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    What is a Control Structure in Python

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    What is a Control Structure in Python

    Uploaded by

    atul
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    2 views3 pages

    What is a Control Structure in Python

    Uploaded by

    atul

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 3

    What is a Control Structure in Python?

    Control structures in Python are fundamental building blocks that allow the program
    to make decisions, repeat actions, or control the flow of execution based on
    conditions.

    Python offers three main types of control structures:

    Sequential, Selection (Decision-making), and Repetition (Loops).

    Sequential execution is straightforward, where code runs line by line.

    Selection structures, like if statements, execute specific blocks based on conditions,


    while

    repetition structures, like for or while loops, allow code to run multiple times until
    a condition is met.

    These structures give flexibility to handle various scenarios in a program.

    Selection Statements in Python


    Selection statements in Python are used to make decisions in a program by
    executing certain blocks of code depending on conditions.

    1. if Statement

    The if statement is the simplest selection structure in Python. It evaluates a condition and
    executes the associated block of code only if the condition is True. If the condition is False,
    the program skips the if block and continues with the next statement.

    Syntax:

    if condition:

    # Code to execute if the condition is True

    Example:
    number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

    if number > 0:
    print("The number is positive.")
    if-else Statement

    The if-else statement allows the program to handle two possible outcomes
    of a condition. If the condition is True, the code inside the if block executes;
    otherwise, the code inside the else block runs.

    Syntax:

    if condition:
    # Code to execute if the condition is True
    else:
    # Code to execute if the condition is False
    Example
    age = int(input("Enter your age: "))
    if age >= 18:
    print("You are eligible to vote.")
    else:
    print("You are not eligible to vote.")

    • The program checks if age is greater than or equal to 18.


    • If True, it prints "You are eligible to vote."
    • If False, it prints "You are not eligible to vote."

    if-elif-else Statement

    The if-elif-else statement is used when there are multiple conditions to check.

    It allows you to test multiple conditions sequentially.

    The elif (short for "else if") is checked only if the previous conditions are False. The else
    block, if present, executes only when all conditions are False.

    Syntax:

    if condition1:
    # Code to execute if condition1 is True
    elif condition2:
    # Code to execute if condition2 is True
    elif condition3:
    # Code to execute if condition3 is True
    else:
    # Code to execute if all conditions are False
    Example :
    marks = int(input("Enter your marks: "))
    if marks >= 90:
    print("Grade: A")
    elif marks >= 75:
    print("Grade: B")
    elif marks >= 50:
    print("Grade: C")
    else:
    print("Grade: F")

    The program checks the user's marks against multiple conditions:

    • If marks >= 90, it prints "Grade: A."


    • If the first condition is False but marks >= 75, it prints "Grade: B."
    • If both are False but marks >= 50, it prints "Grade: C."
    • If none of the conditions are True, it prints "Grade: F."

    Key Points to Remember

    1. Indentation: Python uses indentation (whitespace) to define blocks of code. Ensure


    proper alignment to avoid errors.
    2. Boolean Conditions: Conditions in if statements should return True or False.
    3. Nested Selection: You can nest if statements inside other if, else, or elif blocks
    to handle more complex decisions.
    4. Readability: Use elif instead of multiple if statements when the conditions are
    mutually exclusive.

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