Atomic Structure RAFTAAR
Atomic Structure RAFTAAR
Atomic Structure RAFTAAR
=> NEET
STRUCTURE
RAFTAAR
DAY 2
RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
CHEMISTRY SCHEDULE -NITESH DEVNANI
478-7PM
29th February-Thursday: #DAYI COMPLETED
Lecture Kaisa
Mole Concept Iga??
4th March-Monday:
Chemical Bonding
5th March-Tuesday:
Thermodynamics
6th March-Wednesday:
Chemical Equilibrium
7th March-Thursday:
Ionic Equilibrium
8th March-Friday:
Redox Reactions
9th March-Saturday:
P-Block (Class 11th)
11th March-Monday:
IUPAC
12th March-Tuesday:
Isomerism
13th March-Wednesday:
GOC
CHEMISTRY SCHEDULE -NITESH DEVNANI
14th March-Thursday:
Hydrocarbons
15th March-Friday:
Solutions
16th March-Saturday:
Chemical Kinetics
18th March-Monday:
Electrochemistry
19th March-Tuesday:
D&F-Block
20th March-Wednesday:
P-Block (Class 12th)
21st March-Thursday:
Coordination Compounds
22nd March-Friday:
Haloalkanes & Haloarenes
23rd March-Saturday:
Alcohols & Phenols
24th March-Monday:
Ethers
26th March-Tuesday:
Aldehydes & Ketones
27th March-Wednesday:
Carboxylic Acids
28th March-Wednesday:
Amines
ONE DAY ONE CHAPTER
*
ONE STOP
·I
·* RANK BOOSTING DOD ->
-
SOLUTION
-
MAGIC DPPs
-
*
·
AIR
· STATEMENT BASED
·
MATCH THE
COLUMN
SHORT
**
NOTES
REVISION
-
-
160t
6: OOPM
6-9PM CHEM
IOPM BIO
1.6x109C
Proton
1.672x182g A + A
↓
Neutron
1.674xog I ZERO 0
⑤)⑧!..
-> high volume
so that
Ins screen
GAS ·
X(g) xg) + e
moving
starts
"vott
10 towards ANODE
L
fastmoving
CATHODE RAYS
-
e-
straight
*
-
o
Produce
*
X-rays
when with
strike
heavy metals
like W, No ito.
Specific charge
* or
charge/mass
0=
CATHODE
Cg
RAYS 1 =
1076 x 18
e 16x16'C
=
M 9.1x18"31 ↑
m
9.1x10-3kg
=
independent
of gas
RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
Goldstein
⑦ Discovery of Proton
XYg)+
Ins
e
x(g) >
-
&
GAS
L CR
no" volt ↓
ANODE RAUS moving
Fast
change
- the
OR
CANAL RAYS
-
species
-
Arely
*
charged won
line
Straight
*
Specific charge
* or
charge/mass is not same
Defends on
gas. An
H(g) >
-
n+g) +e- #
My
AR
M(g) ->
wig) +
e-
RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
*
If gas hydrogen,
* is then
H(g) -> + e
Oe-
↑e PROTON
IP
I ON AR
-
NEUTRON
mutial
-
-
species
Joule
ev
ergs
nev 1.6x109] 13 10
egs
= =
units distance
of
*
⑧
um A Pr
1nm = 109 m
DA 10m
=
IPM = m
10
A A- mass Number
X No. Protont
of
No.
of
Neutron
Z Nucleous
- AtomicNumber
Proton
No.
of
" A-2
No.
of nation=
number
Diff mass D a 1
ISOBARS:
** Same mass number 40 40
Ar
-
Ca
atomic number
Diff 18 20
2SO
CO N2 CNT Si
ELECTRONIC
6 87x2
+
6 +7 1
+
isotopicsame
-
ISODIAPHERS :-
*
Same number
234-2(90)
- 92 90
5y
=
in
N/2 CO
sas an
RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
WATERMELON MODEL
JJ THOMSON MODEL
OR
PLUM PUDDING MODEL
and mass
charge
- ve
->
Particle
Rutherford
not explain
a
could
*
re
RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
*
& RUTHERFORD X-PARTICLE
SCATTERING EXPERIMENT
⑧
Pb slit ⑧
⑧
* 7 ⑧
Source Particle ⑧
⑧
4 It
GOLD ROTL
He ⑧
Ins screw
spot
↑
Fol
Bright
RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
MAIN POINTS
Y +
Her 9
<Particle 2
ek
- cente + re
S 3 ⑦e cage sphere
- NUCLEUS
- Proton + Neutron
-
180°
by
~ Ratom= 10 m 2) RNucleus =
(RO) A13
Mass Number
Y I
-
-
RNucleus = "5m
10
1.4x10-15 m
internal
distribution
electron
could not
explain of
*
Statuting an
e
-run
i t
WAVE
NATURE PARTICLE
NATURE
Planck's Quantum
Reflection- Theory
*
* -
Photo electric
Refraction effect
* * -
-
Inlufuence
-
*
CHEMISTRY
&
Deffraction
- -
-
*
PHYSICS
↑
-
-
Dis-conlinious
Continuous
-
--
WAVELENGTH
crest crest
-
-6 -
- -
Trough
y X Travel
*
with
speed of light
- c 3x100m/sec
=
-I
E
--
*
Travel in vacuum as well.
C fxd-warlength
=
Y
- N
I PROPOGATION
constant
->
B
OF WAVE frequency
2
1
jx
in
Radio
[ble Infrared
cosmic Micro
rays (X-Rays Pays Waves
Rays
Waves
2000 - I
6000
VIB G Y0R
d4
It
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PARTICLE NATURE
A QUANTUM
PLANCK'S
S frequencies
↑
BLACK BODY
RADIATION
body
Ideal
E
-
I
-
I PHOTON
BB small
packet or bundle
of eugy
RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
Energy of
Photon
frequency
*
Ep x
y
h Planck's constant
Ep
hy
=
=
6.626x10-34
=
c
fxd
=
Ep
h
C
y
=
=
=310x109m
3x108
E =
as x ele
↑ 2400 ev Ep 1 =
ev
Ep =
--
Ep d ev
=
Joule
310
Ep = 4x1.6x10" E Ep = yev
imitted bull
calculate number
of photons ②
by
a
of
watthaving efficiency
of
100 70% in two second and
d 2000
=
A?
sal" 100 watt=>100 one
Joule in
second
-
-
08 E in 2 sl=100X2
Ep - ev
200]
=
200
=6.2 eV
=140]
of
80 70% 2007 - 70
X200
6.2x1.6x15;
=>
Ep
=
100
Answer
->
-
metal
-
Bi
An
- = -=
it
-
energy falls
sutable on
when
photon of - -
S
*
. d> Ep
⑦- No
photo effect
electric
↓ ·
O Ep
e-
Photoelectin
effect H
RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
WORK
*
FUNCTION(d)
enugy reg. for photo
electric
Minimum
effect *
TIRESHOLD FREQUENCY(fu) 0 h0
=
Minemen
freq reg. for photo electric
effect d=
THRESHOLD
*
WAVELENGTH (d0) do
for
electric
Maximum d reg. photo effect
PHOTON
↓
⑦ e
Ep-A
-
e - KE KE
=
Based conservation
kE
on
Ep I
of energy;
= +
by hyo+KE
=
b h+ = kE
*
0 1240
=
d(inn)
-
3. 75eV
3.75 x 1.6x18193
6x10-9]
=
Photons
fallingyou
No. second
of
De
<-
Photon A = 3ev 0=Ger YE = lev
loophotonB 5ev
= 0 2eV
=
VE 3ep
=
S,ove-
RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
KE
of jected does not
defend INTENSITY
*
on
FREDUENCY
of ejected depends
KE
* on
of ejected
PHOTOCURRENT OR No. INTENSIT
defends
* on
PHOTOCURRENT OR No.
*
of ejected
defends
on FREQUENCY
KE
KE
Intensely
-
go fequency
PHOTO
CURREN
INTENSITY
RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
#
A BOHR MODEL
MAIN POSTULATES D
M shell
thell
Infiniteshells ** shel
*
n1
=
n2=
=
Momentum
Angular
*
n 1,2,3,4,....
=
MVr= h
2N
31d ES => 1 3+ 1
=
EXCITED STATE
*
Y
=
↑
shell
* other than GS
n 2,3,4....
=
FM ES => n 7+
=
1
8
-
increases
Energy
NOTWA we move
away
as
IMP nucleus
from
Er <Ea <EzC.... Ea
Dr ->
M2
-
melling gy
-
* On
releasing energy
HIGHER -> LOWER
ORBIT ORBIT
na- Ry
single
electron
species. A
H, Het, hit, Bets
2 D 2 34
Radius
*
Rn = 0.529 A
Enegy
*
I
En = =
2118x1082 I
Velocity
*
n
in =2018x10" me
En=-15.ev
I
-
ve
sign
shows there is
force of
atte" bw nucleus $e
Rn 0.529
=
A
↑
Rn 52.92 Pm
=
Zu
*
(R3)n +2
52.9
=
x 34 Pm
-
B
52.9x3
=
Hydrogen alon
-
2
Ex
=
=
13.6 X1 =
-
13.6eV
21
=
12
E -
=
13.6 ev E2 = -
13.6 x12
-
=
=
3.4eV
E
2
n2 2
increase
Ez 13.6 x 21051eV
=
=-
Ez-E, = 10.2 eV
32
Ez 1.9eV
Ez 13.6 x 0.85eV
=
-
Ey
=
= =
=
En-Ez 0.652V
=
u
RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
blw
difference
shells
Energy consecutive
- -
# blw 2
*
Enugy difference
consecutive shell decreases
away from
as we move
nullus
-
E
== 13.6 = ev
2
n
Eg 0
=
TE =
=
13.6 ev
12
KE: PE: TE
18 -
2: =
B
=
PE and invited
state
of of
Calculate
TE, KE and
atom
hydrogen
21=
TE=
-
13.6 &
KE= + 1051 eV
2
G(TE)
TE
ext 1.51eV PE
-> =
=
2( 1.51)
=
-
DE = -
3.02eV
Atomic
sputum
*
Emission ~UNIMD
spectrum
*
-
-
Ha R
Seres ne 12
Region
A 2,3,4,... WV
Lyman
Balmer 2 3,4,5,6,...* Visible
Paschen 3 4,5,6,7, --
Infraud
Bracket
~I
4 5,6,7, --
Pfund 6,7,8.-.
1 I
7,8,9,...&
Humphery
'I
6
Yutnignot
*
22)
=
Rydbug's constant
1.1 X10* m-
SERIES R=1
LYMAN
**
-
last
time
humbly
or
I ..... (IElmin/dman2
&E) maz/dmin I
RA
=
234 N
↑
1st 2
Line
Lyman
2nd 3
dyman
&
tire
8* Line 9
hyman > 1
-
...
Limiting
↑
line
I
(E) min dmax 3 2
RA
=
(E) max dmin o 2
2340
4th Balmer
time 6
12
1 2) -I
Rn
=
d
an
=
I R(- s)
=
-=R4()( (2):B() -
Find transactions
of
8-
*
3
i) AE)man Paschen Series &
Balmer series 2
ii) 5M Line
①Emin
of I
i Imax
·
Bracket series 5 4
of
iv) om
of Pfand
him series
13 5
Da R 4x5 =10
L
-
2
How quit
obit
higher
line=(na-ni) (nc-n+1)
Total
spectral
2
orbit
as
higher
suis- nc 1
Lyman
=
Blacket si nc -
4
8-4-4 =
Brocket Atries 12-4 =
Total=*7
Paschen (2-3
Series 8-3
=
=
5
Balmer series
12-2 = 8 -2 8
=
DE-BROGLE WAVELENGTH
-> PARTICLE
d h
d
b
d
m amkE
=
=
da1
=
= -
--
I
=
mV
MASS max. 1 x 1
④He m
* 2
Jeup, it
According
to
impossible
is to detumune
e-around nucleus
exact
position
and momentum
of
↑
-
with
simullaneously accuracy. 1x-
AR X APD uncertainty position
in
-
momentum
42 IP-s i
-
1
IP I (mv)
=
AUxMAVY
n If m JP=MIV
is constant
Axx IP = h
-
4Z
IP = ~
Max Ax
1x - 0 => AP - x
1x 0
10 0 -
=
Applicable
*
on
single
-
electron species.
and HUP.
De-Broglie
*
hypothesis lives in
could
*
not
explain splitting of spectral
presence of magnetic field and electric
STARK
field
IEEMAN
EFFECT
EFFECT
Developed by schroding
*
Assumed it
* as wave
Y
function
wave
->
e-
-
tells
which us about
Set Numbers
of
4
orientation
and
spin of
subshell, e
shell,
1) Principal ON
7 from Schrodinge
Derived
ii) Azimuthal
-
ON n
wave
Eq
RN
iii) Magnetic
iv) Spin ON - Not duired
-
from n
Schrodinger ey
RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
PRINCIPAL DN
Represented by
* n
Tells
* us about shell number.
energy
election.
of Un 2.18 x
=
108 2 min
X
I
Rn 0.5292
=
A
z En =-13.6 ev
n2
2
2n
given by
Man no.
of e-
n 1
=
** shell 2(1)2 2 =
=
n2 =
* shell 2(2) 8
=
n3
=
M shell 2(3) 18
mv= sh
* ORBIT ANGULAR MOMENTUM
-
22
Quantum Number.
Subsdiay
Tells
* us about SUBSHELL
SHAPES
-
l 0 1-subshell SPHERICAL
=
l1=
P-subshell DUMB BELL
l 2 d-subshell
=
DOUBLEDUMB BELL
l3
y-subshell COMPLEX
=
0 to n-1
values
from ORBITAL ANGULAR
*
values e
of
n 1
=
l0=
- I 1S MOMENTUM
Jece+1)
-
l0= - 1 28
n2 =
&1=
+ P 20
38
27
n3 10 1
see
=
+
=
=
1 + P3P
=
2+ d 3d t
direction
-
Represented by
*
m
↑ -
2
is n
Number
*
-
- of orbitals
-
in shell
-
- given by
n 1
=
>
=
ORBITALSR 1=
n2 = ORBALALS22 4
=
=
n3 =
ORBILAS 32=
=
&
including
IERO.
-1 to +l
values from
ranging
values
of
m
10 1 subshell M0 =
=
P-subshell M 1,0,+1
= =
=1
l 2 D-subshell
=
M = =
2,-1,0, +1, +2
Represented by
* s eq
Schrodinger
can have two values ASSUMPTION
*
only
I 3 1
I
+
= =
=
2
CLOCKWISE ANTI CLOCKWISE
OR OR
of opposite spin.
↑
*
, lower is
Lower the
* value
of energy.
11421 2P 231 3P 3d
= =
=
of mugy.
not is same, then lower the value ,
If of
*
lower
eugy.
is
3 4 =u 5
=
= 1 2
=
3
=
=
=
AUFBAU
9) RULE
Electrons
are
filled in
increasing
order
of enugy.
18 [21<20313P<41<3d
numbers.
four quantum
HOND'S RULE
3) MAXIMUM
OF MULTIPLICITY
Pairingof I is
done only when each
-
-
abbitt
one
-
contains same
- = of spen
--
*141 -
He is
2)
2e-
N(]2s22p3
7)
x x x -
Fe
3) he is "as"
8) 0 GTs2P4 * M*
3e-Mejors" Ot
4) Be 1282
new (He]22 9) F MeT2s2yp5
92
2020"
5) B as
10) Ne [as2p*
5e[he] 2s2p*
102
*)
a Cr[Anus" 3d5 W
(Ayus" 308
zue ↑ ***I I4 28) Ni
HALF FILLED
- 202
STABLE
FULLY
292- ** Idd/***d FILLED
-
-
so) in Altus"3d
302-
distribution
) Symmetric 1O EXCHANGES
do - -
2) Exchange enugy
-
**** *
a
③
Fetz Fet3
Fe AAr] 3d" us
PARA
--
= =
Magnetica
moment
n urfaud-
=
Region of space
*
where
probabilityof
eis ZERO.
finding
an
e
↑=> Probabilityof finding
42 0 =
NODE
-
Nodes=I
Angular
Total Nodes n-1 =
Nodal Plane=1
I s-orbital
SHAPE:-spherical
1I 28
g ⑦
n-l-1
RN= RN n-l-1
=
= 1-0-1 =2-0-1
O
=
A
=
AN 1
=
0
=
AN 1 0
=
=
11
y ing Pa
Pu
pygg C
↑
Clic Z
NP 1
=
5 ORBITAL
111 I -
-
NO 2 =
NP 2 NP=G
aT
=
xZ
xy 2N
xy yz
day zy dyz sez dzx
y
x
.im bi - ·x
Axe NP 2
=
*
x
Z
*
diy NP 0=
i
dz2 ·
of Ring inthe
-
>x
ngden
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