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    Ratio_and_Proportion_-_Study_Notes

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    Ratio_and_Proportion_-_Study_Notes

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    of 6

    Ratio and

    Proportion

    QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE

    Copyright © 2014-2020 TestBook Edu Solutions Pvt. Ltd.: All rights reserved
    Download Testbook App

    Ratio and Proportion

    Ratio
    a
    The ratio of two quantities a and b is the fraction and we write it as a : b.
    b
    In the ratio a : b, we call a as the first term or antecedent and b, the second term or
    5
    consequent i.e. ratio 5 : 9 represents with antecedent = 5, consequent = 9
    9

    Q. If A : B = 2 : 3 and B : C = 5 : 7 then what is the ratio A : B : C ?

    A. A : B = 2 : 3
    B:C=5:7
    Multiply by 3/5 so as to make the ratio term of B Common,
    B : C = 5 × 3/5 : 7 × 3/5
    ⇒ B : C = 3 : 21/5
    A : B : C = 2 : 3 : 21/5
    =2 × 5 : 3 × 5 : 21/5 × 5
    Hence, A : B : C = 10 : 15 : 21

    Testbook Trick
    For the questions on similar lines as the above, the
    following method comes handy for faster analysis of
    the question.

    QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE | Ratio and Proportion PAGE 2


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    Compounded Ratio
    If two or more ratios are given and the antecedent of one is multiplied with antecedent
    of others and consequents are multiplied with consequents of others, then the ratio ob-
    tained is called compound ratio.

    The compounded ratio of the ratios (a : b), (c : d), (e : f) will be (ace : bdf)

    Q. What is the equivalent compound ratio of 17 : 23 ∷ 115 : 153 ∷ 18 : 25

    A. We know, compound ratio of the ratios (a : b), (c : d), (e : f) will be (ace : bdf)
    Thus, the compound ratio of (17 : 23), (115 : 153), (18 : 25)
    = (17 × 115 × 18) / (23 × 153 × 25) = 2 : 5

    Proportion
    The equality of two ratios is called proportion.
    If a : b = c : d, we write, a : b ∷ c : d and we say that a, b, c, d are in proportion.
    Here, a and d are called extremes, while b and c are called mean terms.

    Product of means = Product of extremes


    Thus, a : b ∷ c : d ⇔ (b × c) = (a × d)

    Types of Proportion
    Third Proportion
    If a : b = b : c, then c is called the third proportion to a and b.

    Fourth Proportion
    If a : b = c : d, then d is called the fourth proportion to a, b, c.

    Mean Proportion
    Mean proportion of a and b will be ab

    QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE | Ratio and Proportion PAGE 3


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    Q. If 3 : 27 ∷ 5 : ?
    A. If 3 : 27 ∷ 5 : ?
    3/27 = 5/?
    ? = 5 × 27/3
    ? = 45

    Q. What is third proportion to 17.9 and 16.8?


    A. When c is the third proportion to a and b, relation between a and b is:
    b2 = ac
    Let third proportion to 17.9 and 16.8 be x, then,
    17.9 : 16.8 ∷ 16.8 : x
    ⇒ 17.9x = 16.82
    16.8  16.8
    x   15.76
    17.9

    ∴ Third proportion to 17.9 and 16.8 is 15.76.

    Q. Find the mean proportional between 14 & 15?


    A. As we know that, mean proportional = √(ab)
    ⇒ √(14 × 15)
    ⇒ 14.5
    So, the mean proportional of 14 and 15 = 14.5

    Q. Mean proportional of 4 and 36 is a and third proportional of 18 and a is b. Find


    the fourth proportional of b, 12, 14.
    A. Given,
    Mean proportional of 4 and 36 = a
    ⇒ a2 = 4 × 36
    ⇒ a = 12
    Third proportional of 18 and 12 = b
    ⇒ 122 = 18 × b
    ⇒b=8
    Forth proportional of 8, 12 and 14
    ⇒ 8/12 = 14/?
    ⇒ ? = 21

    QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE | Ratio and Proportion PAGE 4


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    Some Important Questions


    Q. A bag has coins of Rs. 1, 50 Paise and 25 Paise in ratio of 5 : 9 : 4. What is the
    worth of the bag if the total number of coins in the bags is 72?
    A. ⇒ Number of Rs. 1 Coins = 5/18 × 72 = 20
    ⇒ Number of 50 Paise coins = 9/18 × 72 = 36
    ⇒ Number of 25 Paise coins = 4/18 × 72 = 16
    ⇒ Total worth of the bag = (20 × 1) + (0.5 × 36) + (0.25 × 16) = 20 + 18 + 4 = Rs. 42

    Q. If 18 : 13.5 : : 16 : x and (x + y) : y : : 18 : 10, then what is the value of y?


    A. 18 : 13.5 : : 16 : x
    x = (16 × 13.5)/18
    x = 12
    Now,
    (x + y) : y : : 18 : 10
    (12 + y) : y : : 9 : 5
    5(12 + y) = 9y
    60 + 5y = 9y
    4y = 60
    y = 15

    Q. There are a certain number of Rs.10, Rs.20 and Rs.50 notes available in a box.
    The ratio of the number of notes of Rs.10, Rs.20 and Rs.50 is 3 ∶ 4 ∶ 6. The total
    amount available in a box is Rs.2460. The amount of Rs.10 and Rs.50 in a box
    is –
    A. Let the number of notes of Rs.10, Rs.20 and Rs.50 be 3a, 4a and 6a respectively.
    Given,
    ⇒ 10 × 3a + 20 × 4a + 50 × 6a = 2460
    ⇒ 410a = 2460
    ⇒a=6
    Number of notes of Rs.10 = 3 × 6 = 18

    QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE | Ratio and Proportion PAGE 5


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    Number of Notes of Rs.20 = 4 × 6 = 24


    Number of notes of Rs.50 = 6 × 6 = 36
    Required amount = 10 × 18 + 50 × 36 = Rs.1980

    Q. Mr. Raj divides Rs. 1573 such that 4 times the 1st share, thrice the 2nd share
    and twice the third share amount to the same. Then the value of the 2nd share
    is:

    A. Given:
    Total amount = Rs. 1573.
    Calculation:
    Let the share of A, B and C is 4A : 3B : 2C.
    A : B : C = 1/4 : 1/3 : 1/2 = 3 : 4 : 6
    The value of the 2nd share = (4/13) × 1573 = Rs. 484

    QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE | Ratio and Proportion PAGE 6

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