Atomic Structure RAFTAAR

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ATOMIC GOues

=> NEET

STRUCTURE

RAFTAAR
DAY 2
RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
CHEMISTRY SCHEDULE -NITESH DEVNANI

478-7PM
29th February-Thursday: #DAYI COMPLETED
Lecture Kaisa
Mole Concept Iga??

LIVEHED e 1st March-Friday:


Atomic Structure
#DAY2COMPLETED
Vaisa
tective
Iga??
2nd March-Saturday:
Periodic Table

4th March-Monday:
Chemical Bonding

5th March-Tuesday:
Thermodynamics

6th March-Wednesday:
Chemical Equilibrium

7th March-Thursday:
Ionic Equilibrium

8th March-Friday:
Redox Reactions

9th March-Saturday:
P-Block (Class 11th)

11th March-Monday:
IUPAC

12th March-Tuesday:
Isomerism

13th March-Wednesday:
GOC
CHEMISTRY SCHEDULE -NITESH DEVNANI

14th March-Thursday:
Hydrocarbons

15th March-Friday:
Solutions

16th March-Saturday:
Chemical Kinetics

18th March-Monday:
Electrochemistry

19th March-Tuesday:
D&F-Block

20th March-Wednesday:
P-Block (Class 12th)

21st March-Thursday:
Coordination Compounds

22nd March-Friday:
Haloalkanes & Haloarenes

23rd March-Saturday:
Alcohols & Phenols

24th March-Monday:
Ethers

26th March-Tuesday:
Aldehydes & Ketones

27th March-Wednesday:
Carboxylic Acids

28th March-Wednesday:
Amines
ONE DAY ONE CHAPTER
*

ONE STOP

·I
·* RANK BOOSTING DOD ->
-

SOLUTION
-

MAGIC DPPs
-
*

·
AIR
· STATEMENT BASED
·

MATCH THE
COLUMN

SHORT
**

NOTES

REVISION
-
-

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ATOMIC STRUCTURE MAGIC DPP
MON - RAFTAAR ONE STOP

160t
6: OOPM

6-9PM CHEM

IOPM BIO

TOM. PERIODIC TABLE


A
9 PM

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RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
Particles Relative
Mass Relative
Mass
charge
charge
X109 C
Election 9.1x183kg O -
106 ->
A

1.6x109C
Proton
1.672x182g A + A

Neutron
1.674xog I ZERO 0

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Thomson
Discovery
35
⑦ of
Election

⑤)⑧!..
-> high volume
so that

Ins screen

GAS ·
X(g) xg) + e

moving
starts

"vott
10 towards ANODE
L

fastmoving
CATHODE RAYS
-

e-

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-
*
vely charged H(g) ->
Hig) +e- CR
-
-

straight
*
-
o

line MG) ->


Ntg)+e-
AP(g) -> Apt
4) + e -
Posses and
mass
energy
*

Produce
*
X-rays
when with
strike
heavy metals
like W, No ito.

Specific charge
* or
charge/mass
0=
CATHODE
Cg
RAYS 1 =

1076 x 18
e 16x16'C
=

M 9.1x18"31 ↑

m
9.1x10-3kg
=

independent
of gas
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Goldstein
⑦ Discovery of Proton

XYg)+
Ins
e
x(g) >
-

&
GAS
L CR

moles Towards Cathode

no" volt ↓
ANODE RAUS moving
Fast

change
- the
OR
CANAL RAYS
-
species
-

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fast moving
Anode is cation
ray
*

Arely
*

charged won

line
Straight
*

Specific charge
* or
charge/mass is not same

Defends on
gas. An

H(g) >
-
n+g) +e- #

My
AR

M(g) ->
wig) +

e-
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*

If gas hydrogen,
* is then

Anode are called PROTONS


lays
ritg)
-

H(g) -> + e
Oe-
↑e PROTON
IP
I ON AR
-

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Discovery Mution CHADWICK
A of
9 12 I
4
Be I He C I
n
2 6 0

NEUTRON

mutial
-
-
species

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units
of mugy
*

Joule
ev
ergs
nev 1.6x109] 13 10
egs
= =

units distance
of
*

um A Pr

1nm = 109 m
DA 10m
=

IPM = m
10

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ELEMENT
A REPRESENTATION OF

A A- mass Number
X No. Protont
of
No.
of
Neutron

Z Nucleous

- AtomicNumber
Proton
No.
of
" A-2
No.
of nation=

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ISOTOPES:
**
Same atomic
number
Han 34
-

number
Diff mass D a 1

ISOBARS:
** Same mass number 40 40
Ar
-

Ca
atomic number
Diff 18 20

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ISOTONES:-same number
** neutrons
39 40
of A -
z
20N k Ca 20N
19 20

Same number elections


ISO-ELECTRONIC:
of
* -

2SO
CO N2 CNT Si
ELECTRONIC
6 87x2
+
6 +7 1
+

-me =14 =14e Me-

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-> A 22

isotopicsame
-

ISODIAPHERS :-
*
Same number

238 234 nution excess


238 2(92) Th
U
-

234-2(90)
- 92 90
5y
=

ISOSTERES:- Same number


of atoms
*

Same number elections


of
2 CONDITIONS
-
-

in
N/2 CO

sas an
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WATERMELON MODEL
JJ THOMSON MODEL
OR
PLUM PUDDING MODEL
and mass
charge
- ve

->

neis embedded b/w


in

Particle
Rutherford
not explain
a

could
*

re
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*
& RUTHERFORD X-PARTICLE
SCATTERING EXPERIMENT

Pb slit ⑧


* 7 ⑧

Source Particle ⑧


4 It
GOLD ROTL
He ⑧

Ins screw

spot

Fol
Bright
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MAIN POINTS
Y +
Her 9
<Particle 2

ek
- cente + re

S 3 ⑦e cage sphere
- NUCLEUS

- Proton + Neutron
-

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X-Particles
went
Most
*
of straight
Few
*
x-particles
were
deflected by small
angles
fw x-particles (1 20,000) were
defected
vy
* in

180°
by

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RUTHERFORD'SRESULT

~ Ratom= 10 m 2) RNucleus =
(RO) A13
Mass Number
Y I
-
-

RNucleus = "5m
10
1.4x10-15 m

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LIMITATIONS --

internal
distribution
electron
could not
explain of
*

Statuting an
e

-run
i t

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DUAL LIGHT
A NATURE
OF

WAVE
NATURE PARTICLE
NATURE

Planck's Quantum
Reflection- Theory
*
* -

Photo electric
Refraction effect
* * -

-
Inlufuence
-

*
CHEMISTRY
&

Deffraction
- -
-
*

PHYSICS

-
-
Dis-conlinious
Continuous
-

--

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CONTINUOUS
A WAVE
NATURE
OFLIGHT

WAVELENGTH
crest crest
-

-6 -
- -

Trough

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A ELECTROMAGNETIL RADIATION

y X Travel
*
with
speed of light
- c 3x100m/sec
=

-I
E
--
*
Travel in vacuum as well.

C fxd-warlength
=

Y
- N
I PROPOGATION
constant
->
B
OF WAVE frequency
2
1
jx

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#
SPECTRUM YAAD
* ELECTROMAGNETIC
--
-

in

Radio

[ble Infrared
cosmic Micro
rays (X-Rays Pays Waves
Rays
Waves

2000 - I
6000
VIB G Y0R

d4

It
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PARTICLE NATURE
A QUANTUM
PLANCK'S

unity (absorbs radiation


Black
Body of
* all

S frequencies

BLACK BODY
RADIATION

body
Ideal

E
-

I
-

I PHOTON

BB small
packet or bundle

of eugy
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Energy of
Photon
frequency
*

Ep x
y
h Planck's constant
Ep
hy
=
=

6.626x10-34
=

c
fxd
=

Ep
h
C
y
=
=

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QUESTION
d=310nme
calculate
mugy of photon having
↓ =310nm

=310x109m
3x108
E =

as x ele

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ND TRICK

↑ 2400 ev Ep 1 =
ev
Ep =
--

g(ini) din nm)

Ep d ev
=

Joule
310
Ep = 4x1.6x10" E Ep = yev

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7 CRORE
QUESTION

imitted bull
calculate number
of photons ②
by
a
of
watthaving efficiency
of
100 70% in two second and

d 2000
=
A?
sal" 100 watt=>100 one
Joule in
second
-
-

08 E in 2 sl=100X2
Ep - ev
200]
=

200

=6.2 eV
=140]
of
80 70% 2007 - 70
X200
6.2x1.6x15;
=>

Ep
=

100

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6.2 X 1.6 x 10"9 Xt - 140

Answer
->
-

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PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT
*
PHOTONS (ENERGY)

metal
-
Bi
An

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metal
Emission
electron
of from
a
surface
*

- = -=

it
-

energy falls
sutable on
when
photon of - -

PHOTON I = WORK FUNCTION

S
*
. d> Ep

⑦- No
photo effect
electric

↓ ·
O Ep
e-
Photoelectin
effect H
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WORK
*

FUNCTION(d)
enugy reg. for photo
electric
Minimum
effect *

TIRESHOLD FREQUENCY(fu) 0 h0
=

Minemen
freq reg. for photo electric
effect d=
THRESHOLD
*
WAVELENGTH (d0) do

for
electric
Maximum d reg. photo effect

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KINETIC
*

ENERGY OF EJECTED ELECTRON

PHOTON

⑦ e

Ep-A
-

e - KE KE
=

Based conservation
kE
on

Ep I
of energy;
= +

by hyo+KE
=

b h+ = kE

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QUESTION

*
0 1240
=

d(inn)

-
3. 75eV

3.75 x 1.6x18193
6x10-9]
=

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INTENSITY

Photons
fallingyou
No. second
of
De
<-
Photon A = 3ev 0=Ger YE = lev

loophotonB 5ev
= 0 2eV
=
VE 3ep
=

S,ove-
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KE
of jected does not
defend INTENSITY
*

on

FREDUENCY
of ejected depends
KE
* on

of ejected
PHOTOCURRENT OR No. INTENSIT
defends
* on

PHOTOCURRENT OR No.
*

of ejected
defends
on FREQUENCY

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GRAPHS

KE
KE

Intensely
-

go fequency
PHOTO
CURREN

INTENSITY
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#
A BOHR MODEL

MAIN POSTULATES D

M shell

thell

Infiniteshells ** shel
*

n1
=

n2=

=
Momentum
Angular
*

n 1,2,3,4,....
=

MVr= h
2N

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GROUND
* STATE n 1 =

31d ES => 1 3+ 1
=

EXCITED STATE
*

Y
=

shell
* other than GS
n 2,3,4....
=
FM ES => n 7+
=
1

8
-

increases
Energy
NOTWA we move
away
as

IMP nucleus
from
Er <Ea <EzC.... Ea

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* On
absobing mugy n,-tower arbit
LOWER n2- aibit
Higher
- HIGHER
ORBIT ORBIT

Dr ->
M2
-

melling gy
-
* On
releasing energy
HIGHER -> LOWER
ORBIT ORBIT

na- Ry

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-> Limitation
NOTWA -

Bohr Model is applicable only on

single
electron
species. A
H, Het, hit, Bets
2 D 2 34

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n -> shell number
BOHR FORMULA's - Atomic
number

Radius
*

Rn = 0.529 A
Enegy
*

I
En = =
2118x1082 I

Velocity
*
n

in =2018x10" me
En=-15.ev
I
-
ve
sign
shows there is
force of
atte" bw nucleus $e

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QUESTION ⑧

Rn 0.529
=
A

Rn 52.92 Pm
=

Zu
*

(R3)n +2
52.9
=

x 34 Pm
-

B
52.9x3
=

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QUESTION
Bohr orbit
mugy of first
four of
Calculate

Hydrogen alon
-

2
Ex
=
=
13.6 X1 =
-
13.6eV
21
=
12
E -
=

13.6 ev E2 = -
13.6 x12
-
=
=
3.4eV
E
2
n2 2
increase
Ez 13.6 x 21051eV
=

=-

Ez-E, = 10.2 eV
32
Ez 1.9eV
Ez 13.6 x 0.85eV
=
-

Ey
=
= =
=

En-Ez 0.652V
=
u
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blw
difference
shells
Energy consecutive
- -

# blw 2
*
Enugy difference
consecutive shell decreases

away from
as we move

nullus
-

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shell
Enegy of Infinite
n0 =

E
== 13.6 = ev
2
n

Eg 0
=

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Ratioof KE, PE and TE TE=KET PE

TE =
=
13.6 ev
12

KE: PE: TE

18 -
2: =

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QUESTION n2
=
1
+

B
=

PE and invited
state
of of
Calculate
TE, KE and

atom
hydrogen
21=

TE=
-

13.6 &

KE= + 1051 eV
2
G(TE)
TE
ext 1.51eV PE
-> =
=

2( 1.51)
=
-

DE = -
3.02eV

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HYDROGEN SPECTRUM #
A
Line
*
spectuem* *
Dis-continuous
*

Atomic
sputum
*

Emission ~UNIMD
spectrum
*

-
-

Ha R

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LOWER HIGHER

Seres ne 12
Region
A 2,3,4,... WV
Lyman
Balmer 2 3,4,5,6,...* Visible

Paschen 3 4,5,6,7, --
Infraud
Bracket
~I

4 5,6,7, --

Pfund 6,7,8.-.
1 I

7,8,9,...&
Humphery
'I
6

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FORMULA n,-town obit

Yutnignot
*
22)
=

Rydbug's constant

1.1 X10* m-

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h
E=

SERIES R=1
LYMAN
**
-

last
time
humbly
or

I ..... (IElmin/dman2
&E) maz/dmin I

RA
=

234 N

1st 2
Line
Lyman
2nd 3
dyman
&

tire

8* Line 9
hyman > 1
-

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1st Balmer
time 3 - > 2

n=2 and Line Balme 4-> 2


BALMER SERIES
*
6dine Balmer 8 - > 2
him
Last

...
Limiting

line
I
(E) min dmax 3 2

RA
=
(E) max dmin o 2
2340

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QUESTION

Find emission line in


atomic
spectrum
of
in Balmer series?
hydrogen
: But, a
21=

4th Balmer
time 6
12

1 2) -I
Rn
=

d
an
=

I R(- s)
=

-=R4()( (2):B() -

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QUESTION

Find transactions
of
8-

*
3
i) AE)man Paschen Series &

Balmer series 2
ii) 5M Line
①Emin
of I

i Imax
·

Bracket series 5 4
of
iv) om
of Pfand
him series
13 5

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* 12 n,
NUMBER SPECTRAL
OF LINES
6 2
->

Da R 4x5 =10
L
-

2
How quit
obit
higher
line=(na-ni) (nc-n+1)
Total
spectral
2

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NUMBER SPECTRAL
OF LINES IN PARLICULAR SERIES
> - -

orbit
as
higher
suis- nc 1
Lyman
=

Balmer seins= 12-2

Paschen shins= nz- 3

Blacket si nc -
4

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QUESTION
~ne
Find in
An
e-jumps from I-2; spectral line

8-4-4 =
Brocket Atries 12-4 =
Total=*7
Paschen (2-3
Series 8-3
=
=
5
Balmer series
12-2 = 8 -2 8
=

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MATTER8 *
* DUAL NATURE OF -

DE-BROGLE WAVELENGTH

WAVE -> Matt


waves
-->
MATTER

-> PARTICLE
d h
d
b
d
m amkE
=
=

da1
=
= -

--

I
=

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QUESTION
d 1 =

mV

MASS max. 1 x 1
④He m
* 2

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HEISENBURG'S UNCERTAINITY PRINCIPLE

Jeup, it
According
to
impossible
is to detumune

e-around nucleus
exact
position
and momentum
of

-
with
simullaneously accuracy. 1x-
AR X APD uncertainty position
in
-

momentum
42 IP-s i
-
1

IP I (mv)
=

AUxMAVY
n If m JP=MIV
is constant

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QUESTION 1x - 0

Axx IP = h
-

4Z

IP = ~

Max Ax

1x - 0 => AP - x

1x 0
10 0 -
=

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* LIMITATIONS BOUR MODEL
OF

Applicable
*
on
single
-
electron species.
and HUP.
De-Broglie
*
hypothesis lives in
could
*
not
explain splitting of spectral
presence of magnetic field and electric
STARK
field
IEEMAN
EFFECT
EFFECT

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#
A WAVE MECHANICAL MODEL

Developed by schroding
*

Assumed it
* as wave
Y
function
wave
->

e-
-

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QUANTUM NUMBER

tells
which us about
Set Numbers
of
4

orientation
and
spin of
subshell, e
shell,

1) Principal ON
7 from Schrodinge
Derived

ii) Azimuthal
-

ON n
wave
Eq
RN
iii) Magnetic
iv) Spin ON - Not duired
-
from n

Schrodinger ey
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PRINCIPAL DN

Represented by
* n

Tells
* us about shell number.

Gives idea about radius,


velocity
and
*

energy
election.
of Un 2.18 x
=
108 2 min
X
I
Rn 0.5292
=
A

z En =-13.6 ev
n2

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electrons in shell is
Max number
of
*

2
2n
given by
Man no.
of e-

n 1
=
** shell 2(1)2 2 =

=
n2 =
* shell 2(2) 8
=
n3
=
M shell 2(3) 18
mv= sh
* ORBIT ANGULAR MOMENTUM
-

22

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ON
* AZIMUTUAL

1 and also known as


Represented by
*

Quantum Number.
Subsdiay
Tells
* us about SUBSHELL

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values l
of
*

SHAPES
-

l 0 1-subshell SPHERICAL
=

l1=
P-subshell DUMB BELL

l 2 d-subshell
=
DOUBLEDUMB BELL

l3
y-subshell COMPLEX
=

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For value "n", I can have
a
given of
*

0 to n-1
values
from ORBITAL ANGULAR
*

values e
of
n 1
=

l0=
- I 1S MOMENTUM

Jece+1)
-

l0= - 1 28
n2 =

&1=
+ P 20
38
27
n3 10 1

see
=
+
=

=
1 + P3P
=
2+ d 3d t

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* MAGNETIC OM -
-

direction
-

Represented by
*
m
↑ -

about number and orientation orbitals.


Tells us
of
*

2
is n
Number
*
-
- of orbitals
-
in shell
-
- given by
n 1
=
>
=
ORBITALSR 1=

n2 = ORBALALS22 4
=
=

n3 =

ORBILAS 32=
=

RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247


'i' value 'r' and
values
*
of defends of
on

&

value 1, n'cen have


you given of
a

including
IERO.
-1 to +l
values from
ranging
values
of
m

10 1 subshell M0 =
=

P-subshell M 1,0,+1
= =

=1

l 2 D-subshell
=

M = =

2,-1,0, +1, +2

RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247


* SPINDN- Not derived
from
-
M

Represented by
* s eq
Schrodinger
can have two values ASSUMPTION
*

only
I 3 1
I
+
= =
=

2
CLOCKWISE ANTI CLOCKWISE

OR OR

ANTI CLOCKWISE CLOCKWISE

RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247


An
* orbital can accommodate max 2 electrons

of opposite spin.


*

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ELECTRON
* ENERGY OF

net with buts


CASEI? -Single especies H

Enegy depends only


*
on n

, lower is
Lower the
* value
of energy.
11421 2P 231 3P 3d
= =
=

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CAS % -
Multi electron
species
n+ l
Enegy defunds
* on

Lower the value not, lower is


*

of mugy.
not is same, then lower the value ,
If of
*

lower
eugy.
is

IS 228 22P < 31<3P<4s[3d


n+ l 1 +0 2+ 0 2+ 1 3 t0 3H 4t0 3+2

3 4 =u 5
=

= 1 2
=
3
=
=
=

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*
CONFIGURALLON
* ELECTRONIC

AUFBAU
9) RULE

Electrons
are
filled in
increasing
order

of enugy.
18 [21<20313P<41<3d

RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247


PAULI's EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE
2)
same value
No two electrons can have
of all

numbers.
four quantum
HOND'S RULE
3) MAXIMUM
OF MULTIPLICITY

Pairingof I is
done only when each
-
-
abbitt

one
-

contains same
- = of spen
--

RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247


a) H I84 ↑
6) C[e]es2p24 X HUND'S RULEVIOLATE

HUND'S RULE VIOLATE


De be ↓ X

*141 -

He is
2)
2e-
N(]2s22p3
7)
x x x -
Fe

3) he is "as"
8) 0 GTs2P4 * M*

3e-Mejors" Ot

4) Be 1282
new (He]22 9) F MeT2s2yp5
92
2020"
5) B as

10) Ne [as2p*
5e[he] 2s2p*
102

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ni Na [e] 39" 10) 5 [e] 3s3pY
le

[e]3s" 17) ce [Ne] 3s 305


12) Mg
18] Ar Me]3s316
13) Al [e]3s"30'

in) Si [NeJ3s 302 19) x ErT us"


192-

Me/31303 20) (r] us


15) P can
20e

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2) So Grus5d" 25) Mn [A] us" 3d5
zie- ↑11 I 252

22) Ti AArT Ys 3d2 20) Fe [A] us" 3d6


22e
26e

23) V [A] us" 3d3


23-
27) co [Alus23d7
27

*)
a Cr[Anus" 3d5 W
(Ayus" 308
zue ↑ ***I I4 28) Ni
HALF FILLED
- 202
STABLE

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9) cu [Ar] us 3d'O STABLE
-

FULLY
292- ** Idd/***d FILLED
-
-

so) in Altus"3d
302-

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RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
REASON
* FOR HALFFILLED AND

FULLY FILLED STABILITY

distribution
) Symmetric 1O EXCHANGES
do - -

2) Exchange enugy
-

**** *

a

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e
Diamagnetic
so
unfaird
Paramagnetin's
attest I
unfaird e

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A ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION IONS
OF

Fetz Fet3

Fe AAr] 3d" us

Fet AAr] 3d" uso Fet [ArT3d uso


* II*1*1*
*** 1 12 1
PARA n5
n4
=

PARA
--
= =

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M =
Jan+2) BM-Bob
Magriton
↓ L S

Magnetica
moment
n urfaud-
=

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* NODES

Region of space
*
where
probabilityof
eis ZERO.
finding
an

e
↑=> Probabilityof finding
42 0 =

NODE
-

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Radial Nodes = D-l-1

Nodes=I
Angular
Total Nodes n-1 =

Nodal Plane=1

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A SHAPES OF ORBITALS

I s-orbital

SHAPE:-spherical
1I 28
g ⑦
n-l-1
RN= RN n-l-1
=

= 1-0-1 =2-0-1

O
=
A
=

AN 1
=

0
=
AN 1 0
=
=

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P-orbital =1
2) Nodal Plane = 1 1
=

SHADE: -Dumb well


Pn
Py
Pz

11
y ing Pa
Pu

pygg C

Clic Z

NP 1
=

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3) D-oibitat NP 2
=

SHAPE:-Double Dumb bell

5 ORBITAL
111 I -
-

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NON AXLAL

NO 2 =

NP 2 NP=G
aT
=

xZ
xy 2N
xy yz
day zy dyz sez dzx
y
x

.im bi - ·x

Axe NP 2
=
*
x
Z
*
diy NP 0=

i
dz2 ·
of Ring inthe

-
>x
ngden
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