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BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY

BAHIR DAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF RESEARCH AND POSTGRADUATE STUDIES
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

Theoretical Analysis & Experimental Investigation Triple Fluid Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System
Using Non-Conventional Working Mixture
MSc. Thesis Proposal By :Robel Getnet

Main Advisor: Prof,Dr Kathrivan Raja

Co-advisor: Mr. million Assfaw
Dec, 2011
Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Presentation Outline

• Introduction
• Background
• Literature review
• Statement of the problem
• Objective of the study
• Methodology
• Scope
• Significance of the study
• Work plan budget plan
• Reference
Title of The Thesis Proposal

• Theoretical Analysis & Experimental Investigation Triple Fluid

Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System Using Non-Conventional
Working Mixture
 Introduction
• The vapor compression refrigeration is the leading technology in the field of refrigeration, but the energy it uses is mainly
generated from fossil fuels. It is an indirect cause of greenhouse effect gases and consumes nearly 30% of the final energy in
the world.

• The absorption refrigeration was discovered by Naim in 1777. Ferdinard Carre´ has built the first absorption refrigeration
system in 1823. Since these times, only two working fluid systems have been largely used: ammonia water and water lithium
bromide. The idea of eliminating the pump and making the pressure uniform in all components of the machine occurred first
to Geppert in 1899. To allow the refrigerant to evaporate at low temperature in the evaporator, a third compound – an inert
gas – is introduced. The first machine of this type was developed by the Swedish engineers von Platen and Munters. This
diffusion-absorption refrigeration (DAR) system uses ammonia as refrigerant, water as absorbent, and hydrogen as inert gas.

• A DAR has no moving parts, that is why it is both reliable and inaudible. The circulation of the aqueous ammonia solution is
driven by a bubble-pump and that of the gas between absorber and evaporator by natural convection

• This kind of systems has very low COP. Many studies have been carried out to improve the unit performance. Researches
have been focused on the working fluids, component configuration and thermodynamic modeling.
 Background
• A DAR has no moving parts, that is why it is both reliable and inaudible. The circulation of the aqueous ammonia solution is
driven by a bubble-pump and that of the gas between absorber and evaporator by natural convection.

• Schematic diagram of diffusion absorption

refrigerator
 Literature review
• Rodriguez and Belman-Flores presented a review of the state of the art of the DAR technologies. They analyzed over 70
publications.

• Pfaff et al. have used the LiBr/H2O mixture by a generator temperature between 66 °C and 78 °C.

• Acina et al studied the mixtures NH3/NaSCN, NH3/LiNO3. The obtained results confirm that the NH3/LiNO3 system was
50% more efficient then the NH3/H2O /H2 mixture and 27% more efficient than NH3/NaSCN system.

• Koyfman et al. have studied experimentally the mixture R22/DMF, the generator temperature was varied between 50 °C
and 90 °C.

• Zohar et al. analyzed the use of R32, R124, R125 and R134a as refrigerant and DMF as absorbent.

• Mazouz et al. [9] carried out an experimental study of a commercial DAR machine using hydrogen as inert gas, in order
to determine its performance parameters under various operating conditions. The best performance of the machine was
obtained with a heat supply of 42 W. A value of 0.12 was found for the COP. Helium
 Summary of working fluids used in the diffusion absorption refrigeration cycle
Fluid Mixture Author Generation Temperature COP Application
NH3/H2/H2O Izzendineet al.[8] 135-225 o C 0.01-0.38 Refrigeration & Air
Taieb et al.[6] conditioning
Taieb et al.[7]
Zohar et al.[11]
NH3/H2/He Zohar et al.[11] 100-220 o C 0.1-0.4 Refrigeration & Air
Kouremenos et conditioning
al.[13]
Acuna et al.[15]
Bourseau &
Baragel [29]
NH3-LiNO3-He Acuna et al.[15] 120 o C 0.48 Refrigeration & Air
conditioning
o
R22-DMAC-He Zohar et al.[18] 138-160 C 0.19-0.22 Refrigeration
R124-DMACHe Zohar et al.[18] 90-180 o C 0.05-0.4 Refrigeration
TFE-TEGDMEHe Long et al.[33] 170 o C 0.45 Refrigeration
TFE-TEGDMEHe Long et al.[33] 130 o C 0.56 Refrigeration
Summary of main published research
Authors Main Work Research Type Main Results

Gurevich et al. Influence of the number of parallel lift tube Experimental The configuration of three parallel lifting
at different solution concentration on the tubes shows the maximum flow rate of
bubble pump performance refrigerant in the range of 150–200 [W] heat
input per pipe for refrigerant mass
concentrations of 30%–40%

Han et al. An experimental study of a bubble pump Experimental Increasing the tubes diameters and refrigerant
with different tubes diameters & different concentration increase the pumping ratio of
refrigerant concentration the pump
Belman-Flores et al. Analysis of DAC based on geometrical & Experimental & COP and cooling capacity are principally
operational parameters was done Theoretical influenced by the geometrical parameters than
by the operational parameters
Acuña et al. DAC with LiNO3, NaSCN and H2O as Simulation The best solution mixture were
absorbent, NH3 as refrigerant and He, H2 NH3-LiNO3-He with COP of 0.48
as inert gas were investigated
Abdullah Yıldız et al. Thermodynamic model were developed Experimental & Solution heat exchanger is the component
and validated by experimental results Theoretical where the most energy loss and energy
destruction occurred
 Statement Of The Problem
• Although diffusion vapor absorption refrigeration is a wonderful technology which uses low grade energy, use
environmentally friendly & low global warming potential refrigerants and has the capacity to provide higher cooling
effect, due to its absorber and cycle performance and also due to its limitations of working pairs it has a low coefficient
of performance. The conventional working pairs (NH3/H2/H2O /He) also needs rectifier due to volatility of water and this
increases the system cost. heat exchangers have to be made from steel because water is not compatible with aluminum
and ammonia is toxic, explosive and not compatible with copper. But steel has poor heat transfer performances compared
to aluminum. It is also incompatible with solar thermal system due to their requirement of high driving
temperature(>150oC). All the above problems alarm the need for the investigation of new working pairs for use in
diffusion absorption system.
 Objective Of The Study
General objective

• To experimentally investigate the performance of commercial diffusion-absorption refrigerator using alternative working
mixtures and study its exergy performance.

Specific objective

• Performing a series of tests with nine different electric heating power input

• Determining global heat transfer coefficient of refrigerator theoretically and experimentally

• Determining global heat transfer coefficient of evaporator using transient and steady state models

• Evaluating and discussing evolution of coefficient of performance and electrical energy consumed

• Developing simulation model of the unit using software ASPEN-HYSYS

• Calculation of energy and exergy efficiencies

• Evaluation of destroyed exergy

• Evaluation of degradation coefficient of performance in each component of the refrigerator

Methodology
materials
• diffusion vapor absorption refrigerator

• TFE+TEGDME+helium mixture

• Data logger

• Data acquisition system

• Thermocouple (K-type) 16 pieces

• Multimeter

• Electric resistance heater

• Computer for data processing

Location of thermocouples
Cont.
method
• Data collection

• Selecting specific working pair

• Preparing experimental setup

• Preparing different mixtures of the solution

• Applying experimental procedures

• Measuring and recording of data

• Comparing different results of the experiment

• Analyzing and interpreting the results using sigma plot software

 Scope
• The scope of this thesis is to investigate a single effect vapor absorption refrigeration system using binary and
ternary solution working fluids such as ammonia with water and salt and ammonia with ionic liquids. We are
going to use the available vapor absorption device or we can purchase the device from local market. From among
the many types of ionic liquids we are going to study on one ionic liquid only and from different types of available
salts we are going to select only one based on the literature survey. This research studies the effect of different
composition or mass fraction of working pairs on the performance of single effect vapor absorption refrigeration
system.
 Significance Of The Study
• After the completion of this research we will get the best performing working pairs which will solve the inherent
drawbacks of conventional working pairs. And this may attract the world towards vapor absorption refrigeration and
this will solve our worlds current needs of energy consumed by other refrigeration cycle and also since this research
uses zero global warming potential refrigerants it really helps in reduction of green house gases. Based on this
research we can also solve our country’s many problems in agricultural products in rural areas by providing low cost
and high performing working pairs which will also reduce initial investment cost. Vapor absorption refrigeration can
best be integrated with solar, geothermal or waste heat in industries and this will solve our need of cooling and
heating. This research also provides a novel composition of working pair to the scientific world and also gives
directions for future improvement.
 Work plan
Month Decemb January Februar March April May June
er y
Tasks Week
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1. Literature review
1. Data collection
1. Experimental setup preparation
1. Preparing refrigerants and absorbents
1. Starting the experiment
1. Measurement for ternary solution
1. Measurement & recording for binary
solution
1. Comparing, discussing and analyzing the
results
1. Documentation
1. Draft Report submission
1. Final Report submission
 Budget plan
Budget Estimate

Tasks Unit Quantity Unit Price Total cost

1. Stationary expenses (pen, paper, notebook, no 10 5 100ETB

etc.) no 100ETB
1.Literature review
2. Miscellaneous expenses (photocopy, print,
etc)
2.Data collection 1. Materials costs (data recording device, input no 1 5000 5000ETB
a. experimental setup preparation raw materials, spare part, etc.) no 10 100 500ETB
2. Stationary expenses (pen, paper,, notebook) kg 3 10$ 30$
3. Miscellaneous expenses(photocopy, print, no 1 5000 5000ETB
a. refrigerant & absorbent preparation transport, telephone, ammonia,
4. Fridge worker( technical assistant),
3.Data Analysis 1. Lithium nitrate kg 3 10$ 30$
a. measurement 2. Ionic liquid kg 3 30$ 90$
a. Data record 3. Miscellaneous expenses(photocopy, print, 100ETB
transport, telephone, labor, etc) 8 2000ETB
a. Result discussion & interpretation
4. Measuring instruments
4.Documentation 1. Stationary expenses (pen, paper, , notebook, 100ETB
5.Final Report submission flash, publishing costs, etc.) 100ETB
Total Cost=COST+20%COST 2. Miscellaneous expenses(transport, labor) 20,460ET
B
 Reference
[1] Bruno Agostini, Francesco Agostini & Mathieu Habert, “Journal of Physics: Conference Series 745(2016),” 7th European
Thermal-Sciences Conference [Eurotherm2016].

[2] J.L. Rodriguez-Munaz, J.M Belmen-flores (2014), “Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 30,”pp.145-153.

[3] Noman Yousuf, Etinenne Biteau, Timothy Anderson, Michael Gschwendtner and Roy Nates (2016), “Modelling the
performance of a Diffusion Absorption Refrigeration System,” Asia-pacific solar research conference.

[4] R.Mansouri, S.Mazouz, M.BourourisandA.Bellagi (2015), “Experimental study and steady-state modeling of a
commercial diffusion-absorption refrigerator,” Revue des Energies Renouvelables, Special ICT3-MENA, Bose Ismail, pp.7
14.
[5] Mukul Kumarand R. K. Das (2015), “Thermodynamic study of the diffusion absorption refrigeration system with organic
fluid,” International Journal of mechanical engineering and robotic research, volume 4, pp.1-8.

[6] Ahmed Taieb,KhalifaMejbri, Ahmed Bellagi (2016), “Detailed thermodynamic analysis of a diffusion absorption
refrigeration cycle,” Energy 115, pp.418-434.

[7] Ahmed Taieb, Khalifa Mejbri, Ahmed Bellagi (2016), “Theoretical analysis of a diffusion absorption refrigerator,”
International journal of hydrogen energy XXX, pp.1-9.