in Woodworking

By M. W. MURRAY

Poria. Illinois
 LIBRARY
OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA.

Class
PROBLEMS IN WOODWORKING
BY M. W. MURRAY

SECOND THOUSAND

THE MANUAL ARTS PRESS

PEORIA, ILLINOIS
 \

GENERAL

COPYRIGHT,
THE MANUAL ARTS PRESS,
1905.
 FOREWORD

A REALIZATION of the difficulty in obtaining drawings of good models which can be

given as class exercises
has led to the preparation of these problems. The aim has been to save teachers the labor of making draw-
ings and blue prints of models, many of which are in general use at the present time.
No attempt has been made to plan a course of study or to arrange" the .models with any special regard to a logical
order of exercises, but for convenience they have been grouped by grades. No models have been included which have
not been successfully made by boys in the three upper grammar grades.
It is not intended that artisans or others with little or no experience in teaching and less knowledge of educational
principles shall use these drawings and labor under the mistaken idea that they are teaching manual training. In put-
ting these drawings into the hands of teachers, it is hoped that the effect may be to provide additional time for the
solution of new problems instead of tending to make the work more definitely formal and lifeless. In the hands of the
progressive teacher, there will be little danger of the latter.
Many of the problems can be presented to the class and worked out in various ways, according to the individuality
of the different pupils. Whenever possible, the work should be correlated with the regular work of the school the
science, arithmetic, written work, physical training, and especially the drawing or art work. Such a plan results in a

great saving of time to the manual-training teacher while it gives more life to other subjects.
The sources of the models have been acknowledged as far as possible on the plates, but special mention is made
of thenumber of drawings used by permission of Gustaf Larsson, principal of tfie Sloyd Training School, Boston, Mass.
In the preparation of the work the criticisms of Charles A. Bennett, editor of the Manual Training Magazine, have been
especially helpful and suggestive.

June 26, 1905. M. W. MURRAY, Springfield, Mass.

 LIST OF PLATES

The following arrangement of problems by grades is made for convenience in selecting models for class and individual
use and may aid in planning courses of study.

GRADE VII

1. Hat -rack 5. Whisk -broom holder 9. Blotter

2. Broom Holder 6. Stationery box 10. Toothbrush holder
3. Sleeve-board 7. Footstool (with padded top) 11. Solitaire board
4. Shelf 8. Knife-polishing box 12. Pressing-board (for butterflies)

GRADE VIII

1. Coat hanger 5. Box 9. Knife-box

2. Flower-pot stand 6. Flower table 10.
Desk-tray
3. Key-boards 7. Bench-hook n. Taboret
4. Pen-trav 8. Drawing-board and T-square 12.Canoe paddle

GRADE IX
1. Tool-rack 6. Printing frame 11. Towel-rack
2. Coat-and-trousers hanger 7. Towel-roller 12. Folding table
3. Bread-board 8. Mirror 13. Medicine cabinet
4. Book shelves 9. Footstool 14. Dovetailed book-rack
5. Umbrella stand 10. Plate-rack 15. Book-rack
16. Boat
 NOTES ON PROBLEHS concave parts and the chisel on the convex. It may in
some cases be necessary to use the knife before sand-
The suggestions and comments embodied in the papering and the pupils can be shown that the best work
is made
ready for sand-paper with the edged tools, not
following notes are based on several years' experience,
torn away with a file. Where boys are not capable of
and it is hoped that they may prove helpful in connec-
tion with the problems. working out the opening it can be omitted and the piece
used for a shelf and brush rack by putting in three hooks
GRADE VII. on the under side.
Hat-rack. The need of a model which emphasizes The
Sleeve-board. size may be varied according to
the process of planing has led to the selection of the hat-
need, and a base added if desired. The edges may be
rack. It has been used most successfully when the pupils
made half-round, thus giving opportunity for an exercise
have had for the preceeding and first piece, such a model in chamfering, but this has been found too difficult when
as the plant support(iSxix^ inches made from stock 18^ the model is used in the first part of the seventh grade.
x2xjg inches) on which they have worked off part of their
Shelf. Special emphasisis laid on the nailing exer-
surplus energy and are willing to make something with
greater care. The holes in the hat-rack are made 16 ercises which thisproblem presents. The model gives an
inches apart because the studs in modern houses are that opportunity to design the back and bracket and to vary
distance on centers. the size.

Broom Holder. This model gives drill in planing Whisk-broom Holder. This problem has been used
with the additional exercises of laying out the corners and successfully in connection with the drawing work. The
pupils design the back and make a working drawing in the
sawing to the knife and gauge lines. To these are added
the laying out and cutting the opening for the broom. A studio, and then construct the model in the manual-train-

good way to work out this recess is to bore two %-in. ing room.
holes and after cutting away the wood with a turning saw, Stationery Box and Footstool (with padded top).
finish to the lines with a %-in. inside bevel gouge for the These are good for the last pieces in the seventh grade.
They also prove satisfactory models in other grades for as hygienic a toothbrush holder as possible. When the
Christmas presents. problem was worked out in classroom, the pupils agreed
that the brushes should not touch one another nor the
Footstool. A
problem which can be given to "re-
woodwork, and that the part to catch the drippings
peaters" who may not be very good workmen, is presented
should be of such material that it could be easily cleaned,
in the foot-stool. It is a simple piece, all planing being
hence the copper work. Snip shears are used for cutting
straight, and the nailing and screwing requiring no special
the coppe*r which is so light that it bends readily with a
skill. The ends or legs, which may be designed, are
pair of square-nosed pliers.
clamped to the frame and made to stand true before
screwing together. GRADE VIII.

Solitaire Board. Exercises in laying out and bevel- Coat Hanger. This has proved a good model for
It is a good piece the first one in the eighth grade because it furnishes an
ing are provided in this game board.
to make at Christmas or at the end of the year when little opportunity to review planing before working out the
time remains, as it can be made very quickly. A large shape. Some teachers have had the boys measure their
number of games which can be played on the board is to shoulders and make the model to fit their coats. Such
be found in Every Boy's Manual, published by G. Rout- a plan has merit, in that it
encourages individual work.
ledge & Son, 1877. London and New York.
Flower-pot Stand. Special stress is laid on the
Blotter. The rocker part may be made from a planing, laying out and the cutting of the joint. The ap-
7
8 -inch piece of white pine by veneering the edges with plication of this joint to other and larger pieces, such as
)^-inch mahogany. A
design may be worked out on the base of a revolving bookcase, a kite frame, etc.,
the top with a veining tool as suggested. It is a piece should be shown. The boy should, of course, be taught
which requires considerable accuracy but is adapted to to plane the wood for the model in one long piece to save

any grade. time and material.

Toothbrush Holder. In this model the drawing and Key-board. The boys should make their own de-
the manual training are correlated. The aim is to make signs, having in mind the fact they must be related to the
hooks. These designs may be made at home or in maple or ash, the first being found the best for school

school, and after being approved, may, if desired, be work. The

length of the paddle should be determined
worked out at home with veining-tool loaned for the by the height of the user. A bow paddle should usually
purpose. be shorter than a stern paddle. The dimensions given
have been found good for general work. If necessary
Pen-tray, Desk-tray. Either may be used for the
first accuracy of measurement should be sacrificed to good
gouging.
curves. The plan should be carefully drawn on the
Any kind or size may be made. The hinge
Box. broad surface and cut ;
then the elevation should be
and catch may be designed, then worked out and fastened made. The blade should be planed out while the handle
on with escutcheon pins. In working the copper (25 gauge, is It has been found convenient to have one or
square.
are snip shears, small safe-
soft) the only tools required more wooden planes with their bottoms planed
old-style
edge a light hammer and pliers.
file, The holes can be off to the shape of the paddle, and the irons ground
fit

made with any sharp tool. In working up the joint over to suit the bottoms, for working out around the rib on
a brad, the copper becomes hard enough to make a the blade, but this is not necessary as it can be done
durable hinge. with the gouge, spoke-shave and plane.
Bench-hook, Drawing-board and T-square. These
are pieces which require considerable skill and appeal to
GRADE IX.

pupils who use such tools at home. Coat-and-Trousers Hanger. The combination of a
Flower Table, Taboret. Both are good problems good model and a useful article is found in this problem.
for pupils who are not capable of making a mortise-and- If the w ood for the back is first planed to i8x3%x%
y

tenon joint. The curved legs of the table may be laid inches, the blocks in which the cross-piece slides can be
out on one piece of wood with very little waste of cut from the upper corners. The grooves should be laid
material. out w ith the gauge and try square and cut out with the
r

back-saw and chisel.

Canoe Paddle. This is an excellent piece of form
work which may be made from straight-grained spruce, Book Shelves. These may be designed to stand in
the center of a table, on a table against the wall, or to stock has been glued up) the deck may be glued and
hang on the wall. nailed in place.

Mirror. The recess for the back can be worked out The amount of lead for a model yacht may be deter-
mined when the hull is finished by putting in sufficient
by using a washer cutter, Forstner bit and chisel.
weight to sink it to the load water line and then weighing
Boat. It is much more profitable for boys to design
what has been used.
their own and additional interest is created when
boats,
The lead may be cast in moulds either of wood,
several are made and raced. Since many boys are work-
home with electric motors and small steam-engines, plaster-of-paris or sand, by first making a wooden pattern
ing at and shape. The wooden mould has
of the right size
it a good plan to encourage the building of power
is
been found very satisfactory. It is made by taking two
boats. It has not been found practicable to make such
pieces of wood about 2 inches longer than the pattern,
boats less than 34 inches long, as they will not hold the
motors, batteries, etc.
the same width as the pattern, and from J^ to of an ^
inch thick, and cutting one-half the shape of the pattern
Approximate rules for designing sail boats
out of each piece. The line made by the meeting of the
:

The -width should not be more than one-third of the two broad faces should correspond to the center line
length and in case of boats 24 inches or less not much which runs lengthwise through the pattern. When this
under one-third the length. is done, the two halves of the mould are fastened together
and pieces nailed to the top and bottom. Two 6 -inch%
The mast may be placed one-third or half way be-
dowels should extend through the mould from top to
tween one-third and one-half way from the bow. bottom, to form the holes for the screws which fasten the
In making the ////, it is desirable to work to centre lead to the upper keel. In addition to this the top should
out and cutting the deck plan first, then the have a pouring hole and one or more vent holes. The
lines, laying
size of the pattern from which the mould is made may be
sheer plan and lastly shaping the hull, finishing it smooth
figured on the basis of a cubic inch of cast lead weighing
before boring and gouging out the inside. After the in-
(A piece of lead 2xixi<2-inches also weighs
.408 pounds.
side is finished, the sheer of the deck may be cut. .408 pounds, etc.)
When the keel has been screwed on and the inside The deck and spars should be finished with spar
of the boat painted (this should always be done if the varnish.
M. W. MURRAY.

Hal- Rack

3<

18

3^ >

A57. /25 ZT/7^/ ^ Ha/-Hooks used af

M. W. MURRAY.

Broom Ha/der

10
PROBLEMS IN WOODWORK
**B*Hott< r THE MANUAL AKTS PRESS
M. W. MURRAY.

5/eevE Board

Training Brhgol, Boston, Mass.

 THE MANUAL ARTS PRESS
M. W. MURRAY.

may be designed.

12
 OF
UNIVERSITY
OF
M. W MURRAY
W/7/5/c Braam Haider

/) /a he designed. Sides B may he tapered fa /f /?/

 THE MANUAL ARTS PRESS
M. W. MURRAY. in
Box

E ffi

j\

-CVJ
CO

T/T/S 60* may 6e made // /ary fa take

8x /O ^a^
 THE MANUAL ARTS PRESS
M. W. MURRAY.

PacJdin

. Lent Sprinafff/J, Ma
M. W, MURRAY. Knife Palishing BDX
M. W. MURRAY

nd mgj/
ay
worked out" iv/7/f

fan Mass
t
 M. W MURRAY
Tonth Brush Haider

shou/d Ae
de/erm>npd by
number of brushes,
2 musf be added
for eacb add/-
//ona/ bru-5/r.

Parts marked
M fa be snoJ/f/ed.
 M. W. MURRAY.

Board

scutcheon pina fJ-J4) Holes horsd with

00 Afa. 52 drill.

The puzz/e consists in sa jumpinjj pins an s tranj /if- /inEsjTas /f B& .

Dj thai- when
o ins nave been jumaeiJ f-he 32^/5 /eff- sn the cenf-rz ha/e.
all

.{.. Wins/owj Springfield, Mass.

 THE MANUAL AKTS PRESS
M. W. MURRAY. flO.KI/1, ILLINOIS.

Board
rf

15

inserted <?/ A 3a that- butt-erf/iej5 may be ninned to /'/.

Po/utrrtinii: /fisfitvfa, Pcaria, III.

20
 M. W. MURRAY.

Hanger

5/cujd Tr&tn/mj Schgp I, Bo^fgrr,

21
J UNIVERSITY
OF
 M. W. MURRAY.

3/aud Train/nu JSff>oof. Bus fan,

UNIVERSITY
OF
 THE MANUAL AKTS PRESS
M. W MURRAY
Boards

23
 THE MANUAL ARTS PRESS
M. W MURRAY.

Pen

.1.

Tr&tnintj School, Bosto

24
M. w MURRAY
Box

1
 OFTHE
UNIVERSITY
OF
M. W. MURRAV.

F/awer Tsb/e

E4"

26
M. W. MURRAY.

Bench Hook

10100
:
rf -l<M

NioO
I

Grain or wood /77y A^ made /-a run the same way in all
pieces.
 OFTH
UNIVERSITY
OF
JFORNil
M. W MURRAY
Board and T JSa

f
Glued Joint.
A ^

10

19

j|-
Brass Spring
ll-
used at A
/node from
25 jauffe jarinq brass.
^2

28
 OFTHE
UNIVERSITY
OF
 M. W. MURRAY.

Knife
Box

This hox may be msde with

parH Hans from /If-aB,
and C to D, and be used as a nail hax
.

Slayd Training Bchonl. Boston, Mass.

29
M. W. MURKAY.
Desk Tray

30
 OP THE
UN'VERSiTY
OF
 THE MANUAL ARTS PRES
M. w. MURRAY.

. t

..'T

CVJ

-IRJ
en

* 00

rS
^
IZ

31
 THE MANUAL Arrrs PRESS
M. W. MURRAY. Canoe Paddle

A. 3.

IS
jjorttce.

32
 OFTHE
UNIVERSITY
OF
 THE MANUAL ARTS PRESS
M. W. MURRAY.

Tan/ Rack

3.L 5" 3" 3" 3" . 3" 5'

4T4
I?
4-'ni6f4n I
4

'rote
|i6|

^ -ico

may he made /a suif- the number and size of Fop/a.

D/\s fence /i fa he faund
Training -Schaa/, Boffan t Mass.
M. W. MURRAY.
CaaJ- and
to D

-ICM
n ft/afit end
UIEUJS of crass
at see C . te IVaad.

D.
 OFTHE
UNIVERSITY
OF
 M. W MURRAY.

Brsad Board

Cum or Butternut.

of W. Pine .

Cam of Butternut,

15

5/ayd Trgin/ny Schao/, Boston, Ma

 OF THE
UNIVERSITY
OF
M. w. MURRAY.
UNIVERSITY
OF
M. W. MURRAY. Stand
 OF THE
UNIVERSITY
OF
 THE MANUAL ARTS PRESS
M. W. MURRAY.

Pr/ntimj Frame

I -1
r
f

-ico
<>

c LJ

38
 OF THE
UNIVERSITY
OF
 THE MANUAL ARTS PRESS
M. W. MURRAY.

TDWB/ Ralter

171

CO J -100
CO
s".

Lef/- jade v/ew of

A.

39
M. W. MURRAY
Mirror

Y/////////M//////^^^

40
M. W. MURRAY.

T-r->-

5tOOf
All P/eces

41
 Plate Rack

-384

"-pa
ts.

ir E ^H

3= 35

41

~Jaf'n/~5 fiawe/, MarfisE-and- Tenorr ar _/a/nf shawn rn&L/ be used

Jj/JE/ves fave/rg/rt earners roundsd snd are screwed an ram
f
42
 OF THE
UNIVERSITY
OF
 THE MANUAL ARTS PRESS
M. W. MURRAY

43
 THE MANUAL ARTS PRESS
M. W. MURRAY.

fb/dino Tab/e

10

Pie to from

IMIIMIIIIIMMIMMIM?
I 2 3 * 5 6 7 e 10 II 12 13
r
M. W. MURRAY

Da VE failed Bank Rack

46
M. W. MURRAY.

Baak Rack
 OF THE
UNIVERSITY
OF
UJFOBN^
M. W. MURRAY.

/_ ffa/e far rudder '

in line wit-fi AeeJ .

48
M. W. MURRAY. Made* .THE MANUAL AKTS PRES

PJar?

49
 OFTHE
UNIVERSITY
OF
 M. W MURRAY Made/ Yacht THE MANUAL ARTS PRES >

Deta/te
u
~
tV/rs T6/n cooper /au
yper/oap --3- */

24-1-
Main Mast-

Gr&c/ua/ /-aae
Shrouds / Tap Mast /5"

*n
y Bowsprit -J

Taper
Brad to work /'r? w/reeue on bnwspr/f
^
/ ~~^^
15
^7 Boom
"rt5|i9

/ k *-, . 4Tr-'/ x
Boom
;
-i03 Make Three.

23
- 1

?^/s /?/7^ Put/eys Mahogany

t -^
.

:?/ made from straight grain White P/ns.

50
 LOAN
This book
DEPT.
due on the last date stamped below, or
is
on the date to which renewed.
Renewed books are subject to immediate recall.