DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

Syllabus of B.A./B.Sc. I Semester approved in BOS: 17-05-2022
Course Title Calculus
Course Number MMBSMJ1001
Credits 4
Course Category Major/Core
Prerequisite Courses None
Contact Hours 4 Lectures/week
Type of Course Theory
Course Assessment Sessional Tests 30%
Semester Examination 70%
Course Objectives The main objectives of this course are to deal with the following topics:
 Some topics of Calculus which are ignored in Class XII, namely, indeterminate forms,
improper integrals, integration by beta and gamma functions, expansion of functions by
Maclaurin’s theorem and Taylor’s theorem, and Curve sketching.
 Polar coordinate system and curvature
 Volume and surface of solids of revolution
 Introduction of functions of several variables and the concepts of limit, continuity, and
differentiability for such functions
 Cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems
Course Outcomes On successful completion of this course, student will be able to know:
 How to sketch the graph of functions.
 Different kinds of coordinate systems, namely, polar coordinates, cylindrical
coordinates, spherical coordinates.
 How to find the volume and surface of solids of revolution by using integral
 Functions of several variables and the concept of limit, continuity, and differentiability
of such functions.
Contents of Syllabus No. of Lectures
UNIT I: Indeterminate forms, Improper integrals, Expansion of Functions, Curve sketching
Indeterminate forms, L’Hopital rule; Improper integrals, Integration by beta and gamma functions;
Successive differentiation (𝑛𝑡ℎ derivative) of well-known functions, Leibnitz’s theorem; Expansion 12
of functions: Maclaurin’s theorem and Taylor’s theorem; Curve sketching: Asymptotes of the
algebraic curves, parallel asymptotes, Asymptotes parallel to axes, Concavity, Double points and
their types, Equation of the tangent(s) at the origin.
UNIT II: Polar coordinates and Curvature
Parametric equations of plane curves; Polar coordinates and their relations with rectangular
coordinates; Asymptotes in polar coordinates; Graph of polar equation; Conics in polar coordinates;
Slope of tangent line in parametric and polar form; Area in polar coordinates; Curvature: curvature, 12
radius of curvature, arc length in parametric, Cartesian, and polar forms, Intrinsic formula for radius
of curvature; Cartesian, parametric and Polar formulae for radius of curvature, Pedal formula for the
radius of curvature
UNIT III: Volume and Surface of Solids of Revolution
Volume using cross-section (Slicing by parallel planes); Solids of revolution (Disk method and
Washer method); Volume by disks for rotation about x-axis and about y-axis; Volume using 12
cylindrical shell (slicing with cylinders); The shell formula for revolution about a vertical line; Area
of surface of revolution about x-axis and about y-axis.
UNIT IV: Functions of Several Variables: Limit, Continuity and Differentiability
Functions of several variables, Contour curves, level curves and level surfaces, Cylindrical and
spherical coordinate systems and their relations with Cartesian coordinates, Limit, and continuity for 12
functions of several variables, Partial derivatives, Geometric meaning of partial derivative, Relation
between partial derivatives and continuity, homogeneous functions, Euler’s theorem and higher
derivatives, Differentiability, Total differentiation, Chain rule for functions of several variables.
 Total No. of Lectures 48
th
Textbooks*/ 1. *G. B. Thomas Jr., M.D. Weir, J. Hass, Calculus, 12 Ed., Pearson Publication.
Reference 2. *H. Anton, I. Bivens and S. Davis, Calculus, 7th Edition, John Wiley & Sons
Books 3. *J. Stewart, Calculus, 5e, Thomson, Books / Cole
4. R.E. Johnson, F.L. Kiokemeister and E.S. Wolk, Calculus, Allyn & Bacon, Inc. Boston
5. D. V. Widder: Advanced Calculus, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2nd Ed, 2012
6. N. Piskunov: Differential and Integral Calculus, CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 1996.
 DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
Syllabus of B.A./B.Sc. I Semester approved in BOS: 17-05-2022
Course Title Two-dimensional Coordinate Geometry
Course Number MMBSMJ1002
Credits 2
Course Category Major/Core
Prerequisite Courses Introductory Co-ordinate Geometry
Contact Hours 2 Lectures/week
Type of Course Theory
Course Assessment Sessional Tests 30%
Semester Examination 70%
Course Objectives The primary objective of this course is to introduce the basic tools of plane geometry and
geometric properties of different conic sections which are helpful to understand their
applications to the real-world problems.
Course Outcomes  This course will enable the students to:
 Basic knowledge about pair of straight lines
 Elementary properties of conic sections in the Cartesian and polar coordinate systems.
 General equation of second degree in two variables
Contents of Syllabus No. of Lectures
UNIT I: Pair of Straight Lines 6
General transformation (change of axes), Invariants, Removal of -term, Pair of straight lines:
Homogeneous equation of second degree, Angle between two lines, General equation of second
degree, Necessary and sufficient condition that general equation of second degree represents a pair
of straight lines, Lines joining the origin to the intersection of a curve and a line.
UNIT II: Conic Sections
Circle: General equation of a circle, Equation of a circle one of whose diameter is the line joining
( ) and ( ). The tangent to the circle Length of tangent to a circle from a
given point, common tangent to two circles.
Ellipse: Auxiliary circle for an ellipse, eccentric angle, parametric equation of an ellipse. The 6
director circle.
Hyperbola: Rectangular hyperbola, limiting case of the hyperbola, parameter equation of a
hyperbola, equation of hyperbola when the asymptotes are the coordinate axes. Equation of
tangent and normal at ( 𝑡 ) to the hyperbola
UNIT III: General Equation of Second degrees in two variables
Second degree equations representing a conic section; the intersection of a line and a conic
section; tangent at ( ) to a conic; pair of tangents from a given point; condition of tangency; 6
chord of contact of tangents drawn from a point ( ); pole and poler; conjugate points and
conjugate lines; condition of conjugacy; chord with a given middle point, centre and diameter of a
conic section conjugacy of diameters.
UNIT IV: Polar equations for Conic Sections 6
Polar coordinates, Polar equation of circle; Polar equation of a straight line; Polar equation of
conics when the focus is the pole; directrix; chord of conic joining two given points. Tangent and
normal.
Total No. of Lectures 24
Textbooks*/ 1. S. L. Loney: The Elements of Coordinate Geometry, AITBS Publishers.
Reference 2. *Ram Ballabh: A Textbook of Coordinate Geometry, Prakashan Kendra, Lucknow.
Books 3. Hari Kishan, Co-ordinate Geometry of two dimensions, Atlantic Publishers and distributors,
New Delhi, 2006
4. *C. Smith: An Elementary Treatise on Conic Sections, MacMillon & Co. Ltd
5. Robert J.T. Bell, An Elementary Treatise on Coordinate Geometry of Three Dimension,
MacMillan & Co. Ltd.
 DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
Syllabus of B.A./B.Sc. I Semester approved in BOS: 17-05-2022
Course Title Set Theory
Course Number MMBSMJ1003
Credits 2
Course Category Major/Core
Prerequisite Courses None

Contact Hours 2 Lectures/week

Type of Course Theory
Course Assessment Sessional Tests 30%
Semester Examination 70%
Course Objectives This course aims to introduce students to the following concepts and cognitive skills.
 This course will consist of the basics of mathematical set theory, including well-
ordering, cardinality, characteristic functions and choice functions, equipotent sets,
Cantor’s theorem, Schroeder Bernstein theorem, maximal and minimal elements,
axiom of choice.
Course Outcomes On successful completion of this course student will be able to:
 formalize mathematical statements in ZF set theory.
 Understand cardinal and ordinal arithmetic.
 apply variants of the axiom of choice.
 carry out proofs and constructions by transfinite induction and recursion.
 be familiar with various paradoxes in naive set theory and understand the need for
formalization of set theory.
 know independence results for the continuum hypothesis and the axiom of choice.
 present mathematical arguments to others.
Contents of Syllabus No. of Lectures
UNIT I: Relation and Functions
Revisit of relations and functions, Composition of relation, its matrix representation and 6
properties, Equivalence relation and partition, Fundamental theorem of equivalence relation,
cross partition.
UNIT II: Some Special Kinds of Functions
Functions and their restrictions and extensions, Invertible functions, Characteristic functions 6
and choice functions, Equipotent sets and their properties.
UNIT III: Countable Sets and Cardinality
Infinite sets, Denumerable sets, Countable sets, Continuum, Cardinals, Cardinal arithmetic, 6
Inequalities of cardinal numbers, Cantor’s theorem, Schroeder Bernstein theorem, Continuum
hypothesis.
UNIT IV: Ordered Sets and Their properties
Partially ordered sets, Hasse’s diagram, totally ordered sets, Similar sets, and well-ordered sets, 6
First and last elements, Maximal and minimal elements, Zorn’s lemma (statement), Axiom of
choice, Russel’s paradox.
Total No. of Lectures 24
Textbooks*/ 1. * Seymour Lipschutz: Set Theory and Related Topics, Schaum’s Outline Series.
Reference 2. P. R. Halmos: Naive Set Theory.
Books 3. E. Kamke: Theory of sets, Dover Publication.
 DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
Syllabus of B.A./B.Sc. I Semester approved in BOS: 17-05-2022
Course Title Calculus of Single Variable
Course Number MMBSMN1004
Credits 4
Course Category Minor
Prerequisite Courses None
Contact Hours 4 Lectures/week
Type of Course Theory
Course Assessment Sessional Tests 30%
Semester Examination 70%
Course Objectives The main objectives of this course are to deal with the following topics:
 Some topics of Calculus which are ignored in Class XII, namely, indeterminate
forms, improper integrals, integration by beta and gamma functions, expansion of
functions by Maclaurin’s theorem and Taylor’s theorem, and Curve sketching.
 Polar coordinate system and curvature
 Volume and surface of solids of revolution
Course Outcomes On successful completion of this course, student will be able to know:
 How to sketch the graph of functions
 Indeterminant forms, expansion of functions by Maclaurin’s theorem and Taylor’s
theorem and polar coordinates
 How to find the volume and surface of solids of revolution by using integral
Contents of Syllabus No. of Lectures
UNIT I: Indeterminate Forms, Improper Integrals, Expansion of Functions 12
Indeterminate forms, L’Hopital rule; Improper integrals, Integration by beta and gamma
functions; Successive differentiation (𝑛𝑡ℎ derivative) of well-known functions, Leibnitz’s
theorem; Expansion of functions: Maclaurin’s theorem and Taylor’s theorem.
UNIT II: Asymptotes and Curve Sketching 12
Asymptotes of the algebraic curves, parallel asymptotes, Asymptotes parallel to axes,
Concavity,
Normal, Cartesian subtangent and subnormal, Intercepts, Length of the tangent and normal,
Lengths of the polar subtangent and subnormal, Double points and their types, Equation of the
tangent(s) at the origin, Lengths of the perpendicular from the pole on tangent, Double points
and their types, concavity of a curve, point of inflexion, Equation of the tangent(s) at the origin,
Tracing of Cartesian curves.
UNIT III: Polar coordinates and Curvature 12
Parametric equations of plane curves; Polar coordinates and their relations with rectangular
coordinates; Asymptotes in polar coordinates; Graph of polar equation; Conics in polar
coordinates; Slope of tangent line in parametric and polar form; Area in polar coordinates;
Curvature: curvature, radius of curvature, arc length in parametric, Cartesian, and polar forms,
Intrinsic formula for radius of curvature; Cartesian, parametric and Polar formulae for radius of
curvature, Pedal formula for the radius of curvature.
UNIT IV: Volume and Surface of Solids of Revolution 12
Volume using cross-section (Slicing by parallel planes); Solids of revolution (Disk method and
Washer method); Volume by disks for rotation about x-axis and about y-axis; Volume using
cylindrical shell (slicing with cylinders); The shell formula for revolution about a vertical line;
Area of surface of revolution about x-axis and about y-axis.
Total No. of Lectures 48
th
Textbooks*/ 1. *G. B. Thomas Jr., M.D. Weir, J. Hass, Calculus, 12 Ed., Pearson Publication.
Reference 2. *H. Anton, I. Bivens and S. Davis, Calculus, 7th Edition, John Wiley & Sons
Books 3. *J. Stewart, Calculus, 5e, Thomson, Books / Cole.
4. R.E. Johnson, F.L. Kiokemeister and E.S. Wolk, Calculus, Allyn & Bacon, Inc. Boston
5. N. Piskunov: Differential and Integral Calculus, CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 1996.
 DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
Syllabus of B.A./B.Sc. I Semester approved in BOS: 17-05-2022
Course Title Basic Coordinate Geometry
Course Number MMBSMN1005
Credits 2
Course Category Minor
Prerequisite Courses None
Contact Hours 2 Lectures / week
Type of Course Theory
Course Assessment Sessional Tests 30%
Semester Examination 70%
Course Objectives The primary objective of this course is to introduce the basic tools Two-Dimensional
Geometry and Three-Dimensional Geometry, their geometric properties which are helpful in
understanding their applications to the real-world problems.
Course Outcomes This course will enable the students to:
basic knowledge about Two-Dimensional Geometry and Three-Dimensional Geometry
● elementary properties of conic sections in the cartesian and polar coordinate
systems.
● encourage geometrical thinking of conic sections and its mathematical
properties.
Contents of Syllabus No. of Lectures
UNIT I: Basics of Two-Dimensional Geometry 6
Coordinate Systems and Coordinates Pair, General transformation, Invariants, Removal of
-term, Classification of conic section, Pair of straight Lines: Homogeneous equation of
second degree, Angle between two lines, General second degree equation, , General
equation of a circle, The tangent √ ) to the circle length
of tangent to a circle from a given point, common tangent and normal at ( 𝑡 𝑡);
UNIT II: Parabola, Ellipse and Hyperbola 6
Second degree equations representing a conic section and vice-versa; the intersection of a
line and a conic section; tangent at ( ) to a conic; pair of tangents from a given point;
condition of tangency; chord of contact of tangents drawn from a point ( ); pole and
polar; chord with a given middle point, Auxiliary circle for an ellipse, eccentric angle,
parametric equation of an ellipse. The director circle; Rectangle hyperbola, limiting case of
the hyperbola, parameter equation of a hyperbola, equation of hyperbola when the
asymptotes are the coordinates axis. Equation of tangent and normal at ( 𝑡 ) to the
hyperbola
UNIT III: Basics of Three-Dimensional Geometry and Conicoids 6
Vector and Cartesian equation of line and plane, angle between two lines, two planes, line
and plane in terms of direction ratios, General equation of Sphere with examples, Equation
of Cone and Cylinder with examples. Conicoid and plane section of conicoids, Central
conicoids.
UNIT IV: Polar equations for Conic sections 6
Polar equation of circle; Polar equation of a straight line; Polar equation of conics when the
focus is the pole, classification. Equation of tangent in polar form.
Total No. of Lectures 24
Textbooks*/ 1. Shanti Narayan, Analytical Solid geometry, S.Chand.
Reference 2. S. L. Loney: The Elements of Coordinate Geometry, AITBS Publishers.
Books 3. S. Series: Principles and Problems of Plane Geometry with Coordinate Geometry
4. C. Smith: An Elementary Treatise on Conic Sections, MacMillon & Co.Ltd
 DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
Syllabus of B.A./B.Sc. I Semester approved in BOS: 17-05-2022
Course Title Elementary Calculus
Course Number MMBSGE1006
Credits 4
Course Category Generic (Elective)
Prerequisite Courses None
Contact Hours 4 Lectures / week
Type of Course Theory
Course Assessment Sessional Tests 30%
Semester Examination 70%
Course Objectives The primary objective of this course is to provide essential knowledge of
basic tools of set operations, number systems, differential calculus, integral
calculus, matrices, and determinants for those students who do not have
mathematical background at +2 level.
Course Outcomes This course will enable the students to provide understanding in different
topics of elementary algebra and elementary calculus.
Contents of Syllabus No. of Lectures
UNIT I: Revisit to Sets and Numbers
Sets and elements, Empty and Non-empty sets, Subset of a set, Union and intersection of
two sets, Venn diagram, Universal set, Revisit to number system (natural numbers, whole
numbers, integers, rational numbers and real numbers), Standard notations to represent the 11
sets of different class of numbers, Principle of mathematical induction and its simple
applications, Complex numbers, Real and imaginary parts of a complex numbers, Algebra
of complex numbers, Conjugate and modulus of a complex number, Cube roots of unity.
UNIT II: Relations and Functions
Definition and examples of a relation and function, Domain, Codomain and Range of a
function, Image and preimage of an element, One-one and Many-one functions, Onto and
into functions, Composite functions, Inverse of a function, Pictorial representation of a 11
function, Real valued function of a real variable, Some elementary real functions such as:
linear, quadratic, power, polynomial, rational, absolute value, signum and greatest integer
functions with their graphs, domains and ranges; Properties of trigonometric, logarithmic
and exponential functions, Even and odd functions, Periodic functions, Sum, difference,
product and quotients of real functions.
UNIT III: Differential Calculus
Limit of real functions, Left-hand and right-hand limits, Continuous functions, Derivative
of a function and its geometrical explanation and properties, Differentiation from the first 13
principle, Derivative of function of function, Algebra of derivatives, Differentiation by
substitution, Differentiation of implicit functions, Logarithmic differentiation, Parametric
differentiation, Higher order derivatives, Applications of derivative.
UNIT IV: Integral Calculus
Idea of integration of a function, Indefinite integration, Some basic formulas for
integration of functions, Integration by substitution, Integration of the functions of certain 13
forms, Integration by partial fractions, Integration by parts, Definite integration and its
properties, Applications of definite integral.
Total No. of Lectures 48

Textbooks*/ 1. *R. Steege and K. Bailey: Intermediate Algebra, Schaum’s Outline Series, 2nd Ed.
Reference 2. *G. B. Thomas Jr., M.D. Weir, J. Hass, Calculus, 12th Ed., Pearson Publication.
Books 3. *H. Anton, I. Bivens and S. Davis, Calculus, 7th Edition, John Wiley & Sons
4. *J. Stewart, Calculus, 5e, Thomson, Books / Cole