XII CHEMISTRY QUESTION BANK 2024

[ Question Bank ] ” ान, व ान आ ण सुसं कार यांसाठ श ण सार” - श णमहष डॉ.
बापज ू ी साळंु खे [ Chemistry ]

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संपादक य…
भगीरथाने प ृ वीवर गंगा आणल तशी श णाची गंगो ी महारा ातील खे यापा यात
पोहोच व याचे अ यंत कठ ण काम श ण महष डॉ. बापज
ू ींनी केले. व या याम ये अ याि मक
मू ये, च क सक व ृ ी, व ान न ठा इ. चा वीकार कर याची भू मका श णातून नमाण हावी
अशी यांची धारणा होती. श णमहष डॉ. बापज
ू ीं या व नातील ह श ण णाल सं थेचे येक
सं कृती क राबवत आहे. याला गुणव े या अ यु च तरावर पोहोचव यासाठ सव गु दे व कायकत
य न करत आहेत. गण
ु व ा ह अखंड चालणार या आहे याचे भान ठे वन
ू सं थे या व यास मती
माफत सं थेम ये आपण नवनवीन उप म राबवत असतो.
सं थेतील अनेक शाखा ना व यपण
ू उप म राबवत आहेत. याचे कौतक
ु होणे गरजेचे आहे.
गुणव ा वाढ साठ य न करणा या व या या या धडपडीला एक नि चत गतीची दशा मळणे, हे
अ यंत गरजेचे आहे. हे ल ात घेऊन सं थे या व यास मती माफत येक वषयाक रता नसंच
तयार केले आहेत.
श णमहष डॉ. बापज
ू ीं या व नातील व याथ घडव यासाठ यांचा आदशवाद वा तवात
आण यासाठ चा मा. काया य , ाचाय अभयकुमार साळंु खे साहे बांचा यास आपणह आ मसात
क या व याच दशेने वाटचाल क या.
व या स मती आ ण संपादक मंडळा या अथक य नातन
ू ह आदश व संद
ु र पिु तका तयार
होत आहे. या नसंचाचा गु दे व कायकत व व याथ यांना उपयोग होईल याची मला खा ी आहे. या
सव वषयत तसेच सव वषया या BOS मंडळाचे मी मनापासन
ू कौतक
ु करते व यांना यासाठ खप
ु
खप
ु शुभे छा !
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Vidyasamiti, Shri Swami Vivekanand Shikshan Sanstha, Kolhapur……. 1

[ Question Bank ] ” ान, व ान आ ण सुसं कार यांसाठ श ण सार” - श णमहष डॉ. बापज ू ी साळंु खे [ Chemistry ]
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( Std - 12th Sci. Sub - Chemistry )

Index
Ch. Chapter Name Teacher's Name Page
No. No.
1 Solid State Shri. P.A Sawant 3

(RRJr.C, Jath)
2 Solutions Shri. S.G Kumbhar 10

(DKASCJr.C,Ichalkaranji)
3 Ionic Equilibria Miss.J.P.Shinde 17

((RCSM JrC, Kolhapur)
4 Chemical Thermodynamics Shri. K.J. Gujar 20

(VJrC, Kolhapur)
5 Electrochemistry Mrs. L.R. Coutinho 25

(VJrC, Kolhapur)
6 Chemical Kinetics Shri. R.D. Patil 30

(PDVPJrC Tasgaon)
7 Elements of Group 16, 17 and 18 Mrs. S.P.Patil 33

(VJrC, Kolhapur)
8 TRANSITION AND INNER TRANSITION Shri. S.D.Godase 36

ELEMENTS (SMrBSJrC, Miraj)
9 COORDINATION COMPOUNDS Shri. R.H.Kadam 38

(SMDrBSJrC, Miraj)
10 HALOGEN DERIVATIVES Shri. S.R. Patil 40

(NMJrC, Kolhapur)
11 ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS Shri. A.K.Kalbhor 43

(PJrC.,Saswad)
12 ALDEHYDES,KETONES, AND Shri. Patil R. S. 48

CARBOXYLIC ACIDS (PDVPJrC Tasgaon)
13 AMINES Mrs. Chavan S.A. 51

(VJr.C,Kolhapur)
14 BIOMOLECULES Shri. Deshmukh A.A. 54

(RPJrC, Dharashiv)
15 Introduction to Polymer Chemistry Miss. Patil V.V. 57

(RCSM JrC, Kolhapur)
16 Green Chemistry and Nano Chemistry Shri. R.D. Dixit 60

(SCSJrC, Bhor)
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1. SOLID STATE
(Marks :3 / 5)
A] VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)
1. Which types of solids contain molecules as constituent particles?

2. Which crystal systems contain four Bravais lattices?
3. What is the number of spheres surrounded by octahedral void?
4. Name the solid present in tar .
5. Which type of vacancy is present in Schottky defect ?
6. As the unit cell of a simple cubic system has atoms at the eight corners, then what is
the number of atoms in an unit cell ?
7. Write the space occupied by particals in premitive cell.
8. What is the coordination number of spheres in hcp lattice in three dimensions?
9. A compound is made up of two elements X and Y and crystallizes in bcc structure.
Atoms of X are present at the corners of the cube. Atoms of Y are present at the center
of the cube. What is the formula of compound?
10. Write the effect on density of a substance in the Frenkel defect?
11. Write an example of a diamagnetic substance.
12. Write one property which is common to both hcp and ccp crystal lattices.
13. Write the relationship between the radius of the atom and edge length of the fcc unit
cell.
14. Draw diagram of bcc unit cell.
15. Find the number of tetrahedral voids formed, if the number of atoms in a crystal is
N/2.
16. Write the percentage of empty space in the bcc lattice.
17. Write the number of atoms in the fcc unit cell.
18. Name the Bravais lattice in the triclinic system?
19. What are diamagnetic substances?
20. What are the constituents of solids?
21. Give classification of solids?
22. Define crystalline solid.
23. Define amorphous solid.
24. Define the term anisotropy.
25. What is isomorphism?
26. What is isomorphous?
27. What is polymorphism?
28. What is polymorphous?
29. Write the example of network solid.
30. What are allotropes?
31. What are metallic crystals?
32. What is a giant solid?
33. What is lattice?
34. What is crystal lattice (space lattice)?
35. What is a lattice point?
36. Give the number of lattice point in one unit cell of the simple cubic crystal structure.
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37. Mention the property that are common to both hcp and ccp lattices.
38. What are point defects?
39. A solid is hard, brittle and electrically non-conductor. Its melt conducts electricity.
What type of solid is it?
40. What is ferromagnetism?
41. n- type semiconductor is formed when trace amount of impurity is added to silicon.
What is the number of valence electrons in the impurity atoms?
42. p-type semiconductor is formed when trace amount of impurity is added to silicon.
What is the number of valence electrons in the impurity atoms?
43. Which type of defect is present in AgCl?
44. What is the coordination number of atoms in bcc crystal lattice?
45. What is the void volume in crystal lattice formed by bcc unit cell?
46. Which type of crystal present in graphite?
(NUMERICAL QUESTIONS)
47. Pb has fcc structure with edge length of unit cell 495pm. What is the radius of Pb
atom?
48. 0.1 mole of Buckminster fullerene of molar mass 720 gmol -1 contains how many Kg
of carbon?
49. What is the number of octahedral voids formed in 0.5 mol of a compound forming
hcp structure?
50. If the total volume of a simple cubic unit cell is 6.817x10-23 cm3, what is the volume
occupied by particles in the unit cell?
B] SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (TYPE- I) (2 MARKS)

1. Explain the terms:
a) Isomorphism
b) Polymorphism with examples.
2. Classify the following solids as molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids.
Pb, MgF2, SO2 and quartz.
3. Explain vacancy defect with diagram.
4. Distinguish between crystalline solids and amorphous solids.
5. Explain the terms:
a) Substitutional impurity defect
b) Interstitial impurity defect
6. Find the number of atoms in the fcc unit cell.
7. Explain with diagram, the vacancy defect.
8. What are physical states of matter? How can they be changed into one
another?
9. What are the characteristics properties of solids?
10. Define and explain the term anisotropy.
11. Define and explain isotropy.
12. Why does crystalline solid show different refractive indices in different
directions?
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13. Explain the properties of amorphous solids.
14. Identify isomorphous and polymorphous substances in the
following:
K2SO4, graphite, Na2SeO4, CaCO3, diamond, CsNO3, cristobalite, β-
quartz.
15. Why does a crystalline solids shows sharp melting point?
16. Amorphous solids do not have sharp melting points. Explain.
17. How are crystalline solids classified?
18. What are the characteristic of ionic crystals?
19. Explain why ionic solids are hard and brittle.
20. Distinguish between ionic solids and molecular solids.
21. What are the parameters of a unit cell?
22. What are the types of unit cells?
23. What are Bravais lattices?
24. Find the number of atoms per unit cell in the body-centered cubic unit cell.
25. Find the number of atoms per unit cell in the face-centered cubic unit
cell.
26. 28. Atoms C and D from fcc crystalline structure. Atom C is present at the corners of the
centers of the cube. What is the formula of the compound?
27. A cubic cell contains atoms A at the corners, atoms B at face centers and
atom C at the body centre. What is the formula of the crystalline compound?
28. Mention the number of atoms in the following unit cells:
a) scc b) bcc c) fcc d) hcp
29. An ionic crystalline solid atoms of element ‘Y’ form hcp lattice. The atoms of
element ‘X’ occupy one third of tetrahedral voids. What is the formula of the
compound?
30. Cesium chloride crystallizes in cubic cell with Cl-1 ions at the corners and Cs+ ions in
the centre of the cube. How many CsCl molecules are there in the unit cell?
31. Explain vacancy defect.
32. What are the consequences of Schottky defect?
33. What are the consequences of Frenkel defect?
34. Metals are good conductors of electricity. Explain.
35. Why does metallic conductivity decreases by increasing temperature?
36. Explain insulators.
37. What are the uses of semiconductor?
38. Classify the following semiconductors into n or p – type.
i) B doped with Si ii) As doped with Si
iii) P doped with Si iv) Ge doped with In.
39. Explain the origin of magnetic properties in solids.
40. Explain diamagnetism.
41. Explain paramagnetism.
42. What is ferromagnetism? Iron (Z=26) is strongly ferromagnetic.
Explain.
43. How does electrical conductivity of a semiconductor changes with
temperature?
44. Explain impurity defect in stainless steel with diagram.
45. The picture represents bands of MOs for Si. Label valence band,
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conduction band and band gap
45. Calculate the number of unit cells in 0.3 g of a species having density of 8.5
g/cm3 and unit cell edge length 3.25×10-8 cm.
46. A compound crystallizes in bcc structure. What is unit cell length if diameter of its
atom is 120 pm?
47. Cu crystallizes in the fcc unit with edge length of 495pm. What is the radius of Cu
atom?
48. Silver crystallizes in fcc structure. If edge length of unit cell is 400 pm, calculate
density of silver. (Atomic mass of Ag=108)
C] SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (TYPE- II) (3 MARKS)

1. Calculate the packing efficiency for bcc lattice.
2. In case of hcp structure, how are spheres in the first, second and third layers arranged?
3. Write classification of non-stoichiometric point defects. Explain with a diagram the
metal deficiency defect.
4. Explain with one example each, the diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic
substances.
5. Write the relationship between ‘a’ and ‘r’ for simple cubic, body centered cubic and
face centered cubic unit cells.
6. Define: a. Diamagnetic solids b. Paramagnetic solids c. Ferromagnetic solid
7. Calculate the packing efficiency for bcc lattice?
8. In case of hcp structure, how are sphere in first, second and third layers arranged?
9. How are nonstoichiometric point defects classified? Explain with diagram the metal
deficiency.
10. Explain with one example each, the diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic
substances.
11. What are intermolecular forces of attraction involved in molecular crystals?
12. Explain Bravais lattices of a cubic system.
13. Calculate the pacing efficiency in fcc lattice.
14. Calculate the number of particles and unit cells in ‘x’ g of metallic crystal.
15. Explain defect due to anion vacancies.
16. How are solids classified according to electrical conductivity?
17. Explain band theory.
18. What are valence band and conduction band?
19. What are semiconductors? Mention the types of semiconductors.
20. Explain extrinsic semiconductors and doping.
21. What are n- type semiconductors? Why is the conductivity of doped n- type
semiconductor higher than that of pure semiconductor? Explain with
diagram.
22. Distinguish between conductor, semiconductor and insulator.
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23. The following picture shows population of bands for materials having
different electrical properties. Classify them as insulator, semiconductor or a
metal.
1 2 3
24. A compound made of elements C and D crystallizes in fcc structure. Atoms

of C are present at the corners of the cube. Atom of D is at centers of face of
the cube. What is the formula of the compound?
25. A compound is formed by two elements A and B. The atoms of element B
forms ccp structure. The atoms of A occupies 1/3 rd of tetrahedral voids.
What is the formula of the compound?
26. In a crystalline compound AB3, atoms A occupy corners. Which lattice points
will be occupied by B atoms?
27. Unit cell of NaCl contains 4 NaCl molecules. If the density of NaCl crystal
is 2.17 g cm-3, find the edge length of the cube.
28. An element of atomic mass 96 u has density 10.3 g cm-3. Find the distance
between the nearest neighboring atoms of the element.
29. The density of mercury is 13.6 g cm-3. If each atom of mercury occupies a cube
of edge length equal to the diameter of mercury atom, find the radius of
mercury atom.
30. Niobium forms bcc structure. The density of niobium is 8.55 g/cm3 and
length of unit cell edge is 330.6 pm. How many atoms and unit cells are
present in 0.5 g of niobium?
31. A compound forms hcp structure. What is the number of a) octahedral voids
b) tetrahedral voids c) total voids formed in 0.4 mol of it?
32. An element germanium crystallizes in bcc type crystal structure with edge of
unit cell 288 pm and the density of the element is 7.29 cm-3. Calculate the
number of atoms present in 52 g of the crystalline element. Also calculate
atomic mass of the element.
33. Naturally occurring gold crystallizes in fcc structure and has density 19.3
g/cm3. Find atomic radius of gold? (Au=137 g mol-1)
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34. Copper having atomic radius 1.28 0A has density 8.94 g cm-3. If the atomic
mass of copper 63.54 g mol-1, determine the number of Cu atoms in the unit
cell and crystal structure of copper.
35. Sodium metal crystallizes in body centered cubic unit cell. If the distance
between nearest Na atoms is 368 pm, calculate the edge length of unit cell.
36. The unit cell of metallic silver is fcc. If radius of Ag atom is 144.4 pm,
calculate
a) edge length of unit cell
b) volume of Ag atom
c) the percent of the volume of a unit cell, that is occupied by Ag atoms.
37. When gold crystallizes, it forms face-centered cubic cells. The unit cell edge
length is 408 pm. Calculate the density of gold. Molar mass of gold is 197
g/mol.
38. A compound forms hcp structure. What is the number of
a) octahedral voids,
b) tetrahedral voids
c) total voids formed in 0.2 mol of the compound?
39. Gold occurs as face centered cube and has a density of 19.30Kg dm -3. Calculate atomic
radius of gold. (Molar mass of Au=197)
40. The density of iridium is 22.4 g/cm3. The unit cell of iridium is fcc. Calculate
the radius of iridium atom. Molar mass of iridium is 192.2 g/mol.
41. Aluminum crystallizes in cubic close packed structure with unit cell edge
length of 353.6 pm. What is the radius of Al atom? How many unit cells are
there in 1.00 cm3 of Al?
42. An element with molar mass 27 g/mol forms cubic unit cell with edge length
of 405 pm. If density of the element is 2.7g/cm3, what is the nature of cubic
unit cell? (fcc or ccp)
43. A substance crystallizes in fcc structure. The unit cell edge length is 367.8 pm. Calculate
the molar mass of the substance, if its density is 21.5g/cm3.
44. Copper crystallizes into fcc structure of the unit cell having edge length 3.61x10 -8 cm.
Calculate the density of copper. (Given Atomic weight of Cu =63.4 gm/mol)
45. A substance crystallizes in fcc structure. The unit cell edge length is 367.8pm,
Calculate the molar mass of thesubstance if its density is 21.5 g/cm 3.
46. The unit cell of Na is bcc and its density is 0.97 g/cm3. What is the radius of a sodium
atom if the molar mass of Na is 23 g/mol?
D] LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (TYPE- III) (4 MARKS)
1. a) Write the consequences of Schottky defect with reasons.

b) Explain metal deficiency defect with example.
2. a) What is crystal defect? Explain vacancy defect and interstitial defect.
b) Define paramagnetic substance.
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3. a) Define unit cell. How many particles are present per bcc unit cell?
b) How much vacant space is present in hcp crystal lattice? Give
disadvantages of vacancy defect.
4. A compound forms hexagonal close packed (hcp) structure. What is the
number of:
a) Octahedral void
b) Tetrahedral void
c) Total voids in 0.7 mol of it.
Which type of crystal Quartz is ?
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2. Solutions
( Marks 4/6 )
A] VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : (1MARK)

1. What is a saturated solution?
2. Name the solution which contains greater than the equilibrium amount of solute.
3. What is solubility of a solute?
4. Write the unit of Henry’s law constant.
5. Gases tend to be less soluble in liquids as the temperature is raised. Why?
6. Give an example of an ideal solution.
7. What type of solutions exhibit positive deviations from Raoult’s law?
8. Write the expression for relative lowering of vapour pressure.
9. Identify which of them has higher boiling point ,If liquid “Y” has higher vapour
pressure than the liquid “X”.
10. How is boiling point of solvent elevated?
11. Addition of HgI2 to aq. KI solution shows an increase in vapour pressure. Why?
12. What is the effect of temperature on the vapour pressure of a liquid?
13. Why the boiling point of a solution is elevated
14. What happens to vapour pressure of water. If a table spoon of glucose is added to it ?
15. Why the freezing point of solutionis depressed
16. What is Osmotic pressure?
17. Write the name of chemical compound which are used to prepare semipermeable
membrane.
18. Why a person suffereing from high blood pressure is advised to take minimum
quantity of common salt.
19. Semipermible memebrane of cupric ferrocyanide is not used for studying osmosis in
non aq. solution. Why?
20. Equimolar solutions of glucose and sodium chloride are not isotonic .Why?
21. Under what condition is Van't Hoff factor is less than one.
22. Why the concentration of solution decreases due to osmosis.
23. Oxygen gas is slightly soluble in water but it is highly soluble in blood. Explain.
Numerical Questions
24. What is the concentration of dissolved oxygen at 25oC at 1 atmospheric pressure , if
partial pressure of oxygen is 0.22 atm? The Henry’s law constant for oxygen is 1.3
10-3 mol dm-3 atm-1. ( Ans = 2.8610-4 mol dm-3 )
25. Henry’s law constant for CH3Br(g) is 0.159 mol dm-3bar-1 at 25oC. What is solubility
of CH3Br(g) in water at same temperature and partial pressure of 0.164 bar ? ( Ans =
0.026M)
26. For the solubility of methane in benzene the Henry’s law constant is 4.27 105 mm of
Hg at 298K. Calculate the solubility of methane dissolved in benzene under a pressure
of 760 mm of Hg at 298K. (Ans =1.78  10-3)
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27. Two liquids A and B boils at 145o and 190o respectively. Which of them has a higher
vapour pressure at 80o C.
28. The vapour pressure of a pure liquid is 0.043 bar at a certain temperature. When a
non-volatile solute is dissolved into it, the vapour pressure is found to be 0.041 bar.
What is the relative lowering of vapour pressure? (Ans= 0.046)
29. Identify the molal depression constant, if the depression in freezing point is 1.86 K for
1 molal solution. ( Ans Kf =1.86 K kg mol-1)
30. Write is the maximum value of Van’t Hoff factor (i) for Na2SO4,10H2O. (Ans i= 3)
31. Write the maximum value of Van’t Hoff factor (i) if solute molecules under goes
dimerisation. ( Ans i = 1-/2)
B] SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : (TYPE- I) (2 MARKS)

1. Explain the terms Homogenous and Heterogeneous solutions.
2. What is the effect of temperature on solubility of solids in water? Give example.
3. Explain the solubility of gases in liquids
4. How does solubility of a gas in water varies with temperature?
5. State and explain Henry’s law.
6. State Henry’s law. How does solubility of gas in water varies with temperature?
7. What are the exceptions of Henry’s law?
8. Give reasons why cold drinks bottles are sealed under high pressure of corbon
dioxide.
9. Explain why do aquatic animals prefer to stay at lower level of water during summer?
10. State and explain Raoult’s law.
11. What are ideal and non-ideal solutions?
12. Distinguish between ideal and non-ideal solutions.
13. Explain solutions with positive deviations from Raoult’s law.
14. Explain solutions with negative deviations from Raoult’s law.
15. Define the term colligative property. Give examples.
16. State and explain Raoult’s law for solutions of non-volatile solutes..
17. Derive the relationship between relative lowering of vapour pressure and molar mass
of non- volatile solute?
18. Write the equation relating boiling point elevation to the concentration of solution.
19. Derive the relation between elevation in boiling point and molar mass of solute?
20. Define molal depression constant. Write its units.
21. Obtain the relationship between freezing point depression of a solution containing
non-electrolyte solute and its molar mass.
22. Derive the relation between osmotic pressure and molar mass of solute?
23. How can pure water be obtained from sea water?
24. Explain abnormal molar masses?
25. State and explain Van’t Hoff factor.
26. Define ( any two )
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a) True solution
b) Osmosis
c) Osmotic pressure
d) Isotonic pressure
e) Hypertonic pressure
f) Hypotonic pressure.
g) Solubility
h) Van’t Hoff factor
Numerical Questions
27. The vapour pressure of water at 20oC is 17 mm of Hg. Calculate the vapour pressure
of a solution containing 2.8 g of urea ( NH2CONH2) in 50 g of water.
( Ans =16.71 mm of Hg)
28. A solution of 1.210-3 Kg of a non-volatile substance in 0.1 Kg of acetone at 293K
has vapour pressure of 24Kpa.If vapour pressure of acetone at 293K is 24.5Kpa.
Calculate the molar mass of substance? ( Molar mass of acetone = 58gm).
29. The vapour pressure of a solution containing 1310-3 Kg of solute in 0.1 Kg of water
at 298K is 27.371 mm of Hg . Calculate the molar mass of solute ?( Given Vapour
pressure of water is 28.065 mm of Hg)
30. 18 molal aqueous solution of a substance boils at 373.25 K. Calculate the molal
elevation constant of water. ( Boiling point of water = 373.15 K)
31. The boiling point of a solution containing 1 g of solute dissolves in 10 g of benzene is
raised by 0.1 K. Calculate the value of Kb for benzene when molar mass of solute is
253 g mol-1. ( Ans = 2.53 K kg mol-1).
32. Calculate the mass in grams of an impurity of molar mass 100gm/mole which would
be required to raise the boiling point of 50gm chloroform by 0.30K .
(Kb for chloroform= 3.63 K.kg/mole)
33. A solution was prepared by dissolving certain amount of compound in 31.8 g of CCl 4
has a boiling point of 0.392K higher than that of pure CCl4. If molar mass of
compound is 128 g mol-1. Calculate the mass of the solute dissolved.
(Ans W2 = 0.317g)
34. Calculate the amount of NaCl which must added to one Kg of water so that the
freezing point is depressed by 3K (Given : Kf =1.86KKgmole-1, Na=23,Cl=35.5)
35. A 5% aqueous solution (by mass) of cane sugar (molar mass = 342g/mole) has
freezing point of 271 K. Calculate the freezing point of 5% aqueous glucose solution.
36. What is the molar mass of a solute if a solution prepared by dissolving 0.822 g of it in
0.3 dm3 of water has an osmotic pressure of 0.196 atm at 298K?
37. Calculate the mass of compound to be dissolved in 75 gm of benzene to lower its
freezing point by 0.48K ( Given : Kf = 0.52K.Kg/mole, molar mass =256 gm/mole)
38. Calculate the amount of CaCl2 dissolved in 2.5 dm3 solution so that its osmotic
pressure at 300K is 0.75 atm.
39. At 298K , 1000cm3 of a solution containing 4.34 g, of solute shows osmotic pressure
of 2.55 atm.What is molar mass of solute.( R= 0.0821LatmK-1mol-1)
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C] SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : (TYPE- II) (3 MARKS)

1. Define solid solution. Write the effect of change of temperature and pressure on
solubility of gases in liquid solvent.
2. What are the factors affecting on solubility?
3. Write the characteristics of ideal solutions.
4. State and explain Raoult’s law for liquid and liquid type of binary solution .
5. State and explain Raoult’s law and derive the equation P/P1o = 2.
6. Define non-ideal solutions. Explain the deviations from Raoult’s law for non-ideal
solutions.
7. State Raoult’s law and obtain an expression for lowering of vapour pressure when
non-volatile solute is dissolved.
8. Define boiling point. Derive the formula to determine the molar mass of solute using
freezing point depression method?
9. Write a note on reverse osmosis. Explain the role of semipermeable membrane in
osmosis.
10. Explain the colligative properties of electrolyte solute.
11. State Van’t Hoff factor . Derive the equation =i-1/n’-1.
Numerical Questions
12. The vapour pressure of pure benzene is 640 mm of Hg If 2.175 10-3 Kg of non-
volatile solute is added to 39 gms of benzene the vapour pressure of solution becomes
600 mm of Hg.Calculate the molar mass of solute.
13. Boiling point of a solvent is 80.2oC. When 0.419 g of solute of molar mass 252.4 g
mol-1 was dissolved in 75 g of the solvent the boiling point of the solution was found
to be 80.256 oC. Calculate the molal elevation constant? (Ans Kb = 2.53 Kkgmol-1)
14. 795 gm of sulphur is dissolved in 100 gm of CS2. This solution boils at 319.81K.
What is the molar mass in solution. The boiling point of CS2 is 319.45K.
(Given : Kb= 2.42K.Kg/mole, Atomic mass of Sulphur=32)
15. The boiling point of benzene is 353.23K .When 1.80 gm of non-volatile solute was
added in 90 gms of benzene. The boiling point raised to 354.11K .Calculate the molar
mass of solute .( Kb for benzene = 2.53K.Kg/mole)
16. Calculate the freezing point of solution prepared by dissolving 4.5 g of glucose (molar
mass = 180 g mol-1) in 250 g of bromoform. Given freezing point of bromoform =
7.8oC and Kf for bromoform = 14.4 Kkgmol-1)
17. An aqueous solution containing 12.5 10-3 Kg of non-volatile compound in 0.1 Kg of
water freezes at 272.49 K. Determine molar mass of the compound. ( Kf for water =
1.86 K kg mol-1, Freezing point of water =272.15 K) ( Ans M2 = 352.27 g mol-1)
18. A 5% solution of cane sugar (Molar mass 342gm/mole) is isotonic with 0.877%
solution of urea. Find the molar mass of urea.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19.When 0.3 g of acetic acid (M2 = 0.060 kg mol-1) is dissolved in 30 g of benzene the
freezing point is lowered by 0.45oC.Deduce the value of van’t Hoff factor. It is given
that kf (benzene) = 5.12 K kgmol-1. (Ans i = 0.527)
D] LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : (TYPE- III) (4 MARKS)
1. Define Solubility. Explain the three factors affecting on solubility.

2. What are non-ideal solutions? Give an example .
How the non-ideal solutions exhibits deviationsfrom Raoult’s law .
3. Why vapour pressure of a solvent is lowered by dissolving a non-volatile solute into it?
Explain the Raoult’s law for solutions of nonvolatile solute.
4. Explain boiling point elevation constant for a solvent. Write its unit.
A solution of glycerol (C3H8O3) in water was prepared by dissolving some glycerol in
500 g of water. This solution has a boiling point of 100.42°C. What mass of glycerol
was dissolved to make this solution? (Kb for water = 0.512 K kg mol-1)
( Ans : W2 = 37.7 g)
5. What is van’t Hoff factor? What types of values can it have if in forming the solution,
the solute molecules undergo dissociation?
15 g of an unknown molecular substance was dissolved in 450 g of water. The resulting
solution freezes at -0.34° C. What is the molar mass of the substance?
(Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1).(Ans : M2 = 182.53 g )
6. Define Osmosis and isotonic solutions. Explain the term reverse osmosis.
7. Define Van’t Hoff factor. Derive the relation between Van’t Hoff factor and degree of
dissociation?
Board questions ( From 2019 onwards)

Q.1. Write mathematical expression between cryoscopic constant and molar mass of
solute. ( July 19)
Q.2. Write the SI unit of cryscopic constant. ( Mar. 23)
Q.3. Define : i) Osmosis ( Mar. 22,23, July 19) ii) Osmotic pressure ( Mar. 20, July 22)
iii) Isotonic solution ( Mar. 19, 22) iv) Hypertonic solution ( Mar 19)
v) Hypertonic solution ( Mar. 19) vi) Ebulliscopic constant ( July 22)
Q.4. Write the condition of reverse osmosis.( July 24)
Q.5. Derive the mathematical expression between molar mass of a non-volatile solute and
elevation in boiling point.( Mar. 20, 23)
Q.6. Derive the relation between freezing point depression and molar mass of solute.
( July 23)
Q.7. Derive an expression to calculate molar mass of non volatile solute by osmotic
pressure measurement. ( Mar.22)
Q.8. How will you determine molar mass of solute from osmotic pressure? ( Mar. 24)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Numerical Questions (board numericals)
1. What is the concentration of dissolved oxygen at 50oC under pressure of one

atmosphere if partial pressure of oxygen at 50oC is 0.14 atm?
( Henry’s law constant for oxygen = 1.3 10-3mol dm-3atm-1)( Mar.20)
2. Henry’s law constant for CH3Br is 0.159 mol dm-3 bar-1 at 25oC. What is solubility of
CH3Br in water at same temperature and partial pressure of 0.164 bar?
( Mar.22, Feb 24)
3. Calculate the mole fraction of solute. If the vapour pressure of pure benzene at certain
temperature is 640 mm of Hg and vapour pressure of solution of a solute in benzene
if 600 mm of Hg. ( Mar. 23)
4. The normal boiling point of ethyl acetate is 77.06 oC. A solution if 50 g of non-
volatile solute in 150 g of ethyl acetate boils at 84.27 oC. Evalute the molar mass of
solute if Kb for ethyl acetate is 2.77 K kg mol-1. ( July 22, Mar.23)
5. 5% aqueous solution of cane sugar has freezing point of 271 K. Calculate freezing
point of 5% glucose solution. ( Molar mass of cane sugar = 342 g mol -1) ( July 22)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Solutions
Solutions
Solute Solvent
Solubility : Factors affecting
Nature of solute Effect of temperature Effect of pressure

and solvent ( Henry’s law)
Raoult’s law ( liquid –liquid type solution)
Ideal solutions- Non-ideal solutions

(obeys Raoult’s law ) - (does not obeys Raoult’s law)
Positive deviation Negative deviation

(Weak solute –solvent interaction) (Strong solute-solvent interaction)
Colligative Properties ( Non-electrolyte solute)
Vapour Pressure Boiling point Freezing point Osmotic pressure

Lowering elevation depression
 . .
= Tb = Tf = =
 . . .
Colligative Properties ( Electrolyte solute)
Vapour Pressure Boiling point Freezing point Osmotic pressure

Lowering elevation depression
 . .
= Tb = Tf = =
 . . .
Van’t Hoff Factor & degree of dissociation :
i=
   
i= = = =
   
=
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—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Ionic Equilibria
( Marks : 4/6 )
A] VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : (1 MARK)
1. Identify conjugate acid – base pair in the following reaction

HCl + H2O ⇌ H3O + Cl
2. Write a reaction in which water acts as a base.
3. Write a reaction in which water acts as an acid.
4. Why cations are Lewis acids?
5. Write the Henderson Hasselbalch equation for acidic buffer.
6. Write the condition for precipitation of sparingly soluble salt.
7. The dissociation of H2S is suppressed in the presence of HCl. Name the phenomenon.
8. Name the buffer which is use to maintain pH of 8 to 10 for precipitation of cations of
IIIA group in qualitative analysis.
9. Give any one example of salt derived from weak acid and weak base.
10. Write the formula to calculate pH of buffer solution.
11. What is meant by conjugate acid base pair?
12. Define Lewis acid.
13. Define Ionic product of water.
14. How are basic buffer solutions prepared?
15. How are acidic buffer solutions prepared?
NUMERICAL QUESTIONS
16. The pH of a solution is 6.06. Calculate its H+ ion concentration.
17.Calculate the pH of 0.01 M sulphuric acid.
18. Calculate the pOH of 10-8 M of HCl.

1. Define Acids and Bases according to Arrhenius theory.
2. Give limitations of Arrhenius theory of acids and bases.
3. Define acids and bases according to Bronsted Lowry theory.
4. Explain amphoteric nature of water.
5. Ammonia serves as Lewis base whereas AlCl3 is Lewis acid Explain.
6. Derive Ostwald’s dilution law for the CH3COOH.
7. Derive an expression for Ionic product of water.
8. Derive the relationship between degree of dissociation and dissociation constant in
weak electrolytes.
9. Derive relationship between pH and pOH
10. Explain why salt of strong acid and strong base does not undergo hydrolysis.
11. Aqueous solution of CuSO4 is acidic Explain.
12. Aqueous solution of Sodium acetate is basic Explain.
13. A solution of CH3COONH4 is neutral why?
14. Explain hydrolysis of Salt of weak acid and weak base for which Ka > Kb
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15. Explain hydrolysis of salt of weak acid and weak base for which Ka < Kb
16. Explain buffer action of sodium acetate - acetic acid buffer.
17. Classify the following buffers into different types.
a] CH3COOH + CH3COONa b] NH4OH + NH4Cl
c] sodium benzoate + benzoic acid d] Cu(OH)2 + CuCl2
18. Define molar solubility. Write its unit.
19. Classify the following species into Lewis acids and Lewis bases
a] Cl- ii] NH iii] BCl3 iv] NH3
20. Solubility of sparingly soluble salt decreases in presence of a soluble salt having one
common ion. Explain.
NUMERICAL QUESTIONS
21. A weak monobasic acid is 0.05% dissociated in 0.02 M solution. Calculate

dissociation constant of an acid.
22. The dissociation constant of NH4OH is 1.8 × 10-5. Calculate its degree of dissociation
in 0.01M solution.
23. A weak monobasic acid is 10% dissociated in 0.05M solution. What is percent
dissociation in 0.15M solution?
24. Calculate pH and pOH of 0.01 M HCl solution.
25. pH of a solution is 3.12. Calculate the concentration of H3O+ ion.
26. A weak monobasic acid is 0.04% dissociated in 0.025M solution. What is p H of the
solution?
27. Calculate the of buffer solution containing 0.05 mol NaF per litre and 0.015 mol HF
per litre.[Ka = 7.2 × 10-4 for HF]
28. pH of a weak mono pH basic acid is 3.2 in its 0.02 M. solution. Calculate its
dissociation constant.
29. In NaOH solution [OH-] is 2.87 × 10-4 . Calculate the pH of solution.
30. Calculate the solubility of CaF2 whose solubility product at 298K is 3.2 × 10-11

1. Define degree of dissociation. Derive an expression of Ostwald’s dilution law for
weak acid .
2. Define Buffer solution. Write any four applications of buffer solution.
3. Define Solubility product. Write the relationship between solubility and solubility
product for PbI2
4. Define Hydrolysis of salt. Write the relationship between solubility and solubility
product for Al(OH)3
5. Define Acidic buffer solution. Write the relationship between solubility and solubility
product for PbCl2.
NUMERICAL QUESTIONS
6. The pH of monoacidic weak base is 11.2. Calculate its percent dissociation in 0.02M
sol ution.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Calculate the of buffer solution composed of 0.01M. weak base BOH and 0.02 M of
its salt BA [Kb pH = 1.8 × 10-5 for the weak base]
8. pH of a weak monobasic acid is 3.2 in its 0.02M solution. Calculate its dissociation
constant.
9. At 298K, a weak monoacidic base is 3% dissociated in its 0.05M solution. Calculate
the dissociation constant and pH of the solution.
10. The solubility product of AgBr is 5.2 × 10-13. Calculate its solubility in mol.dm-3 and
g.dm-3.
11. The solubility product of PbSO4 is 1.3 × 10-8 at 298K. Calculate its solubility at same
temperature in mol.dm-3 and g.dm-3 (Molar mass of PbSO4 = 303 g.mol-1)
12. The pH of weak monobasic acid in its 0.02M solution is 3.78. Calculate the degree of
dissociation , dissociation constant and precentage dissociation.
13. Calculate the pH of a buffer solution containing 0.1 M CH3COOH and 0.05M
CH3COONa. Dissociation constant of CH3COOH is 1.8 × 10-5 of 250C.
14. A buffer solution contains 0.3 M NH4OH and 0.4 M NH4Cl. If Kb for NH4OH is
1.8 × 10-5.Calculate pH of the solution.
15. The solubility product at barium sulphate is 1.21 × 10-11 at 250C. Calculate its
solubility in kg /dm3 at the same temperature. (At. Wt. of Ba = 140 , S = 32 ; O = 16)
BOARD QUESTIONS (FROM 2019 ON WARDS)
1. Derive relationship between pH and pOH (July 21 , Mar 22 , Mar 24)

2. Define Solubility product. Write the relationship between solubility and solubility
product for PbI2 (July 21)
3. Derive an expression of Ostwald’s dilution law for weak acid. (July 22 , 23)
4. Define Acidic buffer solution. Write the relationship between solubility and solubility
product for PbCl2. (Mar 23)
5. Define Buffer solution. Write any four applications of buffer solution. (July 23)
6. Explain buffer action of sodium acetate - acetic acid buffer. (Mar 24)
7. Define acids and bases according to Bronsted – Lowry theory. (March 24)
BOARD NUMERICAL QUESTION
1. Calculate the pH of buffer solution composed of 0.01M. weak base BOH and 0.02 M
of its salt BA [Kb = 1.8 × 10-5 for the weak base] (Mar.22)
2. pH of a solution is 3.12. Calculate the concentration of H3O+ ion. (July 22)
3. A weak monobasic acid is 10% dissociated in 0.05M solution. What is percent
dissociation in 0.15M solution? (Mar 23)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Chemical Thermodynamics
(Marks : 6/8)
Very short Answer. (1 Mark)
1) What is Extensive property ?
2) What is Intensive property ?
3) What is reversible process ?
4) Write the formula for maximum work ?
5) Give the mathematical formula for first law of thermodynamics.
6) Give the relation between U and H in an isochoric process.
7) Give the relation between U and H in an isobaric process
8) Give the relation between H and U for a chemical reaction.
9) What will happen to the internal energy if work is done by the system.
10) Write any one condition under which U = H.
11) What is the first ionisation enthalpy ?
12) What is the second ionisation enthalpy ?
13) What is a solution ?
14) What is hydration of an ion.
15) AgF is soluble in water while AgCl is insoluble. Give reason.
16) Write any one application of Hess’s law of constant heat summation.
17) What is a spontaneous process ?
18) Give any one example of spontaneous process.
19) Write the SI unit for entropy.
20) How does entropy changes for freezing of a liquid.
21) How does entropy changes for dissolving sugar in water.
22) Predict S for the following reaction CaCO3 (s)  CaO(s) + CO2 (g)
23) Predict the sign of S for the following chemical reaction.

N2O4 (g)  2NO2 (g)
24) What is the condition for spontaneous reactions in terms of free energy change ?
25) What are the condition for spontaneous reaction in terms of H, S and
temperature.
26) What is standard molar entropy ?
27) Give any one application of standard molar entropy ?
28) Comment on the statement : no work is envolved in an expansion of gas
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
in vacuum.
29) What is enthalpy of fusion ?
30) State whether S is positive, negative or zero for the reaction 2H(g)  H2 (g)
31) Comment on spontaneity of reactions for which  H is positive and S is

negative.
32) Classify the following reactions according to work done by the system,
on the system and no work done if pressure is constant
1) H2 (g) + Cl2 (g)  2HCl(g)
33) How is enthalpy of sublimation related to enthalpy of fusion and enthalpy

of vaporisation.
34) What is a standard state of the substance.
35) Write the condition for spontaneity in terms of Gibbs energy.
Very short Answer. (Numericals) (Mark 1)
36) For a certain reaction H0 = 219 kJ and S0 = –21 JK–1.
Determine whether the reaction is spontaneous or non-spontaneous.
37) A system absorbs 400 J of heat and does work equivalent to 100 J. On its
surroundings. Calculate change in internal energy.
38) Standard enthalpy of formation of water is -286 kJ mol-1. Calculate the
Enthalpy change for formation of 0.018 kg of water.
(Ans. -186 kJ)
Short answer questions (Type - I). (2 Mark)

1) Define and explain a state function.
2) Define thermodynamics equilibrium. Mention different types of
thermodynamic equilibria.
3) Distinguish between isothermal process and Adiabatic process.
4) Distinguish between reversible and irreversible processes.
5) Derive the expression for work when a gas expands against constant
external pressure.
6) Derive the equation W = –Pex . V
7) Explain how work of expansion in vacuum is zero.

8) A free expansion of a gas results into no work. Explain.
9) Classify the following reactions according to work done by the system,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
on the system and no work done if pressure is constant.
i) 302 (g)  2O3 (g)
ii) NH3 NO3 (s)  N2O(g) + 2H2O(g)
10) Explain the concept of maximum work.

11) Derive the expression for maximum work.
12) Explain the concept of heat.
13) What are the sign conventions of w and q ?
14) Gaseous N2O4 is enclosed in a cylinder at high pressure. By decreasing the
pressure N2O4 (g) dissociates to NO2 (g). What is the nature of the work ?
15) Write any two statements for first law of thermodynamic.

16) Deduce the mathematical expression of first law of thermodynamics for
the following processes.
a) Isothermic process
b) Adiabatic process
17) Derive the expression H = U + PV
18) Derive the expressions for the heat of reaction at
1) Constant pressure
2) Constant volume.
19) Obtain a relation between H and U for a chemical reaction.
20) Define and explain enthalpy of fusion.
21) Define and explain Enthalpy of vaporisation.
22) Define and explain enthalpy of sublimation.
23) Define and explain enthalpy of atomisation.
24) Define i) Exothermic reaction ii) Endothermic reaction.
25) What is a thermochemical equation ? Explain with suitable example.
26) How is standard enthalpy of formation useful to calculate standard
enthalpy of reaction.
27) What is bond dissociation enthalpy ? Explain with suitable example.
28) State and explain Hess’s law of constant heat summation.
29) State Hess’s law of constant heat summation. Give its application.
30) Define entropy. Give its units.
31) State the second law of thermodynamics in terms of entropy and
express it mathematically.
32) Explain the relationship between Gibb’s standard free energy change
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
of the reaction and equilibrium constant.
33) Define state function and write two examples of it.
34) Classify the following into intensive and extensive properties
Pressure, volume, mass, temperature.
Very short Answer. (Numericals) (Marks 2)
35) One mole of an ideal gas is compressed from 500 cm3 against a constant
pressure of 1.2 x 105 Pa. The work involved in the process is 36.0 J.
Calculate the final volume (Final volume V2 = 200 cm3)
36) 2 moles of an ideal gas are expanded isothermally and reversibly from
20 L to 30 L at 300 K. Calculate the work done.
(R = 8.314 JK–1 mol–1 ) (Ans.:- –2.023 kJ)
37) Consider the chemical reaction,
OF2 (g) + H2O(g)  O2 (g) + 2HF(g) H0 = –323 kJ
What is H0 of the reaction if

a) the equation is multiplied by 3,
b) direction of reaction is reversed.
Short answer questions (Type - II) (3 Mark)

1) State Hess’s Law of constant heat summation. Illustrate with an example
state its applications.
2) Obtain the relation between G and Stotal.
Comment on spontaneity of the reaction.
Short answer questions (Numericals) (3 Mark)

1) 22g of CO2 are compressed isothermally and reversibly at 298 K from
initial pressure of 100 kPa when the work obtained is 1.2 kJ

find the final pressure. (Ans.: P2 = 263.4 kPa)
2) Calculate U at 298 K for the reaction,

C2H4 (g) + HCl(g)  C2H5Cl(g) H = –72.3 kJ.
How much PV work is done

(Ans. PV work done 2.48 kJ  U = –698 kJ)
3) Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of CH3–OH, if standard heat
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
of combustion of methyl alcohol is –726 kJ mol–1. Given data.
i) CH3OH(l) + O2 (g)  CO2 (g) + 2H2O(l) H0 = –726 kJ mol–1
ii) C(graphite) + O2 (g)  CO2(g) CH0 = –393 kJ mol–1
iii) H2 (g) + ½ O2(g)  H2O(l)  fH0 = –286 kJ mol–1
(Ans.: –239 kJ mol–1)

4) Calculate Stotal and state whether the reaction is spontaneous or
non-spotaneous at 250C.
HgS(s) + O2 (g)  Hg (l) + SO2 (g)
H0 = –238.6 kJ, S0 = + 36.7 JK–1

(Ans.: Stotal = + 837.4 JK–1  Stotal > 0 reaction is spontaneous at 250C)
5) For the reaction N2O4 (g)  2NO2(g)
Given  H0 = +57.24 kJ S0 = 175.8 JK–1

At what temperature the reaction will be spontaneous.
(Ans.: T = 325.6 K At above 325.6 K the reaction is spontaneous)
6) The standard enthalpy of combustion of formaldehyde is CH0 = –517 kJ.
How much heat will be evolved in the formation of 22g of CO2 ?
(Ans.: 285.5 kJ)

7) The enthalpy change of the following reaction
CH4(g) + Cl2 (g)  CH3Cl(g) + HCl(g)
rH0 = –104 kJ. Given the following bond enthalpies,
Calculate H – Cl enthalpy.
Bond C–H Cl – Cl C – Cl
H0 / kJ mol–1 414 243 330
(Ans.: C – H = + 17.3 kJ)
Long answer question. (Marks 4)
1) State second law of thermodynamics in terms of entropy.
2) Calculate G for the reaction at 250C
CO(g) + 2H2(g) → CH3OH(g)
G0 = -24.8 kJ mol-1. The partial pressures of gases are
PCO = 4 bar, PH2 = 2 bar and PCH3OH = 2 bar
(Ans.:  G for the reaction at 250C is -29.953 kJ mol-1.)
* * *
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Electrochemistry
(Marks : 5/7)

1. Write the relation between molar conductivity and conductivity of a solution.
2. Write the value of 2.303 RT at 250C in Nernst equation.
F
3. How many electrons would have a total charge of 1 coulomb?
4. Write the units of cell constant.
5. Indicate the relation between degree of dissociation of a weak electrolyte and molar
conductivity, Λm.
6. Write the SI unit of molar conductivity.
7. Name the process by which water produces hydrogen gas at cathode during
electrolysis of aqueous NaCl.
8. Write the relationship between the molar conductivity and the molar ionic
conductivities of Na2SO4 .
9. Give the chemical composition present in the salt bridge.
10. Name the gas produced at cathode during the discharging of dry cell.
11. Write the cell representation of standard hydrogen electrode.
12. Name the anode of NICAD storage cell / Mercury battery / Pb accumulator / H2-O2
fuel cell / Dry cell.(Any ONE)
13. What is the cathode of NICAD storage cell / Mercury battery / Pb accumulator / H 2-
O2 fuel cell / Dry cell? (Any ONE)
14. Write the cell potential produced by NICAD storage cell / Mercury battery / H2-O2
fuel cell .(Any ONE)
15. Write the correct condition for spontaneity in terms of Gibb’s energy.
16. Which gas is produced at anode during the electrolysis of molten NaCl?
17. Write the product of cathode during the electrolysis of molten NaCl?
18. Write the relationship between standard Gibb’s energy and standard cell potential.
19. Write the composition of electrolyte used in a lead storage battery.
20. Write the relationship between equilibrium constant and standard cell potential of a
cell.
21. Among the primary and secondary cells, which can be recharged by passing electric
current through it?
22. Which electrode has positive polarity in a galvanic cell?
23. Which electrode is known as a primary reference electrode?
24. Which electrode has negative polarity in an electrolytic cell?
25. Write the example of an electrode that is used as a secondary reference electrode.
NUMERICAL QUESTIONS
26. To convert Cu2+ to Cu, what quantity of Faradays of electricity is required?

27. How many electrons would have a total charge of 1 coulomb?
28. Formulate a cell from the following electrode reactions:
i) Al3+ + 3e - → Al(s)
ii) Ni (s) → Ni2+ + 2e –
29. Write Nernst equation for the given cell:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Zn / Zn2+(aq) // H+ / H2 (g, P H 2 ) / Pt
30. The conductivity of 0.02 M AgNO3 at 250C is 2.428×10-3Ω-1 cm-1.What is its molar
conductivity?
31. Resistance and conductivity of a cell containing 0.001 M KCl solution at 298 K are
1500 Ω and 1.46×10 - 4 S cm-1 respectively. What is the cell constant?
32. Calculate the standard potential of the following cell at 250C.
Zn / Zn2+(0.08 M ) // Cr3+(0.1 M) / Cr(s)
(E0 Zn = - 0.76V; E0 Cr = - 0.74V).
33. Calculate the mole ratio for the reaction :
i) Cr3+ + 3e - → Cr(s)
ii) Cu2+ + 2e - → Cu(s)
34. A conductivity cell has two Pt electrodes of area 1.2 cm 2 and 0.92 cm apart. Calculate
the cell constant.
35. Calculate the conductance of a solution if its resistance is 2.5 × 103 Ω.
36. Calculate cell potential of a cell with 0.01 M Zn2+ ions. Standard potential
of a cell is + 0.76V.
37. The standard e.m.f of the following cell is 0.463 V.
Cu(s) / Cu2+(1M) // Ag+(1M) / Ag(s)
If the standard potential of Ag electrode is 0.800V, what is the standard
potential of Cu electrode?

1. Define: (1M each)
a) Electrode potential b) Reference electrode c) Cell constant
d) Resistivity e) Molar conductivity f) Cell potential
2. Write the electrode reactions and net cell reaction of H2-O2 fuel cell.
3. Write net cell reaction during the discharge of lead accumulator.
4. Write TWO advantages of fuel cells.
5. Write the drawbacks of H2-O2 fuel cell.
6. Write the cell notation of lead accumulator.
7. Write the electrode reactions for: (any ONE)
a) NICAD storage cell b) Mercury battery.
8. Write the cell potential and use of: (any ONE)
a) Dry cell b) Lead storage battery
9. Which expression shows that molar conductivity of a strong electrolyte varies with
the square root of the concentration?
10. Why standard hydrogen electrode is called a reversible electrode?
11. Why is a lead storage battery called a secondary voltaic cell?
12. What are the standard conditions chosen to obtain a standard potential?
13. What is a standard hydrogen electrode?
14. What is a secondary reference electrode?
15. Why is it difficult to maintain the concentration of H+ ion to exactly 1 M
in a standard hydrogen gas electrode?
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C] Short Answer Type Questions : (Type II) (2 M)

1. What is a salt bridge? Write TWO functions of a salt bridge.
2. State and explain Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions.
3. Distinguish between:( any ONE)
i) Electronic and electrolytic conductor
ii) Electrolytic and Galvanic cell.
4. Construct a cell using standard hydrogen electrode and zinc electrode. Write its cell
reaction and cell representation.
5. Write the applications of Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions.
6. Draw a neat labelled diagram of a Leclanche cell.
7. With the help of equation ∆G0 = - n F × E0cell , explain that cell potential
is an extensive property.
8. Write Nernst equation for a single electrode potential and explain the terms involved
in it.
9. Using Nernst equation calculate the cell potential for the cell:
Cd(s) / Cd2+(aq) // Cu2+(aq)/ Cu(s)
10. Why is anode in a galvanic cell considered to be negative and cathode positive?
11. Write the basic difference between a primary and secondary cell?
12. What are the steps followed to write the cell reaction?
13. Write the significance of the single vertical line and double vertical line in the
formulation of a galvanic cell?
NUMERICAL QUESTIONS
14. The molar conductivity of 0.01 M acetic acid at 25 0C is 18 ohm-1 cm2 mol-1 .
Calculate its degree of dissociation in 0.01 M solution and dissociation constant if
molar conductivity of acetic acid at zero concentration is 400 ohm-1 cm2 mol-1 .
15. What mass of aluminium is produced at the cathode during the passage of 4 ampere
current through Al2(SO4)3 solution for 100 minutes? [Molar mass of Al is 27 g mol -1].
16. What is the standard cell potential for the reaction,
2 Al(s) + 3 Ni2+ (1M) → 2 Al 3+ (1M) + 3 Ni (s)

if E0Ni = - 0.25 V and E0Al = -1.66 V?
17. Construct a galvanic cell from the electrodes Co3+/ Co and Mn2+/ Mn.
E0Co = 1.82 V, E0Mn = -1.18 V. Calculate E0Cell .
18. What is the molar conductivity of AgI at zero concentration if Λ0 values of NaI,
AgNO3 and NaNO3 are 126.9 Ω-1 cm2 mol-1, 133.4 Ω-1 cm2 mol-1 and 121.5 Ω-1 cm2
mol-1 respectively?
19. Calculate the standard Gibb’s energy change at 250C for the reaction,
Cd (s) + Sn2+(aq) → Cd 2+ (aq) + Sn(s)
( E0Cd = - 0.403 V and E0Sn = - 0.136 V).
20. In the electrolysis of AgNO3 solution 0.7 g of Ag is deposited after a certain period of
time. Calculate the quantity of electricity required in coulombs.
(Molar mass of Ag is 108 g mol -1).
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21. What current strength in ampere will be required to liberate 10 g chlorine from
sodium chloride solution in one hour? .(Molar mass of Cl2 is 71g mol -1).
22. In an electrolysis, a current was passed for 5 hours through two cells connected in
series .The first cell contains a solution of gold salt and the second cell contains
copper sulphate solution. 9.85 g of gold was deposited in the first cell. Calculate the
amount of copper deposited in the second cell?
23. Resistance and conductivity of a cell containing 0.001 M KCl solution at 298 K are
1500 Ω and 1.46 × 10-4 Scm-1 respectively. What is the cell constant?
24. Conductivity of a solution is 6.23× 10-5 Scm-1 and its resistance is 13710 Ω. If
the electrodes are 0.7 cm apart, calculate the cross – sectional area of the electrode.
25. How many moles of electrons are required for the reduction of 4 moles of Zn 2+ to Zn?
How many faradays of electricity will be required?
26. How many moles of electrons are required for the reduction of 1 mole of Cr3+ to Cr?
How many faradays of electricity will be required?
27. The standard potential of Zn2+(0.02M) / Zn (s) is – 0.76 V. Calculate its potential.
28. Arrange the following reducing agents in the order of increasing strength under
standard state conditions. Justify the answer.
Element Al Cu Cl Ni
E0 -1.66 V 0.34 V 1.36 V - 0.26 V
29. Predict whether the following reactions would occur spontaneously under standard
state conditions:
i) Ca(s) + Cd2+(aq) → Ca2+(aq) + Cd(s)
ii) 2 Br -(aq)+ Sn2+( aq) → Br2( l) + Sn(s)
(E0 Ca = - 2.866V; E0 Cd = - 0.403V; E0 Br2 = - 1.080V; E0 Sn = - 0.136V)
30. The molar conductivity at infinite dilution of Al2(SO4)3 is 858 S cm2 mol-1.Calculate
the molar ionic conductivity of Al3+ ion if λ0(SO42-) is 160 S cm2 mol-1.
31. Identify the oxidizing agents and arrange them in the order of increasing strength
under standard state conditions. Justify the answer.
Element Ag+ Al3+ F2(g) Cl2(g) I2(g) Cd2+ (aq)

E0 0.8 V - 1.66 V 2.87 V 1.36 V 0.54 V - 0.4 V
D] SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : (TYPE- II) (3 MARKS)

1. Draw a neat labelled diagram of standard hydrogen electrode. Write TWO
applications of fuel cell.
2. Define electrochemical series. Write and explain TWO applications of EMF series.
3. Write the conventions for the formulation of galvanic cell.
4. Describe the construction and working of standard hydrogen electrode. Name the
gases produced at both the electrodes during the electrolysis of aqueous NaCl.
5. Derive the relationship between standard cell potential and equilibrium constant.
6. Write net cell reaction during the charging of lead accumulator.
7. Draw a labelled diagram of H2-O2 fuel cell. Mention TWO difficulties in setting up
of standard hydrogen electrode.
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8. Resistance of conductivity cell filled with 0.1 M KCl solution is 100 ohms. If the
resistance of same cell when filled with 0.02 M KCl solution is 520 ohms, calculate
the conductivity and molar conductivity of 0.02M KCl.(Given: Conductivity of 0.1 M
KCl solution is 1.29 Sm-1.)
9. Calculate ECell and ∆G for the following at 280C:
Mg(s) + Sn2+(0.04M ) → Mg2+ (0.06M ) + Sn(s)
E0Cell = 2.23 V. Is the reaction spontaneous?
10. Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction,
Ni(s) +2Ag+(aq ) → Ni2+ (aq) +2Ag(s) at 250C,
(E0 Ni2+/ Ni = - 0.25V, E0 Ag+/ Ag = 0.799V).
11. Calculate the mass of Mg and volume of chlorine gas at STP produced during the
electrolysis of molten MgCl 2 by the passage of 2A current for one hour.
[Molar mass of Mg is 24 g mol -1 and Molar mass of Cl2 is 71g mol -1].
E] LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : (TYPE- III) (4 MARKS)
1. Describe the construction and working of a dry cell with a neat labelled diagram.
2. Explain the electrolysis of aqueous NaCl.
3. How is the cell constant determined experimentally? Determine the conductivity and
molar conductivity of given solution.
4. Explain the electrolysis of molten NaCl.
5. Describe the construction and working of a lead storage battery with a neat labelled
diagram.
6. Explain the construction and working of H2-O2 fuel cell with a neat labelled diagram.
7. Define standard cell potential (EMF) of a cell. Write the salient features of EMF
series. What is the role of platinum electrode in a standard hydrogen electrode?
8. Explain the variation of molar conductivity with concentration for strong and weak
electrolytes. Write the units of conductivity.
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6. Chemical Kinetics
(Marks :4/6 )
Very Short Answer Questions (VSA) (1mark)

1) Write the expression which relates rate of formation of O2(g) to the rate of consumption of N2O5(g)
for the following reaction:
2N2O5(g) ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 4NO2(g) + O2(g)
2) Define rate law.
3) For the reaction. NO2(g) + CO(g) ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ NO(g) + CO2(g),
the rate of reaction is experimentally found to be proportional to the square of the concentration of
NO2 and independent that of CO, Write the rate law.
4) A complex reaction takes place in two steps.
NO(g) + O3(g) ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ NO3(g) + O(g) (slow)
NO3(g) + O(g) ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ NO2(g) + O2(g) (fast)
Write rate law for the reaction.
5) What is an elementary reaction?
6) Identify the molecularity of following elementary reaction:
2NO2(g) ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 2NO(g) + O2(g)
7) What is the rate determining step?
8) For the reaction 2NO(g) + 2H2(g) ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ N2(g) + 2H2O(g). The rate law is, rate = k[NO]2[H2].
What is the overall order of reaction?
9) Find order of reaction whose rate constant is 4.98 × 10−4mol dm−3 s−1
10) Give one example of first order reaction.
11) What is order of reaction for which graph of log10[A]t versus t is straightline with the
slope of − .
.
12) Write integrated rate law equation for a first order reaction in gas phase.
13) Give one example of zero order reaction.
14) Write the unit of rate constant for zero order reaction.
15) Write a mathematical expression for integrated rate law for zero order reaction.
16) Write the relationship between half life and rate constant of zero order reaction.
17) What is the activation energy of a reaction?
18) Write Arrhenius equation for calculation of activation energy from rate constants at two different
temperatures.
For the following reaction:
VSA Numerical Questions (1mark)
19) 4NH + 5O ∆
3(g) 2(g) ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
Calculate rate of formation of water if rate of formation of NO(g) is
3.6 × 10−3mol dm−3 s−1 (Ans : 5.4 × 10−3mol dm−3 s−1 )
20)
The rate of first order reaction A ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ B, is 5.4 × 10−6 Ms−1, when [A] = 0.3 M. Calculate the
rate constant of the reaction.
21)
The rate constant of a first order reaction is 0.0231 min−1. Calculate its half life.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

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Short Answer Question (Type -I) (2-Marks)

1 Define: a) Average rate of reaction
) b) Instantaneous rate of reaction.
2) Distinguish between molecularity and order of the reaction.
3) Write four key points about order of reaction.
4) Explain pseudo first order reaction with suitable example.
5) The decomposition of ammonia on platinum metal is a zero order reaction, explain.
6) Derive integrated rate law equation for first order reaction.

7) Derive the relation between half life period and rate constant for first order reaction.
8) Derive the integrated rate law for the first order reaction,A(g) ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ B(g) + C(g)in terms of
pressure.
9) Derive integrated rate law for zero order reaction.
10) Write Arrhenius equation and explain the terms involved in it.
11) Explain with the help of potential energy diagram that the catalyst increases the rate of the
reaction.
Short Answer Numerical Question (Type -I) (2-Marks)

12) Consider a certain reaction A ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Product, with k = 2.0×10−2s−1. Calculate the
concentration of A after 100 s if the initial concentration of A = 1.0 mol dm−3.
(Ans: [A]t = 0.1354mol dm−3)
13) Show that, time required for 99.9% completion of a first order reaction is three times the time
required for 90% completion.
14) Calculate activation energy for a reaction of which rate constant becomes four times when
temperature changes from 30 0C to 50 0C (Ans : Ea = 56.41 kJ)
15) What fraction of molecules in a gas at 300 K collide with an energy equal to activation energy of
50 kJ/mol? (Ans : fraction of molecules = 2 × 10−9)
Short Answer Question (Type- II) (3 Marks)

A chemical reaction occurs in the following steps:
1)
NO2(g) + F2(g) ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ NO2F(g) + F(g) (slow)
F(g) + NO2(g) ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ NO2F(g) (fast)
Write the equation of overall reaction.
(a) Write down rate law.
(c) Identify the reaction intermediate.
2) Identify the molecularity and write rate law for each of the following elementary reactions.
(a) NO(g) + O3(g) ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ NO3(g) + O(g)
(b) H2I(g) + I(g) ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 2HI(g)
(b) Cl(g) + Cl(g) + N2(g) ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Cl2(g) + N2(g)
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3) Explain the collision theory of a bimolecular reaction.

OR
What are the requirements for the colliding reactant molecule to lead to products?
4) Define half life of first order reaction. Obtain an expression for half life and rate constant of the
zero order reaction.
5) Give the example of reaction where order and molecularity are same.
For the reaction 2A + 2B ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 2C + D, If concentration of [A] is doubled at constant [B], the
rate increases by a factor of 4.If the concentration of [B] is doubled with [A] being constant the
rate is doubled . Write the rate law of reaction.
(c) (Ans: rate = k[A]2[B])
6) Write Arrhenius equation. Derive an expression to determine activation energy for two different
temperatures T1 and T2.
Short Answer Numerical Question (Type -I) (3-Marks)
7) For the reaction 2A + B ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ products,find the rate law and order of reaction from the
following data:
[A]/M [B]/M Rate / M s-1
0.3 0.05 0.15
0.6 0.05 0.30
0.6 0.20 1.20
(Ans: Rate = k[A][B], Order = 2)
8) The half life of a first order reaction is 1.7 hours, How long will it take for 20% of the reactant to
react? (Ans: t = 32.86 min)
9) A first order reaction takes 15 minutes to complete 25%. How much time will it take to complete
65%? (Ans: t = 547 min)
10) The half life of first order reaction is 890 s. If initial concentration of the reactant is 0.06 mol dm-
3. What concentration would remain after 25 minutes?
(Ans: [A]t = 0.01865 mol dm−3)

11) Following data were obtained during the first order decomposition of A2 gas at constant volume.
A2(g) ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 2A(g)
Time/min Total pressure/atm
0 0.8
20 1.1
Calculate the rate constant and half life period for the reaction.
(Ans: k = 2.35× 10−2 min−1, t ½ =29.5 min )
12) The energy of activation for a first order reaction is 104 kJ/mol. The rate constant at 25 oC is 3.7×
10−5 s−1 . What is the rate constant at 30oC ? ( k2 = 7.382× 10−5 s−1 )
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7. Elements of Group 16, 17 and 18

(Marks : 6/8)
1. Write the General electronic configuration of p - block elements.

2. Mention the group 16 elements.
3. Name the group 17 elements.
4. Name the group 18 elements.
5. Why are group 17 elements called halogens ?
6. Write the general outer electronic configuration of group 16, 17 or 18 elements.
(Each 1/2 marks)
7. Write condensed electronic configuration of the following elements. (Each 1 Marks)
8O, 52Te, 16S, 53I, 18Ar, 35Br

8. Which element is the most electronegative element in the periodic table.
9. Explain the trend in following atomic properties of group 16 elements.
a) Atomic radii -1M
b) Ionization enthalpy -1M
c) Electronegativity -1M
d) Electron gain enthalpy -1M
10. Explain the trend in following atomic properties of group 17 elements.
a) Atomic radii -1M
b) Ionization enthalpy -1M
c) Electronegativity -1M
d) Electron gain enthalpy -1M
11. Why do noble gases have large positive electron gain enthalpy ?
12. Which radioactive element of among groups 16 elements.
13. Noble gases have very low melting and boiling points. Why ?
14. Which of the following posses hydrogen bonding ?
H2S, H2O, H2Se, H2Te.
15. Comment on the statement : Noble gases are zerovalent and exist as monoatomic
gases.
16. What is the oxidation state of xenon in the following compounds ? (1 mark
a)XeOF4 b)XeO3
c)XeF6 d)XeF4 e)XeF2
17. Acidic character of hydrides of group 16 elements increases from H2O to H2 Te.
Explain.
18. Write the order of the thermal stability of the hydrides of group 16 elements.
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19. What is the oxidation state of Te in TeO3.
20. Write two uses of ClO2
21. Give reason : Noble gases are chemically inert towards hydrogen, oxygen and metals.
22. What is the action of bromine on magnesium metal ?
23. Write the names of allotropic forms of following elements.
a) Oxygen b) Sulfer c) Tellurium (1 mark each)
24. What is the oxidation state of S in H2SO4 ?
25. How is dioxygen prepared in the laboratory from KClO3.
26. What do you mean by Ozone umbrella ?
27. State the physical properties of ozone.
28. Ozone is powerful oxidising agent. Why ?
29. Why is ozone known as dry bleach ?
30. Write one example showing reducing property of ozone.
31. Write uses of ozone.
32. Name the gas which deplete ozone layer.
33. Write the reaction of conc. H2SO4 with sugar.
34. Write chemical reaction showing the action of conc. H2SO4 on carbon.
35. Name the gas used in war.
36. What are interhalogen compounds.
37. Write the uses of following elements. (any one)
a) Helium b) Neon c) Argon
38. Write the chemical composition of cryolite.
39. Draw the structure of
(a) Sulfurous acid,
(b) Chloric acid,
(c) Peroxy disulphuric acid. (any one)

1. Describe anomalous behaviour of fluorine with the other elements of group 17 with
reference to
a) Hydrogen bonding,
b) Oxidation state
2. Why fluorine shows anomalous behaviour?
3. Describe anomalous behaviour of oxygen as compared with other elements of group
16 with reference to a) Magnetic property b) oxidation state.
4. Write molecular formulae and structure of the following compounds.
a) Pyrosulphuric acid b) Peroxymonosulfuric acid.
5. Write resonating structures of ozone. What are neutral oxides?
6. Write short note on ozone depletion.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OR
The layer of ozone acts as a protective umbrella explain.
7. What happens 1)When Ozone treated with hydrogen peroxide.
2)When dilute sulphuric acid is treated with CaF2
8. Give reason : Bleaching action of ozone is called dry ozone.

9. Write four uses of dioxygen.
10. Draw structure of
a) Chlorine trifluoride b) Chlorine pentafluoride
11. Write two uses of each of the following
a) Helium b) Neon
12. Write the names and structural formulae of oxoacids of chlorine
1. What are interhalogen compounds ? Write any two general characteristics of

interhalogen compounds ?
2. What is the action of chlorine on the following
a) Cold and dilute caustic soda.
b) Hot and concentrated caustic soda.
c) Dry slaked lime.
3. What is the action of following on SO2 ?
a) Cl2 b) O2 c) NaOH
4. How are Xenon fluorides XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6 obtained ?
Give suitable reaction.
5. Arrange the following in the increasing order of the property mentioned.
a) HOCl, HClO2, HClO3, HClO4 (acidic strength)
b) MF, MCl, MBr, MI (ionic character)
c) HF, HCl, HBr, HI (thermal stability)
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Ch. 8
TRANSITION AND INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS
( Marks :6/8 )
Very Short Answer Question: (1 Mark)
1 Write general electronic configuration of 5d series of d-block element.

2 Write general electronic configuration of 3d series.
3 Write the periodic position of Zn element in periodic table.
4 Write general electronic configuration of 4d series of d-block element.
5 Write stable oxidation state of manganese.
6 Write condensed electronic configuration of Sc3+ ion.
7 Write the Molecular Formula of potassium permanganate.
8 Write the spin only formula to calculate magnetic moment.
9 Write the geometry of [Co(H2O)6]2+ ion.
10 Which metals are used in making Brass?
11 Write two metal components of bronze alloy.
12 Write the molecular formula of Chromite ore.
13 Write the name of alloy used specially in formation of gas turbine engines.
14 How are non ferrous alloys formed?
15 The highest oxidation state of first row elements is
16 Write the name of radioactive lanthanoids.
17 Write general electronic configuration of actinoids.
18 Write the formula of ore used in extraction of iron.
19 Write the formula of weakest base from lanthanoid hydroxide.
20 The atomic number of 3d series element is 25, what is its magnetic nature?
21 Write the magnetic nature of iron(Z=26).
22 What is the action of carbon on the following metal oxide: Fe2O3 in blast furnace.
23 Write the chemical formula of Haematite.
24 Give the electronic configuration of Gd (Z=64).
25 Which alloy is used in Fischer Tropsch process in the synthesis of gasoline?
26 Write the atomic numbers of transuranium elements.
27 Write the balanced chemical equation when acidified K2Cr2O7 reacts with H2S.
Short Answer Question: (Type 1) (2 Mark)
1 The observed electronic configuration for Cr is (Ar) 3d5,4S1,while that of copper is

(Ar) 3d104S1.Explain.
2 Write four properties of interstitial compounds.
3 Explain ferrous and nonferrous alloys with example.
4 Define the following terms 1) lanthanoid contraction 2) transuranic elements.
5 Define following terms i) Hydrometallurgy ii) Electrometallurgy.
6 Write name and formula of any two minerals of following metal. i) Iron ii) Zinc.
7 Describe electrolytic oxidation method for preparation of KMnO4.
8 Describe briefly industrial method of preparation of K2Cr2O7.
9 Define the following terms: i) gangue ii) roasting.
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10 Write the chemical reactions involved in the zone of combustion of the blast furnace.
11 Write any four properties of lanthanoids.
12 Distinguish between lanthanoids and actinoids.
13 Write any four similarities of lanthanoids and actinoids.
14 Define actinoid contraction. Write condensed electronic configuration of
Gadolinium(z=64).
15 What is the position of i) Cr ii) Cu in periodic table?
16 Why do transition metal ions exhibit colour?
17 Why do d-block elements form colorless compounds?
18 Write the molecular formula of the following minerals: i) Chalcopyrite ii) Calamine.
19 What are the differences between Cast iron and Steel?
20 Explain the trends in ionization enthalpies of d block elements.
21 The atomic number of an element is 90 .Is the elements diamagnetic or paramagnetic?
Short Answer Question: (Type 1) (2 Mark Numericals)
1 Calculate magnetic moment of Mn2+ ion (Z=26) by spin only formula.

2 Calculate magnetic moment of Ti3+ ion (Z=22) by spin only formula.
3 Calculate magnetic moment of Cr2+ ion (Z=24) by spin only formula
Long Answer Question: (3 Mark)
1 How is potassium permanganate prepared by electrolytic oxidation method?

2 Explain the trends in the following properties of first transition series.
a) Atomic radii b) Ionisation enthalpy c) Metallic character.
3 Explain catalytic properties of transition metal with example.
4 Write properties of interstitial compounds.
5 Explain commercial forms of iron.
6 Write exceptional configuration of copper and Chromium. Write uses of KMnO4.
7 La (OH)3 is the strongest base while Lu (OH)3 is the weakest base. Explain.
8 Write the application of lanthanoid compounds
9 Write the different oxidation state of manganese.Why +2 oxidation state of
manganese is more stable.
10 What is lanthanoid contraction ? Explain the causes and the effect of lanthanoid
contraction.
11 Explain Bessermization process.
12 What is the interstitial compounds? Write any four properties of interstitial
compounds
13 Write the preparation of potassium dichromate from chromite ore.
Short Answer Question: (4 Mark)
1 Calculate spin only magnetic moment of divalent cation of transition metal with
atomic number 25.Salts of Ti 4+ are colorless . Give reason
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—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. COORDINATION COMPOUNDS
( Marks 5/7 )
A] Very short answer questions: (1 Mark)

1. Draw structure of Ethylenediaminetetraacetate ion.
2. Write coordination number of [Fe(C O ) ]
3. Write the chemical composition of Mohr’s salt.
4. Find oxidation number of Cr in [ Cr(CO)6 ].
5. Calculate effective atomic number of Platinum in [ Pt(NH3)6] (Pt, Z=
78)
6. How many ions are produced from the complex [Co(NH3)6]Cl2 in aqueous
solution?
7. Write the type of isomerism exhibited by [ Co(NH3)5(NO2)] and
[Co(NH3)5(ONO)] pair of complex ion.
8. Which ligand used in the estimation of hardness of water.

9. Write the formula used to calculate effective atomic number (EAN) in
coordination compound.
10. Name the Lewis bases present in the complex [PtCl2(NH3)2]
11. Write the name of platinum complex used for treatment of cancer.
12. Name the metal ion complex present in Haemoglobin in blood.
13. Write the shape of complex in which coordination number of central metal
ion is 6 .
B] Short answer questions : (Type-I) (2 Mark)
1. Write postulates of Werner theory of coordination complexes.

2. Distinguish between double salt and coordination complex.
3. Explain homoleptic complexes and hetroleptic complexes.
4. 4. Define terms:- a) Ligand b) Coordination number
5. Classify cationic and anionic complexes from the following coordination
complexes.
a) [Fe (H2O)6]Cl3 b) K4 [Fe (CN)6] c) K4[Ag(CN)2] d) [Co (NH3)6] Cl3.
6. Draw geometric isomers of [Pt (en)3 ]4+
7. Write a note on Linkage isomerism.
8. What is the coordination number and oxidation state of metal ion in the
complex [Zn (NH3)4]2+
9. Find effective atomic number (EAN) in following coordination
compounds.
Zn (Z=30), and Co(Z=27)
a) [Zn(NH3)4]2+ b) [Co(NH3)6]3+.
10. Write the IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds.
a) [Co (C2O4)3]3– b) [Pt Br2(NH3)4]Br2
11. Write the structure of following coordination compounds
a) Sodium hexacyanoferrate (III)
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b) Aquachlorobis(ethylenediamine)cobolt (III)
12. Explain the factors affecting on stability of coordination complex.
13. Write the applications of coordination compounds in medicine.
14. What are ambidenatate ligands? Give example.
15. When coordination compound CoCl 3.6NH3 is mixed with AgNO3, 3
moles of AgCl are precipitated per mole of compound .
Write a) structural formula of complex
b) IUPAC name of complex.
16. Arrange the following complex ions in increasing order of crystal field
splitting energy (∆ ) Justify your answer. [Cr (Cl)6] [Cr ( CN) 3 ] , [Cr
(NH3)6]3+
17. Write limitations of valance bond theory (VBT).
18. Classify following complexes as homoleptic complex and heteroleptic
complex-
a)[Fe(H2O)6]Cl3 b)[Pt (NH3)2Cl2]
c)[Ni(CO)5] d) [Cu(NH3)2ClOH]
19. The stability constant K of the [Ag(CN)2] is 5.5 × 10 While that of for
[Ag (NH3)2] is 1.6× 10 . Explain why [Ag(CN)2] is more stable.
C] Short answer questions : (Type-II) (3 Mark)
1. Explain formation of [Co(F)6] complex ion with respect to –

a) Hybridisation b) Magnetic properties
c) inner /outer complex d) Geometry
2. Give the electronic configuration of the d− orbital of Ti in [Ti(H2O)6]
ion. Explain why this complex is coloured? Ti (Z = 22).
3. Identify the type of isomerism exhibit by following complex compounds.
Write their IUPAC name.
a) [Co (NH3)5SO4] Br. b) [Co (NH3)5Br] SO4.
4. Classify following as cationic, anionic and neutral complexes –
a) K[Ag(CN)2] b) K2[HgI4] c)
[Ru(NH3)4(H2O)2]Br2
d) [Fe(NH3)6](NO3)3 e) [Ni(CO)5] f) [Pt(NH3)2Cl2]
D] Long answer questions (4 Mark)
1. Define terms − a) Coordination isomers b) Solvate or hydrate isomers

(When water is solvent)
Draw cis and trans isomer of [Co(NH3)4 Cl2]
2. Explain [Ni(Cl)4] has tetrahedral geometry while [Ni(CN)4] exsist
Square planer geometry
3. Draw energy level diagram to show d- orbital splitting in the octahedral

complex. Predict the number of unpaired electron in the complex
K4[Fe(CN)6]. Is the complex is diamagnetic or paramagnetic? Is it
coloured? Explain.
*****
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10. Halogen Derivatives

(Marks : 5/7 )
Type-I VSA - 1M -
1. Write an example of allylic halide.
2. State Markownikov’s rule.
3. Name the reagent used to convert alkyl halide to ester.
4. Aryl bromides can be prepared by direct bromination of benzene & its derivative
through electrophilic substitution which catalyst is used for this reaction?
5. Chlorobenzene on treatment with sodium metal in presence of dry ether gives
biphenyl Write name of this reaction.
6. Write Finkelstein reaction.
7. Write the best method from which alkyl chlorides are prepared.
8. Which halogen derivative forms phosgene when exposed to air & light ?
9. State Saytezeff’s rule.
10. Saytzeffs elimination reaction is preferred by which of the following alkene
R2C = CH2 ,RCH =CH2 , R2C =CR2.
11. The alkyl chloride prepared from thionyl chloride and alcohol is the best method for
preparation of alkyl chloride . Give reason .
12. What is the chemical composition of Nicols prism ?
13. How many optical isomers are possible for a compound having four asymmetric carbon
atoms?
14. How many moles of sodium is required to prepare one mole of ethane from methyl chloride
by Wurtz reaction ?
15. Write IUPAC name of neopentyl iodide ?
16. Write formula of product when 2- Chloro 2- methyl butane is treated with with sodium metal
in presence of dry ether .
17. X is optically active alkane having lowest molecular mass . Predict the structure of major
product obtained on monochlorination of X .
Red P+I2
18. In the reacton , R-OH R-I + A . Identify A.
19. Ozone layer is present in which sphere of atmosphere ?
Type-II - 2M -
1. 2-Chlorobutane is optically active. Explain
2. Define a) Optical rotation
b) Racemic modification.
3. Explain SN2 reaction mechanism for alkaline hydrolysis of bromomomethane.
4. Discuss mechanism of alkaline hydrolysis of 2-bromo 2-methyl propane.
5. Distinguish between SN1 & SN2 mechanism of substitution reaction.
6. Explain dehydrohalogenation reaction of 2-bromobutane.
7. What is Grignard’s reagent ? How it is prepared?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. Draw Structure of DDT.Write environmental effects of CH2 Cl2.
9.Which one compound from the following pairs would undergo SN2 reaction faster.
Why ?
CH3 CH2 CH2 I & CH3 CH2 CH2 CI
10.Write a note on Sandmeyer’s reaction.

11.Write IUPAC name and structure of product A and B in the following sequence of
reaction
CH3 CH2 OH ⎯⎯⎯ A B

Heat Acetone
Type-lll -3M-
1.Write chemical reaction for following conversions.
a) Bromoethane to propanenitrile
b) Bromobenzene to toluene
c) n-propyl alcohol to n-propyl iodide
2. What is the action of following on CH3 CH2 I ?
a) AgNO2
b) Mg in dry ether
c) aq. NaOH
3. Identify A,B & C from the following and rewrite the reaction.
.
CH3 CH2 OH ⎯⎯ A ⎯⎯⎯⎯ B ⎯ C
4. Convert the following

a) p-nitrochlorobenzene to p-nitrophenol.
b) 2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene to 2,4 dinitrophenol.
c) 2,4,6 trinitrochlorobenzene to picric acid.
5.Explain the following reaction with respect to chlorobenzene
a) nitrating mixture
b) conc.H2SO4
c) Friedel craft acylation.
6.Complete the following reaction & write it
. . .
CH3-CH= CH2 + HBr ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ A ⎯⎯⎯ B ⎯⎯⎯⎯ C
Identify A,B & C of the reaction.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Long Answer question - 4M-

1.) Arrange the following compounds in decreasing order of their boiling points.
CH3Br, CH3F, CH3 I, CH3Cl
Aryl halide show low reavtivity towards nucleophilic substitution reaction. Give
reasons.
2.) Why alkyl halides are insoluble in water. Define stereoisomers.

Name the reagent used to bring about the following conversions .
a) Bromoethane to Ethoxyethane
b) Ethyl bromide to Ethylisocyanide.
3.) Melting point of para isomer is quite high compared to that of ortho or meta
isomer,Why?
Write IUPAC name of the following compounds.
i) CH3 –CH= C(CH3)-CH-( CH3) Br
ii) CH≡C-Cl
iii) ( CH3)3 C Br
4) Name the polyhalogen compound which is responsible for ozone depletion.
Give resonating structures for chlorobenzene.
Write major product of the following reaction.
CH3 CH3
CH 3 — C = C – CH3 + HI ?
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—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS

(Marks : 4/6 )
A] Very Short Answer Type questions : (1 Mark)

1. Why do phenols give deep coloration with neutral ferric chloride?
2. Hydroboration-oxidation of propene gives…..
3. Write the name of byproduct formed in preparation of phenol by using cumene.
4. Name metamer of diethyl ether.
5. Write name of an electrophile used in Kolbe’s reaction.
6. Write IUPAC name of Crotonyl alcohol.
7. The product formed in the reaction of reverse of dehydration of alcohol is?
8. Write the structure of the major product of hydroboration-oxidation of propene.
9. Which of the following is more volatile: o-nitrophenol or p-nitrophenol ?
10. Write the reaction for the preparation of aspirin from salicylic acid.
11. Write the name of major product when anisole reacts HI at 398 K.
12. What is action of atmospheric oxygen on ethers ?
13. Draw intramolecular hydrogen bonding structure in o-nitrophenol.
14. Name of ether which is free from moisture and alcohol.
15. Name the factors responsible for solubility of alcohols in water.
16. What is IUPAC name of Dimethyl ether?
17. Which is intermediate product of Dow process?
18. Hybridization of oxygen atom in Ether is?
19. Predict expected product in the following reaction:
Ph-OH + Zn ?
20. Ether is good solvent for Grignard regent. Which property makes it as a good solvent?
21. Write the name of reaction during conversion of phenol to salicylic acid.
22. Which positions are occupied by -NO2 group during nitration of carbolic acid?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23. Write IUPAC name of alcohol having molecular formula C4H10O which is resistant
towards oxidation.
24. Write structure of optically active alcohol having molecular formula C4H10O.
25. Write the structure of aldehyde that yields CH3-CH(CH3)CH=CH-CH2OH by

reduction with LiAlH4.
26. What happens when benzene diazonium chloride is heated with water?
B] Short Answer Type questions : (Type-I) (2 Mark)

1. What is the action of following on pent-3-en-al, write complete chemical equation.
a) H2/Ni
b) LiAlH4/ H3O+
2. Write the reactions involved in preparation of phenol from aniline.
3. Write the name of reagents used to convert phenol into:
a) picric acid
b) p-benzoquinone
4. Write chemical equations when acetyl chloride reacts with following reagents
a) ethanol b) phenol
5. How ethanol is prepared from methanal by using Grignard reagent?
6. How phenol is prepared from cumene?
7. Explain p-nitrophenol is less volatile than o-nitrophenol.
8. How carbolic acid is prepared from benzene sulphonic acid?
9. What is Metamerism? Explain metamerism with suitable examples of ethers.
10. Why phenol is more acidic than ethyl alcohol?
11. Why p-nitrophenol is a stronger acid than phenol?
12. How will you synthesise:
a) 1-phenylethanol from a suitable alkene ?
b) pentan-1-ol using a suitable alkyl halide?
13. How are following conversions carried out -
a) Propene  Propan-2-ol
b) Benzyl chloride  Benzyl alcohol.
14. Give reason for higher boiling point of ethanol in comparison to methoxymethane.
15. Illustrate with examples the limitations of Williamson synthesis for preparation of
certain type of ethers.
16. Write note on Friedel-Crafts reaction of alkylation of anisole.
17. Write reaction of preparation of Salicylic acid from phenol.
18. Give note on Reimer-Tiemann reaction.
19. An organic compound with the formula C4H10O3 shows properties of ether and
alcohol. When treated with an excess of HBr yields only one compound
1,2-dibromomethane. Write structural formula of ether and that of alcohol.
20. Describe physical properties of phenol.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21. Give reason- Methanol is more soluble in water than propan-1-ol.
22. Complete the following reactions and name the products-
a) Phenol+ zinc dust  ?
b) Phenol + NaOH  ?
23. Write preparation of phenol from aniline.
24. Write two points of difference between properties of phenol and ethyl alcohol.
25. Why phenol is more acidic than ethyl alcohol?
26. Give the reagents and conditions necessary to prepare phenol from:
a) chlorobenzene
b) benzene sulfonic acid
27. Give a chemical test to distinguish between ethanol and ethyl bromide.
28. Write structural formulae for:
a) 3-Methoxyhexane
b) Pentane-1,4-diol
29. Write IUPAC names for following:
a) CH3-CH(OH)-CH(CH3)-CH2-OH
b) C6H11-O-CH3
30. Write uses of alcohol.
31. Write short note ( any one )
a) Electrophilic substitution in aromatic ethers.
b) Laboratory test for ethers.
c) Acidic character of phenols.
d) Characteristic test for phenols.
e) Lucas test for alcohols.
f) Hydroboration-oxidation of alkenes.
g) Intermolecular hydrogen bonding between alcohol and phenol.
C] Short Answer Type of questions : (Type-II) (3 Mark)

1. What is action of following reagents on phenol at low temperature.
a) H2/Ni b) LiAlH4/H3O+
2. Explain with reactions, the action of Lucas reagent on primary, secondary and tertiary
alcohols.
3. How will you bring about the following conversions?
a) isopropyl alcohol to acetone.
b) 2-methylpropan-2-ol to 2-methylpropane.
c) acetone to 2-methylpropan-2-ol.
4. Compound A with molecular formula C6H5Cl is fused with NaOH at high temperature
under pressure to give compound B. Compound B on treatment with dil.HCl gives
compound C having characteristic carbolic odour. Write the chemical equations in
support of this. Name the process and give uses of compound C.
5. Write the preparation of ethanol from methyl magnesium iodide. Write the reaction
between ethanol and acetic anhydride.
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—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. How do you convert the following:
a) phenol to anisole
b) propane-2-ol to 2-methylpropan-2-ol
c) aniline to phenol.
7. Explain laboratory test for phenol. How is methoxybenzene is prepared from carbolic
acid?
8. Which of the following can be prepared by using diazomethane?
a) Methyl n-propyl ether
b) Diethyl ether
c) Ethyl n-propyl ether
9. Write the reactions of following-

a) Halogenation of anisole
b) Friedel Crafts alkylation of anisole
c) Friedel Crafts acylation of anisole
10. Write the mechanism of action of HBr on tert-butyl methyl ether.
11. Write the structure of alkyl halide and alcohol obtained by the action of HBr on
following ethers-
a) cyclopentyl ethyl ether.
b) tert-Butyl n-propyl ether.
c) Isopropyl ethyl ether
13. Write reactions of preparation of 10,20 and 30 alcohols by Grignard reagent.
14. Write note on esterification of alcohols by reaction with:
carboxylic acid, acid halides, acid anhydrides.
15. Write note on esterification of phenols by reaction with:
carboxylic acid, acid halides, acid anhydrides.
16. Draw the structure of Pyrogallol. Write the reaction showing major and minor
products formed on heating butan-2-ol with conc. sulfuric acid.
17. What is action of following on phenol:
a) Bromine in CS2 at low temperature.
b) Dilute nitric acid at room temperature.
c) Conc. sulfuric acid at room temperature,
18. Write note on-
a) Oxidation of phenol
b) Catalytic hydrogenation of phenol
c) Reduction of phenol.
19. Draw the structure of: 3,5-dimethylhexane-1,3,5-triol.
How are the following conversions carried out?
a) Methyl magnesium bromide  2-methylpropan-2-ol
b) But-2-ene  Butan-2-ol.
20. Write the reactions:
a) Anisole with Br2 in acetic acid.
b) Anisole with methyl chloride.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c) Anisole with acetyl chloride.
21. Write any two uses of alcohols, phenols and ethers.
22. Write the product when 10, 20 and 30 alcohol vapours are passed over hot copper.
23. Convert the following.
a) Ethanal to ethanol.
b) chlorobenzene to phenol.
c) Iodomethane to phenol.
PREVIOUS YEARS BOARD QUESTIONS
1. Give IUPAC name of (CH3)3C-CH(OH)-C2H5. (March 2019)
2. Write the following conversion: Ethoxyethane into ethanol. (July 2019)
3. Give two uses of ethanol. (July 2019)
4. Write IUPAC name of Pyroglycol. (July 2019)
5. Write structural formula of the alcohol that results when acetaldehyde is reacted with
CH3MgBr in the presence of dry ether and the product is hydrolysed. (March 2020)
6. How ethanol is prepared from following compounds:
a) Ethanal b) Ethene c) Bromoethane (March 2020)
7. Write note on Kolbe reaction (Sept. 2021)
8. Convert the following: (Sept.2021)
a) chlorobenzene to phenol b) ethanal to ethanol
c) iodoethane to methoxy methane.
9. Write preparation of phenol to aniline. (March 2022)
10. Write chemical reactions of following reagents on methoxy methane: (M’ 2022)
a) Hot HI b) PCl5 c) dil.H2SO4
11. Write the name of reaction during conversion of phenol to salicylic acid. (J’2022)
12. Write balanced chemical equations of the following reagents on carbolic acid:
a) Br 2 water b) Conc.HNO3
13. What happens when vapours of 10 and 20 alcohols are passed over hot Cu
metal?(J’2022)
14. Convert following: (March 2023)
i) Diethyl ether into ethyl chloride
ii) Phenol into benzene
iii) Ethyl alcohol into ethyl acetate
15. Write the chemical reaction for the following conversion : Acetic acid into ethyl
alcohol. (March 2023)
16. Prepare following by using methyl iodide: (March’2023)
i) Ethanol ii) Propan-2-ol iii) 2-methylpropan-2-ol
17. Write preparation of a) Diethyl ether b) Ethyl cyanide c) Ethyl bromide.
(March’2024)
18. CH3CH2OH red P/Br2  A alc..KCN  B LiAlH4/ether  C (March’2024)
19. Convert the following: (March’2024)
a) Acetaldehyde to isopropyl alcohol b) Cumene to phenol c) Anisole to phenol.
********
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12. ALDEHYDES,KETONES, AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS.

( Marks : 6/8 )
Very Short Answer Questions : (1 Mark)
Q.1 Write the structure of benzaldehyde.

Q.2 How many -COOH groups are present in oxalic acid molecule ?
Q.3 Write the IUPAC name of acetic acid.
Q.4 Give the name of ketone produced when ethanoyl chloride reacts with dimethyl
cadmium.
Q.5 Complete the following reaction
CH3-CH = CH-CH2-CN DIBAl -H
Q.6 Define saponification.
Q.7 Give chemical equation for conversion of cyclohexene to adipic acid
Q.8 What is dry ice ?
Q.9 Write the structure of dimer of acetic acid .
Q.10 Name the reagent used to prepare acetone cyanohydrin from acetone.
Q.11 Write chemical reaction for conversion of ethanal to 3-hydroxybutanal.
Q.12 Why Cannizzaro reaction is called disproportionation reaction ?
Short Answer Questions : (Type I ) (2 Mark)

Q.1 Give classification of aliphatic ketones.
Q.2 Write the trivial names of following compounds
1) CH3-CH2-COOH
2) CH3-CH2-CHO
Q.3 Explain Rosenmund reduction reaction.
Q.4 Write a note on Etard reaction
Q.5 What is the action of dil. H2SO4 and dil NaOH on methyl propanoate ?
Q.6 Explain silver mirror test.
Q.7 What is the action of sodium bisulphite on
1) Acetone
2) Acetaldehyde ?
Q.8 Write the chemical reactions for conversion of the following compounds into
alcohols using Grignard reagent .
1) HCHO
2) CH3-CO-CH3
Q.9 Complete the following reactions
1) CH3-CHO + NH2-NH2
2) CH3-CO-CH3 + NH2-NH2
Q.10 Explain Haloform reaction with suitable example.
Q.11 Convert
1) Acetone to acetic acid
2) Butan-2-one to propanoic acid
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Short Answer Questions (Type II ) (3 Mark)

Q.1 Write the structure of acetophenone.
Give the classification of carboxylic acids .
Q.2 Write the IUPAC names of following structures
1) CH3-CH2-CO-CH3
2) 2) (CH3)2CH-COOH
Name the catalyst used in hydration of alkynes to form aldehyde.
Q.3 Identify the product A and B in the following reaction
CH3-CN + CH3-Mg-Cl dry ether A hydrolysis B + NH3 + Mg(Cl)OH
Convert acetyl chloride to acetic acid.

Q.4. Explain Friedel Craft acylation reaction to prepare aromatic ketones.
Name the final product in side chain chlorination of toluene.
Q.5 What is the action of KMnO4 in presence of KOH on following compounds ?
1) Toluene
2) Cumene
Complete the following reaction
C6H5-CH = CH2 KMnO4 + dil H2SO4
Q.6 Give the correct order of increasing boiling points for carboxylic acids
,aldehydes and ketones.
Explain the influence of electronic effect and steric effect on the reactivity of
aldehydes and ketones .
Q.7 Describe Schiff test to distinguish aldehydes and ketones.
Explain nitroprusside test in details.
Q.8 What is hemiacetal ?
What is the action of following on acetaldehyde ?
1) Ethanol in presence of dry HCl
2) Semicarbazide
Q.9 Write a note on Wolf-Kishner reduction.
Which reducing agent is used in Clemmensen reduction ?
Q.10 Give the structures of following
1) m-nitrobenzaldehyde
2) p-nitrobenzoic acid
Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of acidic strength .
Br-CH2-COOH , F-CH2-COOH , Cl-CH2-COOH
Q.11 Explain Ester test to identify the presence of -COOH group in carboxylic acids.
Write only chemical equation for the conversion of sodium acetate to methane.
Long Answer Questions (4 Mark)

Q.1 What are aliphatic aldehydes ? Draw the structure of Aspirin.
Write the reactions for following preparation
1) Ethanal from ethanol
2) Propanone from Propan-2-ol
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Q.2 Write two resonating structures for acetate ion.
Complete the following reactions
CH3-CH2-OH Cu , 573 K
Write a note on ozonolysis
Q.3 Explain Gatterman-Koch formylation reaction.
Identify the products A and B in the following.
CH3-Mg-Br + CO2 dry ether A hydrolysis B + Mg(Br)OH
Q.4 What is the action of following reagents on ethanoic acid ?

1) SOCl2
2) PCl3
3) P2O5
Name the reagent used to convert sodium acetate to methane .
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13. Amines
( Marks :3/4 )
A] Very short answer type of questions (1 mark)

1. Write the general formula of azo compound formed during azo coupling reaction.
2. Arrange the following amines in decreasing order of their basic strength.
NH3 ,CH3-NH2, (CH3)2NH, C6H5NH2.
3. Draw the structure of chemical reagent used in Hinsberg test to distinguish
between primary,secondary and tertiary amines.
4. How many moles of ethyl bromide is required to convert ethanamine to N,N-
diethyl ethanamine?
5. Write the carbylamine reaction by using aniline as starting material.
6. Write IUPAC name of triethyl amine.
7. Write the name of amide which gives ethanamine by Hofmann bromamide
reaction.
8. Arrange the following amines in an increasing order of boiling points. n- propyl
amine,ethyl methyl amine,trimethylamine.
9. Why aromatic amines readily undergo electrophilic substitution reactions?
H O
10. Complete the following reaction. C6H5N+2Cl- 
2
283 K ?
B] Short answer questions (Type-I) – 2 marks:

1. Identify A and B.Complete and rewrite the following reaction.
moist 
CH3-CH2-N+(CH3)3-I- 
Ag O  A  B.
2
2. Write chemical reactions to convert aniline to-

a) 2,4,6-tribromoaniline b) sulphanilic acid
3. Write a note on Mendius reaction.
4. Explain carbylamine reaction with suitable example.
5. Explain amines are basic in nature with example.
6. Identify A and B in the following reactions.
KCN Na / ethanol
CH3CH2Br  
 A   B.
7. Write and name the reaction to prepare amine containing less number of carbon
atoms from acid amide.
8. Arrange the following.
a) In the increasing order of basic strength- (C2H5)2NH, C6H5NH2, CH3NH2
b) In the increasing order of solubility in water. (C2H5)2NH, C2H5NH2, (C2H5)3N
9. What is the action of lithium aluminium hydride in the presence of ether on the
following compounds? a) Nitroethane b) Acetamide .
10. Complete the following reactioins .
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HCl / H PO
a) Ar-N2+ Cl- 
Cuprouschloride  ? b) Ar- N2+ Cl- 
3 2  ?
C] Short answer questions (Type-II) – 3 marks :

1. Write one example of following name reactions.
a)Sandmeyer reaction. b) Gatterman reaction. c)Hofmann degradation.
2. Write a note on Gabriel phthalimide synthesis.
3. Write IUPAC names of following amines.
a) CH3 b) CH3 – CH – NH – CH3
CH3 – C – CH3 CH3
NH2
c)
4. Identify the following amines as primary, secondary,tertiary and write their

IUPAC names.
a) (C2H5)2NH b) C6H5NH2 c)
5 . What is the action of acetyl chloride on

a ) ethanamine b) N- Methyl aniline c) N- Methyl methanamine
6. What are azo coupling reactions? Write chemical reactions involved when
benzene
diazonium chloride is treated with phenol and aniline.
7. What is diazotization test? (Orange dye test) .Write diazotization reaction of
aniline.
8 What is the action of following reagents on ethyl amine
a) Chloroform and KOH b) Nitrous acid c) Ethanoyl chloride.
D] Long answer questions – 4 marks

1. What are amines? Distinguish between methyl amine, dimethyl amine,
trimethyl amine by
Hinsberg´s reagent.
2. How benzene diazonium chloride can be converted to
a) Benzene b) Chlorobenzene
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—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c) Phenol d) Iodobenzene
3. How ethanamine can be prepared from
a) Nitroethane b) Acetamide
c) Acetonitrile d) Ethyl iodide
4. What are quaternary ammonium salts ? Identify A,B and C.Rewrite the
complete reactions.
 CH I CH I
CH3NH2 + CH3 I   A 
3  B 
3  C
5. a) Draw resonance structures of aryl diazonium salts.

b) Explain Hofmann bromamide degradation with suitable example.
6. Write reactions to bring about the following conversioins.
a) Aniline into p- nitroaniline
a) Aniline into zwitter ion.
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14. BIOMOLECULES
( Marks : ¾ )
A] Very Short Answer Question (1 Mark)
1) Write the names of any two biomolecules.

2) By which formula many of the carbohydrates can be expressed?
3) What are carbohydrates?
4) Write the chemical reaction involved in laboratory method used for the preparation of
glucose.
5) Write the chemical reaction used for the preparation of glucose from starch.
6) What happens when glucose is reacted with 𝑁𝐻 − 𝑂𝐻 ?
7) Draw the Fisher projection formula of glucose.
8) Draw the structure of L-(-) Glyceraldehyde
9) 𝐻⨁
Complete the reaction, 𝐶 𝐻 𝑂 + 𝐻 𝑂 −−⟶ __𝐴__ + __𝐵__.
△
10) Ring structure of glucose is formed by reaction between which groups?
11) What is the molecular formula of pyran?
12) Write the glycosidic linkage in lactose.
13) Depending upon which factor amino acid can exist in different forms?
14) Name the resulting dipeptide formed by combination of carboxyl group of glycine
with 𝛼 − 𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜 group of alanine.
15) Secondary structure of protein is determined by which bonding?
16) Laundry detergents is manufactured by which enzyme?
17) How many hydrogen bonds are formed by adenine with thymine and guanine with
cytosine?
B] Short Answer Questions : (Type-I) (2 Marks)
1) What are biomolecules & carbohydrates.

2) Classify the following into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
i) cellulose ii) Ribose iii) Maltose iv) Stachyose
3) How glucose can be prepared commercially?
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—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4) What are hydrolysis products of i) Sucrose and ii) Maltose?

5) What happens when D-glucose is reacted with following reagents?
i) HI ii) Bromine water
6) Draw Fisher projection formulae for glucose and saccharic acid.
7) Write Haworth formula of lactose and cellulose.
8) Write the structures of 𝛼 − 𝐷 − (+) − 𝑔𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑦𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑒 and 𝛽 − 𝐷 − (+) −
𝑔𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑦𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑒.
9) How will you prove the following with respect to glucose?
a) Presence of five hydroxyl group and b) Presence of -CHO group.
10) What are essential amino acids? Give any two examples.
11) Differentiate between globular and fibrous proteins.
12) Write a note on denaturation of protein.
13) What is secondary structure of protein? What are common types of secondary
structure of proteins?
14) Write a note on mechanism of enzyme catalysis.
15) Write the structures of nucleoside and nucleotide.
16) What is the difference between nucleoside and nucleotide.
17) Hydrolysed solution of sucrose is called invert sugar. Give reason.
18) How do you explain the amphoteric behaviour of amino acids?
19) Classify following carbohydrates into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and
polysaccharides.
(a) Glycogen (b) Raffinose (c) Stachyose (d) Ribose
20) Classify following oligosaccharides into a) Disaccharides, b) Trisaccharides c)
Tetrasaccharides
i) lactose ii) raffinose iii) maltose iv) stachyose
C] Short Answers Questions : (Type-II) (3 Marks)
1) How oligosaccharides are classified? Explain with examples.

2) What are carbohydrates? Explain how glucose is prepared from sucrose.
3) What happens when glucose is reacted with – a) HCN b) HI and c) (𝐶𝐻 𝐶𝑂) 𝑂.
4) Write the classification of amino acids giving examples.
5) Draw the Haworth formulae of – i) 𝛼 − 𝐷 − (−)𝑓𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑒
ii) maltose and iii) lactose.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6) Define the following:

a) Peptide bond b) Enzymes c) Glycosidic linkage.
7) Define 𝛼 − 𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑠. Explain D – and L – configuration system in sugars.
8) Explain ring structure of glucose.
9) How glucose is separated from fructose in laboratory method? Give two evidences for
presence of aldehydic group in glucose.
10) Explain Haworth formula of glucopyranose.
11) Draw three forms of alanine depending upon the pH of the aqueous solution in which
it is dissolved.
12) With the help of neat diagram for enzyme catalysis, explain in detail mechanism of
enzyme catalysis.
13) Draw a neat diagram for the following the following;
a) Howarth formula of maltose
b) AMP
c) Adenine
14) Draw the structures of pyrimidine bases.
D] Long Answer Questions : (4 Marks)
1) How are proteins classified on the basis of molecular shape? Draw the structure of
purine bases present in DNA.
2) What is - a) Peptide bond and b) Primary structure of protein. Write the correct
reaction for formation of peptide bond between amino acids.
3) What are carbohydrates? Give classification of carbohydrates?
4) Explain the structure of protein in detail.
5) Explain double helix structure of DNA in detail.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

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15. Introduction to Polymer Chemistry

( Marks : 3/4 )
A] Very Short Answer Questions : ( 1- Mark Questions)
1.Draw polymer structure of terylene.

2. Which of the two is a copolymer : PVC or PHBV ?
3.How is neoprene prepared ?
4.Write the reaction involved in the formation of natural rubber.
5. Write the structure of melamine.
6. Write the formula of the raw material used for the preparation of Nylon 6.
7. Write the name of the monomers used for the preparation of polyamide copolymer.
8. Write two examples of condensation polymers.
9. Write chemical composition of PVC polymer.
10. Write chemical reaction for preparation of LDP.
11. Write the reaction for the formation orlon.
12. Name the polymer which is used in making non stick cookware.
13. Write the reaction for the preparation of Nylon 6.
14. Write any two uses of terylene.
15. Write the name and structure of monomer used in the preparation of polyacrylonitrile.
16. Write the reaction for the formation of HDP.
17. Write the formulae of the raw materials used for preparation of Buna-S.
18. Write the structure of the monomer used in the preparation of following:
[- CH2 - CH = C - CH2- ]n
Cl
19. Write the structure of monomer of Thermocol.
20.Give the names of animal polymers.
21. Write the name of branched chain polymer.
22.What is degree of polymerization ?
23.Name the monomer of Glyptal.
24.Which polymer is used to obtain surgical sutures ?
B] Short Answer Questions Type I : ( 2 Marks Questions )
1. Write examples of: - Addition Polymers and Condensation Polymers

2. Give one example each of: - Copolymer and Homopolymer
3. What type of intermolecular force leads to i) buna-S ii) terylene polymers ?
4. What type of inter molecular forces present in following polymers ? -i) Nylon-6,6 ii)
Polythene
5. Write the names and structures of the monomer units of buna-N .
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Write the name and structure of the monomers used in the preparation of PHBV.
7. Write the names of biodegradable polymers.
8. Write note on vulcanisation of rubber.
9. Write structural formula of following synthetic rubber: i) Buna- N ii) Neoprene.
10. What are biodegradable polymers and non-biodegradable polymers?
11. Write the chemical reaction to prepare novolac polymer.
12. Write names and chemical formulae of monomers used in preparing novolac.
13. Write names and chemical formulae of monomers used in preparing Nylon-2 nylon-6
polymer .
14. Write the reactions involved in the preparation of: (a) Teflon (b) PVC.
15. Explain branched and linear polymers .
16. How are polythene and neoprene prepared?
17. Write the formation of viscose rayon.
18. Write the reactions for the preparation of: (i)Poly vinyl chloride (ii)
Polytetrafluoroethylene.
19. Write the reactions for the formation of dacron polymer.
20. Write the reaction to prepare melamine formaldehyde Polymer.
21. Write the reactions involved in the preparation of: (i)Nylon-6 (ii) Orlon
22. How are the following polymers prepared: (i) neoprene (ii) polyisoprene
23. Explain the term Homopolymer with one suitable example.
24. What are elastomers? Explain with one suitable example.
25. Write the uses of following polymers (a) Orlon (b) Teflon
26. Write any two uses of a) Terylene b) Nylon 6 6
27.Match the following pairs:
Name of polymer Monomer
i Bakelite a CH2=CH2
ii Polythene b CF2=CF2
iii Teflon c CH2=CHCl
iv PVC d C6H5OH and HCHO
28.Identify thermoplastic and thermosetting plastic polymers from the following:
i) PET ii) Bakelite iii) Polythene iv) Phenol formaldehyde
polymer
29. Define ( Any Two )
1. polymers.
2. Fibers
3. Copolymer.
4. Addition polymer.
5. Biodegradable polymers.
6. Ring-opening polymerization.
7. Cross-linked polymers
8. Natural polymers.
9. Semisynthetic polymers.
10. Linear polymers
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11.Thermosetting polymers
12.Thermoplastic polymers.
C] Short Answer Questions : Type II :( 3 Marks Questions )
1.Define non-biodegradable polymer. Write the preparation of: (i) Teflon (ii) PVC
2. How Nylon-2-Nylon-6 is prepared ?Write its uses.
3. How is Nylon 6 6 prepared? Write any 'two' uses of terylene.
4. What are biodegradable polymers and non-biodegradable polymers? Write 'one' example
of each.
5. Write the steps involved in the free radical mechanism during the preparation of addition
polymer.
6.How are polymers classified on the basis of polymerisation process?
7.Complete the following table.
Polymer Polymerisation Type of linkage
Nylon 2-nylon 6 Condensation ……………….
polymerization
Terylene ………………………… ……………….
Nylon 6 ………………………… ……………….
PHBV ………………………… Ester linkage
Board questions ( From 2019 onwards )
1.Write the name of biodegradable polyamide copolymer. (Mar22) 1M

2. Write chemical reaction for the preparation of polyacrylonitrile. (Feb24) 1M
3. Write the structure and name of monomer of (i) Nylon-6 (ii) Natural rubber (Feb24) 2M
4. Write the reaction involved in the formation of Teflon. (July22 , July23) 1M
5. How is Nylon 6 6 prepared? (Mar23,July23) 2M
6. Write the name of monomer used for preparation of Nylon 6.(July23 ) 1M
7. Write the chemical composition of Ziegler-Natta catalyst.(July22) 1M
8. Write chemical reactions to prepare the following polymers: (i) Teflon (ii) Nylon-6
(Mar19) 2M
9. How is terylene prepared? (Mar20) 2M
10. Write the reaction for the preparation of polymer by using the monomer
:Tetrafluoroethene ( July19) 1M
11. How are polymers classified on the basis of structure ? (Mar22) 3M
12. Write the difference between thermosetting and thermoplastic polymer.(July18) 2M
13. Define non-biodegradable polymers (Feb20) 1M
14. Define elastomers. (July22) 1M
15. Define condensation polymer ( July19) 1M
16. Define homopolymers.(July19) 1M
17.Define vulcanization.(Mar23) 1M
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16. Green Chemistry and Nano Chemistry

( Marks : 3/4 )
A] Very Short Answer type Questions : (1 Mark)
1. Define the terms: a) Green chemistry b) Sustainable development c) Atom economy.
(1Mark each)
2. Which principle of green chemistry has its perspective towards to carrying out reactions at
room temperature and pressure?
3. Name the principle of green chemistry which has its perspective largely towards
petrochemicals.
4. Write any example of nanoparticles which is used in photocatalysis.
5. Write the name of nanomaterial synthesis process, which is based on inorganic
polymerization.
6. Write the name of the technique used to determine the particle size of nanomaterial.
7. Name the technique which gives the information about absorption of functional groups.
8. Write the name of the technique used to determine morphology of the nanomaterial.
B] Short answer type – I questions ; (2 Marks)

1. Mention any four principles of green chemistry.
2. How will you prevent the generation of waste or byproducts?
3. Explain the principle, less hazardous chemical synthesis with suitable example.
4. Which nanomaterial is used in sunscreen lotion? Write its use.
5. Define atom economy. Write the formula to calculate % atom economy.
6. How will you illustrate the principle, use of safer solvent and auxiliaries?
7. How will you illustrate the principle, minimization of steps?
8. Match the following pairs:
Group A (Reaction) Group B (Catalyst used)
a) Hydrogenation of oil 1. V2O5
b) Haber’s process of manufacture of NH3 2. Zieglar-Natta
c) Manufacture of HDPE polymer 3. Iron
d) Manufacture of H2SO4 by contact 4. Nickel
process
9. Explain the principle, designing safer chemical with any one example.
10. Define the terms: a) Nanomaterial and b) Nanochemistry.
11. Define the terms:: a) Zero dimensional nanostructure b) Two dimensional nanostructure.
12. What do you mean by sol and gel?
13. Mention the steps involved in sol-gel process.
Group A (Instrument used) Group B (Information)
a) UV-visible spectrophotometer 1. Particle size
b) X-ray diffractometer 2. Structure of surface of material
(Morphology)
c) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) 3. Particle size, crystal structure
(Geometry)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
d) Transmission electron microscope 4. Preliminary conformation of
(TEM) formation of nanoparticles

Group A (Name of Technique) Group B (Information)
a) UV-visible spectroscopy 1. Particle size
b) X-ray Diffraction (XRD) 2. Structure of surface of
material (Morphology)
c) Scanning electron microscopy 3. Particle size, crystal
structure (Geometry)
d) Transmission electron 4. Preliminary conformation
microscopy of formation of
nanoparticles
16. Write any two applications of nanomaterials.

17. How nanotechnology plays an important role in water purification techniques?
NUMERICALS (2 Marks)
1. Calculate % atom economy in the conversion of Butan-1-ol to 1-Bromobutane.

CH3 — CH2 — CH2 — CH2 — OH + NaBr + H2SO4
CH3 — CH2 — CH2 — CH2 — Br + NaHSO4 + H2O
( Atomic mass of C = 12, H = 1, O = 16, Na = 23, Br = 80, S = 32))
(Ans. = 49.81 %)
2. Calculate % atom economy of the following:
CH3 — CH2 — OH CH2 = CH2 + H2O
( Atomic mass of C = 12, H = 1, O = 16)
(Ans. = 60.90 %)
3. Calculate % atom economy of fermentation of sugar (glucose) to ethanol.
C6H12O6(aq) 2C2H5 — OH(aq) + 2CO2(g)
(Atomic mass of C = 12, H = 1, O = 16)
(Ans. = 51.10 %)
C] Short answer Type – II questions : (3 Marks)
1. Explain sol-gel process for preparation of nanomaterials.

2. Explain the role of green chemistry.
3. Explain any three characteristic features of nanoparticles.
4. Describe the two methods of synthesizing nanoparticles.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Previously asked Questions in Board Examination:
1. Write the name of the nanostructured material used in car tyres to increase the life of tyres.
(Sept. 2021, Mar.2023)
2. Explain three principles of green chemistry. (Sept. 2021)
3. Define : Green chemistry. Write two advantages of nanotechnology. (Mar.2022)
4. Name the metal nanoparticle which acts as highly effective bacterial disinfectant in water
purification process. (Mar.2022)
5. Define : a) Green chemistry b) Nanotechnology.(July 2022)
6. Define : Nanochemistry. (July 2022)
7. Write the name of the technique used to know geometry of nanoparticles.(Mar.2023)
8. Define : Green chemistry. Write two advantages of nanoparticle and nanotechnology.
(Mar.2023)
9. Name the γ-isomer of Benzene hexachloride.(July 2023)
10. Write any three advantages and disadvantages of nanoparticle and nanotechnology.
(July 2023)
11. Define: a) Nanoscience (Mar.2024)
12. Write the name of the metal nanoparticle used to remove E.Coli bacteria from water.
(Mar.2024)
13. What is nano material? Write the reaction involved in sol-gel process during hydrolysis.
(Mar.2024).
14. Write the name of the insecticide which is effectively used instead of DDT.(July 2024)
15. Which flower is an example of self-cleaning? (July 2024)
16. Write two principles of green chemistry. (July 2024)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

XII CHEMISTRY QUESTION BANK 2024

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[ Question Bank ] ” ान, व ान आ ण सुसं कार यांसाठ श ण सार” - श णमहष डॉ.

बापज ू ी साळंु खे [ Chemistry ]

Vidyasamiti, Shri Swami Vivekanand Shikshan Sanstha, Kolhapur……. 1

( Std - 12th Sci. Sub - Chemistry )

1 Solid State Shri. P.A Sawant 3

2 Solutions Shri. S.G Kumbhar 10

3 Ionic Equilibria Miss.J.P.Shinde 17

4 Chemical Thermodynamics Shri. K.J. Gujar 20

5 Electrochemistry Mrs. L.R. Coutinho 25

6 Chemical Kinetics Shri. R.D. Patil 30

7 Elements of Group 16, 17 and 18 Mrs. S.P.Patil 33

8 TRANSITION AND INNER TRANSITION Shri. S.D.Godase 36

9 COORDINATION COMPOUNDS Shri. R.H.Kadam 38

10 HALOGEN DERIVATIVES Shri. S.R. Patil 40

11 ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS Shri. A.K.Kalbhor 43

12 ALDEHYDES,KETONES, AND Shri. Patil R. S. 48

13 AMINES Mrs. Chavan S.A. 51

14 BIOMOLECULES Shri. Deshmukh A.A. 54

15 Introduction to Polymer Chemistry Miss. Patil V.V. 57

16 Green Chemistry and Nano Chemistry Shri. R.D. Dixit 60

Vidyasamiti, Shri Swami Vivekanand Shikshan Sanstha, Kolhapur……. 2

A] VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)

1. Which types of solids contain molecules as constituent particles?

Vidyasamiti, Shri Swami Vivekanand Shikshan Sanstha, Kolhapur……. 3

B] SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (TYPE- I) (2 MARKS)

Vidyasamiti, Shri Swami Vivekanand Shikshan Sanstha, Kolhapur……. 4

Vidyasamiti, Shri Swami Vivekanand Shikshan Sanstha, Kolhapur……. 5

C] SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (TYPE- II) (3 MARKS)

Vidyasamiti, Shri Swami Vivekanand Shikshan Sanstha, Kolhapur……. 6

24. A compound made of elements C and D crystallizes in fcc structure. Atoms

Vidyasamiti, Shri Swami Vivekanand Shikshan Sanstha, Kolhapur……. 7

D] LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (TYPE- III) (4 MARKS)

1. a) Write the consequences of Schottky defect with reasons.

Vidyasamiti, Shri Swami Vivekanand Shikshan Sanstha, Kolhapur……. 8

Vidyasamiti, Shri Swami Vivekanand Shikshan Sanstha, Kolhapur……. 9

A] VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : (1MARK)

Vidyasamiti, Shri Swami Vivekanand Shikshan Sanstha, Kolhapur……. 10

B] SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : (TYPE- I) (2 MARKS)

Vidyasamiti, Shri Swami Vivekanand Shikshan Sanstha, Kolhapur……. 11

Vidyasamiti, Shri Swami Vivekanand Shikshan Sanstha, Kolhapur……. 12

C] SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : (TYPE- II) (3 MARKS)

Vidyasamiti, Shri Swami Vivekanand Shikshan Sanstha, Kolhapur……. 13

D] LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : (TYPE- III) (4 MARKS)

1. Define Solubility. Explain the three factors affecting on solubility.

Board questions ( From 2019 onwards)

Vidyasamiti, Shri Swami Vivekanand Shikshan Sanstha, Kolhapur……. 14

Numerical Questions (board numericals)

1. What is the concentration of dissolved oxygen at 50oC under pressure of one

Vidyasamiti, Shri Swami Vivekanand Shikshan Sanstha, Kolhapur……. 15

Nature of solute Effect of temperature Effect of pressure

Raoult’s law ( liquid –liquid type solution)

Ideal solutions- Non-ideal solutions

Positive deviation Negative deviation

Colligative Properties ( Non-electrolyte solute)

Vapour Pressure Boiling point Freezing point Osmotic pressure

Colligative Properties ( Electrolyte solute)

Vapour Pressure Boiling point Freezing point Osmotic pressure

Van’t Hoff Factor & degree of dissociation :

Vidyasamiti, Shri Swami Vivekanand Shikshan Sanstha, Kolhapur……. 16

A] VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : (1 MARK)