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    DOC-20241218-WA0002.

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    DOC-20241218-WA0002.

    Uploaded by

    kantasharma942
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    DOC-20241218-WA0002.

    Uploaded by

    kantasharma942

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    Intext questions (Poverty as a challenge)

    Q1.What are the government measures to reduce poverty in India?


    Explain any four schemes in detail.
    Answer:The government has implemented several schemes to address
    poverty. Four important schemes are:
    1. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
    (MGNREGA):
    --Launched in 2005, this scheme guarantees 100 days of wage
    employment in a year to every rural household.
    --It aims to provide employment, reduce poverty, and create productive
    rural assets.

    2. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY):


    --This scheme focuses on financial inclusion by providing bank
    accounts, insurance, and access to credit for the poor.
    --It helps reduce poverty by enabling savings and financial security.

    3. National Food Security Act (NFSA):


    --Under this act, subsidized food grains (rice, wheat, and coarse grains)
    are provided to poor families through the Public Distribution System
    (PDS).
    --It ensures food security and reduces malnutrition among the poor.

    4.Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP):


    --This program provides financial assistance to rural poor through
    subsidized loans for self-employment and skill development.
    --It aims to make people self-reliant and reduce rural poverty.

    Q2 What is the concept of poverty line? How is it estimated in India? Do


    you think it is a useful measure?

    Answer: The poverty line is the threshold used to measure poverty.


    People whose income or consumption is below the poverty line are
    considered poor.
    Estimation of Poverty Line in India:
    1. Calorie Consumption Method:
    The poverty line is based on minimum calorie intake:
    2400 calories per person per day in rural areas.
    2100 calories per person per day in urban areas.

    2. Income Levels:
    The income needed to meet basic needs is determined. In 2011-12, it
    was ₹816 per person per month in rural areas and ₹1000 per person per
    month in urban areas.

    3. Periodic Surveys:
    Surveys by the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) help
    estimate poverty using income, consumption, and calorie requirements.

    Is it a Useful Measure?
    Yes: It helps the government identify and target poor people through
    welfare schemes.
    No: The poverty line does not consider other dimensions of poverty like
    health, education, sanitation, and quality of life.
    Thus, while it is useful, it needs to be supplemented with broader
    measures like the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI).
    Q3. What are the major challenges in poverty alleviation?
    Answer:Challenges in Poverty Alleviation:
    1. Leakages in Welfare Programs: Corruption and inefficiency in
    delivering benefits reduce the impact of schemes.
    2. Unemployment and Underemployment: Lack of job creation in both
    rural and urban areas keeps people in poverty
    3. Population Explosion: Rapid population growth increases demand for
    jobs and resources, straining existing programs.
    4. Agricultural Dependency: A majority of rural families depend on
    agriculture, which is subject to risks like monsoons and price
    fluctuations.
    5. Low Literacy Levels: Illiteracy and lack of vocational skills prevent
    people from accessing better job opportunities.
    6. Social Exclusion: Marginalized communities like Dalits and Adivasis
    are often excluded from developmental programs.

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