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    Alkanes and Alkenes

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    Alkanes and Alkenes

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    williamraghunanan
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    3 views4 pages

    Alkanes and Alkenes

    Uploaded by

    williamraghunanan

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 4

    Alkanes and Alkenes

    1) What is the chemical formula of an alkane with;


    a) 8 carbon atoms

    C8H18
    b) 20 carbon atoms

    C20H42
    2) Are the following isomers of pentane? Explain why.
    Yes, all three compounds are isomers of pentane as all of them have the
    same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.

    3) Give a balanced equation which shows the complete combustion of butane.


    2C4H10 + 13O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O
    4) Butane reacts with chlorine gas:
    a) What conditions are necessary for a reaction to occur between butane and chlorine
    gas?
    The reactions requires UV light or sunlight as a source of energy.
    b) What is the name given to this type of reaction?
    Free radical substitution reaction.
    c) Use structural formulae to show the first step in the reaction between chlorine and
    butane.
    CH3 − CH2 − CH2 − CH3 + Cl2 > UV light > CH3− CH2− CH2 − CH2Cl
    + HCl
    5) Explain why alkanes are predominantly used as fuels.
    Alkanes are predominantly used as fuels because they burn easily,
    release lots of energy, are easy to find, store, and transport, and burn
    cleanly when enough oxygen is available.
    6) How many moles of oxygen are required for the complete combustion of:
    a) 5 moles of propane
    C3H8+5O2→3CO2+4H2O
     1 mole of propane requires 5 moles of oxygen.
     For 5 moles of propane:
    5×5=25 moles of oxygen.
    b) 10 moles of butane

    2C4H10+13O2→8CO2+10H2O

     2 moles of butane require 13 moles of oxygen.

     For 10 moles of butane:

    (10 moles÷2)×13=65 moles of oxygen.

    Construct balanced equations and show your calculations clearly

    7) What is meant by a substitution reaction?


    A type of chemical reaction where an atom (or group of atoms) in a
    molecule is replaced by another atom or group of atoms.
    8) Construct an equation to show the reaction between ethane and fluorine. Name the first
    substitution product formed.
    C2H6 +F2 →C2H5F +HF
    Fluoroethane.
    9) Propene is added to bromine solution.
    a) Describe what you will observe when propene is added to the bromine solution.
    The brown colour of the bromine will disappear and the compound
    will become colourless.
    b) Give a balanced equation for the reaction using structural formulae.
    CH2 = CH – CH3 + Br2 → CH2Br – CHBr – CH3
    10) Give the conditions under which the following reactions occur:
    a) Hydrogenation of ethene to produce ethane
    Catalyst: Nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt), or palladium (Pd).

    Temperature: Typically around 150°C.

    Pressure: High pressure is usually applied, but this can vary depending on
    the catalyst used.
    b) Hydration of ethene to produce ethanol
    Catalyst: Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) or concentrated sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄).

    Temperature: Typically around 300°C.

    Pressure: 60-70 atm.

    11) Describe an experiment that can be performed in the laboratory to distinguish between an
    alkane and an alkene
    Bromine Water Test Experiment.

    12) Name the homologous series to which the hydrocarbons below belong
    C2H4 Alkene C4H8 Alkene C6H12 Alkane C10H20 Alkane

    13) Which of the following is not an alkane?


    a) C2H6
    b) C4H10
    c) C6H14
    d) C8H16
    14) Which substance is produced mainly by the burning of coal, but not natural gas?
    a) Carbon Monoxide
    b) Carbon Dioxide
    c) Sulphur Dioxide
    d) Water

    15)

    a) Name the organic compound


    But-2-ene
    b) Name the homologous series to which it belongs to
    Alkene
    c) What is an isomer? Draw the structure of an isomer of the above compound.
    An isomer is a compound that has the same molecular formula but a different
    structural arrangement of atoms.
    CH3−CH=CH−CH3
    16) Why doesn’t an alkene with one carbon atom exist?
    An alkene with one carbon atom doesn't exist because alkenes need at least two
    carbon atoms connected by a double bond.
    17) Compare and contrast the structure and chemical properties of alkanes and alkenes.

    Alkanes have only single bonds between carbon atoms, making them less reactive,
    while alkenes have at least one double bond, which makes them more reactive and
    able to easily add other atoms to their structure.

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