DECLARATION

I, name hereby declare that the assignment work entitled

“topic” submitted to the college name in partial fulfilment of
the requirements for the degree name is a record under the
supervision and guidance of faculty name dept in
Environmental Science, college name.

Date : 02/01/2025 Roll No : BC24121

Name : HRUDAY NATH SARDAR Dept : COMMERCE
Place : BHUBANESWAR College name : BJB (A) COLLEGE
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I extremely express my deep sense of heartly gratitude to my
guide’s name dept name college name for his beneficent
guidance and constant encouragement throughout my
assignment work.
I am also very much grateful to Head name, Department of
Environmental Science BJB college who has provided suitable
laboratory facilities for the completion of this assignment
work without any hurdles.
I am also very much thankful to my friends, seniors for their
selfless cooperation, help and encouragement during my
research work.
My heartiest love and obligatory gratitude go to my parents
for their moral support, encouragement which inspired me to
proceed ahead to complete this assigned work in due time.
At the end, I earnestly thank to the almighty without his
blessings the work would not have been completed.

Date : 02/01/2025 Roll No : BC24121

Name : HRUDAY NATH SARDAR Dept : COMMERCE
Place : BHUBANESWAR College name : BJB (A) COLLEGE
 INTRODUCTON
Buxi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar Autonomous College,
Bhubaneswar, is established by Government of Odisha in
1957. This college is named after the great freedom fighter
Buxi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar Bhramarabara Ray Mahapatra,
whose statue was installed in front of Administrative Block in
1974. The College which shifted to its present campus since
1962 was affiliated to Utkal University, Vani Vihar,
Bhubaneswar. With its constant evolution, it achieved a
milestone in the form of being converted to an Autonomous
College in 1999 after conferment of autonomous status by
UGC from the academic session 1999-2000. Founded with
the mission to impart quality education through academic
cultural and physical activities, this co-educational HEI is one
of the premier colleges of Odisha. Being the embodiment of
quality, excellence and leadership, B.J.B Autonomous College
continuously strives for ensuring holistic development of the
students. It was an affiliated college of Utkal University until
the session 1998–99. It has been functioning as an
autonomous institution following the grant of autonomy by
the UGC in 1999. Over the years BJB College has grown in its
infrastructure, student enrolment and subject options.
 EDUCATION AS VAC
Environmental studies is an interdisciplinary academic field
that examines the interactions between human and natural
systems. It integrates knowledge from natural sciences,
humanities, and social sciences to understand, analyze, and
address environmental problems.

The field focuses on promoting sustainable management and

conservation of natural resources, while considering the
social, economic, and cultural factors that influence human
values and behaviors.

Environmental studies aims to develop strategies for

sustaining the health and well-being of both humans and the
planet. It recognizes that humans are part of the natural
world and that our actions have consequences for the
environment.

By adopting a holistic perspective, environmental studies

seeks to address the complex relationships between human
and natural systems, and to promote a more sustainable and
environmentally conscious future.
 Landscape with Flora
Q-What is Flora?
A-Flora refers to the collective plant life of a specific region or
ecosystem. It includes various plant species, such as trees,
flowers, grasses, and mosses. Flora plays a crucial role in
shaping the ecosystem and supporting life. It can be classified
into indigenous, endemic, and introduced flora, each with
unique characteristics. Understanding flora is essential for
conservation and ecological research.
Ex-Trees,Shrubs,Grasses,etc.

This is one of the plants in our college

Datisca cannabina, called false hemp, is a species of
flowering plant in the genus Datisca, family Datiscaceae,
native to the Aegean Islands, Crete, Cyprus, Anatolia, the
Levant, the Transcaucasus, Iraq, Iran, Central Asia,
Afghanistan, Pakistan, the western Himalayas and Nepal. It is
one of the very few species known to have true androdioecy,
meaning it has a mix of male and hermaphroditic individuals.
 Landscape of Fauna
Q-What is Fauna?
A-Fauna refers to all the animals that inhabit a specific region
or ecosystem. It encompasses a wide range of species, from
tiny insects and microorganisms to large mammals, birds,
reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Fauna plays a vital role in
maintaining the balance of the ecosystem and is an essential
component of biodiversity
Ex-mammals, such as bears; fish, such as sharks; and birds,
such as eagles. Some images of our college
The DogG (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a
domesticated descendant of the wolf. Also called the
domestic dog, it was selectively bred from an extinct
population of wolves during the Late Pleistocene by hunter-
gatherers. The dog was the first species to be domesticated
by humans, over 14,000 years ago and before the
development of agriculture. Experts estimate that due to
their long association with humans, dogs have gained the
ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be
inadequate for other canids.
 Waste Management
Q-What is Waste management?
A-Waste management is the process of collecting,
transporting, treating, and disposing of waste in a way that is
safe and environmentally friendly. It also involves reducing,
reusing, and recycling waste to conserve natural resources
and save energy.
EX- Recycling ,landfills ,composting etc.

Q-What is Solid waste?

A-Solid waste is any discarded material, including garbage,
sludge, or other refuse, that comes from homes, businesses,
or industrial, commercial, mining, agricultural, or community
activities. It can be a solid, semi-solid, liquid, or a contained
gas.
EX- Yard waste , E-waste, construction waste etc.

Q-What is liquid waste?

A-Liquid waste is any waste that is in liquid form, and can be
hazardous or non-hazardous depending on its type.
EX-Industrial wastewater, Domestic wastewater
 Different ways to manage
waste
1-Vermicomposting is a natural process that uses earthworms
to break down organic waste and create compost.
2-Composting is the managed, aerobic biological
decomposition of organic materials by microorganisms.
Organic (carbon based) materials include grass clippings,
leaves, yard and tree trimmings, and food scraps.
3-Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into
new products. It's an alternative to traditional waste disposal
that can help the environment, economy, and community.

*In the following picture shown are some waste management

methods which are followed in our college campus.
(i) Vermi-composting
(ii) Composting
 Conservation of Resources
Q-what is Resources?
A- A resource is any asset, whether natural, human-made,
tangible, intangible, or abstract, that facilitates human
existence, economic development, or technological progress,
and may be renewable or non-renewable.
Different types of resources are:-
Water resources-Water resources refers to natural resources
of water that are potentially useful as a source of water
supply. About 97% of the water on the Earth is mainly salt
water and only around 3% is fresh water; approximately
around two thirds of this is frozen in glaciers and polar ice
caps. The remaining unfrozen freshwater can be found mainly
as groundwater, only a small fraction is present above the
ground or in the air. Natural sources of fresh water comprises
surface water, under river flow, groundwater and frozen
water.
Energy- resources are fuels used to generate electricity, heat,
and power other energy conversion processes. They can be
categorized as renewable, fossil, or nuclear.
 Conclusion
The environment is the natural and human-made
surroundings that affect and sustain life on Earth. The
environment is composed of various physical, chemical, and
biological components that interact with each other and with
human activities. The environment is also influenced by
social, economic, political, and cultural factors that shape
human values, attitudes, behaviors, and institutions.
Environmental studies is the academic field that
systematically studies the environment and its issues from a
multidisciplinary and holistic perspective. Environmental
studies integrates knowledge from the natural sciences, the
humanities, and the social sciences to understand, analyze,
evaluate, and address the causes, consequences, and
solutions of environmental problems.
In this blog, we will discuss the meaning of environmental
studies, definition of environmental studies, the background
and what is the scope of environmental studies, the
importance of environmental studies and more.
“Environmental studies is an interdisciplinary field that seeks
to understand the interactions between human and natural
systems, and to develop strategies for managing and
conserving natural resources in a way that sustains the health
and well-being of both humans and the planet.” – E.O.
Wilson, biologist and conservationist.
“It doesn't matter how many resources you have. If you don't
know how to use them, it will never be enough”.
-SK SINGH