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    Explanation Modal Verbs ESO

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    Explanation Modal Verbs ESO

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    Explanation Modal Verbs ESO

    Uploaded by

    carlacsm.2136

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    MODAL VERBS.

    Los verbos modales tienen las siguientes características generales:


    - Son invariables (no tienen género ni número, y tampoco pueden conjugarse) (Salvo las
    excepciones CLARO!!!)
    - No necesitan auxiliares (salvo el “be able to” y el “have to”)
    - Van seguidos de infinitivo sin to

    CAN
     Habilidad: She can speak English
     Dar y pedir permiso: Can I go to the toilet, please?
     Posibilidad: I can go to England next summer

    CAN’T
     No habilidad: She can’t speak English
     Prohibicion: You can’t go out tonight. You have been punished.
     Deduccion negativa: You can’t be hungry. You ate lunch just half an hour ago!

    BE ABLE TO: puesto que puede conjugarse, se usa cuando el can no puede ser usado:
     She will be able to pass the exam (She will can pass the exam= can no tiene infinitive)
     They should be able to cook the dinner

    Usaremos “be able to” cuando hablemos de un ejemplo concreto (no cuando hablemos de una
    habilidad en general) y normalmente cuando la acción envuelva cierta dificultad:
    - Despite his handicap, he is able to drive a car.
    COULD (*pasado de can aunque no siempre implica tiempo pasado)
     Habilidad en el pasado: I could play the piano when I was a child (en general)
     Peticiones educadas: Could I have a biscuit, please?
     Posibilidad (más remota que can): I could go to England next summer

     Para referirnos a una ocasión especifica afirmativa usaremos was able to:
    - Mike’s car broke down but fortunately he (could) was able to repair it.
    o En negative e interrogative puedes usar indistintamente was able to y could

    MAY/ MIGHT (MAY NOT / MIGHT NOT: MIGHTN’T)


     Posibilidad
     I may go to Africa in three year’s time (+)
     I might go to Africa in three year’s time (-)
     May tambien se usa para pedir algo educadamente. Es más formal que can/could
     May I help you?

    SHOULD (SHOULD NOT: SHOULDN’T)


     Para expresar opiniones y consejos:
     You should go to the cinema. There’s a very good film
     You shouldn’t visit Maria now. She has just come from hospital
    MUST
     Para expresar obligación (siempre bajo el punto de vista del hablante)
     You must go to the dentist
     Para hacer deducciones
     She has a very attractive boyfriend. She must be very happy (She can’t be sad)
     Mustn’t se usa para prohibir:
     They mustn’t go to the party. They are taking an exam tomorrow
     A veces, mustn’t puede ser un poco fuerte para algunas prohibiciones:
    - Guests may not use the pool after 11 pm
    - Women aren’t allowed to drive in some Arab countries

    HAVE TO (semi-modal)
     Para expresar obligacion: Everybody has to wear the safety belt
     Tambien para expresar deducciones: There has to be some mistake.
     Don’t / doesn’t have to: significa que no es obligatorio (=don’t/ doesn’t need to, needen’t)
     You don’t have to help tomorrow. My mother is coming to help me
     A veces, usamos have to como alternative de must:
    - The council must / will have to find ways of reducing taxes
    - The students had to evacuate the campus
    MUST vs HAVE TO
    I must study ( obligación interna del hablante ) I have to study (externa, My teacher says so)

    NEED TO (semi-modal). Este verbo no es exactamente un verbo modal pero comparte algunos de los
    usos y forma de éstos.
     I need to go to the dentist
     I needn’t come = I don’t need to come= I don’t have to come**
     Need I come with you? = Do I need to come with you?

    POSIBILITY OBLIGATION PROHIBITION DEDUCCION POSITIVA DEDUCCION NEGATIVA


    - Could – might Should – ought to Don’t/doesn’t have to Have/ has to Can’t
    May Must Shouldn’t
    + can Have/has to Mustn’t
    Can’t

    WOULD Es el auxiliar de condicional. Para ofrecimientos y peticiones.


    -Would you like something to eat? Yeah, I would have some biscuits
     Usamos would para hablar de hábitos pasados (acciones, no estados)
    - When I was a child, I would (=used to) visit the museum every Saturday
     Tambien podemos usar would para expresar un deseo para el presente of el futuro:
    - It would be so nice to live by the sea.
    WILL
     Will se puede usar para expresar buena disposición a hacer algo:
    - I’ll help you with your homework
     Won’t se puede usar para expresar la no disposición a hacer algo o rechazo:
    - The company won’t give my Money back
    SHALL Se usa en interrogativas para ofrecer o hacer sugerencias. Va con las 1º personas: (I,we)
     Shall I close the window? /Shall we dance?

    HAD BETTER Se usa para decir que es aconsejable hacer algo. Aunque “had” es pasado, se usa para
    presente y futuro. Va seguido de infinitivo sin to
     We’d better stop for petrol soon. The tank is almost empty.
     You’d better not shout. Peter is slepping.
     “Should” y “Had better” son muy similares pero no son exactamente lo mismo. Had better solo
    se usa para situaciones concretas (nunca para hablar en general); además, cuando usamos had
    better, siempre hay un peligro o problema si no sigues el consejo.

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