in verse 4, the Palmer worm, Locust Canker worm and caterpillar.
In verse 4 you have interpretation based on the locusts. The palmer worm is a type of locust called the devourer which
takes off the corn cob or wheat head from the crop, the locust eats the stalk, the canker worm the stubble and the
JOEL 10
caterpillar the root. So a combination of all four removes everything. We should note that in the Hebrew are four different
words for these insects.
Tiglath-Pileser III [745-727 BC] commenced his first campaign in 744 BC with a push against the Urartu who were in the
process of nibbling away at the Assyrian’s northern border. He then turned west and captured portions of the northern
kingdom of Israel [2 Kings 15:29] and Menahem, of Israel paid tribute. Five years later he was strengthening his north
east border which encouraged Damascus in the west to try and loosen its ties with Assyria. As a result Tiglath – Pileser
reorganised his northern boundary during 733-732 BC.
In 2 Kings 16:5 Rezin of Damascus and Pekah king of Israel wages war against Ahaz of Judah apparently in an effort to
force him into an alliance against Tiglath-Pileser. They besieged Jerusalem but did not take it. However it was a time of
great instability as Hoshea made a conspiracy agains Pekah and killed him and took over the throne of Israel.
Ahaz sent an emissary to Tiglath –Pileser confirming that he was his subject inviting the Assyrians to come and relieve
him because of the oppression of Damascus and Israel. As a result Tiglath – Pileser attacked Damascus, took many of
its inhabitants away and killed Rezin. In 729 Tiglath-Pileser took Babylon and became its ruler the first Assyrian king to
be called king of Babylon since Tukulti Ninurta I in 1234 BC
It is therefore apparent that the relationship between Pul and Judah was one where Assyria was dominant over Judah.
Tiglath- Pileser died in 727 having built his palace at Nimrud. In order that he would not start a dynasty the family of
Tiglath-Pileser was murdered.
Sargon II [722-705 BC] became king of Assyria about 5 years after the death of Tiglath Pileser III succeeding
Shalmaneser. His palace was at Khorsabad where the chronology of his reign is carved in stone. He like his
predecessor was constantly on campaigns especially against the Urartu who seem to have been in almost constant
revolt against the Assyrians. The Assyrian empire was perhaps too large for its resources and those interested in its
downfall were constantly making alliances
He moved against one of these alliances consisting of Damascus, Samaria [or the nation Israel] and others with
Samaria falling in 721 BC resulting in the northern Kingdom going into captivity. 2 Kings 17:6. The southern kingdom still
was paying tribute to the Assyrians at this time. He was killed in a battle at Tabalu north of the Taurus Mountains in the
month of Ab 705 BC.
Sennacherib [705-681 BC] [2 Kings 18:13] succeeded his father Sargon II and besieged Jerusalem in the days of King
Hezekiah. His first campaign was against Merodach-baladan king of Babylon on whom he inflicted a terrifying defeat.
Scholars are divided as to how many invasions of Judah took place but it appears that two such invasions occurred one
recorded by Sennacherib where the result was payment of a large tribute by Hezekiah as a vassal king while the second
recorded in the Bible involved the siege of Jerusalem and the miraculous destruction of the Assyrian army and
subsequent raising of the siege and retirement of Sennacherib back to Assyria [2 Kings 18:17-19:37] Sennacherib
represents the third locust. He was eventually murdered by two of his three sons while campaigning in the east of his
empire
Esarhaddon [681-669 BC] 2 Kings 19:37 succeeded his father Sennacherib. He had been named as the successor even
though he was not the oldest son. His father and all before had conquered most of the Middle East. The only area that
had not been conquered by the Assyrians was Egypt. This king is the equivalent of the caterpillar or fourth locust who
eats out the roots. The roots here is Egypt which he conquered.
He also took Manasseh king of Judah to Babylon bound with fetters of bronze 2 Chronicles 33:11. This shows how
subservient the king of Judah had become to Assyria. The account in 2 Chronicles continues with Manasseh praying to
the Lord and the Lord bringing him back to Jerusalem to continue his reign.
Three kings followed Esarhaddon but there was another group rising in the Middle East the Chaldeans and Medes. Only
57 years after his death the Assyrian empire and Nineveh ceased to exist due to its utter destruction by a combination of
the Chaldeans, Medes and Scythians.
At long last a confederation of nations were able to remove the curse of the four locusts. However Judah did not
respond and the fifth stage of discipline, removal from the land was just a few short years ahead in 586BC under the
Babylonian ruler Nebuchadnezzar [see book of Daniel]
APPLICATION
It is always the message not the man. The content of the message is preserved rather than the messenger. The Lord
could get along without Joel but Joel could not get along without the Lord. There is no individual who is indispensable for
the Lord’s work.
JOEL 11
The Lord disciplines nations because of habitual rejection of biblical principles. An example would be Anti Semitism
where powerful nations have gone into a disaster situation. Often it is only when there is a personal or national disaster
that people’s minds are actively concentrated on finding answers. They consider where they can get help and recover
from the situation.
When liberalism or humanism comes into a country it takes a generation to remove it. In the West we have seen the
education system becoming secular humanism in its outlook. Once that has been taught a group of teachers will arise
which will be convinced that such an outlook is correct and will instruct the next generation. Only one thing will ever
reach this group and that is the gospel.
DOCTRINES
PROPHET
1. The gift of prophecy and the office of the prophet are distinguished in scripture. In the Old Testament there were those
who had the office of prophet, and served in an official capacity within the worship system of Israel but there were also
those who at times were given the gift of prophecy to give a special prophecy even though they were not full time
prophets. Elijah was a man with the office and the gift, where-as David had the gift at times but not the office.
2. The roles of the person with the office of prophet were many and varied:
a) Aaron was a preacher (Exodus 7:1).
b) In Nehemiah's time the prophet-preacher had a role to exegete the Word of God clearly so that the people would know
the truth (Nehemiah 6:7, Hosea 6:5).
c) As revivalists they were to call people to repentance (Judges 6:7-12, Zechariah 7:7-12).
d) They were to oppose apostasy so that those who were likely to be misled by a false teacher would have no excuse (1
Kings 18:36-39, 40, 2 Chronicles 25:15, Ezekiel 2:5, 2 Kings 20:11).
e) They were encouragers of the people (Ezra 5:2).
f) They were sometimes song/worship leaders for the people (1 Samuel 10:5).
g) They led in prayer at worship (2 Chronicles 32:20).
h) They were the advisors to the kings and they were associated with coronations (1Samuel 10:1, 1Kings 11:28, 29, 2
Kings 9:1-6, 2 Chronicles 12:5, 2 Chronicles 12:6, 15:2-7).
i) They were spiritual advisors or seers for the kings; they "saw" the immediate future and so were able to advise the
kings of the right decisions (1 Samuel 9:9, 2 Samuel 24:11, 1 Chronicles 21:9, 24:29, 2 Chronicles 19:2, 33: 18, 2 Kings
17:13, Isaiah 29:10).
j) They were fore-tellers of significant future events (2 Samuel 7:5-16, Amos 9:11, Isaiah 9:6,7, Isaiah 53, Ezekiel
34:22ff, Micah 5:2, Daniel 9:26, Zechariah 13:8, Joel, Zechariah 14) and many more.
k) God intended them to be the shepherds and vine-dressers of the nation. As such they were to be the type of Christ,
who is referred to in the Old Testament as "the great prophet" (Deuteronomy 18:15-19, Zechariah 13:5-6, Matthew
21:11 , Luke 7:16, 8: 18-20, 24:19, 23-26, John 7:40,41).
3. There was no "set" formula for the prophets to follow, but certain things were established as "tests" for the people to
be sure the prophet was genuine.
a) The prophet had to have a spiritual life witness that was like Moses (Deuteronomy 34:10 - 12).
b) God spoke to the prophets by dreams and visions. God spoke to Moses face to face but he was an exception
(Numbers 12:6-7).
c) The prophet had to be totally confident of his message, as he was judged by God if there was any falsehood in it (1
Kings 22:13, 14, 2 Kings 5:8).
d) There were to be no secret prophecies, everything was to be open and clear, so that all the people might be warned of
God (Jeremiah 23:25-29).
e) The prophet had to be specific in his message and had to be obeyed literally (2 Kings 5:10-19, note especially verse
13).
JOEL 12
4. There were always false prophets; in fact the great prophets of the Old Testament were always outnumbered by false
prophets in their own day (Jeremiah 2:8, Ezekiel 13:1-23). Our Lord warned us that there will always be false prophets
about (Matthew 7:15 - 23). NOTE THE LORD'S WORDS here in that the personal walk of the prophet is to be paid
attention to. No spiritual fruit in their life = no truth in their words. God allows the false prophets to operate without
immediate judgement upon them, so that believers are always presented with an obedience test, to see whether we will
obey the scriptures or follow our own lusts to judgement. False prophets will abound at times of poor Bible teaching.
Weeds only grow in poorly cared for soil (Hosea 4:5, 6, 9:7, 8).
5. Tests that believers must apply when confronting a person claiming the gift of prophecy:
a) The words of the prophet will never contradict the Word of God (Jeremiah 23:33-36, 2 Peter 2:1-3, 1 Corinthians
14:32).
b) The prophet will never call people away from genuine worship of God (Deuteronomy 13:1- 5).
c) The prophet will always be specific and the prophecy will be able to be tested (Deuteronomy 18:20-22, Jeremiah
28:9).
d) Any prophet who asked for money was to be treated as false (Jeremiah 8:10).
e) Any prophet who was a drunkard was to be treated as false (Micah 2:11).
f) Any unconfessed sin of envy, jealousy, strife,.....etc in their life , they were false! (Jeremiah 23:11).
g) God's prophets were generally men alone, not in groups (1 Kings 22:5-8, 18:22).
h) Does the prophecy accord with scripture? (1 Corinthians 14:37, 38, 2 Kings 23:2).
GOD: DIVINE INSTITUTIONS - NATIONS -NATIONAL DISCIPLINE
1. Discipline upon the damned. These nations have lived out their purpose in history and must be eliminated. This is
shown in the story of Sodom in (Genesis 19). This also shows that God will not punish a nation if He can find a remnant
in that nation.
God will never damn a people to extinction in history as long as there is a remnant left. Believers are the salt of the earth
and are the insurance policy for the nation in which they reside (Matthew 5:13). God protects the believer from judgment
(Genesis 19:17-23; Romans 8:1). This was done without any external armies by means of a natural catastrophe.
2. The principle is given in (Acts 17:26) where God has set the geographical and historical boundaries for nations. God
is therefore sovereign in history and geography. This is done so that they should seek after the Lord (Acts 17:27). No
nation is that apostate that a person does not have a chance to be saved as when a nation becomes apostate it is either
destroyed or changed.
3. Another damned culture is the Amorites of (Genesis 15:16) where Abraham's seed would be in Egypt until such time
that the apostasy of the Canaanites had matured. However when the Israelites came out of Egypt they were used by
God to destroy the Amorites (Deuteronomy 7:2). As they were doing it for God they were not allowed to take booty
(Joshua 6:17). This discipline was by direct military action and not by natural means. As the discipline continues they
are warned about their attitude (Deuteronomy 9:3-6).
4. The fall of the Chaldean empire under Belshazzer to the Medio - Persians and the Scythians is an example of the
destruction of a powerful empire overnight (Daniel 5). Daniel pointed out the God made Nebuchadnezzar king but when
he became proud he was discipline until such time as he acknowledged the source of his prosperity. No nation can
attain power unless God grants them it. Belshazzer had the testimony of Nebuchadnezzar but chose to ignore it.
5. Part of our responsibility is to pray for our country and its rulers (1 Timothy 2:1-2).
ISRAEL - NATIONAL DIVINE DISCIPLINE
1. Leviticus 26 states the five cycles of discipline
If the people in the nation do not want to do things in God’s way God will hit them in five cycles of increasing discipline
until He completely destroys the nation.
2. First cycle - v 14-17 - sickness, depression, economic problems, people losing their strength of character, lack of
power in the nation.
JOEL 13
3. Second cycle -v 18-20 - this is an intensified form of the first cycle with recession turning into depression, they become
even less enthusiastic.
4. Third cycle - v 21-22 - the situation further intensifies, psychological problems in the nation multiply, people behave like
animals, the wild animals are prowling on the streets both physically and symbolically. It was not safe to go out. Here
you have a breakdown in a nation with psychiatric problems and criminal problems.
5. Fourth cycle - v 23 - 26 - this is the invasion of your land with defeat with all the things that go with it, with food
rationing, with privation.
6. Fifth cycle - v 27-39 - this shows nation collapse and the removal of the nation from the land.
7. The parallel passage in Deuteronomy 28 indicates that God deals with the nation that rejects his Word in a systematic
way.
ANTI-SEMITISM
1. God's promise to Abraham - whoever blesses the Jews, God will bless; whoever curses the Jews, God will curse
(Genesis 12:1-3).
2. History shows a correlation between the rise and fall of Empires and their treatment of the Jews.
a) Anti-Semitic - Spanish Empire 16th century, Russian Empire 19th - 20th century, Nazi Germany 20th Century.
b) Pro-Semitic - Britain in 19th century, United States of America in 20th.
3. The concept of Israel

a) Racial Jew - one who is descended from Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.
b) Religious Jew - one who practices Judaism.
c) Regenerate Jew - born again, now part of the body of Christ (Romans 9:6-8)
CHRISTIAN LIFE: THINKING BIBLICALLY
1. We must think with Holy Spirit filled discernment. Refer SPIRITUALITY.
2. Our discernment is determined by the amount of God’s Word we have read, understood and applied into our lives.
Colossians 1:9-11. Refer EBCWA CD or website for detailed study Colossians 1.
3. Our human IQ is of no significance in thinking biblically, for the Holy Spirit will teach us as we seek to learn and are
obedient to what we learn. 1 Corinthians 1:19- 2:16. Refer EBCWA CD or website for detailed study of 1 Corinthians 1.
4. To think biblically we must apply what we know. James 1:21-25. Refer EBCWA CD or website for detailed study of
James 1. There is no such thing as knowledge that remains unapplied, for such “knowledge” is simply self deception.
APOSTASY
1. Apostasy means falling away.
2. Apostasy differs from backsliding. A true Christian can backslide, an apostate is never born again. eg. Judas Iscariot.
3. The backslidden Christian breaks fellowship, but doesn't lose his salvation. (John 5:24)
4. The apostate is declared in (2 Timothy 4:3-4) and (1 John 2:19)
5. Apostates may do good works calling themselves Christians but they should not be accepted as such. (2 John 9-11,
John 10:12-13).
6. There will be a great apostasy prior to the Rapture (2 Thessalonians 2:3)
JOEL 1:5-9
5 Awake, ye drunkards, and weep; and howl, all ye drinkers of wine, because of the new wine; for it is cut off
from your mouth. 6 For a nation is come up upon my land, strong, and without number, whose teeth are the
teeth of a lion, and he hath the cheek teeth of a great lion. 7 He hath laid my vine waste, and barked my fig tree:
he hath made it clean bare, and cast it away; the branches thereof are made white. 8 Lament like a virgin girded
with sackcloth for the husband of her youth. 9 The meat offering and the drink offering is cut off from the house
of the LORD; the priests, the LORD's ministers, mourn.
JOEL 14
KEY WORDS
Awake Quts Awake

Drunkards Shikkor Drunkard, Intoxicated
Weep Bakah Weep
Howl Yalal Howl, Yell
Drinkers Shathah Imbibe, Drink
Wine Yayin Wine
New Wine Asiys Young wine, Fruit juice, Fresh grape juice
Is cut off Karath Destroy, Cut off
Mouth Peh Mouth
Nation Goy Nation, Gentile
Come up Alah Ascend, Come up
Land Erets Land Earth
Strong Atsum Powerful
Without Ayin Without
Number Mispar Number
Teeth Shen Teeth
Lion Ariy Lion
Hath a cheek tooth Methalleah Biter, Tearing tooth
Great lion Labiy Great Lion
Laid Sum Put
Vine Gephen Grape vine
Waste Shammah Waste, Ruin
Barked Qetsaphah Bark, Fragment
Fig tree Teenah Fig tree
Made clean bare Chasaph Strip off, Make bare
Cast away Shalak Cast out, Throw away
Branches Sariyg Branch, Tendril
White Laban Become white
Lament Alah Bewail, Lament
Virgin Bethulah Virgin
Girded Chagar Gird on, Clothe
Sackcloth Saq Sacking, Sackcloth
Husband Baal Husband, Master
Youth Neurah Youth
Meat offering Minchah Meat offering, Sacrificial offering
Drink offering Nesek Libation, Drink offering
House Bayith House
Priests Kohen Priest
Ministers Sharath Minister
Mourn Abal Mourn
5 Awake, ye drunkards, and weep; and howl, all ye drinkers of wine, because of the new wine; for it is cut off
from your mouth.
Verse 5 is a special warning to the escapists. In Joel’s day just before the locust invasion there was a time of great
prosperity.
Several new types of grapes and barley had been cultivated with much of it being converted to wine and beer. As a
result they had a nation with a high level of alcoholism. Alcoholism is a form of escapism. Awake is in the hithpael stem
and imperative mood while weep is in the kal stem. Where the kal follows the hithpael they are related. The command to
wake up is logically followed by weeping and howling.
Here it is a command to wake up the drunks as this time of great blessing is rapidly coming to a close. Weeping is
generally a sign of disorientation to life. The crutch of alcohol has been removed and therefore the drunk is disorientated
and is ordered to weep.
Those in Israel have two alternatives to weep and howl over their problems or to turn to God and doctrine and receive
inner happiness in a time of national disaster. There is no new wine as the grapes have been destroyed by the locusts
so the means of sublimation has been taken away permanently from the drunkards.
JOEL 15
6 For a nation is come up upon my land, strong, and without number, whose teeth are the teeth of a lion, and he
hath the cheek teeth of a great lion. 7 He hath laid my vine waste, and barked my fig tree: he hath made it clean
bare, and cast it away; the branches thereof are made white.
We now see the Assyrian invasion. The Assyrians control the northern part of Mesopotamia becoming a great nation
industrially and in a military sense as well.
As a result of the Assyrian invasion Joel describes a series of calamities which are going to befall the Jews. The
Assyrians are described as a strong populous nation with an overpowering ability to destroy as described in the phrase
“whose teeth are the teeth of a lion, and he hath the cheek teeth of a great lion.”
In verse 7 the invasion is an economic disaster with the crops being destroyed causing huge food shortage. This is a
technique used by invading forces to ensure that those who survive the invasion are likely to be eliminated by the
consequent famine.
8 Lament like a virgin girded with sackcloth for the husband of her youth. 9 The meat offering and the drink
offering is cut off from the house of the LORD; the priests, the LORD's ministers, mourn.
In verse 8 we have the sad sight of a young bride who is lamenting the loss of her husband wearing sackcloth in her
mourning. In an invasion situation this scene may be duplicated many times. There was a case in the first World War
after one of the major battles in France where in a northern city in England streams of widows dressed in black poured
out of the houses mourning the loss of their husbands on the western front. War can be very cruel. The misery is
intense, the situation hopeless.
In verse 9 it affects the offerings at the Temple. The meat and drink offerings represent different parts of the work of the
Lord Jesus Christ on the Cross. Because of economic disaster the opportunity to offer sacrifices at the Temple is cut off.
The priests can therefore not teach as they taught through the offerings. The priests therefore mourn.
APPLICATION
There are many reasons for drinking including boredom, frustration, a miserable set of circumstances from which there
is no apparent escape but sublimation is no escape. Once a person sobers up the problem is still there.
We have two alternatives to weep and howl over our problems or to turn to God and doctrine and receive inner
happiness in a time of national disaster. Alcoholism on a major scale leads to national degeneracy.
DOCTRINES
DRINKING ALCOHOL
1. Drunkenness is always condemned as a sin in the Bible. (Proverbs 20:1, 23:20, Isaiah 5:11-22, 28:7, 8, Romans
13:13, 1 Corinthians 5:11, Ephesians 5:18)
2. Drinking of alcoholic beverages is to be avoided in certain positions of leadership.

(a) Kings (rulers, government leaders) (Proverbs 31:4, 5)
(b) Pastors (1 Timothy 3:3, Titus 1:7)
(c) Deacons (1 Timothy 3:8)
3. Drinking of alcoholic beverages proved disastrous for certain persons

(a) Noah (Genesis 9:21)
(b) Nabal (1 Samuel 25:36,37)
(c) Ephraim(Isaiah 28:1)
(d) Lot (Genesis 19:32-6)
4. Drinking of alcoholic beverages is condoned in certain areas. For example:- for medicinal reasons, or where
customary with meals, moderate amounts of alcoholic beverages are permissible (Proverbs 31:6-7, 1 Timothy 5:23)
Normal cough mixture for instance contains a significant amount of alcohol.
5. It is possible that the water which Jesus Christ turned into wine was an alcoholic beverage (John 2:1 -11 ). This
passage neither condemns nor condones drinking of alcoholic beverages but was the use of a miracle to focus attention
on the person of Jesus Christ as the God-Man-Saviour. Wine produces joy in the heart. (judges 9:13, Psalm 104:15)
6. Alcoholism forms a part of the pattern of national disaster (Joel 1:4-6, Isaiah 28). It leads to economic depression and
encourages military invasion. Jeremiah 13:12-17
JOEL 16
7. Adverse effects of excessive drinking of alcoholic beverages:-
(a) Leads to impulsive, abusive and irresponsible behaviour, vehicle accidents.
(b) Causes paralysis of the eyes (Wernicke's disease), tunnel vision.
(c) Destroys brain tissue.
(d) Produces cirrhosis of the liver,
(e) Results in delirium tremens (D.T.'s) which cause confusion, anxiety, terror and delusions. Alcoholism is drug
addiction which involves destruction of the soul. (Galatians 5:20-2 1
8. Importance of abstinence from alcoholic beverages in youth cannot be over emphasised.
9. Conditions under which indulgence in alcoholic beverage should be avoided from a believer's viewpoint.
(a) Application of the law of love - towards believers.
(b) Law of expediency - towards unbelievers: used when drinking becomes a false issue in presenting the
gospel.
(c) Law of supreme sacrifice - towards God: applicable when drinking hinders a specific ministry.
Application - In Australia probably alcohol should be avoided because of major problems, vehicle accidents, social
problems. In Greece however, a glass of wine with a meal would be expected and rejection by a Christian could cause a
false issue.
10. Drinking is related to degeneracy. Wine and drunkenness are used in the Scripture to represent the entire principle of
sublimation involved in rejecting God's way. (Jeremiah 13:12-17)
WEEP AND HOWL
"Weep and howl" is a phrase used as a prophetic warning
1. It is used in association with the Fifth Cycle of National Discipline for Israel. (Leviticus 26, Deuteronomy 30, 31)
2. It is a phrase that indicates the "Day of the Lord" is at hand. (Isaiah 13:6)
3. It is a phrase associated with the destruction of the land of Palestine in war. (Isaiah 14:31, Ezekiel 21:8 –13)
4. It is also associated with the destruction of other cities and nations.

[a] Moab - Isaiah 15:1ff
[b] Tyre - Isaiah 23:1
[c] Heshbon - Jeremiah 49:3
[d] Babylon - Jeremiah 51:8
[e] Philistia - Jeremiah 47:1, 2
[f] Egypt - Ezekiel 30:1,2
[g] Maktesh - Zephaniah 1:11
[h] Lebanon - Zechariah 11:1-3.
5. Howling is associated with people longing for deliverance (Isaiah 52:5). Also associated with people repenting of evil
in the midst of divine judgement for their sins (Jeremiah 4:8, Micah 1:8).
6. Howling is also associated with believers who have got way out of fellowship with the Lord (Isaiah 65:14).
7. False teachers/shepherds days are numbered and they will howl! (Jeremiah 25:34, Joel 1:11).
8. Alcoholics howl (Joel 1:5).
WEEPING
1. Weeping is an expression of unbelief. e.g. The weeping of Numbers 14:1 and Hebrews 3:19.
2. Sinful type weeping

a) David's tears of failure. (2 Samuel 18:33, 19:1-4)
b) Breakdown of the mentality in catastrophe. (1 Samuel 30:4, Psalm 42:3)
c) Weeping of the frustration and bitterness of old timers at the dedication of the second temple. (Ezra 3:12, 13)
d) The crying of the drunkards in national disaster. (Joel 1:5)
e) The weeping of fear because of the giants in the land. (Numbers 14:1)
f) The weeping of unbelievers at judgment. (Matthew 8:12, 25:30, Luke 13:28)
3. Bona-fide areas of weeping.

a) Jesus wept at the tomb of Lazarus (John 11:35). Weeping is therefore bona-fide at bereavement.
b) Jesus wept over the city of Jerusalem (Luke 19:41) Weeping of patriotism.
JOEL 17
c) Jesus wept on the cross (Hebrews 5:7)
d) As a mourner (1 Thessalonians 4:13)
e) An expression of happiness and faith
f) A reaction to pain.
4. There comes a time when all weeping is going to cease. (Isaiah 30:19, Revelation 21:4) after death.
HAPPINESS: HAPPINESS AND EXPERIMENTS IN ECCLESIASTES
1. This is the state of well being in the soul when the person is content in whatever situation they find themselves.
2. True happiness is unrelated to the circumstances of life. Philippians 4:11, 12, Hebrews 13:5, 6.
3. The Lord has promised to provide everything we NEED. 2 Corinthians 9:8.
4. Even in pain and persecution the truly mature believer can be happy. 1 Peter 3:14, 4:14, Psalms 146:5, Proverbs
16:20, 28:14.
5. The more we know God the more truly happy we will be in this life Psalms 43:4, 1 Timothy 6:15, 16.
6. Many consider that great wealth, position or education will ensure happiness. King Solomon searched for happiness
in all of these things, and concluded that true happiness can only be found in God.
a) EXPERIMENT 1 - EDUCATION (Ecclesiastes 1:12-18)

i) Solomon introduces himself as the king and states that he undertook many educational courses. By hard
study he attains a high standard in all his subjects but finds, with improved vocabulary, he is able to explain
more to others how sad he is.
ii) Solomon's conclusion on education - "All vanity and vexation of spirit" (v 14). Education does not produce
happiness.
b) EXPERIMENT 2 - PLEASURE (Ecclesiastes 2:1 -11)

i) Having spent time with study, Solomon decides to relax and pursue pleasure. He seeks pleasure in laughter
(v 2), wine (v 3), great buildings (vs 4-6), servants (vs 7-9).
ii) Solomon's conclusion: "All vanity and vexation of spirit" (v 11). Pleasure does not produce happiness.
c) EXPERIMENT 3 - A POSTERITY (Ecclesiastes 2:12-26)

i) Solomon reflects that when his time came he would die just as the foolish man. When that day came, unless
he had a number of children, he would be forgotten, together with his works. Solomon becomes depressed. He
is sleepless at night and comes to the conclusion that one should eat, drink and be merry to eke out a little
happiness.
ii) Solomon's conclusion: "all vanity and vexation of spirit" (v 26). Posterity does not produce happiness.
d) EXPERIMENT 4 - PHILOSOPHY (Ecclesiastes 3:1-22)

i) Solomon, in his philosophy, starts with facts and degenerates through rationalism to agnosticism.
ii) He commences with looking at man in time. God's eternal existence, provision and future judgment of the
world is given. (vs 13-15). By (v 19) however, Solomon has degenerated to common origin evolution that man is
just another member of the animal kingdom and his future destiny is exactly the same as the animals (v 20).
iii) He arrives at agnosticism (v 21) and finally humanism (v 22) where he "perceives [that there is nothing better
than a man should rejoice in his own works".
iv) Solomon concludes this in (Chapter 4) with "This also is vanity and vexation of spirit." Philosophy does not
produce happiness.
e) EXPERIMENT 5 - MONEY (Ecclesiastes 5:10-16)

i) Solomon who was one of the richest people who ever lived, soon concludes that money or wealth does not
bring happiness. He finds that wealth does not satisfy (v 10), you support more and more people (v 11), you do
not sleep well at night (v 12). When you die you cannot take your wealth with you (v 15).
ii) Solomon concluded money does not produce happiness.
f) EXPERIMENT 6 - A GOOD REPUTATION (Ecclesiastes 7:1-15)

i) With the forming of a good reputation over a long period of time, it is necessary to act in a sober, serious way
(vs 2-5) rather than in a light-hearted, flippant way. By (v 15) however, Solomon has found that a good
reputation does not ensure success or happiness.
ii) Solomon concluded a good reputation does not produce happiness.
g) EXPERIMENT 7 - MORALITY (Ecclesiastes 8:9-15)

i) Solomon observes that whilst the wicked will be punished in life many times, the wicked succeed and prosper
to the human eye whilst the moral do not. He believes this is not fair (v 14) and as a consequence, returns to his
solution of eating, drinking and making merry.
JOEL 18
ii) Solomon concludes that morality does not produce happiness.
7. THE TRUE SOURCE OF HAPPINESS (Ecclesiastes 12:13-14)

Having examined a whole range of ways which the world believes will make you happy, Solomon concludes: "Fear God
and keep His commandments, for this is the whole duty of man. For God shall bring every work into judgment with every
secret thing, whether it be good or whether it be evil. " In this, Solomon is reflecting the principle of (Joshua 1:8).
MILITARY FORCES
1. Protection of the national entity is two-fold:
a) INTERIOR - the policeman and the judge
b) EXTERIOR - the military establishment (Nehemiah 4:14,15).
2. In spite of man's effort for peace, warfare will continue until the Millennium (Matthew 24:6; Mark 13:7; Luke 21:9).
Therefore warfare is not only a normal part of history (Ecclesiastes 3:8; Numbers 21:14) but very necessary for the
maintenance of national sovereignty and freedom.
3. In both the struggle for the perpetuation of Jewish freedom after the Exodus, Jesus Christ Himself was the Lord of the
armies under the title "Lord of Hosts" (Joshua 5:13 - 6:2; Isaiah 1:24).
4. Armies both defend freedom and destroy freedom. In (Jeremiah 34:7) the Jewish Army fought to defend Jewish
freedom, while the Chaldean Army fought to destroy Jewish freedom.
5. The issue of national sovereignty, integrity and freedom depends upon which army wins. The Chaldean Army won
and the Jews lost their freedom (Jeremiah 40:1).
6. God uses the military in action, to demonstrate the degeneracy of a nation. Failure of the military on the battlefield
indicates the lack of self-discipline, spiritual incentive, motivation for courage and respect for authority which are so basic
in perpetuating freedom. Failure of the military indicates lack of character and stability among the citizens of a national
entity.
7. National military training is important in a nation's life (Numbers 31:3-5; Luke 14:31).
OFFERINGS: LEVITICAL OFFERINGS REPRESENT CHRIST
1. The Levitical offerings and sacrifices were a picture of the work of Jesus Christ. (Hebrews 10:1)
2. There are five offerings in Leviticus 1-6
a) Burnt animal offerings Chapter 1 The work of Christ.
b) Cereal offerings Chapter 2 The person of Christ.
c) Peace offering Chapter 3 Reconciliation.
d) Sin offering Chapter 4 Unknown sins.
e) Trespass offering Chapter 5-6v7 Known sins.
3. Burnt animal offerings (Leviticus 1)

An innocent perfect animal was killed for the sins of the offerer. A representation of Jesus dying for our sins on the cross.
a) Bullock v2-9 Offered by the rich person.

Bullock is a male without blemish = Jesus Christ as a perfect person.
Offering is on the brazen altar = The death on the cross.
Offered voluntarily = Faith in Christ is on the basis of free will.
Sinner, (offerer) puts his hand on animal's head for an atonement. = Sins laid on Christ on the cross. Christ died for the
sins of humanity . (2 Corinthians 5:21)
Killing of the bullock = The death of Christ
Blood covering the altar = Total cleansing from sin.
Flaying of animal to check that there were no inner blemishes = Jesus was perfect and free from sin both outwardly and
inwardly.
Wood burnt = Human good removed. (1 Corinthians 3:12, 15)

JOEL 19
The head is burnt = The perfect mentality of Christ
The fat is burnt = The outward perfection of Christ.
The gut washed with water from the brazen laver. = Cleansing from sin. (1 John 1:9)
The legs washed. = Cleansing from sin allows for service.
Bullock is burnt. = The solution to the sin problem at salvation and during the Christian life has been accomplished at the
cross.
b) Sheep v10-13 Offered by the middle class.
c) Birds v14-17 Offered by the poor.
4. The Cereal Offerings (Leviticus 2)
a) The Gift Offering = the gift of Jesus Christ.

Fine flour = Perfection of Christ
Oil = Holy Spirit
Frankincense = Satisfaction to God the Father
Salt = Preservation
Leaven (not included) = Sin
Honey (not included) = Human Good.
Take a handful of the mixture = Appropriating salvation personally by faith.
Burnt on the altar = Judgment of Christ on the cross.
Oil = Jesus filled with the Holy Spirit.
The priest eats the remainder. = the priest is sustained by the Scriptures and the Holy Spirit.
b) The Oven Offering

Unleavened bread = Christ had no sin.
Baked offering hidden from man's view = Godward side of the Cross. Golgotha shrouded in darkness during the period of
judgment of the sins.
Fire = Justice of God
Offering = Perfect humanity of Christ
Oven = Cross
Oil = empowerment of Christ.
Frankincense = God is propitiated or satisfied.
c) The Flat plate Offering

Fine flour with oil = Perfection of Christ
Unleavened = No sin or sin nature
No frankincense = No propitiation until God judged the sins of the world.
Part into pieces = Crumbled - something completely destroyed - Christ's body broken for us. Crushed with our sin.
(Isaiah 53)
Oil poured onto crumbs = Oil of appointment - Messiah or given one. God the Father appointed God the Son to go to the
cross cf. dove at baptism.
d) The Frying Pan Offering

Partly closed, partly open - Unseen = Godward , propitiation. Seen = manward, reconciliation.
The offerer gives offering to priest who takes it to the altar, takes part as a remembrance (memorial) for (judgment) =
compare with Lord's Table remembrance
rest eaten by the priests - how we appropriate Christ - faith.
e) Rules of Cereal Offerings

Prohibited leaven = sin or evil
Honey = Human good or human sweetness
Garnished with salt = a contract between God and man.
f) Cereal offerings were made at the

Passover (with burning = judgment = cross)
First fruits (without burning = resurrection)
Day of Atonement (with burning = judgment = cross)
g) The Memorial Offering

Green corn = Christ in resurrection
Dried = Roasted by fire, Judgment
Beaten = Bruised or crushed
Full ears = Perfection of Christ
Put oil on = Messiahship appointment.
Frankincense = Propitiation, satisfaction.
Burnt = = Reference to the cross
Memorial = Lord's Table of the Old Testament.
JOEL 20
5. Peace offering Chapter 3 Reconciliation.

Similar to the burnt offering, with both male and female animals sacrificed.
6. Sin offering Chapter 4 Unknown sins.

Confession and repentance from sin, equivalent to 1 John 1:9 (and cleanse us from all -unknown sins - unrighteousness)
7. Trespass offering Chapter 5-6v7 Known sins.

Confession and repentance from sin, equivalent to 1 John 1:9 (forgive our - known/confessed - sins)
SALVATION: EXPIATION AND PROPITIATION
1. Expiation and Propitiation are two sides of the same coin with propitiation being in relation to God while expiation
looks at the problem from man’s side.
2. By expiation the offence which renders the person guilty in the sight of God is covered from the eyes of God by the
effective dealing with the problem by propitiation.
3. The Mercy Seat (the top of the Ark of the Covenant) in the Tabernacle was the place of propitiation.
4. The concept of the Mercy Seat must be understood in the light of the Ark of the Covenant (Exodus 25:10-22, 37:1-9).
5. The Ark of the Covenant was a wooden box (45" x 27" x 27") constructed of acacia wood (the humanity of Christ)
overlaid with gold (the Deity of Christ).
6. Contents of the Ark: the golden pot of manna, the tablets of stone and Aaron's rod that budded (Hebrews 9:4). The
tablets of stone represented man's transgressions against God's perfect standard, the rod that budded stood for man's
rebellion against established authority, the pot of manna showed man's rejection of divine provision.
7. The content of the Ark is a picture of Christ bearing our sins in His body on the tree (2 Corinthians 5:21).
8. The Mercy Seat was a solid gold lid which fitted over the ark and bore two golden cherubs, one on each end
representing God's holiness (Hebrews 9:5).
9. Once every year, on the Day of Atonement, the high priest entered twice into the Holy of Holies with a bowl of blood
(once for his own sins and once for the sins of the people) (Hebrews 9:7). He sprinkled the blood on the Mercy Seat.
God's righteousness and justice were satisfied.
10. Because of propitiation, or satisfaction of His holy character, God is free to love the believer.
11. The Mercy Seat represented propitiation with emphasis on the person of Jesus Christ, our own great High Priest.
12. "Mercy Seat" in Hebrews 9:5 has the same concept as the word propitiation (Gk. hilasterion) in Romans 3:25.
13. Propitiation is used to express the true and perfect love of God for all believers regardless of their status (1John
4:10).
14. Propitiation is used to relate the person of Christ and the "covering" of God's character (Romans 3:25).
JOEL 1:10-20
10 The field is wasted, the land mourneth; for the corn is wasted: the new wine is dried up, the oil languisheth.
11 Be ye ashamed, O ye husbandmen; howl, O ye vinedressers, for the wheat and for the barley; because the
harvest of the field is perished. 12 The vine is dried up, and the fig tree languisheth; the pomegranate tree, the
palm tree also, and the apple tree, even all the trees of the field, are withered: because joy is withered away from
the sons of men. 13 Gird yourselves, and lament, ye priests: howl, ye ministers of the altar: come, lie all night in
sackcloth, ye ministers of my God: for the meat offering and the drink offering is withholden from the house of
your God. 14 Sanctify ye a fast, call a solemn assembly, gather the elders and all the inhabitants of the land into
the house of the LORD your God, and cry unto the LORD, 15 Alas for the day! for the day of the LORD is at hand,
and as a destruction from the Almighty shall it come. 16 Is not the meat cut off before our eyes, yea, joy and
gladness from the house of our God? 17 The seed is rotten under their clods, the garners are laid desolate, the
barns are broken down; for the corn is withered. 18 How do the beasts groan! the herds of cattle are perplexed,
because they have no pasture; yea, the flocks of sheep are made desolate. 19 O LORD, to thee will I cry: for the
fire hath devoured the pastures of the wilderness, and the flame hath burned all the trees of the field. 20 The
beasts of the field cry also unto thee: for the rivers of waters are dried up, and the fire hath devoured the
pastures of the wilderness.
JOEL 21
KEY WORDS
Field Sadeh Field

Wasted Shadad Ravaged, Wasted
Corn Dagan Corn, Wheat, Cereal
Dried up Yabesh Dry up
Oil Yitshah Oil
Languisheth Amal Be weak, Languish, Droop
Ashamed Bush Disappointed, Ashamed
Husbandmen Ikkar Farmer
Howl Yalal Howl, Wail
Vinedressers Korem Vinedresser
Wheat Chittah Wheat
Barley Seorah Barley
Harvest Qatsiyr Harvest
Perished Abad Destroyed, Perish
Vine Gephen Vine
Dried up Yabesh Dried up, Withered away
Fig tree Teenah Fig or Fig tree
Languisheth Amal Droop, Languish, Be weak, Sickly
Pomegranate tree Rimmon Pomegranate tree or Pomegranate fruit
Palm tree Tamar Palm tree
Apple tree Tappuach Apple or Apple tree
All Kol All
Trees Ets Tree
Field Sadeh Field
Withered Yabesh Wither, Wither away
Joy Sason Joy, Gladness, Cheerfulness
Sons Ben Son
Men Adam Human being
Gird Chagar Gird, Put on
Lament Saphad Beat the breast, Lament
Ministers Sharath Minister, Attendant, Wait on
Altar Mizbeach Altar
Lie all night Lun Lie all night, Dwell, Stay, Tarry
Sackcloth Saq Sackcloth
God Elohim God
Meat offering Minchah Meat offering
Drink offering Nesek Libation, Drink offering
Withholden Mana Deny, Withhold
House Bayith House
Sanctify Qadash Sanctify
Fast Tsom Fast
Call Qara Call, Summons, Invite
Solemn Assembly Atsarah Festival, Assembly, Holiday
Gather Asaph Gather
Elders Zaqen Elder
Inhabitants Yashab Dweller, Inhabitant
Cry Zaaq Cry out
Alas Ahahh Alas
Day Yom Day
At hand Qarob Near, At hand
Destruction Shod Desolation, Destruction
Almighty Shaddai Almighty
Come Bo Come
Meat Okel Food
Cut off Karath Cut off
Eyes Ayin Eye
Joy Simchah Joy, Rejoicing
Gladness Giyl Gladness
Seed Perudah Seed
Rotten Abash Be rotten, Dry up
Clods Migraphah Something that is thrown off a spade, Clod
Garners Otsar Garner, Storehouse
Laid desolate Shamem Make waste, Destroy, Desolate
JOEL 22
Barns Mammegurah Granary, Barn
Broken down Haras Pull down, Ruin
Corn Dagan Corn, Wheat
Beasts Behemah Beast, Cattle
Groan Anach Groan, Mourn, Sigh
Herd Eder Flock, Herd
Cattle Baqar Ox like animal
Perplexed Buk Be entangled, Perplexed
Pasture Mireh Pasture, Feeding place
Flocks Eder Flock, Herd
Sheep Tson Sheep
Made desolate Asham Destroy
Cry Qara Cry
Fire Esh Fire
Devoured Akal Devour, Burn up
Pastures Naah Pasture, Pleasant place
Wilderness Midbar Desert, Wilderness
Flame Lehabah Flame
Burned Lahat Burn
Field Sadeh Field
Rivers Aphiyq River
Water Mayim Waters
Dried up Yabesh Dried up
10 The field is wasted, the land mourneth; for the corn is wasted: the new wine is dried up, the oil
languisheth.11 Be ye ashamed, O ye husbandmen; howl, O ye vinedressers, for the wheat and for the barley;
because the harvest of the field is perished. 12 The vine is dried up, and the fig tree languisheth; the
pomegranate tree, the palm tree also, and the apple tree, even all the trees of the field, are withered: because
joy is withered away from the sons of men.
Here we see total devastation as far as the land is concerned. The fields are desolate, there is a dull pall over the
countryside, the corn from which bread and some of the offerings and provision at the Temple are made is not available.
The grapes as well as the olive trees are gone. The people are famished. This is a method used by Stalin in the Ukraine
in the 1930’s where all the produce was removed and people starved to death.
The catalogue of economic disaster for a rural economy continues with the destruction of the cereal crops and the fruit
trees and this causes depression and sadness to the inhabitants of the land
13 Gird yourselves, and lament, ye priests: howl, ye ministers of the altar: come, lie all night in sackcloth, ye
ministers of my God: for the meat offering and the drink offering is withholden from the house of your God. 14
Sanctify ye a fast, call a solemn assembly, gather the elders and all the inhabitants of the land into the house of
the LORD your God, and cry unto the LORD,
The recommended attitude of the priests and ministers in the Temple to this national crisis is now given. The country is
under judgment and the spiritual leaders are to repent and indicate the national repentance by putting on sackcloth and
throwing themselves on the mercy of God.
In verse 14 confession of sins is commanded and this is to be on a national scale. The fasting is to use time normally
used for the normal and legitimate actions in life and spend it in Bible Study and prayer. The people are commanded to
set aside time used for other things to present themselves before the Lord at the Temple.
It is noted that this is a civil rather than a religious convocation so it is the elders of the people who are told to assemble
the people. The fact that it is the elders and not the king who are instructed to convene the solemn assembly is because
the king is still a youth at this time and therefore it is a time of a regency.
The crying to the Lord can be in two areas, confession for the believer and conversion for the unbeliever.
15 Alas for the day! for the day of the LORD is at hand, and as a destruction from the Almighty shall it come. 16
Is not the meat cut off before our eyes, yea, joy and gladness from the house of our God? 17 The seed is rotten
under their clods, the garners are laid desolate, the barns are broken down; for the corn is withered. 18 How do
the beasts groan! the herds of cattle are perplexed, because they have no pasture; yea, the flocks of sheep are
made desolate. 19 O LORD, to thee will I cry: for the fire hath devoured the pastures of the wilderness, and the
flame hath burned all the trees of the field. 20 The beasts of the field cry also unto thee: for the rivers of waters
are dried up, and the fire hath devoured the pastures of the wilderness.
JOEL 23
In these verses we have a distant fulfilment as we see that it is related to the Day of the Lord which is a technical term
for the period of the Tribulation and Millennium. What we have in view here is the period of the Tribulation leading up to
the Second Advent of Christ. The phrase “at hand” means that it will come in its allotted time in history.
During this time especially after the erection of the Abomination of Desolation or the statue of the Antichrist in the Temple
there will be no joy and gladness. As a result of the invasion of the King of the North we see the destruction of crops in
verse 17 and animals in verse 18.
In verse 19 we have an anguished prayer from the remnant. This is a nation in its death throes and represents the
failure on the part of believers. The fire or enemy forces have destroyed everything causing great distress to the
domesticated animals because the pasture is gone and there is a major drought.
APPLICATION
We as spiritual leaders of our land must make people aware of their unresponsive attitude towards God and intercede
as a remnant for our nation. If the nation does not return to the Lord it will eventually come under judgment. Signs of
divine judgment are seen in many places including Australia due to drought.
The Temple and previously the Tabernacle represented not only a place where God communed with Israel but also
described the work of the Lord Jesus Christ. Our “Temple” is in fact the Bible where the whole realm of God is given to us
in writing. We are therefore in fasting or presenting ourselves before God to undertake Bible study and prayer.
As the salt of the earth the remnant needs to bring intercession with God through prayer for the nation because evil
policies and the acceptance by legislators of anti Biblical legislation the country is drifting away from Divine blessing.
DOCTRINES
JUDGMENT: CURSE
1. The curse of God is upon:

a) animal creation (Genesis 3:14)
b) ground (Genesis 3:17-19; Isaiah 24:5,6)
c) whole creation (Romans 8:22)
d) Israel's enemies (Genesis 12:3)
e) the Jews when they turned from God's Word (Deuteronomy 28:15)
f) those who preach a false gospel (Galatians 1:8,9).
2. Israel was cursed when they were dispersed but will be blessed when God restores them (Jeremiah 29:18; Zechariah
8:13).
3. Curses are on those who do not keep the Mosaic Law (Deuteronomy 27:26; Galatians 3:10) or love God (1Corinthians
16:22).
4. The house of the wicked is cursed (Proverbs 3:33).
5. Those cast into everlasting fire are cursed (Matthew 25:41)
6. Christ was cursed for the believer on the cross (Galatians 3:13).
7. He bore the symbol of the curse, the crown of thorns (Matthew 27:29).
8. The curse is removed (Revelation 21:1-5; 22:3; Isaiah 11:6-8).
REMNANT
The following steps to be taken when choosing to be among the remnant.
1. Make a clear understanding of God’s Word the priority - 1 Timothy 1:3-6, 4:6-16
2. Develop power in intercessory prayer which is exemplified in the ministry of Elijah - 1 Timothy 2:1-5
3. Stir up, develop and exercise your spiritual gift - 2 Timothy 1:6-7, 13,14, 2:15
4. Pursue purification and sanctification - 2 Timothy 2:19-22
5. Prepare for and expect persecution. 2 Timothy 3:10-12
JOEL 24
6. Develop endurance, spiritually, mentally and physically - 2 Timothy 2:1-3, 4:5
7. Live expectantly in the light of eternity - 2 Timothy 4:8
CHRISTIAN LIFE - BACK-SLIDING AND RECOVERY
1. Definition - falling from the standard of living that the Lord calls us to and living at a lower level of belief, behaviour,
and emotion. Living in a state of embarrassment at the gospel, thinking as an unbeliever would.
2. The Lord knows who are his, we don't. 2 Timothy 2:19. A backslider is out of fellowship, and may resemble an
unbeliever in every way yet still be saved. They are like the prodigal son. Luke 15:3ff. These people are different
(although they appear to be the same) to religious unbelievers. 2 Peter 2:1 -22, Jude 4 -13, 18, 19, 22.
3. The Lord desires these people to be restored. Matthew 18:12 -14, Luke 15:3 -32. In the Old Testament this message is
also clear. Hosea 4:14-19, 11:7, 8, 14:1-4, Jeremiah 2:19, 3:6, 8, 11, 12, 14, 22, 5:6, 8:5, 14:7,Jeremiah 31:22, 49:4.
4.Believers who are "offended' at the Word have failed to grow spiritually John 6:61 -63, Matthew 11:6, 1 Corinthians 10:
13, Matthew 13:21, Mark 4:17, John 16:1, Matthew 24:9, 10.
5. The disciples all were offended at the Lord at his death. Matthew 26:31, 33-35, cf. 67-75.
6. Falling from grace is another way of expressing backsliding. Colossians 1:23, Galatians 5:4, 2 Peter 3:17. It means to
fall from a place where you stand for grace and adopt an inferior way of living the Christian way of life, like legalism.
7. God disciplines the backslider, but their eternal security is secure. Hebrews 12:5 -13, 16, 17, 1 Corinthians 3:12-15, 1
Peter 1:4, 5, 2 Timothy 2:11- 13, John 1:12, Ephesians 1:13.
8. The Lord is able to keep us from falling, although we can walk away from his provision by following our pride rather
than his truth. Jude 24. 1 Corinthians 10:11 -14, 1 Timothy 3:6, 7.
9. At the end of the church age the Lord prophesied that there would be a time of almost total backsliding on the part of
the organised church.2 Thessalonians 2:3, 1 Timothy 4:1- 6, 2 Timothy 4:3, 4.
10. The Lord warns all backsliders very directly in Revelation 2 : 5. No fruit for too long = sin unto death! John 15:1-5.
11. Backsliding and Recovery
Seven Steps Downwards

a Trifling with Sin Romans 13:14
b. Yielding to Sin Romans 6:13
c. Habitually Serving Sin 2 Peter 2:8
d. Abandoning Ourselves to Sin Ephesians 4:19
e. Being Abandoned by God to Sin Romans 1:24,26,28
f. Encouraging Others to Sin Romans 1:32
g. Experiencing Hell on Earth James 3:6, 1 Timothy 5:6
Seven Steps Upwards

a. Resisting Sin in our Attitudes James 4:7
b. Overcoming Sin by Faith in Christ Galatians 5:16
c. Habitually being Victorious over Sin Romans 6:14, 1 John 5:4-5
d. Entering into the Secret of a Victorious Life Hid with Christ in God Romans 8:37, 2 Corinthians 2:14, Colossians 3:1-3
e. Being Taken by God into Deeper Fellowship 1 Timothy 1:12, 1 Corinthians 4:2
f. Delivering Others from Sin. Jude 22-23
g. Experiencing Heaven on Earth Jude 24-25, Philippians 4:6-7
CHRISTIAN LIFE – BLESSING OF THE BELIEVER
1. Scripture views blessing as a sense of "peace and happiness". Peace (eirene) in the New Testament means both
inner tranquillity of soul and great prosperity of Life. This is Paul’s prayer for all believers that they might know the
blessing of true God given prosperity. Romans 1:7, 1Corinthians 1:3, 2Corinthians 1:2, Galatians 1:3, Colossians 1:2,
Ephesians 1:2, Philippians 1:2, 1Thessalonians 1:1, 2Thessalonians 1:2, 1Timothy 1:2, 2Timothy 1:2, Titus 1:4, Philemon
3
2. To be spiritually minded is peace, (Romans 8:6), i.e. to be thinking as God would have us think. Peace means
contentment, tranquillity and spiritual prosperity in life. Paul uses this prayer as a greeting in many of his letters. It is
similar to the Hebrew greeting, Shalom, which implies peace and prosperity.
JOEL 25
3. Blessing comes by giving God and His righteousness first place. The details of life such as money, house, car, job,
marriage partner are then able to be sorted out correctly. Matthew 6:31-34, 1Corinthians 10:13, cf. Philippians 4:11.
4. Believers should not have it as their aim in Life to be the richest person in the cemetery. Luke 12:16-21. Having eyes
on money first is a foolish thing. Matthew 6:21 cf. James 5:1-6. Godliness and contentment are God's will for your life,
irrespective of wealth or possessions (1 Timothy 6:6-12)
5. Our intimate relationship with Jesus Christ is our treasure (2 Corinthians 4:6-7).
6. We have been blessed with every spiritual blessing in Christ - we share everything that He is (Ephesians 1:3)
7. God often uses material blessings to accompany spiritual blessing (3 John 2). However, we are to be content in all
circumstances (Philippians 4:11-13)
8. Blessings from God include such things as:

a) Peace (Psalm 29:11)
b) Comfort (Matthew 5:4)
c) Riches (Proverbs 10:22)
d) Rain (Ezekiel 34:26)
9. The believers who enjoy God's blessings are:

a) Righteous (Psalm 5:12)
b) Just (Proverbs 3:33)
c) Faithful (Proverbs 28:20)
d) Pure in heart (Psalm 24:4,5)
10. God's blessings are secured by:

a) Delighting in His Word (Joshua 1:8; Psalm 1:1 -3)
b) Obeying the Word (Deuteronomy 28:1,2; James 1:25)
c) Teaching from the Word (Psalm 94:12; Hebrews 12:5-11)
d) Kindness to Jews (Genesis 12:3; Psalm 122:6).
e) Generosity (Proverbs 11:26; Malachi 3:10)
f) Walking in God's way (Psalm 128:1-4)
g) Prayer (James 5:16).
11. There are blessings in the book of the Revelation for those who
a) those who heed the words of the book - 1:3, 22:7
b) those who die in the Lord - 14:13
c) those who are alert in the Tribulation regarding the Second Advent 16:15
d) those who attend the marriage supper of the Lamb - 19:9
e) those who are part of the first resurrection - 20:6
f) those who as believers will have eternal blessings in heaven. - 22:14
CHRISTIAN LIFE: CONFESSION AND FORGIVENESS
1. Forgiveness is by the death of Christ (Matthew 26:28, Revelation 1 :5)
2. Divine forgiveness is to all who believe in Christ (Acts 10:43, Acts 16:31)
3. The penalty of sin was paid by Christ on the cross. (Hebrews 9:22, 2 Corinthians 5:21)
4. When a believer sins his fellowship with God is disrupted. God forgives these sins upon confession and cleanses
from the unknown sins in the believer's life as well as known sins. (1 John 1: 9).
5. Jesus Christ is our propitiation. (I John 2:1,2 )
6. In human forgiveness we are told to forgive others even as God has forgiven us (Ephesians 4:32). This can only be
accomplished by the filling of the Holy Spirit. (Ephesians 5:18, Galatians 5:22,23)
7. Steps towards restoration of fellowship
[a] Examine yourself for genuineness of motivation. [2 Corinthians 14:5]
[b] Act on what you see [Romans 4:7-8]
[c] Deal with any sin by confession. [1 John 1:9, Psalm 66:18]
JOEL 26
[d] Forget the sin which you have confessed. Do not proceed into a pattern of guilt.[Philippians 3:13-14, Psalm 103:10-
12]
[e] Resume your active spiritual walk. Avoid areas where you might be tempted by the sin which so easily besets us.
[Hebrews 12:12-13]
[f] Be reconciled to others once you have been reconciled to God. [James 5:16]
[g] Get moving and grow up. [2 Peter 2:17-18]
CHRISTIAN LIFE: DISCIPLINE OF BELIEVERS
1. Divine discipline is the result of a believer disobeying the will of God.
2. God disciplines all true children. Those who are not true children do not know discipline. (Hebrews 12:8; 1 Peter 5:9-
10).
3. God's discipline of believers is shown in

a) Old Testament (Proverbs 3:11,12);
b) New Testament (Hebrews 12:3-13; Revelation 3:19).
4. Attitudes towards God's discipline (Hebrews 12:3-15).
a) Think lightly of it (v 5).
b) Faint or become disheartened (v 5).
c) Endure discipline (v 7).
d) Learn and benefit from discipline. (v 11).
5. The effect of God's discipline

a) Discipline blesses the believer (Psalm 94:12)
b) Lives are changed (Hebrews 12:11)
c) It is for a limited time. (1 Peter 1:6,7)
d) It is for the believer's benefit (Hebrews 12:10)
6. The believer who refuses to repent may be disciplined to the extent of death (1 Corinthians 11:30-31, 1 John 5:16)
7. Divine discipline never implies a loss of salvation. Galatians 3:26, 2 Timothy 2:11-13.
CHRISTIAN LIFE: FASTING
1. The true purpose of fasting is to spend time ordinarily spent in things such as eating and sleeping to prayer and Bible
study.
2. Fasting is not only the denial of food, although it often involves it.
3. The Jews fasted on the Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16:29-31; Numbers 29:7). Fasting in these passages is covered
by the words, "afflict their souls".
4. Fasting with the wrong attitude becomes human works, and therefore is unacceptable to God (Isaiah 58:3-4, Jeremiah
14:12).
5. Fasting should always reflect an attitude of humbleness toward God (Psalm 69:10).
6. Jesus fasted forty days and forty nights during his temptation (Matthew 4:2).
7. When Christians fast it should be a matter between the individual and God (Matthew 6:16-18) The fasting Christian
should not make a public spectacle.
8. Fasting in the form of extra time in prayer and bible study is beneficial:
[a] for major decisions in the Christians' or church's (Acts 13:2,3)
[b] to remove certain types of demons (Matthew 17:21; Mark 9:29)
[c] in revival (e.g. the post-war revival in South Korea).
CHRISTIAN LIFE: REPENTANCE
JOEL 27
1. Two words are translated repentance in the New Testament:-
a) Metanoia - META - to change , NOIA - the mind, which means to change one's opinion or mind about something or
someone.
b) Meta Melamai - to feel sorry for - an emotional reaction because of acts undertaken.
2. Repentance in salvation is to change one's attitude toward the person and work of Christ. (Luke 13:3,5, 15:7, 10,
16:30, 3 1, Acts 17:30, 31, 20:2 1, Romans 2:4, 2 Peter 3:9)
3. Repentance is used in salvation mainly for the Jews. The Jews had seen Christ as a great teacher, a wise man, a
prophet. They repented and now recognised him as the Son of God. In the case of the Gentiles, the word believe is
used. (Acts 16:3 1 ) as they had no previous ideas about the person of Christ.
4. The Fruit of Meta Melamai, such as penance and sorrow does not save. e.g. Judas repented of his actions and went
to eternal damnation.
5. However, Godly sorrow works repentance. (2 Corinthians 7:8-11)
6. The Holy Spirit is responsible for repentance in salvation. (1 Corinthians 2:14, John 16:8-11) It convicts of sin,
righteousness and judgment.
7. The Believer is told to repent from dead works or human good.
8. When God repents it is symbolic (Genesis 6:6, Exodus 32:14, Judges 2:18, 1 Samuel 15:35, Jeremiah 15:6, Amos
7:3, 6, Hebrews 7:21)
CHRISTIAN LIFE: SUFFERING
1. Ultimately, all suffering is a result of the sin of Adam.
2. God is sovereign and allows even undeserved suffering to come upon the world for a reason (Romans 8:28)
a) To bring people to a point of helplessness where they call out to Him

b) To test and develop faith, so bringing glory to Himself.
3. There will be no suffering for believers in eternity (Revelation 21:4).
4. Unbelievers will suffer forever in the Lake of Fire (Revelation 20:12-15).
5. Suffering can be caused by:

a) Discipline for your own sins
b) The effect of the sins of others on you - gossip, war, crime
c) Self-induced suffering as a result of your own actions – e.g. sickness from smoking, poverty from poor stewardship
d) The sovereign will of God - health, weather.
6. Premise of Suffering:
a) All suffering is designed for blessing in the Christian walk (1 Peter 1:7, 8, 4:14)
b) Even discipline is designed to restore fellowship (Hebrews 12:6)
c) Suffering follows the principle of grace (Romans 8:28, 1 Thessalonians 5:18).
7. Purpose of Christian Suffering:

a) To receive discipline for carnality or backsliding (Psalm 38)
b) To glorify God (Job 1:8-12, Luke 15:20, 21)
c) To illustrate doctrine (Book of Hosea)
d) To learn obedience (Philippians 2:8, Hebrews 5:8)
e) To keep down pride (2 Corinthians 12:7-10)
f) To develop faith (1 Peter 1:7, 8)
g) To witness for Christ (2 Corinthians 13:4)
h) To demonstrate the power of God (2 Corinthians 11:24-33, 2 Corinthians 12:7-10)
i) To manifest the fruit of the Spirit (2 Corinthians 4:8-11)
j) To help others who suffer (2 Corinthians 1:3-5)
k) From indirect action - because other believers get out of fellowship (Romans 14, 1Corinthians 12:12, 13, 26, 1Samuel
21, 1Chronicles 21).
8. Dealing With Suffering - Applying Spiritual Daily Orders:

To be a believer is to be associated with suffering. It is not a strange thing, it is our duty, and we are to take it as a
soldier takes the rigours of a long campaign; without complaint, and with dignity and strength.
JOEL 28
The five “Daily Orders” for the battle against the adversary, to be applied in the church age, in the power of the Holy
Spirit are found in 1Peter 5:8,9. They will protect us against the cunning of the “lion”.
a) Be Sober! - At all times be self controlled, not under the control of any emotion, or any other substance(drink or
drugs), but only by the Holy Spirit. Romans 13:11-13. 1 Thessalonians 5:6 -8.
b) Be Vigilant! - At all times, stay awake to danger, don’t relax your guard, don’t get careless.
c) Resist! - Stand up to, resist, oppose everything he stands for. Zero tolerance of evil is to be the standard for our lives.
Also refer, Luke 4:3-12, Ephesians 4:27, 6:11-13, James 4:7.
d) Be steadfast in the faith once delivered to the apostles! Be unbreakable, stand as a solid mass of soldiers resisting
attack. Stand with the apostolic doctrines, and their practices. As a local church be united, stand together, tight and
committed to each other.
e) Keep on knowing you are not alone! All believers suffer pressures when they stand for their Lord.
DAY
1. The word "Days" is used in the Bible in three different ways.
2. The Day which is less than 24 hours.

a) The day of salvation is the moment of time when an individual believes in the Lord Jesus Christ and refers to that
moment of faith in Christ. (2 Corinthians 6:2)
b) The day of Christ - is the rapture of the Church which will be instantaneous "in the twinkling of an eye" (Philippians
1:10, 2:16, 1 Corinthians 15:52)
c) The day of wrath - is the Great White Throne Judgement when the unbeliever is judged by Jesus Christ and cast into
the Lake of Fire. (Romans 2:5-6, Revelation 20:11-15).
d) The day of declaration - refers to the Judgment Seat of Christ, when the works of Church Age believers will be judged.
(1 Corinthians 3:13, 2 Corinthians 5:10)
3. The Day which is more than 24 hours

a) The day of redemption which refers to the resurrection of believers for all eternity (Ephesians 4:30)
b) The day of the Lord can refer to the Tribulation, Second Advent or Millennium, depending on the context (Isaiah 2:12,
13:6, Joel 1:15, 2:1 Zechariah 14:1, 1 Thessalonians 5:2, 2 Peter 3:10)
c) The day of God - which refers to eternity (2 Peter 3:12).
4. The Twenty-four Hour Day - the solar day

a) The six days of the earth's restoration were literal 24 hour days. (Genesis 1:3-31)
b) The Sabbath (Exodus 20:10) a holy day in the dispensation of Israel.
c) The Lord's Day - which is Sunday, in remembrance of the Resurrection (Revelation 1:10)
d) Living "one day at a time" concept in the Christian life. (Romans 14:5-6)
TABERNACLE
1. The Tabernacle was set up as the basic system of worship in Israel and was a part of the spiritual code of the Mosaic
Law portraying the person of Christ, the unique High Priest, the unique person, the unique Saviour.
a) The tabernacle also speaks of the human body in a tent or temporary storage place for the soul.
b) The tabernacle also portrays God's dwelling place and portrays God's dwelling with man in grace.
c) The tabernacle is also the place where man meets God and as the tabernacle represents the Lord Jesus Christ this
shows that God meets people at the cross.
d) Only the priest was able to enter the tabernacle and only the believer today has fellowship with God.
e) The tabernacle was given in fine detail and shows that God plans things down to the finest detail.
f) The tabernacle was divided into two parts - the outer area which represented the earth and the inner which
represented God's domain.
g) The inner area was divided into two, the holy place in which the Levitical priests functioned, the Holy of Holies in which
the high priest functioned once a year. The holy place represents heaven, the Holy of Holies representing the throne
room of God where our High Priest Jesus Christ constantly intercedes for us.
JOEL 29
2. The Tabernacle was located in the centre of the camp. All around the tabernacle were the tribes of Israel, three to
each cardinal compass point.
Principle: Everybody starts on the outside, only those who enter the tabernacle (i.e. are born again) have fellowship with
God.
3. The specifications which start in Exodus 25 commence with the Holy of Holies. This is to show that salvation starts
with God and not man. All blessing comes from God.
4. The tabernacle is a perfect rectangle 100 cubits by 50 cubits, 175 feet long, 871/2 feet wide and 8'9" high. It was
always that way and never changed - God is unchangeable (Exodus 27:9-15).
5. The side of the tabernacle was supported by 60 brass pillars on the outer court, 60 brass sockets. Brass judgment,
Pillars - cross. On the top of the pillars was a silver chapter. Silver - redemption. Twenty on the north and south side
and 10 on the east and west sides (Exodus 27:9-15).
6. The outside of the tabernacle was of fine white linen - representing the righteousness of God (Exodus 27:9).
7. There was one door into the tabernacle - there is only one way to God - through Christ.
The door was blue in colour and 35' wide. Once you had passed through the door you were inside the tabernacle
representing imputed righteousness. The large width meant that all could pass through, the material was very fine
showing that minimal faith was needed to enter in (i.e. weak people could push the material aside).
There were four layers of material. In order they were blue, purple, scarlet, white:-
blue - deity of Christ,

purple - Kingship of Christ,
red - redemptive work of Christ,
white - total righteousness of Christ. Thus by the time you had fully passed through the door the white righteousness of
Christ encompassed you completely (Exodus 26:36).
8. The pillars supporting the doors were of acacia wood overlaid with gold - the unique person of Christ. 5 pillars: 5 =
grace, gold - deity, wood - humanity (Exodus 26:37).
9. The floor of the tabernacle weighed 6 1/2 tonne.
10. The roof had four layers: (Exodus 26:1-14)
a) Outer: Badger skin - Humanity, Ram's wool dyed red - Redemption, White Goat's hair - Sinlessness
b) Inner: Fine linen - Righteousness
11. There were seven articles of furniture in the tabernacle:
a) The brazen altar outside the door

b) The brazen laver near the door
c) The table of shewbread
d) The golden lamp stand
e) The golden altar near the veil
f) The mercy seat
g) The ark of the covenant.
The veil was between the Holy Place and the Holy of Holies; the golden altar was associated with the Holy of Holies.
12. THE BRAZEN ALTAR (Exodus 27:1-8)
This was situated adjacent to the entrance into the tabernacle. Brass represents judgment. You could not enter into the
Holy Place unless you had sacrificed on the brazen altar. Fire burnt the sacrifice. Fire judgment.
Application: You cannot enter the plan of God unless you have trusted in Christ at the cross.
13. THE BRAZEN LAVER (Exodus 30:17-21)
The brass bowl filled with water. This was also situated outside the tabernacle. Prior to entering the tabernacle the priest
washed his hands representing confession of sin. Brass - sins judged on the cross. Water - cleansing.
Application: Before we can have fellowship with God we have to confess our sins. In the Church Age we are all priests,
we have to confess our sins before we fellowship. Our brazen laver is 1 John 1:9
14. TABLE OF SHEWBREAD (Exodus 25:23-30)
JOEL 30
This was in the Holy Place, constructed of acacia wood overlaid with gold. Laying on top of the table was the
shewbread, 12 loaves, one for each of the tribes except Levi. The loaves were made of fine flour without leaven baked
with frankincense and baked in fire. Bread - fellowship, Fine flour - righteousness of Christ. No leaven - no sin.
Frankincense - propitiation. Fire - judgment. The priests ate the loaves after they had been exhibited for 1 week. Eating
represents intake of Bible doctrine. Each loaf was placed under a crown showing the Lord Jesus Christ is the King of
Israel. No leper priest allowed to eat, neither a stranger.
15. THE GOLD CANDLESTICK (Exodus 25:31-40)
This was also in the Holy Place constructed of gold - the candlestick represents Christ as the light of the world. There
were seven candlesticks with a central stick, the other six branching off the central stick, three on either side. Six is
man's number, seven is God's number - the perfect number.
Analogy - Man is made perfect in Christ.
The candlestick was the only light in the Holy Place. The fuel in the candlestick was oil. Oil represents the Holy Spirit.
Oil in the centre stick represents Christ being empowered and relying on the Holy Spirit during his incarnation. Oil in the
other lamps shows the Christian way of life walking in the Spirit (Galatians 4:19, 5:22, 23). The six candlesticks
branching off the central stick represents the Christian in union with Christ and fellowship between Christians.
The candlestick weighed 48 lbs. (21 kg) and was beaten out of one piece of gold. It was very valuable and shows the
preciousness of Christ. The candlestick was fashioned by beating and represents Christ suffering for the sins of the
world. On the top of the centre candlestick they had knops or pomegranates representing the eternal life and perfection
of Christ. There were also almond buds opening up representing Christ being the fount of all life.
Flowers occurred on all seven candlesticks. The flowers represent the beauty of the character of Christ which we
produce when we are filled with the Spirit. Each lamp had a wick which drew the oil up through the lamps. The wick has
to be soaked in oil before it burns otherwise it emits smoke. Light - divine good or production. Smoke - human good or
production.
Application: If the believer is empowered by the Holy Spirit he produces works which are noticeably different from the
unbeliever. The burnt wick represents work for the Lord Jesus Christ. The priest used to collect the burnt wick and put it
in a snuff box. God remembers our works for Him. (1 Corinthians 3:12-15)
An alternate interpretation of the candlestick likens the seven stems as the seven spirits of God as found in (Isaiah 11:2,
Revelation 1:4). The spirit of the Lord, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit
of knowledge and of the fear of the Lord.
16. THE GOLDEN ALTAR OF INCENSE (Exodus 30:1 -10)
This is located just outside the Holy of Holies and represents intercessory prayer. The altar was made of gold overlaying
wood and was in the form of a crown. The priest would go to the brazen altar, pick up coals, pass through the holy place
and place the coals into the crown. Incense was then sprinkled onto the coals and the fumes coming up from the
incense represented prayer to God. By taking coals from the brazen altar it showed that the basis for effective prayer is
the death of Christ. The unbeliever cannot pray effectively except for accepting Christ as saviour. The only person who
could obtain the coals was a priest representing a believer.
The crown is also significant. The cross must come before the crown, the crown also speaking of Christ the King priest
after the order of Melchizedek. Fire spoke of judgment, the judgment of the cross being the basis for effective prayer.
The Incense which was put on the altar contained four ingredients which speak of the work of Christ:
a) Stukti - liquid from a gum tree representing the Father who is the recipient of prayer.
b) Onoika - a ground-up shell (representing judgment). The burnt shell gave off a perfume (propitiation).
c) Galbanin - the fat of a plant showing prosperity and representing the resurrection of Christ.
d) Frankincense - a white gum used in crowning kings - representing the session of Christ.
17. THE ARK OF THE COVENANT AND MERCY SEAT (Exodus 25:10-22)
Located in the Holy of Holies the mercy seat was of gold. Over the seat were two golden cherubs which covered the
mercy seat with their wings and looked down at the top of the mercy seat. In a box under the mercy seat were three
objects representing sin, the tables of the law representing -transgression against moral laws, the pot of manna showing
rejection of provision and Aaron's rod that budded showing rejection of authority. This was the ark of the covenant.
Once a year on the feast of the atonement, blood from a sacrifice at the brazen altar was brought into the Holy of Holies
and sprinkled on the mercy seat. The blood from the brazen altar represents the death of Christ. The cherubs, one
representing the righteousness of God, the other the Justice of God look down, see the blood and are satisfied. The sin
of the human race is removed by the death of Christ.
JOEL 31
CHAPTER 2
JOEL 2:1-11
1 Blow ye the trumpet in Zion, and sound an alarm in my holy mountain: let all the inhabitants of the land
tremble: for the day of the LORD cometh, for it is nigh at hand; 2 A day of darkness and of gloominess, a day of
clouds and of thick darkness, as the morning spread upon the mountains: a great people and a strong; there
hath not been ever the like, neither shall be any more after it, even to the years of many generations. 3 A fire
devoureth before them; and behind them a flame burneth: the land is as the garden of Eden before them, and
behind them a desolate wilderness; yea, and nothing shall escape them. 4 The appearance of them is as the
appearance of horses; and as horsemen, so shall they run. 5 Like the noise of chariots on the tops of mountains
shall they leap, like the noise of a flame of fire that devoureth the stubble, as a strong people set in battle array.
6 Before their face the people shall be much pained: all faces shall gather blackness. 7 They shall run like
mighty men; they shall climb the wall like men of war; and they shall march every one on his ways, and they
shall not break their ranks: 8 Neither shall one thrust another; they shall walk every one in his path: and when
they fall upon the sword, they shall not be wounded. 9 They shall run to and fro in the city; they shall run upon
the wall, they shall climb up upon the houses; they shall enter in at the windows like a thief. 10 The earth shall
quake before them; the heavens shall tremble: the sun and the moon shall be dark, and the stars shall withdraw
their shining: 11 And the LORD shall utter his voice before his army: for his camp is very great: for he is strong
that executeth his word: for the day of the LORD is great and very terrible; and who can abide it?
KEY WORDS
Blow Taqa Sound, Blow

Trumpet Shophar Rams Horn, Trumpet, Cornet
Sound the alarm Rua Sound an alarm, Make a joyful sound
Holy Qodesh Holy, Sanctified
Mountain Har Mountain, Hill
Inhabitants Yashab Dweller, Inhabitant
Tremble Ragaz Tremble, Quiver
Day Yom Day
Cometh Bo Come
Nigh at hand Qarob Near, Approach
Darkness Choshek Darkness, Obscurity
Gloominess Aphelah Concealment, Gloominess, Dark
Clouds Anan Cloud
Thick darkness Araphel Thick darkness
Morning Shachar Dawn
Spread Paras Break apart, Spread out
Great Rab Great, Abundant
People Am A people
Strong Atsum Strong, Powerful
Been Hayah Exist, Be
Years Shaneh Years
Many generations Dor Dor Age to age
Fire Esh Fire
Devoureth Akal Eat, Devour
Before Paniym Before
Behind Achar Hind part, After, Behind
Flame Lehabah Flame
Burneth Lahat Burn up, Consume
Garden Gan Garden
Desolate Shemamah Desolation, Devastation
Wilderness Midbar Desert, Wilderness
Escape Peletah Escape
Appearance Mareh View, Appearance
Is - Not found in the original
Horses Sus Horse
Horsemen Parash Equestrian
Run Ruts Run
Noise Qol Voice, Sound, Noise
Chariots Merkabah Chariot
Tops Rosh Head, Top
Leap Raqad Leap, Jump
Stubble Qash Stubble
JOEL 32
Set Battle Array Arak Milchamar Arrange in Battle
Face Paniym Face
Pained Chul Twist, Writhe in pain
All Kol All
Gather Qabats Assemble, Gather
Blackness Parur Illuminated, Flush of anxiety, Blackness
Run Ruts Run
Mighty men Gibbor Powerful, Warrior, Mighty man
Climb Alah Climb, Ascend
War Milchamar War, Battle
March Halak Walk, March
Break Abat Break
Ranks Orach Rank, Troop, Caravan
Thrust Dachaq Thrust, Oppress
Walk Halak Walk, March
Every one Geber Every one
Path Mesillah Highway, Path
Fall Naphal Fall
Sword Shelach Weapon, Sword
Wounded Batsa Be wounded, Break off, Plunder
To and fro Shaqaq Run to and fro
City Iyr City
Wall Chomah Wall
Houses Bayith House
Enter Bo Come, Enter
Windows Challon Window
Thief Gannab Thief
Earth Erets Land, Earth
Quake Ragaz Tremble, Quake, Quiver
Heavens Shamayim Heavens
Sun Shemesh Sun
Moon Yareach Moon
Dark Qadar Blackish, Dark
Stars Kokab Star
Withdraw Asaph Take away, Withdraw
Shining Nogahh Brightness, Shining, Light
Utter Nathan Give
Voice Qol Voice, Sound
Army Chayil Army
Camp Machaneh Camp
Executeth Asah Do, Make
Word Dabar Word
Terrible Yare Fear, Frighten
Abide Kul Maintain, Sustain, Abide
1 Blow ye the trumpet in Zion, and sound an alarm in my holy mountain: let all the inhabitants of the land
tremble: for the day of the LORD cometh, for it is nigh at hand;
In verse 1 to 9 we have Armageddon. This is written from the viewpoint of the Jews ling in the Tribulation. There are a
five passages in the Scriptures which develop Armageddon Daniel 11:40-45, Ezekiel Chapters 38, 39, Revelation
16:12-16, Zechariah chapters 12 and 14 and this passage, The passages develop something different and have
different emphasis
“Blow ye the trumpet” literally means blow the rams horn. The rams horn is to be blown in Zion or
Jerusalem. The Jews in ancient times had a series of mountain or hill top locations which allowed for the
transmission of warnings, by ram’s horn during the day and by fire at night.
This was the type of message delivery system that Herod would have employed when tracing the journey of
the Wise Men from the East as they entered into his territory.
The inhabitants of the land are those who reside in southern Judea who will tremble at the sound of the
rams horn as it means that an invader is entering their land. Again this is at the time of the Day of the Lord
which relates it to the same time of the last verses of chapter 1.
JOEL 33
2 A day of darkness and of gloominess, a day of clouds and of thick darkness, as the morning spread upon the
mountains: a great people and a strong; there hath not been ever the like, neither shall be any more after it,
even to the years of many generations.
In verse 2 we have an analogy and relates to the day when the Lord Jesus Christ returns to the earth. It is a day of
darkness. This supernatural darkness affects the strategic situation not only in Jerusalem but also in the areas of Edom,
Moab and Ammon. It protects two groups of believers, those who are fighting in Jerusalem and those who have fled to
the mountains three and a half years earlier.
The darkness is the same type of darkness as was experienced at the Cross between noon and three in the afternoon.
Up to this time humanly speaking the situation as far as the Jews are concerned is hopeless. Ezekiel 38 and 39 is the
description of clouds for the invading armies.
Thick darkness is abnormal darkness with no light. It will be so dark that the only light that will be seen will be the light of
the return of the Lord Jesus Christ in glory to set up His Millennial reign on the earth. Isaiah 13:9,10 Zechariah 14:6,7,
Ezekiel 32:7,8, Joel 2:10,11 Amos 5:18, Matthew 24:29Luke 21:25-27, Revelation 6:12
The unusual darkness stops all the armies in the area manoeuvring. The Hebrew word “Shachar “ translated in the KJV
as morning should be translated dawn. In mountainous areas when the day dawns the sun gradually illuminates the
landscape. There are pockets of darkness. By analogy although the armies of the king of the north cannot be stopped
there will be areas where the sun has been unable to penetrate, and where resistance will continue.
In Daniel 11:40-41 the King of the North follows the main roads down into Egypt and on his return tries to mop up the
areas he has previously bypassed. On his return he has Jerusalem as his objective. He is said to be great and strong,
the strongest military group ever to be involved in warfare. Joel 2:22, Daniel 11:45, Ezekiel 38,39
3 A fire devoureth before them; and behind them a flame burneth: the land is as the garden of Eden before
them, and behind them a desolate wilderness; yea, and nothing shall escape them.
In verse 3 it changes from dawn to fire which demonstrates the fierceness of the King of the North. In order to
understand the situation here we need to have experienced invasion. The horrors of invasion is described in Zechariah
12 and 14 . The terrible change in circumstances is given by the picture of the landscape being as the Garden of Eden
before the arrival of the enemy and like a scorched dead plain afterwards. When the invader comes in the economy
goes. It shows that prior to the invasion Israel will be green and prosperous.
The phrase “and nothing shall escape him” is literally in the Hebrew “Escape shall not be unto him” Him refers to the
dictator of Palestine, the man from the tribe of Dan who is the false Christ. Him also relates to the king of the north. In
Daniel 11:45 it says that he shall come to an end.
4 The appearance of them is as the appearance of horses; and as horsemen, so shall they run. 5 Like the noise
of chariots on the tops of mountains shall they leap, like the noise of a flame of fire that devoureth the stubble,
as a strong people set in battle array.
In verses 4 and 5 we have the description of the invaders. The king of the north has a very mobile army as seen by the
phrase horses and horsemen and they shall run. This is a type of blitzkrieg. His movements are characterised by rapid
advance. Chariots are comparable to armoured forces Ezekiel 39:20, Daniel 11:40. They make a great noise. These are
strong people organised for battle
6 Before their face the people shall be much pained: all faces shall gather blackness. 7 They shall run like
mighty men; they shall climb the wall like men of war; and they shall march every one on his ways, and they
shall not break their ranks: 8 Neither shall one thrust another; they shall walk every one in his path: and when
they fall upon the sword, they shall not be wounded. 9 They shall run to and fro in the city; they shall run upon
the wall, they shall climb up upon the houses; they shall enter in at the windows like a thief.
The reaction to the invasion is that they will receive pain. The word pain is used for childbirth therefore it means a lot of
pain. All faces shall gather blackness is better translated “All faces shall have a flush of anxiety” This passage continues
that they shall run like mighty men, they will climb the walls.
These are very powerful, well trained people who are able to climb over the defences of their enemy. The discipline of
the troops is portrayed in the phrase “they shall march everyone in his path which is further expanded in the rest of
verse 7 in the fact that they will not break ranks. The king of the north is a godless man but commands a well trained
army.
In verse 8 we read that “neither shall one thrust another”. This means to jostle, to be standing next to someone in the
ranks and injure them with your spear. They will be well disciplined marching in ranks and when they are fighting they
will not be affected in modern day speech by “friendly fire”
In verse 9 it shows that when they reach the city they will have easy passage and easily access the houses as a tactical
strike force in house to house fighting. Zechariah 14:1,2. They therefore are very effective in an urban area assault
JOEL 34
10 The earth shall quake before them; the heavens shall tremble: the sun and the moon shall be dark, and the
stars shall withdraw their shining:
In these verses we see God providing a solution to these problems. The earth shall quake is in the perfect tense which
shows that this earthquake is a certainty and has been known by God in eternity past to occur at this time. This is when
the feet of the Lord Jesus Christ touch the earth at the Second Advent at the Mount of Olives – Zechariah 14:4
The reason for the earthquake is to split the Mount of Olives so that the believers who are bottled up in Jerusalem can
escape and they will pass down the new valley into protection and freedom from military pressure.
The sun moon and stars will be darkened and a type of darkness similar to that which shrouded the Cross during the
last three hours starting at noon when the sins of the world were placed on Christ will occur.
This darkness covers the world and allows the whole world be it normally daytime or night to see the Lord returning in
His glory as the light of the world. Isaiah 13:9,10, Ezekiel 32:7,8, Joel 3:15, Amos 5:18, Zechariah 14:6, Matthew 24:29,
Luke 21:25-27, Revelation 6:12. This allows for the fulfilment of Revelation 1:7
11 And the LORD shall utter his voice before his army: for his camp is very great: for he is strong that executeth
his word: for the day of the LORD is great and very terrible; and who can abide it?
Here we have the turning of the tide in the Armageddon campaign. With the phrase “The Lord shall utter his voice” is
related to the fact that the Lord Jesus Christ will undertake all of the fighting in the defeat of the heathen armies which
will be destroyed by the word of the Lord.
Even though the armies which follow Christ are enormous comprising all the Church age saints it is the supreme
strength of the Lord Jesus Christ which resolves the battle. This is a day of great slaughter. Revelation 19. The only
ones who can abide it are the believing remnant, all others are despatched in the greatest battlefield slaughter the world
has ever seen.
We note that this army is unusual because the leader of the army is actually leading the army rather than directing the
army from a secure rearward position.
ARMAGEDDON AND THE VICTORY OF THE LORD JESUS CHRIST
The word Armageddon is known throughout the world as a place of ultimate disaster as far as war is concerned. In a
similar way to Biblical phrases such as the “writing on the wall”, the “casting of the first stone” the word Armageddon is
synonymous with disaster. What is Armageddon, where is it, what is it all about?
Like so much of great importance in today’s world it is centred on the small country of Israel, the piece of real estate
which God promised to the Jews in Genesis 15:18. This promise or the Palestinian Covenant was an unconditional
covenant made by God. It has never been fulfilled but will be in the future during the reign of the Lord Jesus Christ during
the Millennium when He will also fulfil the Davidic Covenant to Israel.
Armageddon represents mans last attempt to thwart the plan of God and will occur in the Great Tribulation which
immediately precedes His return in glory to set up His kingdom on earth.
Revelation 16:12-16 is the only passage in which the word Armageddon is mentioned. It deals with the penultimate of the
bowl judgments. It states “12 And the sixth angel poured out his vial upon the great river Euphrates; and the
water thereof was dried up, that the way of the kings of the east might be prepared. 13 And I saw three unclean
spirits like frogs come out of the mouth of the dragon, and out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth
of the false prophet. 14 For they are the spirits of devils, working miracles, which go forth unto the kings of the
earth and of the whole world, to gather them to the battle of that great day of God Almighty. 15 Behold, I come
as a thief. Blessed is he that watcheth, and keepeth his garments, lest he walk naked, and they see his shame.
16 And he gathered them together into a place called in the Hebrew tongue Armageddon.
In this passage we see all the armies of the world being gathered to the battle of the great day of God Almighty. The
Greek word for “battle” is POLEMOS rather than MACHE indicating that this is part of a campaign
In verse 12 we see that to facilitate access for the eastern armies the Euphrates is dried up.
In verse 13 and 14 we see that the means of enticing the armies into the Middle East is very strong demonic deception.
With this level of demonic activity it is clear that Satan who knows that his time is short wants to get all the armies of the
world into this arena in order to eliminate the Jews for if all the Jews can be eliminated the unconditional covenants
cannot be fulfilled.
In verse 15 we see that this development will come unexpectedly and that the closest of walks with God is essential.
JOEL 35
The final verse in this passage shows where this is going to occur – Armageddon. Armageddon is derived from the
Hebrew Har Megiddo meaning the hill or city of Megiddo which was on the southern rim of the Plain of Esdraelon.
Megiddo is situated about 100 kilometres north of Jerusalem
It was famous for two great victories , those of Barak and Deborah over the Canaanites in Judges 4:15 and Gideon over
the Midianites in Judges 7. There were also two kings killed here Saul in the battle of Gilboa in 1 Samuel 31:8 and Josiah
at the hands of Pharaoh Necho in 2 Kings 23:29-30, 2 Chronicles 35:22.
In the early 19th century Napoleon Bonaparte on seeing it remarked that all the armies of the world could manoeuvre in
such a place.
WHO ARE INVOLVED?
There are four groups that are involved with the campaign
[a] The King of the North - Daniel 11:40-44
[b] The King of the East – Revelation 16:12 [see above]
[c] The King of the South - Daniel 11:40
[d] The Antichrist based in Rome – Daniel 11:35-44
DANIEL 11:36-44
All the events described in Daniel 11 prior to this section have dealt with past events. They have mostly dealt with the
intricacies of the relationship between Ptolemy’s dynasty of Egypt and that of Seluchus the two long term lines that came
out of the battle for Alexander’s Empire by his surviving generals
We are now introduced to the world ruler in verse 36-45 who is designated as the king.
36 And the king shall do according to his will [ The world ruler can do this as a world ruler he has to please no one
but himself] ; and he shall exalt himself, and magnify himself above every god,[He also takes on absolute power in
the religious realm 2 Thessalonians 2:4] and shall speak marvellous things against the God of gods, [He
blasphemes against God Daniel 7:25] and shall prosper [the world will be persuaded to worship him by the miracles the
false prophet will perform in his name Revelation 13:11-15] till the indignation be accomplished:[His evil work was
known by God and is used for His plan] for that that is determined shall be done. [The length of his successful reign is
determined by God]
37 Neither shall he regard the God of his fathers, nor the desire of women, nor regard any god: for he shall
magnify himself above all. [He sets aside any religious heritage, any relationship with women in order to promote
himself as god himself]
38 But in his estate shall he honour the God of forces: [He will promote military forces] and a god whom his
fathers knew not shall he honour with gold, and silver, and with precious stones, and pleasant things. [Here as
Satan’s man Satan rewards him with great riches]
39 Thus shall he do in the most strong holds with a strange god, whom he shall acknowledge and increase with
glory: and he shall cause them to rule over many, and shall divide the land for gain. [With leaders around the world
through Satanic intrigue the world is divided]
40 And at the time of the end [The end of the Jewish age just before the Second Advent of Christ] shall the king of
the south [Pan Arabic group] push at him: and the king of the north [Northern confederation of Russia, Iran etc ] shall
come against him like a whirlwind, with chariots, and with horsemen, and with many ships; and he shall enter
into the countries, and shall overflow and pass over. [Therefore the northern and southern confederation will fight
against the Antichrist]
41 He shall enter also into the glorious land,[The King of the North now moves his forces into Israel and he conquers
and subdues much of the Middle East] and many countries shall be overthrown: but these shall escape out of his
hand, even Edom, and Moab, and the chief of the children of Ammon.[These are the areas reserved by God for the
fleeing remnant of the Jews to protect them in the 2nd half of the Tribulation]
42 He shall stretch forth his hand also upon the countries: and the land of Egypt shall not escape. 43 But he
shall have power over the treasures of gold and of silver, and over all the precious things of Egypt: and the
Libyans and the Ethiopians shall be at his steps. [He attacks Egypt and the King of the South who initiated the
problems and conquers them and approaches both Ethiopia and Libya in a southern and western penetration]
JOEL 36
44 But tidings out of the east and out of the north shall trouble him: therefore he shall go forth with great fury to
destroy, and utterly to make away many. [While he is dealing with the problems in the south he hears of the Eastern
Armies crossing the Euphrates and problems in the North, the World Leader getting active and returns to Israel]
45 And he shall plant the tabernacles of his palace [His army headquarters] between the seas [Mediterranean and
Galilee] in the glorious holy mountain; [Mount Zion near to Jerusalem] yet he shall come to his end, and none shall
help him.
We need to remember that the World Leader has been under a cloak of darkness due to the 5th bowl judgment in
Revelation 16:10-11 “And the fifth angel poured out his vial upon the seat of the beast; and his kingdom was full
of darkness; and they gnawed their tongues for pain, 11 And blasphemed the God of heaven because of their
pains and their sores, and repented not of their deeds.” and that the King of the North has taken advantage of that
to make an attack southwards against the southern ruler.
FINAL JUDGMENT
The final judgment is the 7th bowl with great tectonic changes to the earth announcing the return of Christ as Judge and
King – Revelation 16:17-21
17 “And the seventh angel poured out his vial into the air; and there came a great voice out of the temple of
heaven, from the throne, saying, It is done. 18 And there were voices, and thunders, and lightnings; and there
was a great earthquake, such as was not since men were upon the earth, so mighty an earthquake, and so great.
19 And the great city was divided into three parts, and the cities of the nations fell: and great Babylon came in
remembrance before God, to give unto her the cup of the wine of the fierceness of his wrath. 20 And every
island fled away, and the mountains were not found. 21 And there fell upon men a great hail out of heaven,
every stone about the weight of a talent: and men blasphemed God because of the plague of the hail; for the
plague thereof was exceeding great.
APPLICATION
We need to warn people of the future history of the world based on Biblical prophecy. We need so to speak sound the
rams horn
A successful army is always a well trained and highly disciplined army. It is normally impossible to take strategic
defended locations without being well trained and disciplined
The way that a well disciplined army superior in numbers can be destroyed is when God intervenes such as in the
destruction of the Assyrian Empire army besieging Jerusalem under Sennacherib where 185,000 troops were eliminated
overnight and in the defeat of the heathen attackers at the Second Advent when Christ intervenes. Revelation 19
Christ can deal with a humanly hopeless situation. We need to thank God daily that we as individuals and as a nation
exist by His grace.
When a person or nation suffers a catastrophe it should wake them up to consider accepting the Lord Jesus Christ as
Saviour. Solutions to catastrophes and its sufferings is through God alone.
PROPHECIES
DESERT TO BLOOM
PROPHECY
Isaiah 35:1 (713 BC): The wilderness and the solitary place shall be glad for them; and the
desert shall rejoice, and blossom as the rose.
OBSERVATION
1. In the desert areas of the Negev, towns and agricultural villages are growing rapidly. The Jews have become known
world-wide for their skills in converting desert areas back to useful production.
2. The Israelis have nearly tripled their total cropland since 1948 by draining swamps, expanding irrigation, and ending
soil erosion.
EXPORT OF FRUIT
JOEL 37
PROPHECY
Isaiah 27:6 (712BC): He shall cause them that come of Jacob to take root: Israel shall blossom
and bud, and fill the face of the world with fruit.
OBSERVATION
By the early 1980s Israel had hundreds of agricultural settlements. Citrus fruit growing had become a major business,
with exports over $110million per annum.
Citrus fruit from Israel was on sale in many European countries as well as the United States. Israel was, therefore,
starting to "fill the face of the world with fruit".
RE-AFFORESTATION OF ISRAEL
PROPHECY
Ezekiel 36:8,9 (587 BC): But ye, O mountains of Israel, ye shall shoot forth your branches, and
yield your fruit to my people of Israel; for they are at hand to come. 9 For, behold, I
am for you, and I will turn unto you, and ye shall be tilled and sown:
PROPHECY
Isaiah 4l:19,20 (712BC): I will plant in the wilderness the cedar, the shittah tree, and the
myrtle, and the oil tree; I will set in the desert the fir tree, and the pine, and the
box tree together: 20 That they may see, and know, and consider, and understand
together, that the hand of the LORD hath done this, and the Holy One of Israel hath
created it.
OBSERVATION
In the first 25 years of modern Israel's nationhood, over 100 million trees have been planted. Every week tree planting
ceremonies take place in which tourists are invited to participate at $3 a sapling.
DOCTRINES
JERUSALEM
1. Jerusalem is the Holy City of three monotheistic faiths.
a) JUDAISM: Jerusalem has always been the focus of the Jewish homeland as it was the capital of the first Jewish
kingdom. The Western Wall (the Wailing Wall) is a remnant of the great temple, built by King Herod and is the most
sacred of all Jewish shrines.
b) CHRISTIANITY: For Christians, Jerusalem is the site of Jesus Christ's last days on earth. It is the place of His trial
and crucifixion, and also of His resurrection.
c) ISLAM: The Arabs call Jerusalem "Al Quds", which means "The Noble (or Holy) Sanctuary". After Mecca and Medina,
it is the holiest city in the Muslim world. On the place where the Temple stood now stands the Dome of the Rock (or
mosque of Omar). It is built over a rock from where Mohammed is said to have ascended to Heaven.
2. The name 'Jerusalem' is sometimes abbreviated to "Salem" which is the Hebrew word for peace (Genesis 14:18;
Psalm 76:2). Jerusalem means "City of Peace" (Psalm 122:6,7; Isaiah 66:12; Haggai 2:9).
3. It was the city of Melchizedek (Genesis 14:18).
4. Although the Israelites captured its "suburbs", they never took the citadel of Mount Zion (Judges 1:8,21 ; 19:12;
Joshua 15:63). This fortress was called Jebus, after its inhabitants the Jebusites, descendants of Hittites and Amorites
(Ezekiel 16:3). It was finally taken by King David and renamed City of David (2 Samuel 5:6-9).
5. It was a suitable place for a capital as it had not played a role in the history of any of the tribes and was not in any of
the tribes' territory, but on the boundary between Benjamin and Judah (Joshua 15:8; 18:16).
6. It was a strong fortress and had its own water supply in the spring Gihon. This could be reached from the city through
a tunnel (2 Samuel 5:8), later improved by King Hezekiah (2 Kings 20:20; 2 Chronicles 32:30).
JOEL 38
7. The real spiritual meaning of Jerusalem began when King David brought the Ark of the Covenant to the City of David
on Mount Zion (2 Samuel 6:16). Zion became synonymous with Jerusalem as the place where God dwelt among His
people. (Psalms 48:1-3; 50:2; 87:2,3; 132:13,14; 137:5,6; 1 Kings 12:26-28)
8. Jerusalem the "City of Peace", was the scene of many battles and it changed hands many times during its 4,000 year
history. Since 1967 it has been back in Jewish hands. (Luke 21:24)
9. ITS FUTURE:
a) A new temple is to be built on the old temple site. The Antichrist will enter this temple to declare himself God.
(2Thessalonians 2:4)
b) The armies of all nations will be drawn against her. Its inhabitants will suffer terribly but they will be delivered by the
Lord. (Zechariah 14:1-9)
c) The Lord will enter the city through the East Gate (Golden Gate) which, at present, is bricked in. (Ezekiel 44:1,2;
Psalm 24:7-9)
d) Jerusalem will be the capital during the Millennium. (Zechariah 2:10-13; 8:22; Isaiah 2:3,4)
e) But this Jerusalem is only a shadow of things to come. (Hebrews 11:10,16). After the Millennium there will be a new
Jerusalem coming down out of heaven. (Hebrews 12:22; Galatians 4:26; Revelation 3:12; 21:2,10).
ZION
1. Zion occurs over 150 times in the Old Testament, appearing primarily in the Psalms, Lamentations and Isaiah. It was
the ancient Jebusite stronghold in Jerusalem (2 Sam 5:7). David captured this city in the 11th century BC.
2. In the Old Testament Zion is used for the temple hill:

a) City of the great King (Psalm 46:4; 48:2)
b) a holy hill (Zech 8:3; Psalm 2:6)
c) the place of God's abode (Psalm 9:11; 132:13)
d) His sanctuary (Psalm 20:2)
e) the goal of pilgrimage (Psalm 84:5,7)
f) the place of deliverance and salvation (Psalm 20:2; 69:35)
g) the place of praise and worship (Psalm 9:14; 65:1 ).
3. Zion is also used for Jerusalem: (Isaiah 40:9; Micah 3:12)

a) Mountains of Zion (Psalm 133:3)
b) Sons of Zion (Lamentations 4:2)
c) Daughters of Zion (Song of Solomon 3:11; Isaiah 10:32)
d) Inhabitants of Zion (Jeremiah 51:35)
e) Fortified city (Jeremiah 4:5,6; Lamentations 5:11).
4. Zion is known as the land of Judah and the nation Israel when the nation went into exile:
a) The nation in exile (Zechariah 2:7)
b) The land (Psalm 126:1 cf. Jeremiah 50:5)
c) Daughters of Zion as the nation (Jeremiah 6:23; Jeremiah 4:31)
d) The sons of Zion as the nation (Zechariah 9:13).
5. In the New Testament Zion is used for:

a) New Jerusalem (Hebrews 12:22-24)
b) Israel (Romans 11:26-27; Romans 9:33; 1 Peter 2:6)
c) Millennial capital (Romans 11:26)
d) Jerusalem (Matthew 21:5; John 12:15)
e) The mountain on which Jesus will stand in triumph at the Second Advent (Revelations 14:1) and from which He will go
forth to rule forever (Romans 11:26).
CHRIST: FIRST AND SECOND ADVENTS
1. Old Testament saints had difficulty in distinguishing between the two advents of Christ. (1 Peter 1:10,11)
2. Old Testament prophecy has Christ coming as a gentle lamb led to the slaughter. (Isaiah 53:7)
3. Old Testament prophecy has Christ coming as the conquering King and Lion of the tribe of Judah. (Isaiah 11:1-12)
JOEL 39
4. Jesus commenced his ministry announcing the Kingdom of Heaven is at hand. (Matthew 4:17) This connects the first
and second advents.
5. Old Testament Prophecy showed that the Messiah would:-

a) be born of a virgin. (Isaiah 7:14)
b) be of the tribe of Judah. (Genesis 49:10)
c) be of the house of David. (Isaiah 11:1, Jeremiah 33:21)
d) die as a sacrifice. (Isaiah 53:1-12)
e) be crucified. (Psalm 22:1-21)
f) be resurrected from the dead. (Psalm 16:8-11)
g) return to earth at his second advent. (Zechariah 8:3)
h) be seated at the right hand of God. (Psalm 110:1)
6. It should be noted that the return of Christ for the Church (the Rapture) as given in (1 Thessalonians 4:14-18) was not
revealed in the Old Testament - it is a mystery doctrine of the Church (Colossians 3:4-6)
7. The day of the Second Advent is characterised by supernatural darkness

a) When Christ returns every eye shall see him (Matthew 24:29-30) Christ is the light of the world and he will return to a
world covered in darkness (symbolic of sin).
b) The darkness is similar to the darkness of the day of our Lord's crucifixion which hid the Lord Jesus Christ from man's
sight whilst he was bearing our sins. (Mark 15:33)
c) The Second Advent delivers the Jewish believers besieged in Jerusalem by the King of the North. (Daniel 11,
Zechariah 12:1-3, 14:1-4)
d) Other passages indicating that the day of the Second Advent is a day of total darkness on the earth. (Isaiah 13:9-10,
Ezekiel 32:7-8, Joel 2:10-11, Joel 3:14-15, Amos 5:18, Zechariah 14:6, Matthew 24:29-30, Luke 21:25-27, Revelation
6:12-17)
8. Heralds of the Two Advents of Christ

A herald is a person who preceded' a King in ancient times to announce his arrival. The King that we study is the Lord
Jesus Christ.
a) First Advent
i) Human herald - John the Baptist (Matthew 3)
ii) Angelic heralds - Angels (Luke 2:1-15)
b) Second Advent
i) Human heralds - Moses, Elijah (Revelation 11)
ii) Angelic herald - The mighty angel (Revelation 10)
JOEL 2:12-17
12 Therefore also now, saith the LORD, turn ye even to me with all your heart, and with fasting, and with
weeping, and with mourning: 13 And rend your heart, and not your garments, and turn unto the LORD your God:
for he is gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness, and repenteth him of the evil. 14 Who
knoweth if he will return and repent, and leave a blessing behind him; even a meat offering and a drink offering
unto the LORD your God? 15 Blow the trumpet in Zion, sanctify a fast, call a solemn assembly: 16 Gather the
people, sanctify the congregation, assemble the elders, gather the children, and those that suck the breasts: let
the bridegroom go forth of his chamber, and the bride out of her closet. 17 Let the priests, the ministers of the
LORD, weep between the porch and the altar, and let them say, Spare thy people, O LORD, and give not thine
heritage to reproach, that the heathen should rule over them: wherefore should they say among the people,
Where is their God?
KEY WORDS
Saith Neum Say, Saith

Turn Shub Turn Back
All Kol All
Heart Lebab Heart
Fasting Tsom Fast, Fasting
Weeping Bekiy Overflowing, Weeping
Mourning Misped Lamentation, Mourning
Rend Qara Rend, Tear
Garments Beged Covering, Apparel, Garment
God Elohim God
Is - Not found in the original
Gracious Channun Gracious
Merciful Rachum Full of compassion, Merciful
Slow Arek Patient, Slow
JOEL 40
Anger Aph Wrath
Great Reb Great
Kindness Chesed Kindness
Repenteth Nacham Repent
Evil Raah Bad, Evil
Knoweth Yada Know
Return Shub Turn round, Return
Leave Shaar Leave
Blessing Berachah Blessing
Behind Achar Behind
Meat Offering Minchah Gift, Meat Offering, Sacrifice
Drink Offering Nesek Drink Offering
Blow Taqa Sound, Blow
Trumpet Shophar Trumpet, Rams horn
Sanctify Qadash Sanctify, Pronounce as clean
Call Qara Call, Proclaim
Solemn assembly Atsarah Solemn Assembly,
Gather Asaph Gather , Assemble
People Am People
Congregation Qahal Congregation
Assemble Qabas Collect, Assemble
Elders Zaqen Elder, Aged
Children Olel Child, Baby, Little one
Suck Yanaq Suck
Breasts Shad Breast
Bridegroom Chathan Bridegroom, Son in law
Go forth Yatsa Go
Chamber Cheder Apartment
Bride Kallal Bride, Daughter in law
Closet Chuppah Canopy, Chamber
Ministers Sharath Minister
Porch Ulam Porch
Altar Mizbeach Altar
Say Amar Say
Spare Chus Be compassionate, Spare, Show mercy
Give Nathan Give
Heritage Nachalah Heritage, Inheritance
Reproach Cherpah Disgrace, Reproach
Heathen Goy Heathen, Gentiles
Rule Mashal Rule
12 Therefore also now, saith the LORD, turn ye even to me with all your heart, and with fasting, and with
weeping, and with mourning: 13 And rend your heart, and not your garments, and turn unto the LORD your God:
for he is gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness, and repenteth him of the evil.
The Lord pleads with the Jews to turn to Him and accept Him for whom He is with all your heart. The word heart here
means your mentality and will. In the Jewish Age repentance was accompanied by a number of overt acts, fasting,
weeping and mourning.
Fasting involved the setting aside of normal legitimate activities in life and using the time for Bible study and prayer. An
example of this would be Isaiah giving bible studies in Jerusalem while the Assyrian hordes under Sennacherib were
approaching and besieging Jerusalem. This fasting was successful and God destroyed the Assyrian army overnight and
saved Jerusalem.
Weeping is generally shown as negative in the Scripture. This weeping is paralleled in Zechariah 12:11-14 where it is a
manifestation of faith. Mourning reflects the awareness of what the unbeliever has missed out on in the time before
salvation. This is going to be the reaction also of those who could have been in the Rapture of the Church but as
unbelievers who had heard the gospel they mourn.
Often as a sign of great anguish or frustration a person would tear their clothes. The Lord says that it is the internal
attitude of the person rather than the outward display of sorrow that He is looking for. The rending of the garments could
also be an emotional response, the Lord is looking for repentance rather than an emotional outburst. As the Tribulation is
a time of unremitting catastrophes sublimation will be at an all time high including drugs and the search for happiness.
JOEL 41
Some of the characteristics of God is now given with Him being gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and of great
kindness. God’s plan is one of grace. In eternity past looking down the corridors of time God knew that His relationship
with man would need to be on the basis of grace. Mercy is the other side of the coin which is how His plan works in time
as it represents grace in action.
As a result of his gracious nature the Lord is patient with us and treats us in loving kindness. These are also
characteristics of the fruit of the Spirit in Galatians 5:22,23
Because of the justice and righteousness of God He must judge evil but through grace and our acceptance of it by
believing in Christ He is able to treat us in love. Repent in this verse ascribes to God a human characteristic which He
does not have so that we can understand the options of His attitude between salvation and unbelief, that He has found a
way. God of course knows everything in time both past, present and future.
14 Who knoweth if he will return and repent, and leave a blessing behind him; even a meat offering and a drink
offering unto the LORD your God?
In the phrase “Who knoweth if he will return ” the word if does not occur in the original. As the Jews were well aware that
the Lord would return this phrase acknowledges that He will return but we do not know when. It can there be rephrased
as “Who knoweth when he will return”.
The words “and repent” deals with the next stage in the Plan of God for the Jews. Up to the Second Advent of Christ the
Jews are in dispersion into which they were sent by the Lord in AD 70. On His return the Lord will whistle for his people
and they will all return to the Land where He will rule over them as King of the Jews.
“And leaving a blessing behind” means to leave a gift which is not earned or deserved by the recipient. What is this
blessing, it is the blessing of the Millennium. The response of the Jews who are no longer under dispersion is to offer
meat and drink offerings in the newly built Millennial temple Ezekiel chapters 40-48. These offerings are similar to our
Lord’s Table or Communion looking back as we do to the Cross and celebrating the One who is on the throne in
Jerusalem.
15 Blow the trumpet in Zion, sanctify a fast, call a solemn assembly: 16 Gather the people, sanctify the
congregation, assemble the elders, gather the children, and those that suck the breasts: let the bridegroom go
forth of his chamber, and the bride out of her closet.
It should be noted that in verse 15 that the instrument being blown is not the rams horn but a metal trumpet for
assembling the people although the same Hebrew word Shophar is used for both. This section of the Scriptures deal
with the Millennium which commences with the Second Advent of Christ immediately after the Tribulation. In verses 15
and 16 we have the regathering of Israel.
The Jews went into dispersion in August of 70 AD when Titus took Jerusalem. It will not be until the Second Advent of
Christ that all the Jews will be brought back into the Land. At that time the four unconditional covenants, the Abrahamic,
Palestinian, Davidic and New Covenants, will be fulfilled. These covenants are a tremendous example of the faithfulness
of God to a future group of people.
Zion is the northern escarpment of Jerusalem. The sanctifying of a fast is to establish a special worship service. The
solemn assembly is a group of believing Jews who institute an assembly after the restoration of the Jews in Israel. The
great celebration is remembering who the Lord is and what he has done for them.
In verse 16 we note that everyone is to come to the celebration ranging from the elders or leaders of Israel who have to
stop ruling the country for a short while, the children which means that the schools close down, the babies showing that
the fact you have babies at home does not keep you from the party and the newly weds. Here we see that the
Millennium will be populated by adult believers and those who have not reached the age of accountability plus
unbelievers who will be cast off the earth at the Second Advent.
17 Let the priests, the ministers of the LORD, weep between the porch and the altar, and let them say, Spare thy
people, O LORD, and give not thine heritage to reproach, that the heathen should rule over them: wherefore
should they say among the people, Where is their God?
Weeping between the porch and the altar has to do with disaster. In Joel’s case it was the Assyrian invasion. The call
here is to prayer. The prayer is to bring their country out of disaster, a prayer at the time of public calamity. The porch in
Solomon’s Temple which was standing at this time was the place of prayer.
Spare thy people is to have pity or compassion. It appeals to grace. The verb chus translated spare is in the kal
imperative. It is in fact demanding God to spare His people so that His heritage is not brought into disrepute and subject
to the heathen who are going to then ridicule the concept of God because of His heritage’s observed weakness. They
are going to say where are the promises and covenant of your God
JOEL 42
APPLICATION
As Christians we can regret the wasted years, those years prior to conversion or prior to becoming an active Christian
which have been frittered away on the inconsequential. Often this is a spur to stimulate work for the Lord in order to
“make up” for lost time.
Irrespective of what your personal problems or heartaches in life might be God has a personal interest in you in His love.
If He is gracious in eternity past and He is merciful in time and He has loving kindness towards us we have never got a
problem which is too great for Him.
The plan of God for our lives should be the pre-eminent focus in our life. When the Lord invites us to do specific work for
Him we should do it.
DOCTRINES
EVANGELISM IN THE TRIBULATION
1. This will be the period of the most concentrated time of evangelism on the earth.
2. There are four ways of evangelism in the Tribulation
[a] The 144,000 Jewish witnesses - Revelation 7:1-8

[b] The personal witnessing of their converts - Revelation 14:12,13
[c] Moses and Elijah return and are the two witnesses in Jerusalem - Revelation 11: 1-14
[d] The mighty angel who brings the gospel to the whole world – Revelation 14:6-7
HEART
1. The Bible refers to the heart as the seat of consciousness in the soul. The word heart in the Bible refers in general to
the mind as there is no understanding available to the physical pump although it is seen as the centre of life.
The brain in the ancient world was divided into two the mind [nous] and the heart [kardia] with academic understanding
coming from the mind and its application from the heart. The heart is therefore related to the will.
A parallel system would be gnosis or knowledge and epignosis working knowledge where the knowledge or
understanding is put into effect either for good or bad.
2. There is no emotional reference when the heart is noted. Proverbs 2:2, 10, 15:14, 23:10, 1 Samuel 16:7, Genesis
6:5. Emotional reference is often called bowels in the Bible
3. Doctrines are stored in the heart Deuteronomy 29: 4 Proverbs 2:2, 10:18, Psalms 119:11, 19:14, Job 38:36.
4. Negative attitudes of the Heart'

a) the heart can become "hardened" to the things of God Proverbs 5:12, 13, 10:6, 11, 13
b) it is the source of discord - Proverbs 6 :14, 18
c) it can be subtle and evil - Proverbs 7:10
d) hatred comes from the heart - 2 Samuel 6:16
e) disappointment is there - Proverbs 14 :12
f) mental sins are there - Proverbs 14:10-16, Isaiah 47: 10
g) we turn away from God first in our heart - Jeremiah 17:5, 9, Zechariah 7:12
h) hypocrisy is in some hearts - Job 36:13
5. The Lord tests our hearts to see if we are true. Psalm 26:2, Jeremiah 11:20, 17:10, 20:12.
GRACE
1. Grace is all that God is free to do for man on the basis of the cross. Therefore Grace is unmerited favour from God.
2. Grace depends on the character of God therefore Grace depends on who and what God is. Grace is what God can do
for man and still be true to his own character.
3. The believer must recognise the difference between legalism and grace. Legalism is man's work intruding upon the
plan of God.
JOEL 43
4. The greatest thing God can do for the saved person is to make him exactly like His Son Jesus Christ. This is
accomplished in three stages of sanctification.
5. Positional Sanctification: At Salvation every believer enters into union with Christ. (Hebrews 1:2) Jesus Christ is
seated at the right hand of the Father and is therefore superior to all angels in his humanity. At the point of salvation we
are entered into union with Christ thus we are positionally higher than angels. We are positionally seated with Christ at
God's right hand.
6. Experiential Sanctification: During the Christian's life on the earth the time spent under the power of the Holy Spirit.
During this time we produce the character of God in our lives - gold, silver, precious stones. (1 Corinthians 3:12-15)
7. Ultimate Sanctification: When the believer receives a resurrection body he loses the sin nature and all human good.
At this point the believer is physically superior to all angels. He remains in this perfect state eternally.
8. All believers have tasted of Grace at least once (1 Peter 2:3). This refers to the point of Salvation at which the believer
receives at least 34 things which he did not earn or deserve. (Ephesians 2:8, 9) Disorientation to grace is the believer's
greatest occupational hazard in his Christian life. (Galatians 5:4, Hebrews 12:15)
9. The divine attitude to grace is expressed in (Isaiah 30:18, 19) God is constantly waiting to pour out his blessing on all
believers in the Christian life.
10. Grace in salvation is expressed in many ways. It is always the same - believing in Jesus Christ (Psalm 103:8-12,
Romans 3:23-4, Romans 4:4, 5:20, Ephesians 2:8, 9)
11. There are many ways in which the Christian life expresses GRACE:
a) Prayer (Hebrews 4:16)
b) Suffering (2 Corinthians 12:9, 10)
c) Growth (2 Peter 3:18)
d) Stability (1 Peter 5:12)
e) Lifestyle (Hebrews 12:28, 2 Corinthians 1:12)
f) Production of Divine Good (1 Corinthians 15:10, 2 Corinthians 6:1
12. Grace is the correct attitude in relation to giving. (2 Corinthians 8 & 9)
13. Grace is the only means of coping with suffering in the Christian life. (2 Corinthians 12:7-10) Through Grace God is
able to bless the believer in the midst of the pressures and adversities of life. (1 Peter 1:6,7)
14. Implications of grace:

a) God is perfect, his plan is perfect.
b) A perfect plan can only originate from a perfect God.
c) If man could do anything in the plan of God the plan would no longer be perfect.
d) A plan is no stronger than its weakest link. Grace therefore excludes all human merit, all human ability.
e) Legalism, human works is the enemy of Grace.
f) The works of human righteousness have therefore no place in the plan of God. (Isaiah 64:6)
MERCY
1. The Hebrew and Greek words for mercy carry the meanings of, gentleness, tenderness, and compassion towards
others.
2. It is not a passive concern but an active one that works out to help the one in need of love and concern.
3. God is merciful towards us all. Exodus 33:19, Romans 9:15, Isaiah 13:18, Jeremiah 6:23, 21:7, cf 1 Kings 8:50,
Jeremiah 3:13, 42:12
4. God is rich in mercy towards us. Ephesians 2:4, James 5:11, 1 Timothy 1:2, 2 Timothy 1:2, Titus 3:5, 1 Peter 1:3.
5. People appealed to the Lord on the basis of his mercy towards the weak and needy. Matthew 9:27, 15:22, 17:15,
20:30, Mark 10:47, 48, Luke 17:13, 18:38, 39.
6. The good Samaritan's acts were praised by the Lord as acts of mercy. Luke 10:37
7. When the rich man appealed to Abraham in the story of Dives, he appealed on the basis of mercy Luke 16:24.
8. As we are recipients of mercy so we must be merciful to others. Zechariah 7:9, 10, Luke 1:50.
9. Grace gives us that (blessing) which we don't deserve; mercy withholds that (judgment) which we do deserve.
JOEL 44
GOD: CHARACTER OF GOD
1. Whilst God is three persons all three persons have exactly the same essence or character:
a) SOVEREIGNTY
The Father (Ephesians 1:11 , cf Isaiah 40:8, Matthew 6:10, Hebrews 10:7, 9)
The Son (John 5:21, Revelation 19:16)
The Spirit (1 Corinthians 12:11 , cf Hebrews 2:4)
b) RIGHTEOUSNESS
The Father (John 17:25)
The Son (Luke 1:35, Hebrews 7:26, 2 Corinthians 5:21)
The Spirit The Holy Spirit
c) JUSTICE
The Father (Job 37:23, cf 8:3)
The Son (Acts 3:14, John 5:22, Revelation 19:11
The Spirit (Nehemiah 9:20)
d) LOVE
The Son (Ephesians 5:25, 1 John 3:16)
The Spirit (John 16:7-11, 1 Corinthians 2:10)
e) ETERNAL LIFE
The Son (Micah 5:2, cf John 1:1-2, 1 John 5:11
The Spirit (Isaiah 48:16)
f) ALL-KNOWING
The Father (Hebrews 4:13, cf Matthew 11:27, 1 Peter 1:2)
The Son (John 18:4, cf Matthew 9:4, John 2:25, 1 Corinthians 4:5)
The Spirit (Isaiah 11:2, cf 1 Corinthians 2:11
g) EVERYWHERE
The Father (2 Chronicles 2:6)
The Son (Matthew 28:20, cf Ephesians 1:23)
The Spirit (Psalm 139:7)
h) ALL-POWERFUL
The Father (Mark 14:36, cf 1 Peter 1:5)
The Son (Hebrews 1:3, cf Matthew 24:30, 2 Corinthians 12:9, Philippians 3:21)
The Spirit (Romans 15:19)
i) UNCHANGEABLE
The Father (Hebrews 6:17, Psalm 33:11)
The Son (Hebrews 13:8)
The Spirit (John 14:16)
j) TRUTH
The Father (John 7:28, John 17:3)
The Son (1 John 5:20, cf John 1:14, 14:6, Revelation 19:11)
The Spirit (1 John 5:6, cf John 14:17, 15:26, 16:13)
GOD: COMFORT FOR BELIEVERS
1. God is in control. Nothing will ever happen to you as a Christian that you have not had the opportunity to develop
resources to deal with. (1 Corinthians 10:13)
2. God's character is stable.

(a) if God is for you who can be against you. (Romans 8:31-34)
(b) no matter what happens God's love is stable. (Romans 8:35-39)
3. God's promises are secure for he is always with us. (Matthew 28:19-20, Jeremiah 1:19)
4. God's power is always the same:-

(a) He will always keep us. (John 10:29, 2 Timothy 1:12,)
JOEL 45
(b) God does not forget us or loose His power to keep. (Jude 24)
(c) Even if we fall away from fellowship we still are saved. (2 Timothy 2:13)
5. God knew before time what we would need in time and has provided for the supply of all our needs. (Philippians 4:19,
Hebrews 4:16, Ephesians 3:12,)
6. God has the power to bless us. (2 Corinthians 9:8)
7. God is able to make all grace abound towards us. (Ephesians 3:20)
8. We should grow to the place of real confidence and blessing. (2 Peter 3:18)
9. We do this by feeding on His Word. (John 6:29, 33, 63)
CHRISTIAN LIFE: PRAYER
1. We may know the provision of God but we must communicate with Him in order to obtain this provision.
a) Prayer is the believer's means of communicating with God.

b) The Bible is God's way of communicating with man.
2. Promises Involving Prayer
a) Matthew 21:22 We should ask believing.

b) Matthew 18:19 The power of corporate prayer.
c) Psalm 116:1, 2 God is always available to hear our prayer.
d) Isaiah 65:24 God will answer while we are yet praying.
e) Matthew 7:7 We are commanded to pray.
f) John 14:13-14 We can ask for anything in His name.
g) Philippians 4:6 The prayer should be with thanksgiving.
h) 1 Thessalonians 5:17 We should pray without ceasing.
i) Hebrews 4:16 We can come boldly to the throne of Grace.
3. Prayer Divided into 4 Segments
a) Confession of sins (1 John 1:9)

b) Thanksgiving (1 Thessalonians 5:18)
c) Intercession for others (Ephesians 6:18)
d) Petitions for one's own needs (Hebrews 4:16)
4. Power of Prayer
a) Individual - Elijah and the burnt offering (1 Kings 18:36-39)

b) Corporate - the release of Peter from prison (Acts 12:1-18)
5. One Prayer that could not be Answered The prayer of our Lord on the Cross (Psalm 22:1-18)
6. To Whom are Prayers Addressed?
a) Directed to the Father - (Matthew 6:5-9)

b) In the name of the Son - (Hebrews 7:25)
c) In the power of the Spirit - (Romans 8:26-27)
The Son (Jesus) and Spirit are interceding for us.
7. Prayers can be Divided into Petition and Desire
a) Petition - What you ask God for (e.g. a new car).

b) Desire - The desire behind the petition (e.g. happiness because you have a new car).
8. Four Possible Combinations
a) Petition answered - Desire not answered. Psalm 106:15 - The quails of the Exodus generation. 1 Samuel 8:5 - A King
to reign over Israel.
b) Petition not answered - Desire answered. Genesis 18:23 - The preservation of Sodom. 2 Corinthians 12:7 - Removal
of the thorn in Paul's side.
JOEL 46
c) Petition answered - Desire answered. 1 Kings 18:36-37 - Elijah requests fire for the offering. Luke 23:42 -The
penitent thief's prayer. Type c) represents the perfect prayer.
d) Petition not answered - Desire not answered. Type d) unanswered prayer has 8 main reasons which are shown in
paragraph 9.
9. Reasons for Unanswered Prayer
a) Lack of belief (Matthew 21:22)

b) Selfishness (James 4:3)
c) Unconfessed sin (Psalm 66:18)
d) Lack of compassion (Proverbs 21:13)
e) Pride and self righteousness (Job 35:12-13)
f) Lack of filling of the Spirit (Ephesians 6:18)
g) Lack of obedience (1 John 3:22)
h) Not in the Divine will (1 John 5:14)
Most of the reasons for unanswered prayer, is some form of sin in the life, which can be solved by confession of known
sins as per paragraph 3 a) under the concept of 1John 1:9.
10. Intercessory Prayer
a) This is one of the four factors in a prayer, which are:-

i) Confession of sins
ii) Thanksgiving
iii) Intercession
iv) Own needs.
b) The power of intercessory prayer is taught in (1 Kings 18:42-46) the principle being found in (James 5:16-18)
c) The power of prevailing prayer is shown in (Acts 12)
d) The prayer for the unbeliever (Romans 10:1)
e) Prayer for an unknown believer (Colossians 1:3-11)
f) Prayer for the known believer (Ephesians 1:15-23)
GOD: PLAN OF GOD
1. In eternity past, God designed a plan for every believer, which takes into account every event and decision in human
history.
2. The plan centres around the person of Jesus Christ. (1 John 3:23, Ephesians 1:4-6)
3. Entrance into the plan is based on the principle of grace. (Ephesians 2:8, 9) where the sovereignty of God and the free
will of Man meet at the cross. God brings salvation which is complete, Man brings his faith.
4. God's plan was so designed so as to include all events and actions. (1 Peter 1:2)
5. Under his plan God has decreed to do some things directly and some through agencies, Israel, the Church.
6. Without interfering with human free will in any way God has designed a plan so perfect that it includes cause and
effect, as well as provision, preservation and function.
7. There are many functions in the Plan of God. They all constitute one whole comprehensive plan which is perfect,
eternal and unchangeable.
8. The plan of God is consistent with human freedom and does not limit or coerce human free will. Distinction should be
made between what God causes and what God permits. God causes the Cross but permits sin. God is neither the author
of sin nor sponsors sin.
9. His plan portrays that man has free will. God never condones sin in the human race. Man started in perfect
environment and innocence. Man sinned of his own free will. Man will sin in the perfect environment of the Millennium.
10. Distinction should be made between the divine plans which are related to the plan of God and divine laws which
regulate human conduct on the earth. Divine laws occur in time, divine plans occur in eternity.
JOEL 47
11. God's plans derive from His foreknowledge. He recognised in eternity past those things which are certain. The
foreknowledge of God makes no things certain, but only perceives in eternity past those things that are certain.
12. There is a difference between foreknowledge and fore ordination. Fore ordination establishes certainty but does not
provide for the certainty which is established. It is the plan that provides. (Romans 8:29, Acts 2:23, 1 Peter 1:2)
13. Therefore the elect are foreknown and the foreknown are elect. God knew in eternity past what way each free will
would go for each particular problem in life. God does not coerce human free will but he does know what way each
freewill will choose at any given time. As free will decides so God provides.
14. Since God cannot contradict his own character he plans the best for the believer. God is perfect, his plan and
provisions are therefore perfect.
15. The cross was planned in eternity past but the human free will of Christ decided for the cross at Gethsemane.
(Matthew 26:39-42) God has provided salvation through the cross and it is a free will decision as to whether one accepts
it or not.
16. No plan in itself opposes human freedom but once a choice is made from the free will then the plan limits your
human freedom. At the same time it gives you the freedom to love and appreciate God. God lays down the means of
living the Christian life.
EVIL
1. DEFINITION: Evil is Satan's policy in opposition to God's doctrine. Evil is therefore a collection of beliefs and practises
that back up Satan's viewpoint rather than God’s.
2. Evil is not necessarily bad, it is simply a policy that will take you away from the path that God prepared for you.
3. False religion may be very moral and even ascetic (and therefore look "holy"), but if it is leading people away from
God's revealed will it is evil.
4. Often evil can masquerade as "good". People who believe that their "good works" can satisfy God's holy demands are
deceived by evil doctrine. Romans 7:19,20,
5. Only God’s Word, Bible Doctrine can help the believer distinguish between true good and evil, Hebrews 3:13,14.
6. Only a soul saturated in God’s Word is truly protected from the subtlety of Satan's policy of evil. Proverbs 2:10-14, 3:7,
19:23.
7. Only applied knowledge of God's Word negates and neutralises evil. Psalms 54:5, Romans 12:21, Isaiah 45.
8. The issue for the believer is the daily choice to accept God's Word and therefore protect oneself against evil. God
watches for our choices. Proverbs 11:18,19, 22:3, 24:1-4, Ephesians 5:16, 2 Thessalonians 3:2,3.
9. The company of evil people will distort the thinking of the believer and confuse his/her witness. Isaiah 5:20, 1
Corinthians 15:23.
10. There is no evil in God at all. Psalm 5:4, 1 John 1:5, 4:4.
11. God judges evil and will condemn it to the lake of fire for ever at the final judgement. Psalm 34:16, Isaiah 13:11,
Revelation 20:11ff
12. In spite of evil still existing in the world due to Satan's on-going presence throughout the Church Age, the Lord is still
on the throne, and his hand is on all things.
13. Satan only does things by "permission" and we are in the Lord's hands and so are, in Christ, safe. Job 1:6-12,
Proverbs 16:3, 4, Isaiah 45 : 6, 7.
COVENANTS
1. A covenant is a contract or agreement between God and man.
2. Some covenants are unconditional - God will fulfil them, irrespective of man's obedience. Other covenants are
conditional upon man's obedience.
3. Christ is central to all of the covenants in Scripture:
JOEL 48
a) EDENIC - Christ is the second Adam (1 Corinthians 15:45-47).
b) ADAMIC - Christ is the seed of the woman (Genesis 3:15).
c) NOAHIC - Christ is the greatest son of Shem (Luke 3:36; Genesis 9:23-27).
d) ABRAHAMIC - The seed to whom the promises were made (Genesis 22:18).
e) MOSAIC - He fulfilled this covenant (Matthew 5:17).
f) PALESTINIAN - He lived as a Jew in the land and will inherit the land
g) DAVIDIC - Christ is the King of the Jews and will rule forever (Luke 1:31-33; John 19:19-22).
h) NEW - Christ's sacrifice is its foundation and focus in the Millennium (1 Corinthians 11:25).
COVENANT: ABRAHAMIC COVENANT
1. Abrahamic Covenant (Genesis 12:1-3) founds the nation of Israel
2. It is confirmed with Abraham with emphasis on the land (Genesis 13:14-18), the spiritual seed (Genesis 15:1-6) and its
everlasting quality (Genesis 17:6-8).
3. It is an unconditional covenant - God will fulfil it. (God caused Abraham to fall asleep as He ratified the covenant alone
Genesis 15:12-18)
4. The seven-fold covenant (Genesis 12:1-3) is fulfilled as follows:-
a) PROMISE "And I will make of thee a great nation.

FULFILLMENT Jews (Genesis. 13:16; John 8:37), Arabs (Genesis. 17:20), In Christ (Romans 4:16-17, 9:7-8; Galatians
3:7,29).
b) PROMISE "I will bless thee".

FULFILLMENT To Abraham (Genesis 13:14-17, 15:18-21. 24:35), To believers in Christ (Genesis 15:6; John 8:56)
c) PROMISE "And make thy name great.

FULFILLMENT Abraham is renowned, not only in Christianity but also in Judaism and with the Moslems.
d) PROMISE "And thou shalt be a blessing.

FULFILLMENT With the work of fulfilment of Abraham's seed, Jesus Christ, he was a blessing. (Galatians 3:13,14).
e) PROMISE "And I will bless them that bless thee.

FULFILLMENT This is seen in the rise of many nations eg Britain in the 19th century, the rise of the USA.
f) PROMISE "And curse him that curseth thee.
FULFILLMENT The decline of nations such as the Spanish Empire after the Armada, the fall of Nazi Germany, the fall of
the Czars of Russia, the decline of Egypt at the Exodus. Scriptural examples:(Deuteronomy 30:7; Isaiah 14:1-2; Joel 3:1-
8; Micah 5:7-9; Haggai 2:22; Zechariah 14. 1-3; Matthew 25:40-46).
g) PROMISE "In thee shall all the families of the earth be blessed.
FULFILLMENT The whole world can be blessed through Jesus, the son of Abraham. (John 8:56-58; Galatians 3:16).
5. It is clear that the we should support the Jew as it is a sure means of enjoying divine blessing.
COVENANT: PALESTINIAN COVENANT
1. The Palestinian Covenant deals with the Jews controlling an area of land in the Middle East which was unconditionally
given to Abraham. It should be noted that the Jews have never possessed the land as specified, but will do so during the
Millennium. (Deuteronomy 30:1-9, Isaiah 11:10-12, Jeremiah 23:3-8, Ezekiel 37:21-25).
2. The Palestinian Covenant gives:

a) Dispersion for disobedience (v 1) (Deuteronomy 28:63-68).
b) The future repentance of Israel (v 2).
c) The return of the Lord (v 3) (Amos 9:9-14; Acts 15:14-17).
d) Restoration to the land (v 5) (Isaiah 11:11,12; Jeremiah 23:3-8; Ezekiel 37:21-25).
e) National conversion (v 6) (Romans 11:26-27; Joel 2:14-16).
JOEL 49
f) Judgment of Israel's enemies (v 7) Joel 3:1 -8).
g) National prosperity (v 9) (Amos 9:11-15).
3. It is unconditional - God will fulfil it.
COVENANT: DAVIDIC COVENANT
1. Israel will have a king forever 2 Samuel 7:8-17.

a) A descendant of David in the Davidic line (v 12)
b) He will have a kingdom to rule over. (v 12)
c) God will provide a throne. (v 13)
d) The throne will be forever. (vs 13,16)
e) The Davidic Covenant is restated in (v 16)
2. The covenant has one condition - disobedience will be rewarded with discipline but will not cause the cancellation of
the covenant. (2 Samuel 7:15; Psalm 89:20-37)
3. Discipline came with the division of the kingdom under Rehoboam. (1 Kings 12:16-20)
4. Discipline continued with the captivity of Samaria in 721 BC and Judah in 586 BC.
5. Since then the only King of David crowned in Jerusalem has been crowned with a crown of thorns. (Matthew 27:29).
6. The Davidic Covenant was confirmed to Mary. (Luke 1:31-33; Acts 2:29-31).
7. The Davidic Covenant will be fulfilled at the Second Advent of Christ when He will commence His everlasting rule with
the 1,000 year reign of the Millennium. ((Luke 1:32, Acts 2:29-30, Revelation 20:4-6)
COVENANT: NEW COVENANT
1. The New Covenant guarantees eternal blessing under the Abrahamic Covenant (Jeremiah 31:31-37, Hebrews 8:7-9).
2. It is unconditional - God will fulfil it. "I will" (Hebrews 8:10,12) rather than "If ye will" (Exodus 19:5).
3. The New Covenant is said to be better than the Mosaic Covenant. (Hebrews 7:19; Romans 8:3,4).
4. Obedience is from a willing heart (Hebrews 8:10) whilst that for the Mosaic Law was fear (Hebrews 2:2; 12:25-27).
5. In the New Covenant all shall know God, from the least to the greatest (Hebrews 8:11).
6. The sins are forgotten under the New Covenant (Hebrews 8:12).
7. The New Covenant relies on the completed sacrifice of Jesus Christ (Hebrews 9:11-12).
JOEL 2:18-27
18 Then will the LORD be jealous for his land, and pity his people. 19 Yea, the LORD will answer and say unto
his people, Behold, I will send you corn, and wine, and oil, and ye shall be satisfied therewith: and I will no more
make you a reproach among the heathen: 20 But I will remove far off from you the northern army, and will drive
him into a land barren and desolate, with his face toward the east sea, and his hinder part toward the utmost
sea, and his stink shall come up, and his ill savour shall come up, because he hath done great things. 21 Fear
not, O land; be glad and rejoice: for the LORD will do great things. 22 Be not afraid, ye beasts of the field: for the
pastures of the wilderness do spring, for the tree beareth her fruit, the fig tree and the vine do yield their
strength. 23 Be glad then, ye children of Zion, and rejoice in the LORD your God: for he hath given you the
former rain moderately, and he will cause to come down for you the rain, the former rain, and the latter rain in
the first month. 24 And the floors shall be full of wheat, and the vats shall overflow with wine and oil. 25 And I
will restore to you the years that the locust hath eaten, the cankerworm, and the caterpiller, and the
palmerworm, my great army which I sent among you. 26 And ye shall eat in plenty, and be satisfied, and praise
the name of the LORD your God, that hath dealt wondrously with you: and my people shall never be ashamed.
27 And ye shall know that I am in the midst of Israel, and that I am the LORD your God, and none else: and my
people shall never be ashamed.
KEY WORDS
JOEL 50
Will - Not found in the original
JOEL 51
Jealous Qana Zealous, Jealous
Land Erets Land
Pity Chamal Have compassion, Pity
People Am People
Answer Anah Answer, Testify
Say Amar Say
Send Shalach Send away, Spread
Corn Dagan Corn, Wheat
Wine Tiyrosh New sweet wine
Oil Yitshar Oil
Satisfied Saba Sate, Satisfy
Reproach Cherpah Rebuke, Reproach, Shame
Heathen Goy Heathen, Gentiles
Remove far off Rachaq Widen, Recede, Remove
Northern Tsephoniy Northern
Army - Not found in the original
Drive Nadach Expel, Drive off
Land Erets Land
Barren Tsiyah Barren, Desert
Desolate Shemamah Waste, Desolate
Face Paniym Face
East Qadmoniy East
Sea Yam Sea
Hinder part Soph End, Hinder part
Utmost Archaryon Western, Rearward
Stink Beosh Stench, Stink
Come up Alah Come up, Go up
Ill savour Tsachanah Putrefy
Done Asah Do, Make
Great things Gadal Make large
Fear Yare Fear, Fright
Glad Gul Glad, Rejoice
Rejoice Samach Brighten up, Become glad
Beasts Behemah Cattle, Beast
Field Saday Field
Pastures Naah Home, Pasture
Wilderness Midbar Pasture
Spring Dasha Spring, Sprout
Tree Ets Tree
Beareth Nasa Lift, Bear
Fruit Periy Fruit
Fig tree Tenah Fig tree
Vine Gephen Vine
Yield Nathan Give
Strength Chayil Force, Strength
Glad Gul Good, Glad
Children Ben Child
Rejoice Samach Make merry
God Elohim God
Former rain Moreh Early rain
Moderately Tsedaqah Moderately
Cause to come down Yarad Descend
Latter rain Malqosh Late rain
First Rishon First
Month - Not found in the original
Floors Goren Floor
Full Male To be full of
Wheat Bar Corn, Wheat
Vats Yekeb Vats
Overflow Shuq Overflow
Restore Shalam Be safe, Restore
Years Shaneh Year
Locust Arbeh Locust
Eaten Akal Eat
Cankerworm Yeleq Young locust
Caterpillar Chasiyl Ravaging locust
Palmer worm Gazam Devouring locust
Army Chayil Force, Army
JOEL 52
Sent among Shalach Send away
Plenty Akal Akal Eat, Eat or Plenty
Satisfied Saba Sate, Satisfy
Praise Halal Praise
Name Shem Name
Dealt Asah Do, Make
Wondrously Pala Wonderfully, Wondrously
Never Lo olam Literally Not more, Never
Ashamed Bush Disappointed, Ashamed, Confounded, Confused
Know Yada Know
Am - Not found in the original
Midst Qereb Midst
18 Then will the LORD be jealous for his land, and pity his people. 19 Yea, the LORD will answer and say unto
his people, Behold, I will send you corn, and wine, and oil, and ye shall be satisfied therewith: and I will no more
make you a reproach among the heathen:
The Hebrew word Qana which is translated “Jealous” can also be translated “Zealous” which in this case talking about
God is a better translation. In addition the Hebrew word Chamal translated pity is also the word to have compassion so
verse 18 is better as “Then will the LORD be zealous for his land, and have compassion on his people”.
Compassion means that grace has found a way to bless His people
In verse 19 we see that the Lord will deliver and provide for His people. In the case of the locusts of Joel’s day he
delivered and provided and even more so in the time when He sets up His Millennial kingdom. In the first case he gave
them prosperity in the second the return of Christ.
The fact that He is sending corn, wine and oil indicates economic prosperity in an agricultural economy. The fact that
they are no longer going to be a reproach shows that they will never go out of the Land again. This represents the
tremendous prosperity that there will be in the Millennium.
Ye shall be satisfied indicates that it is one thing to be prosperous, it is another to be happy under prosperity. When God
sends prosperity it is important that the believer has enough doctrine to enjoy the prosperity as prosperity without
doctrine can bring misery.
20 But I will remove far off from you the northern army, and will drive him into a land barren and desolate, with
his face toward the east sea, and his hinder part toward the utmost sea, and his stink shall come up, and his ill
savour shall come up, because he hath done great things.
Here is deliverance from the King of the North. The Lord promises to remove the northern army away Daniel 11:40-45,
Zechariah 14:1-9. He will drive them into a land which is desolate and barren. The east sea is the Dead Sea while the
utmost sea is the Mediterranean. This is where the King of the North and his army will be destroyed. Daniel 11:45. There
was also a near fulfilment in the Hezekiah deliverance. There is so many rotting bodies that the land will stink as it is
impossible for them to be buried. It is going to take seven months to bury the dead because there are hundreds of
thousand corpses.
21 Fear not, O land; be glad and rejoice: for the LORD will do great things. 22 Be not afraid, ye beasts of the
field: for the pastures of the wilderness do spring, for the tree beareth her fruit, the fig tree and the vine do yield
their strength. 23 Be glad then, ye children of Zion, and rejoice in the LORD your God: for he hath given you the
former rain moderately, and he will cause to come down for you the rain, the former rain, and the latter rain in
the first month. 24 And the floors shall be full of wheat, and the vats shall overflow with wine and oil.
Here we have the prosperity of Israel. We notice to commence this section that they are told to “Fear not”. Whatsoever is
not of faith is sin and often this is fear. Failure always results in fear worry and anxiety. God commands the Jews to
rejoice because the Lord is going to do great things for them.
We see in the next verse that even the dumb animals are affected by this in that they are not afraid either. This is
because there is a hugely rich and productive environment. It is obvious from verse 22 that there is great agricultural
prosperity. The animals of the field benefit from this.
The provision and prosperity is further explained in verses 23 and 24 that the weather patterns will be provided in a
perfect form and at exactly the right time to ensure bumper harvests of wheat wine and oil. The barns will be full of wheat
and the vats overfull with oil and wine.
25 And I will restore to you the years that the locust hath eaten, the cankerworm, and the caterpiller, and the
palmerworm, my great army which I sent among you.
JOEL 53
Previously there has been described great disasters by a literal locust plague as well as four Assyrian invasions which
has stripped the land economically bare. The Lord now promises the restoration of the prosperity that was formerly
enjoyed. In this passage it particularly applies to the disaster that the King of the North’s army has inflicted on the land.
For details of the locust, the cankerworm, the caterpillar and the palmerworm see page 9 and following above.
26 And ye shall eat in plenty, and be satisfied, and praise the name of the LORD your God, that hath dealt
wondrously with you: and my people shall never be ashamed. 27 And ye shall know that I am in the midst of
Israel, and that I am the LORD your God, and none else: and my people shall never be ashamed.
The word plenty is the duplication of the Hebrew word to eat Akal. In this phrase it is Akal Akal literally eat eat. The first
Akal is in the kal perfect while the second is in the kal infinitive. It means ye shall eat even eat.
This means you are going to enjoy eating while gaining benefit from it at the same time. This means the food is
beneficial without being fattening. It means you will be able to eat everything in the Millennium. Overeating is one of the
easiest sublimations in the world however in the Millennium sublimations will not be required due to perfect health,
longevity and a good economy. There will be no death in the Millennium apart from capital punishment. There will also
be radical changes in the environment with the spitting cobra being able to be handled and the lion laying down with the
lamb.
The phrase and shall be satisfied shows that there is no food in the Millennium other than that which is beneficial to the
body. We will praise the name of the Lord our God. We praise Him because he has done wondrously with us in grace or
mercy. As a result of the action of God my people says the Lord will never be ashamed. The Hebrew word translated
ashamed is Bush and can be translated confused or confounded.
In verse 27 we will know that the Lord Jesus Christ is in the midst of Israel and knowing this in the Millennium the people
will not be confused. This conforms with the spiritual equation:-
Knowledge of doctrine + the filling of the Holy Spirit = the Production of Divine Good
APPLICATION
While there is a perfect environment in the Millennium there will also be a large number of unbelievers who will be born
and remain as unbelievers showing that a perfect environment is not the solution to man’s problems salvation through
the Lord Jesus Christ is.
The child of God in the Millennium will not be confused because the knowledge of the Lord will cover the earth as the
waters cover the sea. We need not be confused if we feed regularly on the doctrines of God in the Bible.
As Christians we need to ensure that we spend the maximum period of time under the control of the Holy Spirit doing
works that are compatible with the doctrines and precepts of God.
DOCTRINES
POVERTY
1. God can raise the poor out of the poverty of their circumstances. (1 Samuel 2:8, Psalm 113:7)
2. There is a special happiness for those who help the poor. (Psalm 41:1, 2, Proverbs 19:17, Proverbs 29:14)
3. The poor are not only delivered by God from poverty but in the reality of their poverty they often see their need of
salvation and respond to the gospel. (Psalm 72:12-14, Matthew 11:5)
4. Whilst charity is good and honourable, it can be abused (Proverbs 14:30-31, 19:17) Charity is for the poor, but
excessive dependence upon welfare makes the poor lazy (2 Thessalonians 3:10-11)
5. There is a special curse for those who ignore helping the poor. (Proverbs 21:13, 22:16, 28:3). There is also a special
curse for those who take advantage of the poor. (Proverbs 22:22-23)
6. Until the Millennium there will always be poverty in the human race. (Mark 14:7)
7. The poor are a target for hypocrisy and its victim. (John 12:5). They are also the victims of backsliders. (James 2:2-4)
8. Poor believers have the same spiritual privileges as rich believers.(James 2:5). A person can be poor in material things
but rich in doctrine.
JOEL 54
KINGDOM: MILLENNIAL KINGDOM
1. "Thy will be done on earth, " will be fulfilled in the Millennium. (Matthew 6:10)
2. The Kingdom is the Millennium, the first 1,000 years of Jesus' eternal reign. It will be after the second advent, on the
old earth. (Revelation 20:4-6)
a) Promised (2 Samuel 7:8-17, Psalm 89:20-33)
b) Prophesied (Isaiah 2:1-5, 2:11, 12, 35, 55, 56, 62:11)
c) Presented (Matthew, Mark, Luke ) Israel, not the church)
d) Postponed Epistles of New Testament (for church age)
e) Proclaimed (Revelation 10) (Angelic herald) (Revelation 11:1-1 4) (Human heralds)
f) Plagiarized (Revelation 13)
g) Perfected (Revelation 11:15-19)
3. Issues relating to the Kingdom

a) The Character of God - will He keep His word to Israel? Yes. Jesus Christ will reign.
b) Unconditional Covenant - will He keep Covenant? Yes. Abrahamic, Palestinian, Davidic, New - all fulfilled in the
Millennium.
c) Dispersion of Israel - will He recover them again? Yes. At the second advent.
d) Advent - will He return to earth at the worst period in history? Yes. At the end of the Tribulation.
e) Millennial - The Kingdom of Jesus Christ is eternal, why the emphasis on the first 1,000 years? Jesus will do what
Satan has been trying to do for 6,000 years; He will create perfect environment in an instant, as a demonstration to prove
that perfect environment is not the answer; regeneration is.
4. Principles from Micah 4:1-8

a) The Kingdom will be supreme. (Micah 4:1)
b) The Kingdom will be universal. (Micah 4:2)
c) The Kingdom will be peaceful. (Micah 4:3)
d) The Kingdom will secure universal prosperity.(Micah 4:4-5)
e) The nation of Israel ruled by the Lord for the Kingdom. (Micah 4:6-8)
DISPENSATION OF THE MILLENNIUM
1. General Scripture: Many Old Testament passages, Revelation 20
2. Limits: Second Advent to Great White Throne Judgment
3. Characteristics:
a) Length of Age - 1,000 years.
b) Means of Salvation - Faith in Christ.
c) Scripture - the person of Christ.
d) Evangelists - the person of Christ.
e) Major Judgments
i) Baptism of Fire (Matthew 3:12, 24:36-41)
ii) Last Judgment (Revelation 20:11-15)
iii) Destruction of Universe (2 Peter 3:7-13)
f) Death extremely rare in the Millennium. Extended life span. (Isaiah 65:20)
g) At death, unbelievers - Torments.
h) Priesthood - Christ.
i) The Law - no Law, Jesus Christ has fulfilled the law. (Matthew 5:17)
j) Holy Spirit - universal indwelling of the believer. (Joel 2:28-29)
k) Environment - perfect (Isaiah 11:1-9)
l) Satan - chained in the abyss until the end of the Millennium (Revelation 20:2-3)
m) Rebellion - unbelievers at the end of the Age. (Revelation 20:7-9)
n) Spirituality - filling of the Holy Spirit (Joel 2:28,29)
o) No human religion - Satan bound - no influence on the earth. (Isaiah 2:3, John 8:44 cf Rev 20:1-3)
p) Israel -restored (Isaiah 35:3-10)
q) Universal peace (Psalm 46:9, Hosea 2:18, Micah 4:3)
r) Perfect government with Christ as King (Isaiah 11:1-5, Zechariah 14:9)
s) Universal prosperity (Psalm 72:7)
t) Universal knowledge of God. (Isaiah 11:9)
u) Radical changes in nature - restored to perfection as in the Garden of Eden
i) Mankind loosened from the bondage of sin. (Romans 8:19-22)
ii) Sin has no adverse effect on nature (Genesis 3:17-18 cf Isaiah 35:1-2,7)
iii) Animals will lose their ferocity (Isaiah 11:6-8, 65:25)
v) Millennium - begins with believers only.
JOEL 55
FEAR
1. Fear is seen in two ways in scripture.
[a] Firstly as a mental attitude sin that is incompatible with our status as children of the most high, the ruler of the
universe.
[b] Secondly it is used to describe the correct attitude towards God the Lord for all his creatures.
There is godly fear, awe, and respect for God as God, and there is inappropriate fear, which is the cringing fear of one
who believes the other is able to hurt them. This second kind is wrong for us as children of God, for none can harm us
without God’s permission for we belong to Him.
2. Our occupation with the persons and majesty of God is often spoken of as “fear” in the legitimate sense for believers.
2 Samuel 23:2-3, Nehemiah 5:9, Job 28:28, Psalms 19:9, 34:11-12, 111:10, Proverbs 1:7, 9:10, 10:27, 22:4, Malachi
3:16, Ephesians 5:21.
3. Fear as a mental attitude sin is spoken of in, 1 Samuel 17:11, 24, Proverbs 29:25.
4. In God’s grace plan for us fear has no place. His plans for us are always divinely good, and any testing situation is for
our good. Romans 8:28.
5. Fear is an expression of a failure of faith in the plan. Exodus 14:13-14, Deuteronomy 31:6-8, Joshua 8:1, 1 Chronicles
28:20, Isaiah 41:10, 2 Timothy 1:7.
6. Spiritual death is one way of describing Satan's kingdom and is the place of the source of fear. Hebrews 2:14,15
7. In spiritual death, Adam was afraid. Genesis 3:10, this fear motivated Adam to produce religious activity (fig leaves)
and lies. Genesis 3:7
8. Salvation removes the basis of fear, which is condemnation from the Justice of God (spiritual death).
9. Spiritual maturity provides freedom from fear. 2 Timothy 1:7; Hebrews 13:6, 1 John 4:18, 1 Corinthians 13:5b
10. Carnality and any form of religious activity that leads us away from grace and daily obedience to the Word enslaves
the believer to Satan through fear. Galatians 5:1; Romans 8:15
11. The mature believer is commanded to fear nothing he may suffer in life, for by means of God’s grace provision all we
ever may need is provided for us. Revelation 2:10
12. The baby believer is sustained by believing God’s Word, obeying his commands hour by hour to daily life, and rest
upon his promises. Hebrews 4
13. As we become mature believers we continue with this resting on the promises but in addition to this we are sustained
by our understanding / application of entire categories of God’s Word - we have then moved beyond the promises to
confidence in the very character of God itself.
14. Illustration: A woman who asks every hour, "Do you love me?" needs assurance through many promises, and many
actions backing the promises up. Once she gets to truly know her husband, and her love is fully established in him
through his faithfulness to her, she has absolute assurance, and doesn't need constant reminders of his love by specific
words. She is full of confidence through knowledge of her husband’s character.
15. Chapter’s 3-6 of Hebrews deal with the falling away from growth and confidence by these believers. The spiritual
principle of Chapter 4 is the means of getting them back on target.
16. In Hebrews 13:6, we see the objective of the writer, freedom from fear by their daily, moment by moment living the
awareness of the love of Christ for them, and the power of Christ available to them.
17. The writers of Scripture identify correctly that when the believer is fearful, he imitates the unbeliever ("cowardly" –
Revelation 21:8), and that is not right given our great position. Hebrews 11:27 "By faith he left Egypt, not fearing the
wrath of the king, for he endured as seeing Him who is unseen." This is our standard!
18. Fear is a mental attitude sin that shows our mind has moved away from thinking of the Lord. 1 Samuel 17:11,24
19. Fear is a sign of falling back into domination by the “prince of this world”. 1 Samuel 18:12,29 21:12 28:20
20. Absence of fear is a big part of maintaining a dynamic mental attitude. Hebrews 13:6 11:27
21.There is only one legitimate fear ; it is the fear of failure to enter spiritual maturity. Hebrews 4:1
JOEL 56
22. Love demands absence of fear. 1 John 4:18 They are two opposing mental attitudes.
23. Fear is not part of the Divine Plan for the Believer. 2 Timothy 1:7 Exodus 14:13-14 Joshua 8:1 Isaiah 41:10 2 Samuel
1:7
24. Courage and lack of fear is a sign of mature spiritual status. Psalm 3:6 Psalm, 56:3 Hebrews 11:27
25. Fear is the power by which the Evil of Satan rules among mankind. Hebrews 2:14-15 Genesis 19:30 (Lot) 1 Kings
18:9-14 (Obadiah), both Lot and Obadiah show how the failing believer lives in constant fear.
26. Fear is the word used to mean "Occupation with Christ" when related to the attitude of the mature Believer toward
Christ. 2 Samuel 23:3 Nehemiah 5:9,15 Ephesians 5:21 Job 28:28 Psalm 19:9 34:10 Proverbs 1:7 9:10 Proverbs 10:27,
1 Peter 2:17
JOEL 2:28-32
28 And it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your
daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall see visions: 29 And also
upon the servants and upon the handmaids in those days will I pour out my spirit. 30 And I will shew wonders in
the heavens and in the earth, blood, and fire, and pillars of smoke. 31 The sun shall be turned into darkness, and
the moon into blood, before the great and terrible day of the LORD come. 32 And it shall come to pass, that
whosoever shall call on the name of the LORD shall be delivered: for in mount Zion and in Jerusalem shall be
deliverance, as the LORD hath said, and in the remnant whom the LORD shall call.
KEY WORDS
Come to pass Hayah Come to pass

Afterward Achar Ken Afterward
Pour out Shaphak Pour forth, Pour out
Spirit Ruach Spirit
All Kol All
Flesh Basar Flesh
Sons Ben Son
Daughters Bath Daughter
Prophesy Naba Prophesy
Old men Zaqen Aged, Old man
Dream Chalam To dream
Dreams Chalom Dream
Young Bachur Young
See Raah See
Visions Chizzayon Vision
Servant Ebed Servant
Handmaids Shiphach Handmaid, Wench, Woman servant
Days Yom Day
Shew Nathan Give
Wonders Mopheth Wonder, Sign, Miracle
Heavens Shamayim Heaven
Earth Erets Earth
Blood Dam Blood
Fire Esh Fire
Pillars Timarah Pillar, Column
Smoke Ashan Smoke
Sun Shemesh Sun
Turned Haphak Turn
Darkness Choshek Darkness
Moon Yareach Moon
Great Gadol Great
Terrible Yare Fear, Terrible
Day Yom Day
Come Bo Go, Come
Whosoever Kol Asher All who, Whosoever
Call Qara Accost, Call out
Name Shem Name
Be delivered Malat Release, Rescue, Deliver
JOEL 57
Mount Har Mount, Mountain, Hill
Deliverance Peletah Deliverance
Said Amar Say
Remnant Sariyd Survivor, Remnant
28 And it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your
daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall see visions: 29 And also
upon the servants and upon the handmaids in those days will I pour out my spirit.
It has to be remembered that in the Millennium everybody will have perfect health and be living in a perfect environment.
In addition Satan is not on the earth so there is no religious deception. The experience of ecstatics will not cause
problems with the health. Ecstatics today cause a physical hangover. In our age we can be in pain or have many other
ailments and filled with the Spirit but this will not be a problem in the Millennium.
In these verses spirituality in the Millennium is quite different to anything we have today. Peter in quoting this shows that
the situation at Pentecost is a parallel situation to what will occur in the Millennium. Outlined below we examine this.
PENTECOST AND THE PROPHECY OF JOEL
1. (Joel 2:28-29) states "And it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh; and your sons
and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall see visions: And also upon
the servants and upon the handmaids in those days will I pour out my spirit."
2. From this it is clear that:-

a) This will occur afterwards (gk - eschatos) meaning in the last days.
b) The spirit would be poured out on all flesh.
c) Sons and daughters to prophecy.
d) Old men dream dreams.
e) Young men see visions.
f) Universal pouring out of the spirit.
3. In order for the Holy Spirit to be poured out on all flesh it would be necessary for all the inhabitants of the world to be
believers. This only occurs twice after the Fall, at the Flood and at the start of the Millennial reign of Christ. As Joel lived
long after the Flood the Second Advent is in view here.
4. In (Acts 2:15-21) Peter quoted directly from (Joel 2:28-32). What Pentecost and the Second Advent have in common
is that the Holy Spirit is given on both occasions.
5. At Pentecost what accompanied the giving of the Holy Spirit?. The ability to evangelise in a language you have not
previously learnt, the gift of tongues.
a) The spirit was only given to 120 people rather than universally. (Acts 1:15)
b) They spoke in foreign languages the good news of salvation. (Acts 2:1-15)
c) There were three more "Pentecost "experiences in the book of Acts:-
i) For the Samaritans. (Acts 8:15-17)
ii) For the Gentiles. (Acts 10:44-46)
iii) For the followers of John. (Acts 19:2-7)
d) In (Acts 8:15) it said that the Holy Spirit had fallen on a few only. At the giving of the Spirit to the Samaritans no
mention of miraculous speaking in other languages is given. It is also the only one of the four occasions when Jews were
not stated to be present.
6. Tongues is only mentioned once in the Old Testament and it is a warning sign for Israel that they are to be severely
disciplined and go into dispersion. (Isaiah 28:8-11)
7. The Holy Spirit was therefore given at Pentecost as it will be at the start of the Millennium but was given with the sign
of cursing, tongues, and not with the blessings delineated in (Joel 2).
30 And I will shew wonders in the heavens and in the earth, blood, and fire, and pillars of smoke. 31 The sun
shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and terrible day of the LORD come.
The wonders in heaven is the return of the Lord Jesus Christ Revelation 1:7. On the earth there will be unusual events
with blood representing the result of the end of the Armageddon campaign , pillars of fire. Fire is used to kill people in a
supernatural way Revelation 18:9,18
JOEL 58
The sun shall be changed into darkness Isaiah 13:9,10, Ezekiel 32:7,8, Amos 5:18, Zechariah 14:6, the moon is turned
to blood , it is turned red due to atmospheric pollutants before the Second Advent of Christ
32 And it shall come to pass, that whosoever shall call on the name of the LORD shall be delivered: for in mount
Zion and in Jerusalem shall be deliverance, as the LORD hath said, and in the remnant whom the LORD shall
call.
These are the qualifications to enter the Millennium. Who will survive the judgments of the Second Advent and be
qualified to start this civilisation, those who call on the name of the Lord. The Hebrew word for call is Qara which means
to call out. It is similar in concept to the word Amen which is the normal word for faith.
The question can be asked if this is a physical deliverance or a spiritual one. The two places where it is used in the New
Testament is Acts 2:21 and Romans 10:13 are both spiritual salvation passages so it is concluded that it is spiritual
salvation rather than physical protection.
APPLICATION
We need to ensure that we understand where we are from a dispensations viewpoint and not try and apply items from
another dispensation to our lives. By doing so we become confused.
The Lord is gracious and will accept any that call upon his name in grace for salvation
There will always be a remnant of Jews so the Satanic attempt by nations to eliminate that race from history is doomed
to failure
Often there are parallel fulfilments of types such as the first and second advent of the Holy Spirit which has some similar
but some different characteristics, the Antichrist of the Old Testament Antoiocus Epiphanes and the future anti Christ, the
Ark as a type of Rapture and the Rapture. We should note the similarities but also the differences.
DOCTRINES
HOLY SPIRIT: FILLING OF THE HOLY SPIRIT IN THE CHURCH AGE
1. The Holy Spirit indwells every believer. We are commanded to allow Him to fill (or fully control) our lives (Ephesians
5:18).
2. The filling (controlling) of the Spirit can be broken by:

a) Grieving the Spirit (Ephesians 4:30) - sin, doing something you shouldn't.
b) Quenching the Spirit (1 Thessalonians 5:19) - not doing something you should (like quenching a fire, allowing the
flame to go out).
3. The filling (controlling) of the Spirit can be restored by confession of sin and full surrender to do the will of God (1John
1:9)
4. The Spirit produces the very character of the Christ in the believer: (Galatians 4:19, 5:22, 23, Ephesians 3:16, 17,
Philippians 1:20, 21, 2 Corinthians 3:3)
a) The fruit of the Spirit:

i) Galatians 5:22-23 - Love, Joy, Peace, Patience, Kindness, Goodness, Faithfulness, Gentleness, Self-control.
ii) Romans 14:17 - Righteousness, Peace, Joy.
iii) Colossians 3:12-15 - Compassion, Kindness, Humility, Gentleness, Patience, Forgiveness, Love, Peace,
Thankfulness.
iv) 1 Thessalonians 1:3 - Faith, Love, Endurance, Hope.
b) Rejoicing in Christ (Philippians 3:1, 4:4).

c) Loving one another (John 15:12, Romans 12:10, Ephesians 5:2).
d) Striving for the faith (Philippians 1:27, Jude 3).
e) Putting away all sin (1 Corinthians 5:7, Hebrews 12:1).
f) Abstaining from all appearances of evil (1 Thessalonians 5:22).
g) Submitting to injuries (1 Corinthians 6:7).
h) Subduing the temper (Ephesians 4:26, James 1:19).
i) Shunning the wicked (2 Thessalonians 3:6).
j) Abounding in the works of the Lord (1 Corinthians 15:58 1 Thessalonians 4:1).
k) Showing a good example (1 Timothy 4:12, 1 Peter 2:12).
l) Following after that which is good (Philippians 4:8, 1 Timothy 6:11).
m) Perfecting holiness (2 Corinthians 7:1, 2 Timothy 3:17).
JOEL 59
n) Hating defilement (Jude 23).
o) Overcoming the world. (1 John 5:4-5)
p) Adorning the gospel. (Philippians 1:27, Titus 2:10)
q) Forgiving injuries. (Romans 12:20)
r) Living peaceably with all. (Romans 12:18, Hebrews 12:14)
s) Visiting the afflicted. (James 1:27)
t) Sympathising with others. (Romans 12:15, 1 Thessalonians 5:14)
u) Honouring others. (Romans 12:10)
v) Submitting to authorities. (Romans 13:1-7)
w) Being content. (Philippians 4:11, Hebrews 13:5)
x) Walking worthy of the Lord. (Colossians 1:10, 1 Thessalonians 2:12)
y) Walking in the newness of life. (Romans 6:4)
z) Walking as children of light. (Ephesians 5:8)
aa) Glorifies Christ in his body. (Philippians 1:20, 21)
bb) Christ is at home in his body. (Ephesians 3:16,17)
cc) A lifestyle which honours God in the presence of men. (2 Corinthians 3:3)
5. The filling of the Holy Spirit in every believer only occurs in two dispensations:
a) Church age Ephesians 5:18, Galatians 5:22,23

b) Millennium - Joel 2:28, 29 (characterized by ecstatics)
DREAMS
1. Dreams have been used by the Lord in the history of his revelation to man to communicate specific warnings and
prophetic truth. Of the seventy references to them, all but eight occur in the Old Testament period, and the others before
the establishment of the church. They do not appear to be a common phenomenon for guidance or direction within the
church age. This is likely due to the role of the Holy Spirit which is expanded from the Old Testament times, and is
directive in this age. Refer Holy Spirit Ministries.
2. Dreams occurred many times in the history of Israel as a direct means for specific guidance. Genesis 20:3-6, 31:11,
24, 37:5-10, Daniel 7:1ff. They were used to direct Mary and Joseph, and the Wise men, quite specifically regarding the
birth of Jesus. Matthew 1:20, 2:12-22.
3. Dreams, or visions of significance were either self explanatory or the person had to go to a person skilled in dream
interpretation. Genesis 20:3, 28:12, Numbers 12:6, Deuteronomy 13:1.
4. Visions, like dreams were unusual events, and appear to be restricted to key personnel who were tasked with
communicating God’s Word to others. 1 Samuel 3:1-15, Isaiah 1:1ff, Ezekiel 7:13, Daniel 2:19.
5. In Acts there are specific visions given to the apostles for very specific purposes. Acts 9:10-16, 10:27-29, 16:6-9, 18:1-
11, 2 Corinthians 12:1-7.
6. Dreams and visions may still occur, but they will occur in very unusual situations, for very specific reasons (as we see
in Acts). They will occur in situations where, for some reason, the Holy Spirit chooses this means rather than directly
speaking to the soul of the indwelt believer. While we must allow for the Lord to speak any way he chooses, this will be
an unusual means nowadays because it is unnecessary due to the indwelling and filling ministries of the Holy Spirit for all
believers; a situation not occurring in the Old Testament period.
JUDGMENT: BAPTISM OF FIRE
1. The Baptism of Fire is mentioned in 3 passages- (Matthew 3:11-12; 24:36-41, Luke 3:16-17, 2 Thessalonians 1:7-8).
2. It refers to the judgment and removal of all unbelievers from the earth at the Second Advent. In this way, only
believers who survive the Tribulation, and resurrection saints, will enter the Millennial Kingdom.
3. There are parables of the baptism of fire in:

(Matthew 13:24-30, 36-43) - (the Wheat and the Tares)
(Matthew 13:47-50) - (the good and bad fish)
(Matthew 25:1-13) - (the Ten Virgins)
4. The Jewish baptism of fire is mentioned in (Ezekiel 20:34-48, Isaiah 1:25-26, Matthew 3:7-12)
5. The Gentile baptism of fire in (Matthew 25:31-46) (the sheep and the goats)
JOEL 60
6. At the baptism of fire the books that are opened in (Daniel 7:10) are the ones that contain the names of unbelievers
who have accepted the strong delusions from Satan during the Tribulation (2 Thessalonians 2:11-12)
CHRISTIAN LIFE: FAITH
1. The Christian life can be divided into three sections or stages.

a) Stage 1 - Salvation.
b) Stage 2 - The Christian Walk
c) Stage 3 - The Christian in Heaven.
2. Man has three means of obtaining knowledge:

a) Faith - to believe or trust that something is true
b) Reasoning - using human logic to deduce that something is true
c) Experimentation - to test and prove something to satisfy yourself that it is true
3. The only acceptable method of gaining grace is by faith, since this means depending upon God without our human
merit.
a) Stage 1 - Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ and thou shalt be saved - salvation (Acts 16:31).
b) Stage 2 - Trusting in the promises and principles of the Word of God - the Christian walk.
c) Stage 3 - Trusting in God's provision - Heaven.
4. To illustrate belief and unbelief we follow the Jews from the plagues in Egypt to crossing the Jordan:
Incident God’s Promise Scripture Response Result

Last plague Passover Lamb Exodus 12:21-30 Trust Jews spared last
plague.
Egyptian Army Red Sea Crossing Exodus 14:1-31 Trust Moses leads Jews over
Red Sea.
No Water Water Exodus 17:1-7 Trust By striking rock (Christ)
water obtained.
Gold Calf God's Doctrine Exodus 32:15-28 Distrust Sons of Levi (Priests)
slaughtered for leading
Quails Manna Num 11:10-33 Distrust Many deaths due to
quails
Giants Enter Canaan Num 13:1-14:38 Distrust Death of fearful spies.
Wandering in desert
No water Water Num 20:2-13 Distrust Moses strikes rock in
disobedience. Will not
enter Promised Land.
Wanderings Cross Jordan Joshua 3:1-17 Trust Israel crosses Jordan
on dry ground
5. Salvation faith is the complete trust in the Lord Jesus Christ, who died for your sins and rose from the dead to give you
eternal life. (Acts 16:31, Romans 4:20-25)
6. Anything added to becomes works, and therefore nullifies faith (Romans 4:4)
7. Faith is shown outwardly by confession with the mouth. (Romans 10:9-10)
8. Since faith does not depend on our own abilities, anybody can believe. Even little children (Matthew 18:2-4)
9. Assurance is by faith (Hebrews 10:22)
10. Faith is trust which does not ask to know all about God but believe all that God has said.
11. Salvation faith receives Christ as Saviour and Lord. (John 1:12, 3:16, 3:36)
12. Faith of salvation is the complete trust in the Lord Jesus Christ as having been delivered from our transgressions and
raised again for our justification. (Romans 4:20-25)
13. By Faith God gives the soul assurance of the reality of things never yet seen by the natural man. (Hebrews 11:1-3)
14. The triumphs of faith in daily life are illustrated for the believer in Hebrews 11:1-39. Abel, Noah, Moses etc.
15. Faith comes from hearing and hearing from the Word of God. (Romans 10:17)
16. Faith is the only non meritorious means of understanding things the other being rationalism and empiricism.
JOEL 61
17. To become like a little child is an analogy to faith as a young child only has faith. (Matthew 18:2-4)
CHRISTIAN LIFE: FAITH – OVERCOMING BY FAITH
1. By faith learn to accept conditions as God's will for life and be thankful - Romans 8:28, 1 Thessalonians 3:3; 5:18
2. By faith maintain fellowship with God, walking in the light - 1 John 1:7
3. By faith consistently day by day examine your conduct, confessing all known sins - 1 Corinthians 11:28, 31 1 John 1:9
4. By faith receive the Word of God daily as being more necessary than daily food. - Matthew 4:4; 5:6, 2 Peter 3:18
5. By faith approach the throne of grace boldly in every case of need, requesting aid, casting every care on Him. -
Hebrews 4:15-16; 1 Peter 5:7
6. By faith resist the attempts of Satan and he will flee from you. - Ephesians 6:10-13, 1 Peter 5:8
7. By faith maintain the habit of thinking and meditating on spiritual values and priorities - Philippians 4:6-9
8. Walk by faith and not by sight - 2 Corinthians 5:7
CHAPTER 3
JOEL 3:1-16
1 For, behold, in those days, and in that time, when I shall bring again the captivity of Judah and Jerusalem, 2 I
will also gather all nations, and will bring them down into the valley of Jehoshaphat, and will plead with them
there for my people and for my heritage Israel, whom they have scattered among the nations, and parted my
land. 3 And they have cast lots for my people; and have given a boy for an harlot, and sold a girl for wine, that
they might drink. 4 Yea and what have you to do with me O Tyre and Zidon, and all the coasts of Palestine? will
ye render me a recompense? and if ye recompense me, swiftly and speedily will I return your recompense upon
your own head; 5 Because ye have taken my silver and my gold, and have carried into your temples my goodly
pleasant things: 6 The children also of Judah and the children of Jerusalem have ye sold unto the Grecians, that
ye might remove them far from their border. 7 Behold, I will raise them out of the place whither ye have sold
them, and will return your recompense upon your own head: 8 And I will sell your sons and your daughters into
the hand of the children of Judah, and they shall sell them to the Sabeans, to a people far off: for the LORD hath
spoken it. 9 Proclaim ye this among the Gentiles; Prepare war, wake up the mighty men, let all the men of war
draw near; let them come up: 10 Beat your ploughshares into swords and your pruning hooks into spears: let
the weak say, I am strong. 11 Assemble yourselves, and come, all ye heathen, and gather yourselves together
round about: thither cause thy mighty ones to come down, O LORD. 12 Let the heathen be wakened, and come
up to the valley of Jehoshaphat: for there will I sit to judge all the heathen round about. 13 Put ye in the sickle,
for the harvest is ripe: come, get you down; for the press is full, the fats overflow; for their wickedness is great.
14 Multitudes, multitudes in the valley of decision: for the day of the LORD is near in the valley of decision. 15
The sun and the moon shall be darkened, and the stars shall withdraw their shining. 16 The LORD also shall roar
out of Zion, and utter his voice from Jerusalem; and the heavens and the earth shall shake: but the LORD will be
the hope of his people, and the strength of the children of Israel.
KEY WORDS
Behold Hinneh Lo, Behold, See

Days Yom Day
Time Eth Time, Season
Bring again Shub Turn back, Bring again
Captivity Shebuth Exile, Captivity
Gather Qabats Assemble, Grasp, Gather
All Kol All
Nations Goy Nation, Gentile
Down Yarad Descend, Come down
Valley Emeq Valley
Plead Shaphat Judge, Reason, Plead
People Am People, Nation, Flock
Heritage Nachalah Inheritance, Heirloom, Heritage
Scattered Pazar Scatter, Disperse
Parted Chalaq Parted, Divide
JOEL 62
Land Erets Land
Cast Yadad Cast, Throw
Lots Goral Pebble, Lot
Given Nathan Give
Boy Yeled Boy, Lad
Harlot Zanah Harlot, Prostitute
Sold Makar Sell
Girl Yaldah Girl
Wine Yayin Wine
Drink Shathah Imbibe, Drink
Do - Not found in the original
Coasts Geliylah Coast, Border
Render Shalam Render
Recompense Gamal Reward, Recompense
Swiftly Qal Lightly, Swiftly
Speedily Meherah Make speed, Quickly
Return Shub Turn back
Head Rosh Chief, Head
Taken Laqach Take
Silver Keseph Silver
Gold Zahab Gold
Carried Bo Come
Temples Heykal Temple, Palace
Goodly Tob Good
Pleasant things Machmad Delightful, Pleasant thing
Remove them far Rachaq Remove a good way off
Border Gebul Border
Raise out Ur Raise up
Place Maqom Locality, Place
Sell Makar Sell
Daughter Bath Daughter
Hand Yad Hand
Far off Rachoq Far off
Spoken Dabar Speak, Arrange
Proclaim Qara Call out, Proclaim
Gentiles Goy Heathen, Gentiles, Nations
Prepare Qadash Prepare
War Milchamah War, Battle
Wake up Ur Wake up, Raise up
Mighty men Gibbor Mighty men, Valiant men
Draw near Nagash Come near
Come up Alah Ascend
Beat Kathath Beat, Strike
Ploughshares Eth Hoe
Swords Chereb Sword
Pruning hooks Mazmerah Pruning knife
Spears Romach Spear, Javelin
Weak Challash Weak, Frail
Say Amar Say
Strong Gibbor Mighty men, Valiant men
Assemble Ush Assemble
Come Bo Come
Gather Qabats Gather together
Round about Sabiyb Around
Cause - Not found in the original
Come down Nachath Come down, Descend
Wakened Ur Wake up
Will I sit Yashab Sit down as a judge
Judge Shaphat Judge
Put in Shalach Put in
Sickle Maggal Sickle
Harvest Qatsiyr Harvest
Ripe Bashal Ripe
Press Gath Winepress
Full Male Full
Fats Yeqeb Vat
JOEL 63
Overflow Shuq Run over
Wickedness Raah Evil
Great Rab Abundant, Great
Multitudes Hamon Many, Multitude
Decision Charuts Decision
Day Yom Day
Near Qarob Near, At hand
Sun Shemesh Sun
Moon Yareach Moon
Darkened Qadar Blackish, Dark
Stars Kokab Star
Withdraw Asaph Take away, Withdraw
Shining Nogahh Brightness, Shining, Light
Roar Shaag Rumble, Roar
Utter Nathan Give
Voice Qol Voice, Sound
Heavens Shamayim Heavens
Earth Erets Earth
Shake Raash Rumble, Shake
Hope Machaseh Hope, Shelter
Strength Maeoz Strength, Fortification, Defence
INTRODUCTION
This section deals with judgments on unbelieving Jews and Gentiles at the time of the return of the Lord Jesus Christ to
set up His kingdom at the end of the Tribulation. There are seven judgments starting with
[1] The Cross where the Lord Jesus Christ was judged for the sins of the world
[2] Self Judgment of the Christian in the Church Age under the principle of confession of sins.
[3] The judgment after the removal of the Church at the Rapture,
[4] The evaluation of the believer in heaven of his works on the earth resulting in the removal of human good
[5] The judgment of the Jews and Gentiles at the Second Advent
[6] The judgment of all fallen angels.
[7] The Great White Throne judgment of unbelievers at the end of the Millennium.
In Joel chapter 3 we have the judgments of the Jews and Gentiles at the Second Advent which is known as the Jewish
and Gentile Baptism of Fire.
1 For, behold, in those days, and in that time, when I shall bring again the captivity of Judah and Jerusalem,
The phrase “In those days” refers to the early days of the Millennium while “In that time” is an idiom which relates to that
time and no other time. This is the time when the Baptism of Fire takes place causing the separation of the wheat and
the tares. As this time is one of a new civilisation it commences with believers only. Another start of a civilisation is after
the Flood when believers only started the repopulation of the earth. God promises that he will bring again the captivity of
Judah which means the ending of the dispersion under the fifth cycle of discipline as shown in Deuteronomy 28:49-64
2 I will also gather all nations, and will bring them down into the valley of Jehoshaphat, and will plead with them
there for my people and for my heritage Israel, whom they have scattered among the nations, and parted my
land.
Not only is the Lord going to bring the Jews back into the land but he is going to bring all the Gentiles into the valley of
Jehoshaphat as the Hebrew word translated nations is “goy” which means gentiles. So he will bring saved and unsaved
Jews and Gentiles. The word translated “bring” is in the hiphil stem which is the causal stem meaning that He will cause
them to be brought down.
The word Jehoshaphat means God’s judgment Zechariah 14:4-6,. The Hebrew word Shaphat translated plead in the KJV
can also mean to judge or reason with and is in regards to the Jews particularly the believing Jews as they have
scattered and persecuted them by their anti Semitism. The word translated “scattered” is in the Pual stem which is the
intensive stem meaning that the persecution has been intense. The Gentiles have also parted my land which means to
part of divide the land for spoil. Matthew 25:31-46
3 And they have cast lots for my people; and have given a boy for an harlot, and sold a girl for wine, that they
might drink.
JOEL 64
Nero the emperor of Rome was having a tour through Greece where he spent his time competing as a flautist at music
competitions and also was a competitor at oration festivals. Needless to say Nero won all the contests. As is the case
today with dictators Nero took an entourage or fawning lackeys whose main function was to praise him. One of the group
however stood out from the crowd. This was Vespasian an army commander who told Nero the truth and was therefore
sent to Judea as a punishment for his impertinence.
He and his son Titus are the leaders of the group featured in verse 3 which relates to the Romans in 70 AD at the fall of
Jerusalem. There was massive slaughter at Jerusalem with less than 100,000 survivors who were then auctioned off as
slaves. The young boys were given or sold as male homosexual prostitutes as homosexuality was rife especially among
the Greeks. The young girls were sold for wine. The innocent children were commodities to be used to satisfy the
conquering armies.
4 Yea and what have you to do with me O Tyre and Zidon, and all the coasts of Palestine? will ye render me a
recompense? and if ye recompense me, swiftly and speedily will I return your recompense upon your own head;
5 Because ye have taken my silver and my gold, and have carried into your temples my goodly pleasant things:
6 The children also of Judah and the children of Jerusalem have ye sold unto the Grecians, that ye might
remove them far from their border. 7 Behold, I will raise them out of the place whither ye have sold them, and
will return your recompense upon your own head: 8 And I will sell your sons and your daughters into the hand
of the children of Judah, and they shall sell them to the Sabeans, to a people far off: for the LORD hath spoken
it.
This section is a parenthesis. In order to set up a historical parallelism to prophecy Joel is trying to portray the horrors of
the dispersion from the Land. The catastrophe which he is going to use is one which occurred when the Arabians and the
Philistines made a raid on Jerusalem and Judea. They captured a lot of people and sold them into slavery, they sold
them to the Phoenicians. The Phoenicians in turn took them across the waters and sold them to the Greeks. This is a
tragedy which the people remember.
God says in verse 4 “what have you done to me?” It refers to an historical event of about 845 BC recorded in 2
Chronicles 21:16,17” 16 Moreover the LORD stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines, and of the
Arabians, that were near the Ethiopians: 17 And they came up into Judah, and brake into it, and carried away all
the substance that was found in the king's house, and his sons also, and his wives; so that there was never a
son left him, save Jehoahaz, the youngest of his sons.” This event was in the memory of the generation who were
ministered to by Joel. A parallel future event would be the fall of Jerusalem in 70 AD.
Tyre and Sidon were the main cities of the Phoenicians. The Phoenicians were the great seafaring peoples who founded
a city on the North African coast called Carthage and fought three Punic wars with Rome. Under Hannibal they held
Spain for quite a while. These were the only people who would pass through the Strait of Gibraltar or as they called it the
Gates of Pericles. Evidence has been found that some sailed all the way to North America with relics of their visit being
found near Baltimore.
The Philistines lived by raiding. They did not bother to grow crops they would raid those who did. This time they had
stolen Jewish children. God warns that he will recompense them for the great evil they have done. He says that what you
have inflicted I will return on your heads.
In verses 5 and 6 we have the indictment against them. Because you have taken my silver and gold and taken other
things and placed them in your temples. In addition you have taken the children of Judah and Jerusalem and sold them
to the Greeks so that they have been taken far away from their homeland
In verses 7 and 8 God says that he would raise them up and they will come and recompense you. In the 4 th century BC
Alexander the Great came from Greece which is where the children had been sold and brought some of the Jews back.
He took Sidon and eventually took Tyre which was thought to be impregnable being on an island about 800 metres off
the mainland. Alexander built a mole which was attacked on numerous occasions but eventually they were conquered. It
was one of the greatest examples of siege craft in all of history.
As a result only 30,000 of 200,000 Phoenicians survived and these were turned over to the Jewish administrators who
are called the Judeans in verse 8 who in turn sold them on into the hands of an Arabic group the Sabeans who lived far
away from Tyre and Sidon
9 Proclaim ye this among the Gentiles; Prepare war, wake up the mighty men, let all the men of war draw near;
let them come up: 10 Beat your ploughshares into swords and your pruning hooks into spears: let the weak say,
I am strong.
This section deals with the judgment of the Gentiles at the Second Advent. Before they are judged there is going to be a
major campaign. In verse 9 they are called to arms . There are various stages of preparation for battle. First of all the
young me have to be prepared for military action, it means to take a strong young man with good physical attributes and
to convert him into a military man. They must be organised in groups and come to battle in battle order.
JOEL 65
In verse 10 the items of peace such as the ploughshare or pruning hook are converted into military weapons. The nation
is told to change its economy from agricultural to a military format, As a result the weak feel strengthened by being
trained and having men of war to protect them.
11 Assemble yourselves, and come, all ye heathen, and gather yourselves together round about: thither cause
thy mighty ones to come down, O LORD. 12 Let the heathen be wakened, and come up to the valley of
Jehoshaphat: for there will I sit to judge all the heathen round about. 13 Put ye in the sickle, for the harvest is
ripe: come, get you down; for the press is full, the fats overflow; for their wickedness is great.
The nations who were so eager to get rid of the Jews at the end of the Tribulation are judged immediately after the
Second Coming of Christ. Again in verse 11 the heathen are in fact Gentiles. They are commanded by God to come
close including the mighty ones or trained soldiers. The Gentiles are to come up to the valley of Jehoshaphat which is
where they will be judged Matthew 25:31-43 This is the separation of the sheep and the goats, the sheep are Gentile
believers going into the Millennium, the goats unbelievers who will be cast off into torments. In verse 13 there is
tremendous and terrible judgment of the unbelieving and Anti Semitic Gentiles with massive casualties.
14 Multitudes, multitudes in the valley of decision: for the day of the LORD is near in the valley of decision. 15
The sun and the moon shall be darkened, and the stars shall withdraw their shining.
In verse 14 we have the multitudes in the valley of decision. This is immediately before the return of the Lord in glory. It
is called the valley of decision as this is the place where the eternal future of all is being made. Multitudes are Jews,
Multitudes are Gentiles all are in the valley of decision
In verse 15 we see that there is a supernatural darkness over the whole world. It is a similar darkness as shrouded the
world when Jesus Christ was on the Cross bearing the sins of the world. The darkness is so intense that it stops every
activity and allows all to do nothing but think about their position. In this intense darkness some will come to belief in
Christ but most will not. Those who do will go into the Millennium the following day, those who do not will be in the fires
of torments.
No one can say that they have not had enough information as there have been four major evangelistic campaigns in the
Tribulation so the situation will be clear in all the minds as to the claim of Christ on their lives. This day of darkness is a
time of decision for all the people in the world.
16 The LORD also shall roar out of Zion, and utter his voice from Jerusalem; and the heavens and the earth
shall shake: but the LORD will be the hope of his people, and the strength of the children of Israel.
In this verse we have the cry of the soldier as he is slaying his enemies. We see the voice which slays in Revelation
19:15 “ And out of his mouth goeth a sharp sword, that with it he should smite the nations: and he shall rule
them with a rod of iron: and he treadeth the winepress of the fierceness and wrath of Almighty God.”
He has now alighted at the Mount of Olives and the heavens and earth shake. An earthquake splits the Mount of Olives.
Those believers who know the book of Zechariah realise that they will be escaping from a hopeless position using the
valley created by the splitting of the mount and that victory has been snatched from the mouth of inevitable defeat. The
children of Israel, God’s chosen people have been protected.
APPLICATION
The means by which all the Israelites return to the Promised Land is through the Lord calling them back to the land as
the King of the Jews.
Men and angels may wish to get all the Jews into one spot including Satan who may want them all back in the land so to
make it easier for him to eliminate them but all these attempts will be fruitless.
There is a time of judgment for all but there is only condemnation for the unbeliever because there is no condemnation
to them that are in Christ Jesus.
When problems occur, if you are reliant on the doctrines of God you will be able to face up to problems and still have
inner joy and peace.
We need to remember that there will be wars and rumours of wars until He comes as the Prince of Peace. We should
always therefore be prepared.
The day of darkness is an act of grace by our Lord to allow the whole population of the earth to contemplate their future.
This conforms with the promise laid out in 2 Peter 3:9. God gives us every chance to make the right decision
DOCTRINES
JOEL 66
BAPTISM
1. Usage of word "baptism" prior to the Koine (common) Greek (pre. 350 BC).
a) The English word "baptism" is a transliteration of the Greek verb BAPTIZO meaning to identify. This word was used by
Greek poets, dramatists and historians to portray identification of one object with a second so that the nature or
characteristic of the first object is changed.
b) For example Xenphon (fourth century BC) tells of Spartan soldiers dipping their spears into pigs' blood before going
into battle. By identifying the spears with blood, the nature of the spears was supposed to have been changed from a
hunting to a warrior spear.
c) Euripedes (fifth century BC) used the word to describe a sinking ship. As it sinks, the character or nature of the ship is
changed. It is so identified or "baptised" with the water that it no longer floats - it becomes a wreck.
2. Meanings of the Koine Greek.

a) Verb - BAPTO - to dip (John 13:26, Luke 16:24), to dye (Revelation 19:13)
b) Verb - BAPTIZO - to dip, to immerse, to cleanse by washing.
c) Noun - BAPTISMOS - washing of dishes (Mark 7:4), doctrine of baptisms (Hebrews 6:2)
d) Noun - BAPTISMA - ritual baptism (Matthew 3:7, 21:25), spiritual baptism (Romans 6:4), figure of martyrdom (Mark
10:38, Luke 12:50)
e) Noun - BAPTISTES - one who baptises like John the Baptist (Matthew 3:1, 11:11, Mark 6:25)
3. Real baptisms: an actual identification - a person identified with something real. These are dry baptisms, and do not
involve water. There are four real baptisms -
a) Baptism of Moses - a double identification of the children of Israel at Red Sea. (1 Corinthians 10:2)
i) With Moses - the people were identified with Moses in his faith, leadership and deliverance. They had victory "in
Moses".
ii) With cloud - the people were identified with God (the cloud) as He delivered them through the dry seabed and
destroyed their enemies behind them. They had victory "in God".
b) Baptism of Fire - unbelievers are identified with judgment. (Matthew 3:11, 13:24-30, 2 Thessalonians 1:7-9).
c) Baptism of the Cup - identifies the Church Age believer with the victory of Christ after the cross - Christ identified
himself with our sins (Matthew 26:39, 2 Corinthians 5:21)
d) Baptism of the Holy Spirit - enters Church Age believers into the Body of Christ, and therefore identifies them with
everything that Christ is (1 Corinthians 12:13, Romans 6, Ephesians 1:3)
4. Ritual Baptisms: involve literal water, which represents something else.

a) Baptism of Jesus - unique (Matthew 3:13-17). Water represented Father's Plan. Christ identified himself with the
Father's will in going to the cross.
b) Baptism of John (Matthew 3:1-11, John 1:25-33, Acts 18:25). Water represented the kingdom demonstrating
identification of John's converts with Jesus and His Kingdom.
c) Believer's (Christian) baptism (Acts 2:38,41, 8:36-38, 9:18, 10:47-48, 16:33).
i) Water represents the work of Christ.
ii) Identification of Church Age believer, with Christ in his death (going into the water), burial (under the water) and
resurrection to "newness of life" (coming up out of the water).
iii) Water baptism is a testimony to personal faith in Christ.
d) Two ordinances for the Church:
i) Water baptism - once; represents salvation.
ii) Communion - repeated; represents fellowship.
ISRAEL
1. Israel has a future which was promised to Abraham. (Genesis 12:1-3)
2. Israel's future is based on regeneration. (Romans 9:6-14)
3. Israel's future is related to the land of Palestine. (Genesis 15:18, Numbers 34:1-12, Deuteronomy 30:1-9)
4. Israel has a King forever - the Son of David, the Lord Jesus Christ in the Millennium. (2 Samuel 7:8-16, Psalm 89:20-
37)
5. The promises were confirmed to Jeremiah in the New Covenant (Jeremiah 31:31ff, Hebrews 8:8-13)
6. Israel's future begins as a nation at the Second Advent of Christ. (Zechariah 14:1-9)
JOEL 67
7. Israel's future is guaranteed, even though the nation is now in dispersion under the discipline of God. (Isaiah 5:26-30,
14-1-3, 10:20-23, 11:11-16, Zechariah 10:6-12)
8. Israel had a purpose

a) To witness to the holiness of the one true God. (Deuteronomy 6:4, Isaiah 43:10,12)
b) To illustrate to the nations the blessings derived from serving the one true God. (Deuteronomy 33:26-29, 1 Chronicles
17:20-21, Psalm 144:15)
c) To receive, record and broadcast the Scriptures. (Deuteronomy 4:5-8, Romans 3:1-2)
d) To receive and proclaim the promised Messiah. (Genesis 3:15, 12:3, 2 Samuel 7:12-16, Isaiah 7:14, 9:6)
9. The nation Israel is now in dispersion under the discipline of God. The Church has replaced the mission of Israel
during the Church Age. (Romans 11) When the Church is removed in the Rapture, Israel will again take up its purpose
during the Tribulation (Revelation 7:4-8)
HOMOSEXUALITY
1. The Bible tells us that homosexuality is not a form of immaturity; an aspect of normal human development; the product
of certain kinds of experience or the result of genetic factors. It is a learned activity.
2. It is not a condition; it is an act. It is not a sickness, it is a sin (Leviticus 18:22; 20:] 3; Deuteronomy 23:17; 1 Timothy
1:10; 1 Corinthians 6:9; Revelation 22:15).
3. It is the culminating sexual practice of a culminating apostasy and hostility towards God. It is an act against God and
therefore against nature (Romans 1:21-30). The "burned out" product of rebellion (verse 27).
4. In the Bible, homosexuals are called "dogs", that is, they have placed themselves outside of the human race
(Deuteronomy 23:18; Revelation 22:15).
5. It was the sin of Sodom and Gomorrah, hence the word 'sodomy' (Genesis 19:5).
6. Being the product of rebellion and apostasy, it is nor surprising that we see this activity (together with prostitution) as a
religious practice in pagan worship in Canaan.
7. God's patience allowed them four generations, from Abraham to Joshua. Then His judgment came (Genesis 15:16;
Leviticus 18:24-28).
8. The failure of Israel to execute God's judgment fully became their own judgment (Judges 2:2,3; 19:22,25; Leviticus
18:28; 1 Kings 14-24; 15:12; 2 Kings 23:7).
9. Lesbianism is a manifestation of the same evil as the masculine form, but the Mosaic Law reserved the penalty of
death for man. It is a ground for divorce (Deuteronomy 24:1). Why not death for lesbianism? Man has greater authority
and, with that, a greater responsibility and greater guilt in sinning (Romans 5:12; 1 Corinthians 15:22).
10. Counselling:
By calling homosexuality a disease or an inherited genetic defect, we deprive the homosexual of all hope.
It is a sin that can be forgiven in Christ, and through the working of the Holy Spirit the old, sinful way of life can be
abandoned and a new one established (Isaiah I:18; 1 John 1:7; 1 Corinthians 6:9,11).
God's answer to sexual immorality is in (1 Corinthians 7:1-9).
GOD - GOD CARES FOR YOU
1. God knows ...

a) Our sorrows. (Exodus 3:7)
b) Our devotions. (2 Chronicles 16:9)
c) Our thoughts. (Psalm 44:21)

d) Our foolishness. (Psalm 69:5)
e) Our frailties. (Psalm 103:14)
f) Our deeds. (Psalm 139:2)
g) Our words. (Psalm 139:4)
h) The composition of the universe. (Psalm 147:4)
i) All things. (Proverbs 15:3)
j) Our needs. (Matthew 6:32)
k) About animal creation. (Matthew 10:29)
JOEL 68
l) Mankind. (Matthew 10:30)
m) What might or could have been. (Matthew 11:23)
n) His own. (John 10:14)
o) Past, present and future. (Acts 15:18)
2. God is able to ...

a) Save forever those who believe in the Lord Jesus Christ - Hebrews 7:25
b) Supply every need - 2 Corinthians 9:8
c) Deliver all who are tempted - Hebrews 2:18
d) Sustain the weak believer and make him stand - Romans 14:4
e) Keep us from falling and make us blameless - Jude 24,25
f) Surpass all that we could ask or think - Ephesians 3:20
g) Raise us up in resurrection in the likeness of His Son - Hebrews 11:19
3. With God, all things are possible - Matthew 19:26
4. God is in control. Nothing will ever happen to you that you are not able to deal with. (1 Corinthians 10:13)
5. God's character is stable.

a) if God is for you who can be against you. (Romans 8:31-34)
b) no matter what happens God's love is stable. (Romans 8:35-39)
6. God's promises are secure for he is always with us. (Matthew 28:19-20, Jeremiah 1:19)
7. God's power is always the same:-

a) He will always keep us. (John 10:29, 2 Timothy 1:12,)
b) God does not forget us or lose His power to keep. (Jude 24)
c) Even if we fall away from fellowship we still are saved. (2 Timothy 2:13)
8. God knew before time what we would need in time and has provided for the supply of all our needs. (Philippians 4:19,
Hebrews 4:16, Ephesians 3:12,)
9. God has the power to bless us. (2 Corinthians 9:8)
10. God is able to make all grace abound towards us. (Ephesians 3:20)
JOEL 3:17-21
17 So shall ye know that I am the LORD your God dwelling in Zion, my holy mountain: then shall Jerusalem be
holy, and there shall no strangers pass through her any more. 18 And it shall come to pass in that day, that the
mountains shall drop down new wine, and the hills shall flow with milk, and all the rivers of Judah shall flow
with waters, and a fountain shall come forth out of the house of the LORD, and shall water the valley of Shittim.
19 Egypt shall be a desolation, and Edom shall be a desolate wilderness, for the violence against the children of
Judah, because they have shed innocent blood in their land. 20 But Judah shall dwell for ever, and Jerusalem
from generation to generation. 21 For I will cleanse their blood that I have not cleansed: for the LORD dwelleth in
Zion.
KEY WORDS
Know Yada Know

God Elohim God
Dwelling Shakan Lodge, Dwell
Holy Qodesh Holy, Sacred place
Mountain Har Mountain, Hill
Stranger Zur Stranger
Pass through Abar Cross over
Come to pass Hayah Come to pass
Day Yom Day
Drop down Nataph Drop down
New Wine Asiys New sweet wine
Hills Gibah Little hill, Hillock
Flow Balak Walk, Flow
Milk Chalab Milk
Rivers Aphiyq River
Waters Mayim Water
JOEL 69
Fountain Mayan Fountain
Come forth Yatsa Go
House Bayith House
Valley Nachal Valley
Shall be Hayah Be, Become
Desolation Shemamah Desolate, Devastation
Wilderness Midbar Wilderness, Desert
Violence Chamas Violence
Against - Not found in the original
Shed Shaphak Spill out, Shed
Innocent Naqiy Innocent, Blameless
Blood Dam Blood
Land Erets Earth, Land
Dwell Yashab Dwell, Sit down
Forever Olam Perpetual, Forever
Generation Dor Generation, Posterity
Cleanse Naqah Make clean
17 So shall ye know that I am the LORD your God dwelling in Zion, my holy mountain: then shall Jerusalem be
holy, and there shall no strangers pass through her any more. 18 And it shall come to pass in that day, that the
mountains shall drop down new wine, and the hills shall flow with milk, and all the rivers of Judah shall flow
with waters, and a fountain shall come forth out of the house of the LORD, and shall water the valley of Shittim.
19 Egypt shall be a desolation, and Edom shall be a desolate wilderness, for the violence against the children of
Judah, because they have shed innocent blood in their land. 20 But Judah shall dwell for ever, and Jerusalem
from generation to generation. 21 For I will cleanse their blood that I have not cleansed: for the LORD dwelleth in
Zion.
The believers who know the Scriptures know what this darkness is. During the 24 hours while the unbelievers are
considering their eternal future and the immature believers do not know what is going on the mature believer is aware
that he has survived the terrible time of the Tribulation and can now look forward to enjoying the huge blessings of the
Millennium. They know that there will be no further invasions as the Lord is in Jerusalem.
A picture of the prosperity of the Millennial reign of Christ is now given in a graphic picture with wine flowing from the
mountains, milk from the hills and cool water in the rivers of Judah with water coming from Jerusalem to irrigate the
valley of Shittim. After huge desolation the peace and prosperity is amazing
In contrast the Arab countries who have opposed those from Judah will be greatly judged for their actions. Their anti-
Semitism has reaped great judgment from God. There will be great desolation. See Prophecy – Arabs in Prophecy
below.
In contrast Judah and Jerusalem will have a wonderful future with the King of Kings and Lord of Lords reigning from the
city of Peace. The Lord will dwell in Zion. The Plan of God is now accomplished. Satan is in the bottomless pit and the
knowledge of the Lord covers the earth as the waters cover the sea.
APPLICATION
One of the greatest attributes for a believer is to know Bible doctrine. It allows the believer to be stable under all
conditions and to appreciate the person and work of the Lord Jesus Christ
God has a plan for history and that plan is given in the Scriptures. Because God has always known every detail in
history the fulfilment of the plan of God is absolutely certain.
DOCTRINES
PROPHECY - ARABS IN PROPHECY
1. The Arabs Nations will be in conflict with Israel until the Second Advent.
2. The "Root of the Conflict" is given in (Genesis 12) where we have the beginning of Israel, through Abraham, Isaac and
Jacob (v 1-3) and also the beginning of the Arabs, through Ishmael and Esau (v 8-20).
JOEL 70
3. During a famine, Abraham chose to go to Egypt rather than remain in the Promised Land. This was a lack of faith on
his part. The Pharaoh takes Sarai into his harem and pays the bride price to Abraham who pretends to be her brother.
Included in the bride price is an Egyptian maidservant called Hagar, who will become the mother of Ishmael.
4. Because Sarai is barren, she suggests to Abraham that he have children by Hagar (Genesis 16). This was in
accordance with the laws of that day where, if a wife was unable to produce children, it was her responsibility to provide
a servant so that the line would continue. Again we have a lapse of faith.
5. In those days barren women were despised, and Hagar openly gloats to Sarai over the birth of Ishmael. Sarai reacts
and causes Hagar to flee in a pregnant state from Abraham. In her flight she has an encounter with the Angel of the Lord,
who gives a series of prophecies as to the future of her son.
6. The prophecies regarding Ishmael
a) "He will be as a wild ass of a man". This is not as derogatory a statement as it would be today as in the ancient world
many herds of wild asses roamed. The prophecy therefore means that the descendants of Ishmael would be nomadic.
b) "His hand shall be against every man". The characteristic of Ishmael is that of aggression and he will attack those with
whom he comes in contact.
c) "Every man's hand shall be against him". His aggression will bring retaliation upon himself.
d) "He shall dwell over against his brother". This is a Hebrew idiom indicating that the Arabs will dwell in a state of
hostility side by side with his brother.
7. In the meantime, God opens Sarah's womb, and Isaac is born. In (Genesis 21) we have the weaning party of Isaac,
which would have occurred between the ages of three and five, at which we find Ishmael mocking his half brother, Isaac.
As a result of this mocking Hagar and Ishmael are expelled from Abraham's presence on God's orders and their
wanderings begin. Ishmael eventually marries an Egyptian.
8. The other father of the Arabs is Isaac's son, Esau, twin brother of Jacob (Genesis 25). Esau was born first and
therefore had the birthright which gave him the kingship, priesthood and the double portion.
9. Isaac's family had become wealthy and therefore Esau's hunger was not a life threatening situation. He despised his
birthright, and was willing to sell it for a mere bowl of soup.
10. The patriarchal blessing is for the person holding the birthright thus Jacob is entitled to the blessing. The sin is in the
deception by Jacob and his mother. In (Genesis 27:41) it states that Esau hated Jacob because of the patriarchal
blessing, and plots his murder. This again shows the antagonism between the Arabs and the Jews.
11. By (Numbers 20) Esau's descendants have become the great nation of Edom and those of Jacob have been slaves
of Egypt for several generations. The Jews are miraculously released to travel towards their inheritance in Canaan. The
easiest route is through the land of Edom. Moses petitions the Edomites for passage through their land by means of the
King's highway but is refused with violence.
12. In the book of Judges we read of the Ishmaelites inflicting damages against Israel and subjugating them.
13. In (Psalm 83) the writer views prophetically the union of nations which comprise the modern Arab states, conspiring
together to eliminate Israel.
The nations are as follows:-
(v6) Edom - Southern Jordan, Ishmael is the father of one segment of the modern world, Moab is in Central Jordan, the
Hagarines were from Egypt.
(v7) Gibal is in Lebanon, Amon is in Northern Jordan, Amalek was in the Sinai Peninsula, Philistia is in the Gaza Strip,
Tyre is in Lebanon.
(v8) Assyria comprises all of Iraq and much of modern Syria.
14. The Future of the Arab Nations. The individual prophecies are as follows:-
a) Lebanon - peace will come by means of occupation. Scripture gives the borders of Israel during the Messianic
kingdom. It shows Israel occupying all of modern day Lebanon during that period. (Ezekiel 47:13-48:29)
b) Jordan - comprises three ancient nations; Edom, Moab and Ammon. In all three cases peace comes between Israel
and Jordan by destruction though not all to the same extent.
JOEL 71
i) Edomites - in (Ezekiel 35:6-9) it becomes a perpetual desolation whilst in (v 14-16) it remains desolate even when the
rest of the world is beautified during the Millennium. This is again confirmed in (Isaiah 34:8-15) and in (Jeremiah 49:14-
22).
In (Obadiah 17-21) it is noted as part of Israelite territory though no one gets to live there.
Finally in (Ezekiel 25 :12-14) the cause of their destruction is the nation Israel. War will therefore break out between
Israel and Jordan and the southern part of Jordan will be destroyed as a result.
ii) Moab - which comprises central Jordan will also be destroyed but not to the same degree according to (Jeremiah
48:1-46.) In (v 47) the Scriptures indicate that there will be a Moabite land during the Millennium.
iii) Ammon or northern Jordan will also be destroyed but will be inhabited according to (Jeremiah 49:1-6)
c) Egypt - peace comes to Egypt by destruction initially followed by conversion as stated in (Isaiah 19 :1-22). In the first
ten verses God's punishment of Egypt is described with economic collapse and wide scale unemployment.
The conversion of the Egyptians will occur in three stages:-
i) in (v 16-17) the Egyptians will develop a fear of Israel;
ii) in (v 18) we note that five cities in the land of Egypt will be speaking the language of Canaan which is Hebrew;
iii) in (v 19-22) we are told that the Egyptians will fall under a cruel dictatorship which will cause them to turn away from
their god to worship the true God, the Messiah.
According to (Joel 3:19) Egypt was to suffer a similar fate as Edom but not quite the same.
In (Ezekiel 29:8-14) the land of Egypt will be desolate without inhabitants with the Egyptians dispersed among the
nations for the first forty years of the Millennial Kingdom. After the forty year period the Egyptians will be regathered to
form a nation in the Kingdom.
According to (Zechariah 14) they will have an annual pilgrimage to Jerusalem for the Feast of Tabernacles
d) Syria and Iraq - peace with Israel will occur through conversion according to (Isaiah 19:23-25) and will be blessed in
the Kingdom with the exception of the city of Babylon which will be a perpetual desolation.
DOCTRINES
DOCTRINE PAGE
ANTI SEMITISM 13
APOSTACY 13
BAPTISMS 64
CHRIST: FIRST AND SECOND ADVENT 38
CHRISTIAN LIFE: BACKSLIDING AND RECOVERY 23
CHRISTIAN LIFE: BLESSING OF THE BELIEVER 24
CHRISTIAN LIFE: CONFESSION AND FORGIVENESS 25
CHRISTIAN LIFE : DISCIPLINE OF BELIEVERS 25
CHRISTIAN LIFE: FAITH 58
CHRISTIAN LIFE: FAITH - OVERCOMING BY FAITH 59
CHRISTIAN LIFE: FASTING 26
CHRISTIAN LIFE: PRAYER 45
CHRISTIAN LIFE: REPENTANCE 26
CHRISTIAN LIFE: ROYAL FAMILY OF GOD 7
CHRISTIAN LIFE: SUFFERING 27
CHRISTIAN LIFE: THINKING BIBLICALLY 13
CHURCH 7
CHURCH AND ISRAEL 5
COVENANTS 47
COVENANTS: ABRAHAMIC 48
COVENANTS: PALESTINIAN 48
COVENANTS: DAVIDIC 48
JOEL 72
COVENANTS: NEW 49
DAY 28
DISPENSATIONS 6
DISPENSATION OF THE MILLENNIUM 53
DREAMS 58
DRINKING ALCOHOL 15
EVANGELISM IN THE TRIBULATION 42
EVIL 47
FEAR 53
GRACE 42
GOD: CHARACTER OF GOD 43
GOD: COMFORT FOR BELIEVERS 44
GOD: DIVINE INSTITUTIONS - NATIONS -NATIONAL DISCIPLINE 12
GOD - GOD CARES FOR YOU 66
GOD: PLAN OF GOD 46
HAPPINESS: HAPPINESS AND EXPERIMENTS IN ECCLESIASTES 16
HEART 42
HOLY SPIRIT: FILLING OF THE HOLY SPIRIT 57
HOMOSEXUALITY 65
ISRAEL 65
ISRAEL - NATIONAL DIVINE DISCIPLINE 12
JERUSALEM 37
JUDGMENT: BAPTISM OF FIRE 58
JUDGMENT: CURSE 23
KINGDOM: MILLENNIAL KINGDOM 52
MERCY 43
MILITARY FORCES 17
OFFERINGS: LEVITICAL OFFERINGS REPRESENT CHRIST 18
PENTECOST AND THE PROPHECY OF JOEL 56
POVERTY 52
PROPHECY - ARABS IN PROPHECY 68
PROPHET 11
REMNANT 23
SALVATION : EXPIATION AND PROPITIATION 20
TABERNACLE 28
WEEP AND HOWL 16
WEEPING 16
ZION 38
JOEL 73

A Study of The Book of JOEL

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EVANGELICAL BIBLE COLLEGE OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA

DR. PETER MOSES

WHO IS JESUS CHRIST?

HOW CAN I BE SAVED?

Salvation is available for all members of the human race.

How do I become a Christian?

The results of Salvation

The results of this are unbelievably wonderful:

JOEL AND THE DAY OF THE LORD

THREE REASONS FOR JOEL'S PROPHECY

There are three main reasons for Joel prophecies.

[b] To exhort Judah to turn their hearts to the Lord.

DIVISION OF THE BOOK OF JOEL

[a] Chapter 1 - A plague of locusts looking into the immediate future

[b] Chapter 2:1-11 - Imminent judgement

[c] Chapter 2:12-27 The call to repentance

[c] The repentance of the Israelites. 2 12:-17

[d] The Lord promises deliverance for the Israelites. 2:18-27

[f] The signs of the Second Advent of Christ. 2:30-32

CHURCH AND ISRAEL

The Church is different to Israel.

1. General Scripture (Ephesians 3:1-5) Key words -

3. Human history is divided biblically into 4 Dispensations.

5. Greek words related to time.

6. Diagrammatic layout of Dispensations.

7. Responsible Agents for the Gospel.

1. Greek EKKLESIA (literally "the called out ones")

CHRISTIAN LIFE: ROYAL FAMILY OF GOD

2. Basis of royalty in the Church Age.

3. Precedent for Royalty.

Word Dabar Word, Matter

BACKGROUND AND ANALYSIS

a) Aaron was a preacher (Exodus 7:1).

e) They were encouragers of the people (Ezra 5:2).

g) They led in prayer at worship (2 Chronicles 32:20).

GOD: DIVINE INSTITUTIONS - NATIONS -NATIONAL DISCIPLINE

ISRAEL - NATIONAL DIVINE DISCIPLINE

1. Leviticus 26 states the five cycles of discipline

3. The concept of Israel

CHRISTIAN LIFE: THINKING BIBLICALLY

1. We must think with Holy Spirit filled discernment. Refer SPIRITUALITY.

1. Apostasy means falling away.

4. The apostate is declared in (2 Timothy 4:3-4) and (1 John 2:19)

6. There will be a great apostasy prior to the Rapture (2 Thessalonians 2:3)

Awake Quts Awake

BACKGROUND AND ANALYSIS

2. Drinking of alcoholic beverages is to be avoided in certain positions of leadership.

3. Drinking of alcoholic beverages proved disastrous for certain persons

8. Importance of abstinence from alcoholic beverages in youth cannot be over emphasised.

WEEP AND HOWL

"Weep and howl" is a phrase used as a prophetic warning

4. It is also associated with the destruction of other cities and nations.

8. Alcoholics howl (Joel 1:5).

2. Sinful type weeping

3. Bona-fide areas of weeping.

HAPPINESS: HAPPINESS AND EXPERIMENTS IN ECCLESIASTES

3. The Lord has promised to provide everything we NEED. 2 Corinthians 9:8.

a) EXPERIMENT 1 - EDUCATION (Ecclesiastes 1:12-18)

b) EXPERIMENT 2 - PLEASURE (Ecclesiastes 2:1 -11)