ENERGY PREDICTION SYSTEM WITH

NEURAL NETWORK (CNN-LSTM) IN JETSON

NANO AND ARDUINO
PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

AASHISH A S(7376211CS105)

NISHAANTH R(7376212IT193)

SHARATH B(7376212IT229)

SHRIPATHI S P(7376212IT232)

In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

BANNARIAMMANINSTITUTE OFTECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)
SATHYAMANGALAM-638401
ANNAUNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600025

DECEMBER 2024
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “ENERGY PREDICTION SYSTEM WITH

NEURAL NETWORK (CNN-LSTM) IN JETSON NANO AND ARDUINO” is the
Bonafide work of "AASHISH A S (7376211CS105), NISHAANTH R
(7376212IT193), SHARATH B (7376212IT229) and SHRIPATHI S P
(7376212IT232)"who carried out the project work under my supervision.

Dr SASIKALA D Mrs. HARIPRIYA R

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
Department of Computer Science Department of Computer
and Engineering Technology,
Bannari Amman Institute of Bannari Amman Institute of
Technology, Technology,
Sathyamangalam. Sathyamangalam.

Submitted for Project Viva Voice examination held on………………

Examiner I Examiner II
 DECLARATION

We affirm that the project work titled “Energy Prediction System with Neural Network (Cnn-
Lstm) In Jetson Nano and Arduino” being submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of the
degree of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING in Computer Science and Engineering is the
record of original work done by us under the guidance of Mrs. Haripriya R, Assistant Professor,
Department of Computer Technology. It has not formed a part of any other project work(s)
submitted for the award of any degree or diploma, either in this or any other University.

AASHISH A S NISHAANTH R

(7376211CS105) (7376212IT193)

SHRIPATHI S P SHARATH B

(7376212IT232) (7376212IT229)

I certify that the declaration made above by the candidates is true.

Mrs. HARIPRIYA R
Assistant Professor,
Computer Technology
Bannari Amman Institute of Technology,
Sathyamangalam.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to enunciate heartfelt thanks to our esteemed Chairman

Dr.S.V. Balasubramaniam, and the respected Director Dr.M.P. Vijaykumar, for
providing excellent facilities and support during the course of study in this institute.

We are grateful to Dr. SASIKALA D, Head of the Department, Department

of Computer Science and Engineering for her valuable suggestions to carry out the
project work successfully.

We wish to express our sincere thanks to Faculty guide Mrs. Haripriya R,

Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Technology, for her constructive
ideas, inspirations, encouragement, excellent guidance, and much needed technical
support extended to complete our project work.

We would like to thank our friends, faculty and non-teaching staff who have
directly and indirectly contributed to the success of this project.

AASHISH A S(7376211CS105)

NISHAANTH R(7376212IT193)

SHARATH B(7376212IT229)

SHRIPATHI S P(7376212IT232)

i
 ABSTRACT

The rapid acceleration in global energy demand calls for advanced methods to
improve resource utilization and support sustainable practices. This research introduces an
innovative Energy Prediction System that leverages the synergy of Convolutional Neural
Network and Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) models, optimized for deployment
on the Jetson Nano platform. By integrating with Arduino-based sensors, the system
facilitates real-time acquisition and analysis of energy data. This setup aims to deliver
accurate short- and long-term predictions of energy consumption patterns, thereby
enhancing energy management efficiency and fostering sustainability. Our approach
involves the collection of historical energy metrics via a network of Arduino sensors, which
are then pre-processed and utilized for model training. The CNN-LSTM architecture,
supported by the high computational power of Jetson Nano, is particularly well-suited for
detecting intricate temporal and spatial patterns in data, leading to high prediction accuracy.
The system’s ability to forecast energy usage with precision has significant implications
for applications in smart grids, industrial automation, and household energy management.
Experimental results validate the robustness of the proposed model, showing marked
improvements in accuracy over traditional machine learning techniques. In addition to
enhancing forecasting precision, this system offers a scalable and cost-effective solution
for energy monitoring. By contributing a practical, intelligent tool for proactive energy
planning, our work aligns with broader goals of reducing carbon footprints and optimizing
energy expenditure in various sectors. Future research will focus on enhancing model
robustness, exploring diverse data sources, and broadening the system’s applicability to
various energy-intensive domains.

Keywords: Energy prediction, CNN-LSTM, Jetson Nano, Arduino, sustainable energy,

machine learning, smart grid, energy efficiency

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.NO C.NO TITLE PAGE NO

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
ABSTRACT ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF FIGURES v

1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background of the work 1
1.2 Problem Statement 2
1.3 Project Overview 2
1.4 Project Goals and Scope 3
1.5 Motivation 4
1.6 Advantages of the Energy Prediction System 5
1.7 Applications of the Energy Prediction System 6

2. LITERATURE SURVEY 7

3. OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY 10

3.1 Objectives of the Energy Prediction System 10
3.2 Methodology 13
3.3 Flow chart 16

iii
4. PROPOSED WORK MODULES 17
4.1 Data acquisition module 17
4.2 Feature extraction module 18
4.3 Prediction module 19
4.4 Deployment and real-time processing module 21
4.5 Testing and validation module 22

5. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 24

5.1 Results 24
5.2 Discussion 26
5.3 Cost benefit analysis 28

6. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE WORK 31

6.1 Conclusion 31
6.2 Suggestion for future work 31
6.3 Summary of Contents 32

7. REFERENCE 33

8. APPENDICE 35
8.1 Coding 35
8.2 Individual Contribution 37
8.3 Publication Certificate 38
8.4 Plagiarism Report 39

iv
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No Figure Name Page no

1.3 Steps in Detection 3

3.3 Flow Chart 16

4.3.1 LSTM Process 20

5.1 Result Image 24

5.2 Result Image 25

5.3.2 World Energy Consumption 30

v
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the work:

In recent years, the rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IOT) devices has
revolutionized various industries, including smart homes, industrial automation, and
electric vehicles (EVs). These devices, while efficient, often require real-time energy
management to optimize their performance, minimize energy wastage, and reduce costs.
Energy consumption patterns in such systems are often highly dynamic, influenced by a
variety of factors such as user behaviour, environmental conditions, and device-specific
characteristics.

Current energy management solutions are often based on rule-based algorithms or

traditional predictive models, which may not fully account for the complex, non-linear, and
time-dependent nature of energy consumption. Therefore, more advanced methods,
particularly those leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML),
offer promising solutions to address these challenges.

Among these advanced methods, deep learning models, specifically Convolutional

Neural Networks (CNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTMs), have
demonstrated significant potential in accurately predicting energy consumption patterns.
These models are capable of learning intricate patterns from vast amounts of data, making
them ideal for real-time energy forecasting applications in IoT environments.

This project focuses on developing an Energy Prediction System that leverages a hybrid
model of CNN and LSTM for real-time energy consumption forecasting. The system will
be deployed on the Jetson Nano, a powerful yet affordable edge computing platform, and
will integrate with Arduino to collect sensor data from various IOT devices.

1
1.2 Problem Statement:

The energy consumption of IOT devices is highly variable and often difficult to predict
using traditional models. Without accurate predictions, devices may either consume more
energy than necessary or operate inefficiently, leading to increased energy costs and carbon
emissions. Additionally, many existing energy management systems do not operate in real
time, making them inadequate for applications requiring immediate adjustments based on
changing conditions.

Moreover, conventional models lack the flexibility to account for complex, temporal
dependencies in energy usage, such as fluctuations due to time of day, seasonal changes,
or external environmental factors. This project aims to solve these challenges by
developing an intelligent, real-time energy prediction system that can dynamically adjust
energy usage based on real-time data.

1.3 Project Overview:

The main goal of this project is to develop an Energy Prediction System using a CNN-
LSTM hybrid model for forecasting the energy consumption of IOT devices in real time.
This system will leverage data collected by Arduino-based sensors and processed on the
Jetson Nano platform to predict future energy consumption and optimize the operation of
connected devices.

2
 1.3 Steps in Detection

The system will utilize deep learning techniques to:

1. Extract Features: Use CNNs to extract relevant features from the sensor data (such
as temperature, power usage, and time-series data).
2. Forecast Energy Consumption: Use LSTM networks to predict future energy
consumption based on the temporal dependencies and complex patterns in the data.
3. Real-time Processing: Deploy the model on Jetson Nano for low-latency
predictions and decisions, allowing the system to optimize energy use in real time.

1.4 Project Goals and Scope:

The objectives of the Energy Prediction System project are:

1. To develop and implement a CNN-LSTM hybrid model for energy consumption

forecasting using time-series data from IOT sensors.

3
 2. To deploy the trained model on Jetson Nano, enabling real-time, edge-based
energy predictions.
3. To integrate Arduino for data collection from sensors measuring parameters like
power usage, temperature, and environmental conditions.
4. To optimize energy consumption in IOT devices by accurately predicting their
future energy needs.
5. To assess the performance of the model by comparing predicted energy
consumption with actual usage.

1.5 Motivation:

As the number of IOT devices continues to grow, energy efficiency becomes a critical
concern, both from a cost and environmental perspective. Many IoT devices are used in
smart homes, industrial automation, and electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, where
energy management plays a crucial role in ensuring operational efficiency and reducing
costs.

The ability to accurately forecast energy usage not only improves the efficiency of
individual devices but also optimizes the overall energy consumption in these systems.
This project aims to bring deep learning into the realm of energy forecasting, enabling a
more intelligent, data-driven, and real-time approach to energy management. By
developing a system capable of predicting energy usage with high accuracy, this project
will contribute to the reduction of energy wastage, lower operational costs, and promote
sustainability in IoT-based environments.

4
1.6 Advantages of the Energy Prediction System:

1. Real-time Energy Forecasting: The system will provide real-time predictions of

energy consumption based on dynamic input data from sensors, enabling proactive
energy management.
2. Optimized Energy Consumption: By accurately predicting energy needs, the
system will optimize the operation of IoT devices, reducing unnecessary energy
usage and lowering costs.
3. Cost Reduction: Accurate energy predictions allow businesses and consumers to
better manage their energy usage, leading to lower utility bills and more efficient
resource allocation.
4. Improved Sustainability: By minimizing energy wastage, the system will
contribute to sustainability efforts by reducing the carbon footprint of IoT devices.
5. Scalability: The system can be easily adapted and scaled to various IoT
environments, from smart homes to large industrial setups, ensuring its applicability
across multiple sectors.
6. Data-Driven Insights: The system will generate valuable insights into energy
consumption patterns, allowing for better forecasting of demand, identifying peak
consumption periods, and optimizing energy distribution.
7. Low-Latency Processing: The use of Jetson Nano for edge computing ensures
low-latency predictions and real-time adjustments, providing immediate insights
and actions for energy management.
8. Enhanced User Experience: IoT devices will operate more efficiently, reducing
downtime and improving overall user experience by ensuring that devices are
always operating within their optimal energy range.

5
1.7 Applications of the Energy Prediction System:

1. Smart Homes: The system can be integrated into smart homes to manage the
energy usage of household appliances, lighting, heating, and cooling systems,
reducing energy costs while enhancing convenience.
2. Industrial IoT: In industrial settings, the system can be used to monitor and
optimize the energy consumption of machinery, sensors, and production lines,
improving operational efficiency.
3. Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Stations: The system can help optimize the energy
usage of EV charging stations, predicting peak usage times and adjusting charging
strategies accordingly.
4. Smart Grids: By forecasting energy demand, this system can play a critical role in
smart grid management, balancing supply and demand in real-time and reducing
the strain on the grid.
5. Green Energy Solutions: The system can also be used to integrate renewable
energy sources such as solar and wind into energy management systems, optimizing
the use of green energy and reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
6. Energy-Intensive Applications: Applications in data centres, cloud computing,
and high-performance computing (HPC) can use the system to manage the power
consumption of servers, reducing operational costs and improving energy
efficiency.

6
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

The application of deep learning techniques, especially Convolutional Neural

Networks (CNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, has gained
significant attention in various fields, including energy forecasting, IoT, and smart systems.
In particular, the use of deep learning for energy prediction has emerged as a powerful
tool for optimizing energy consumption, improving efficiency, and contributing to
sustainable energy management. In this literature review, we will examine the key research
studies related to energy prediction systems, neural networks, and the application of
these methods to real-time energy management in IoT environments.

 Zhao et al., 2018 - Predicting Energy Consumption with Deep Learning

Zhao et al. proposed a model that combines deep neural networks (DNN) and
support vector machines (SVM) to predict energy consumption in smart homes.
The study highlighted the accuracy and efficiency of deep learning models in
handling non-linear and time-series energy data. The results showed that deep
learning models outperformed traditional methods, providing more accurate
forecasts and enabling better energy management in smart homes. This research set
the groundwork for exploring more advanced techniques like CNNs and LSTMs
for real-time energy prediction in IoT environments.
 Liu et al., 2019 - Energy Consumption Prediction Using LSTM Networks
In a study focused on smart grid systems, Liu et al. utilized LSTM networks to
predict electricity consumption for industrial applications. LSTMs, known for their
ability to capture temporal dependencies in time-series data, were particularly
effective in predicting energy demand during different times of the day and in
varying environmental conditions. This research demonstrated the advantages of

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 LSTM networks in forecasting energy consumption for IoT-enabled systems that
exhibit complex and time-dependent behaviors.
 Kim et al., 2020 - Deep Learning for Energy Prediction in Smart Homes
Kim and colleagues applied deep learning algorithms, specifically CNNs and
LSTMs, to predict the energy consumption of household appliances. They proposed
an integrated approach that used CNNs for feature extraction from raw sensor data
and LSTMs to model the temporal dynamics of energy usage over time. The results
of the study indicated that the hybrid model offered better prediction accuracy
compared to conventional methods and provided real-time energy usage insights for
optimized operation of devices.

 Li et al., 2021 - Hybrid CNN-LSTM Model for Energy Consumption Prediction

Li et al. introduced a hybrid CNN-LSTM model designed to predict energy
consumption in industrial and commercial buildings. The CNN layers were used to
extract spatial features from environmental data such as temperature, humidity, and
power consumption, while the LSTM layers handled the temporal dependencies by
learning the time-series patterns in the data. The hybrid approach showed significant
improvements in prediction accuracy over models that relied solely on either CNN
or LSTM techniques.
 Zhou et al., 2021 - Multi-Modal Energy Prediction Using CNN-LSTM
Zhou et al. explored a multi-modal hybrid model that combined CNNs and LSTMs
to predict energy consumption in smart buildings. Their model integrated multiple
data sources, including environmental factors (temperature, humidity) and real-time
power consumption from IoT sensors. The hybrid model effectively captured both
the spatial features (using CNNs) and temporal patterns (using LSTMs), providing
highly accurate energy predictions that could be used to optimize energy usage in
real-time. This study highlighted the potential of combining CNNs and LSTMs for
addressing complex energy prediction problems.

8
 Zhao et al., 2020 - Real-Time Energy Consumption Prediction in Smart
GridsUsingLSTM
Zhao et al. developed an LSTM-based real-time energy prediction system for
smart grids. The system utilized data from smart meters and environmental sensors
to forecast energy usage across different regions in a smart grid. By processing the
data in real-time, the system was able to predict energy demand and adjust supply
dynamically, helping to balance the grid and prevent overloads. The study
demonstrated the importance of using deep learning models like LSTM for
predictive energy management in smart grids, with the ability to adapt to real-time
changes in energy usage.
 Yang et al., 2022 - Edge-Based Energy Management with CNN-LSTM
Yang and colleagues implemented an edge computing-based energy management
system using the Jetson Nano platform. The system employed a CNN-LSTM
hybrid model to predict the energy consumption of IoT devices in real-time. The
use of edge computing allowed the model to make low-latency predictions,
optimizing the operation of devices like lights, air conditioners, and heating
systems. The research illustrated how integrating deep learning with edge devices
like Jetson Nano can enable real-time energy optimization while reducing the
reliance on cloud servers and improving system responsiveness.

 Huang et al., 2020 - Energy Prediction on Edge Devices Using CNN and LSTM
Huang et al. explored the deployment of a CNN-LSTM model for energy prediction
on edge devices like Jetson Nano and Raspberry Pi. The study emphasized the
benefits of processing energy consumption data locally on edge devices, allowing
for real-time decision-making without the need for constant communication with
cloud servers. This approach enabled more efficient energy management in smart
homes and industrial IoT environments, demonstrating how edge AI can optimize
energy consumption while ensuring scalability and low-cost implementation.

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 CHAPTER 3

OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY

3.1 Objectives of the Energy Prediction System

The Energy Prediction System is designed to provide a robust and efficient solution for
managing and forecasting energy consumption in real time. Its primary goal is to empower
users with actionable insights that promote resource efficiency, adaptability, and a user-
friendly experience.

3.1.1 Accurate Energy Consumption Prediction:

• Objective: To create highly accurate forecasts of energy usage patterns.

• Extended Description: Accuracy in energy prediction enables users to anticipate and
control energy needs, preventing inefficiencies. By using a CNN-LSTM model, this
system combines the benefits of CNNs for capturing immediate variations (e.g.,
short surges in energy use from appliances) and LSTMs for understanding long-
term patterns (e.g., recurring peak usage times). This approach is particularly
valuable in industrial and commercial settings, where minor inaccuracies can lead
to costly inefficiencies over time. The model’s high accuracy ensures the system can
predict energy needs not only on a short-term basis (hourly, daily) but also in longer
cycles, contributing to resource optimization.

3.1.2 Real-Time Data Processing and Analysis:

 Objective: To continuously process and analyze data in real time, providing instant
feedback.

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  Extended Description: The ability to process data in real time ensures the system
can immediately respond to any changes in consumption patterns. This feature is
vital for applications requiring instant feedback, such as industrial settings with
heavy machinery or smart homes with automated devices. By processing data
locally on the Jetson Nano, latency is minimized, and response time is nearly
instantaneous, which helps users make on-the-spot adjustments to energy usage.
Furthermore, local data processing reduces reliance on cloud storage, promoting
data privacy and lowering costs associated with cloud-based services.

3.1.3 Enhanced Resource Efficiency and Cost Reduction:

 Objective: To promote energy-efficient practices that reduce unnecessary

consumption and associated costs.
 Extended Description: Resource efficiency translates directly to financial savings,
especially for businesses with high energy demands. This system enables users to
make informed decisions on when and how to use energy more effectively. For
example, in an industrial setting, the system can recommend optimal operating times
for energy-intensive machinery to avoid peak-rate periods, thus reducing energy
costs. Additionally, the data generated by the system can be used to audit past energy
usage, identify wasteful patterns, and implement corrective measures. This
capability supports a more sustainable approach to energy management, aligning
with global initiatives for reduced energy consumption and environmental impact.

3.1.4 Scalability and Adaptability

 Objective: To create a system that can be easily scaled and adapted to various
settings and energy demands.

11
  Extended Description: Scalability is crucial for energy systems, as energy needs
vary significantly across different environments. The system’s flexible design
allows for the integration of additional sensors, accommodating an expanding
network of energy-monitoring devices. This adaptability is important for dynamic
settings, such as manufacturing plants with varying production schedules, or
commercial buildings that experience fluctuating occupancy levels. The system can
adjust its prediction models based on real-time changes in energy usage, ensuring
ongoing accuracy and relevance as it scales. Furthermore, as new IoT and sensor
technologies emerge, the system is designed to seamlessly integrate these
advancements without major overhauls.

3.1.5 User-Friendly Interface and Accessibility:

 Objective: To develop an intuitive interface that enhances the user experience and
ensures easy access to prediction data.
 Extended Description: Accessibility is vital in enabling users of all technical
backgrounds to benefit from the system’s insights. A user-friendly interface,
whether web-based or mobile, translates complex data into easy-to-understand
formats (such as graphs and alerts) that make decision-making straightforward. By
implementing customization features, users can tailor the dashboard to display data
most relevant to their needs, such as daily peak usage times, cost-saving alerts, or
environmental impact metrics. This personalized experience empowers users to
proactively engage with their energy consumption data and take effective steps
toward more sustainable practices.

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3.2 Methodology

The Energy Prediction System is implemented through a series of well-defined steps,

each contributing to the overall performance, scalability, and user satisfaction. The
methodology ensures that the system not only meets technical objectives but also aligns
with user needs.

3.2.1 Data Collection and Sensor Integration:

 Effective data collection is the backbone of any predictive system. The Arduino-
based setup includes an array of sensors capable of capturing various energy
parameters, including current, voltage, and power.
 Collecting historical data provides the model with a solid foundation to recognize
long-standing patterns. To improve generalization, the data is collected under
varying conditions, such as time-of-day variations, seasonal changes, and changes
in user behavior, which ensures the model learns a diverse set of patterns.
 Diverse data sources contribute to a resilient model that performs well under
different scenarios, enhancing its usability across multiple contexts.

3.2.2 Data Pre-processing and Transformation:

 Raw data often includes noise or inconsistencies that can mislead the predictive
model. Techniques like moving averages and other filtering methods remove
unnecessary fluctuations, stabilizing the data.
 Normalization ensures all variables are on a consistent scale, which is essential for
effective pattern recognition by the model. Standardization across sensors ensures
temporal alignment, so that data points accurately represent concurrent events.
 This pre-processing step is critical for enhancing model performance, as it allows
the CNN-LSTM to focus on meaningful patterns rather than artifacts or noise.

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3.2.3 Model Selection and CNN-LSTM Architecture:

 The CNN-LSTM architecture is chosen specifically for time-series data. CNN

layers excel at identifying spatial patterns, such as short bursts of energy usage,
while LSTM layers capture long-term dependencies in the data.
 For example, the LSTM can learn periodic peaks in energy use, such as daily or
weekly patterns. This combination enhances the model’s robustness, allowing it to
predict not only immediate changes in energy use but also anticipate recurring
patterns.
 Hyperparameter tuning optimizes model performance, and transfer learning can
reduce training time by leveraging features from pre-trained models on similar
datasets, making the process more efficient.

3.2.4 Data Splitting and Model Training:

 Proper data splitting ensures that the model is tested on diverse data, preventing
overfitting. By dividing the data into training, validation, and testing sets, the model
can be tuned to generalize well across all data.
 Training on the Jetson Nano platform enables efficient, real-time processing,
maximizing the hardware’s capabilities for high-performance predictions.
 Early stopping, monitored through validation metrics, is employed to halt training
once optimal performance is achieved, preventing the model from learning noise
instead of useful patterns.

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3.2.5 Post-Processing and Prediction Refinement:

 Post-processing refines predictions, smoothing them and making them more

reliable. Anomaly detection techniques identify unexpected outliers, allowing the
system to flag potential issues, such as spikes in usage due to equipment
malfunction.
 Moving averages smooth out predictions, making them easier to interpret, while
calibration aligns model outputs with real-world values. The refined data is then
integrated into the user interface, ensuring users receive accurate, actionable
information that reflects actual energy usage.

3.2.6 Deployment and Real-Time Prediction:

 Deployment on the Jetson Nano leverages edge computing, allowing for real-time
predictions with minimal latency.
 This setup is ideal for applications requiring immediate responses, such as industrial
or smart home systems. The local deployment also reduces dependence on cloud
storage, enhancing privacy and reducing costs.
 The web or mobile interface displays real-time energy data, empowering users to
make informed decisions and optimize their energy use based on current conditions.

3.2.7 Performance Evaluation:

 Evaluating performance metrics, including MAE, RMSE, and MAPE, is crucial for
assessing model accuracy. MAE provides a straightforward error measure, while
RMSE is sensitive to larger errors, making it useful for identifying significant
discrepancies in predictions.
 MAPE standardizes the error measure as a percentage, allowing for cross-
comparison between different levels of energy usage.

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3.2.8 User Feedback and Continuous Improvement

 User feedback is essential for ongoing improvement. By incorporating mechanisms

like user surveys, interviews, and analytics, the system can gather insights into user
experience and satisfaction.
 Continuous updates based on feedback help refine both the model’s predictions and
the user interface. For instance, if users express a need for more granular predictions
(e.g., hourly instead of daily), the model can be adjusted accordingly. This iterative
feedback loop ensures the system remains relevant and useful, continually evolving
to meet user needs and preferences.

3.3 Flowchart:

Figure 3.3 Flow Chart

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 CHAPTER 4

PROPOSED WORK MODULES

4.1 Data Acquisition Module:

4.1.1. Sensor Integration:

 The first stage in the system involves setting up IoT sensors with Arduino,
allowing it to capture real-time metrics like voltage, current, and
environmental factors (temperature, humidity) that influence energy
consumption. This is crucial as it forms the foundation of data used for
prediction.
 Each sensor is carefully calibrated for accuracy, and Arduino is programmed
to ensure it collects and aggregates data consistently. These sensors are
selected based on their compatibility with energy monitoring and the specific
requirements of the IoT environment in use.

4.1.2. Data Collection and Pre-processing:

 Data collected from sensors is often raw and noisy, so pre-processing is

necessary. This includes filtering out outliers or anomalous values and filling
any gaps in the data to ensure consistency. Techniques such as smoothing
(e.g., using a moving average) can help minimize fluctuations that do not
represent actual changes in energy usage.
 Pre-processing steps also include normalization to align all data points within
a uniform range. This prepares the data for input into the neural network,
reducing computational load and ensuring better performance and accuracy
in predictions.

17
4.1.3. Data Transmission to Jetson Nano:

 With data pre-processed, Arduino transmits it to the Jetson Nano through

serial communication, Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi, depending on network
configuration and latency requirements.
 This real-time transmission is crucial because any delay in data processing
could impact the system’s ability to make timely adjustments to energy
usage. The Jetson Nano receives the data and begins processing immediately
to feed into the predictive model.

4.2 Feature Extraction Module:

4.2.1.CNN-based Feature Extraction:

 Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) analyze sensor data and extract

features, focusing on identifying patterns that correlate with energy
consumption trends. For example, a CNN might recognize peak usage times
or detect periodic fluctuations in power consumption tied to specific
environmental factors.
 The CNNs break down complex input data into interpretable features,
isolating significant patterns and discarding unnecessary information. This
level of feature extraction enhances the model's ability to recognize recurring
trends in the data.

4.2.2. Feature Normalization and Transformation:

 Following extraction, features are normalized and transformed to prepare

them for LSTM processing. This might involve techniques like standard
scaling or min-max normalization, which brings values into a consistent
range, reducing the risk of model bias.

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  Transformation is especially useful for ensuring that the data is suitable for
time-series analysis in the LSTM model, making it easier to capture short-
term and long-term patterns in energy consumption.

4.2.3. Feature Selection:

 In this stage, feature selection narrows down to only the most relevant data
points, significantly reducing processing time and enhancing model
efficiency. The selection process might prioritize variables that exhibit strong
correlations with changes in energy usage, such as temperature, power load,
or usage frequency.
 Effective feature selection improves prediction accuracy and efficiency by
focusing the model on high-impact variables, which ultimately leads to faster
and more reliable predictions.

4.3 Prediction Module:

4.3.1. LSTM-based Prediction Model:

 LSTMs excel at analyzing time-series data, which is essential for predicting

future energy requirements. The LSTM model takes advantage of its memory
capabilities to retain sequential data, recognizing changes over time that can
predict future energy demands accurately.
 By capturing these temporal relationships, the LSTM model provides a basis
for energy forecasting that considers factors such as daily or seasonal usage
patterns and any recurring cycles.

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 Figure 4.3.1 LSTM Process

4.3.2. Hybrid CNN-LSTM Model Integration:

 The hybrid CNN-LSTM architecture combines the CNN’s feature extraction

strength with the LSTM’s temporal forecasting abilities. CNN identifies
structural features in the data, which are then processed by LSTM layers to
account for time dependencies.
 This integration maximizes both accuracy and processing speed, enabling the
model to make well-informed predictions with minimal latency, ideal for
applications requiring near-instantaneous responses to data.

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 4.3.3. Model Evaluation and Tuning:

 To ensure that the model remains accurate and efficient, it undergoes periodic
evaluation against real-time data. Evaluation metrics such as Mean Squared
Error (MSE) help determine the model's performance.

 Tuning the model’s hyper parameters—such as learning rate, batch size, and
LSTM cell count—enhances predictive accuracy and adaptability, making
the system robust across a range of IoT environments and data scenarios.

4.4 Deployment and Real-time Processing Module:

4.4.1. Model Deployment on Jetson Nano:

 Jetson Nano, an edge computing platform, hosts the CNN-LSTM model to

enable localized, real-time processing. This setup removes the need for cloud
dependency, which enhances privacy, reduces latency, and ensures the
system operates independently.
 Deployment involves optimizing model architecture and tuning processing
settings on Jetson Nano to balance computational power with prediction
speed, ensuring that energy adjustments happen promptly based on real-time
data.

4.4.2. Energy Optimization Decisions:

 With predictions in place, the system makes automatic adjustments, such as

altering power modes or turning devices off during low-usage periods. These
actions are based on real-time insights, with the system dynamically
responding to forecasted energy needs.

21
  Automated decisions reduce unnecessary energy use, minimizing costs and
enhancing device efficiency. Over time, this leads to significant reductions
in energy bills and improved sustainability for both residential and industrial
applications.

4.4.3. User Interface and Monitoring Dashboard:

 A user-friendly dashboard provides real-time insights into predicted and

actual energy usage, as well as device performance. Visualizations and
reports offer users a clear view of energy trends, allowing for more informed
management.
 Customizable settings on the dashboard enable users to set energy-saving
goals, track peak usage times, and receive notifications for high-energy
events, making it easier to optimize consumption.

4.5 Testing and Validation Module:

4.5.1. Model Testing:

 Rigorous testing under various operational conditions helps verify that the
system works accurately and reliably. Test scenarios might include
simulating peak demand periods, seasonal changes, or varying IOT device
configurations to ensure consistent performance.
 Performance under different loads and environments is measured, allowing
for fine-tuning to improve model resilience and ensure it can handle a range
of real-world situations.

22
4.5.2. System Validation and Accuracy Assessment:

 Accuracy assessment involves comparing predicted values with actual

energy consumption data. This comparison is repeated across time intervals
to ensure consistency, with Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean
Square Error (RMSE) used as key indicators of prediction accuracy.
 Validation helps detect discrepancies and refine the model, with periodic
updates improving long-term reliability and the overall effectiveness of
energy management.

4.5.3. Performance Optimization:

 Based on testing and validation feedback, the model undergoes continuous

refinement. This can include adjustments to the neural network layers,
feature selection process, or sensor calibration to further enhance
performance.
 Performance monitoring on Jetson Nano is also crucial, ensuring that the
model not only meets prediction accuracy but also remains energy-efficient,
minimizing its own power consumption while optimizing that of the
connected devices.

23
 CHAPTER 5

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

5.1 RESULT:
To develop an energy prediction system using a CNN-LSTM model on a Jetson
Nano with data gathered by an Arduino, we can follow a structured approach to achieve
real-time energy monitoring for IoT applications. The Arduino board is connected to energy
sensors, such as those for current or voltage, which collect raw data that is then transmitted
to the Jetson Nano for processing. The CNN component in the model extracts important
patterns from this time-series data, while the LSTM component identifies and learns
longer-term dependencies, enhancing the model's accuracy for energy prediction.

5.1 Result

24
 5.2 Result

Training the model initially on a high-performance machine helps bypass the Jetson
Nano’s limitations, after which the model can be optimized and deployed using TensorRT
on the Jetson Nano. This setup enables real-time inference and monitoring, creating a
continuous energy prediction loop. By measuring accuracy with metrics like Mean
Absolute Error (MAE) and comparing with simpler models, the system’s effectiveness is
validated. This combined setup of Arduino and Jetson Nano is ideal for predictive energy
management in IoT environments, bringing efficient, real-time insights into
energy usage patterns.

25
5.2 DISCUSSION:

5.2.1 Important Findings:

The energy prediction system developed using a neural network model on the Jetson
Nano and Arduino platform has demonstrated significant improvements in forecasting
energy consumption patterns. The model leverages the computational power of the Jetson
Nano for real-time processing and the data acquisition capabilities of Arduino to collect
energy-related metrics. Compared to traditional prediction systems, this integrated
approach has shown an enhanced ability to predict energy usage with higher accuracy and
efficiency. The system's real-time capabilities allow for dynamic energy management,
enabling more optimized energy consumption strategies. Furthermore, the hybrid
architecture—combining the low-power Arduino with the GPU-accelerated Jetson Nano—
offers an ideal balance between performance and power efficiency. These improvements
contribute to energy savings, reduced operational costs, and better decision-making in
energy management.

5.2.2 Comparison with Related Works:

The proposed energy prediction system outperforms several conventional models in both
prediction accuracy and processing speed. Unlike rule-based or statistical methods that rely
on predefined models, the neural network-based approach learns from historical data to
make real-time predictions, resulting in a more adaptive and precise system. Additionally,
integrating the Jetson Nano allows for faster computation, compared to using a purely
microcontroller-based solution. While some existing systems may rely solely on cloud
processing or higher-end computing devices, this hybrid setup optimizes both local
processing and real-time monitoring, offering a unique advantage in terms of both accuracy
and energy consumption.

5.2.3 Significance, Strengths, Limitations:

26
 5.2.3.1 Significance:

 Energy Optimization: The system provides a practical solution for predicting

energy usage, allowing users to optimize their energy consumption and reduce
unnecessary waste.
 Real-Time Monitoring: Real-time predictions enable dynamic control over
energy management systems, offering immediate feedback and adjustments to
reduce energy consumption.
 Cost Efficiency: By accurately predicting energy consumption patterns, the
system contributes to significant cost savings, both in residential and industrial
energy use.

5.2.3.2 Strengths:

 Accurate Predictions: Neural networks, through their training on historical data,

provide highly accurate predictions, adapting to changes in energy consumption
behavior.
 Low-Power Operation: The combination of Jetson Nano and Arduino offers a
low-power solution that can operate effectively in environments with limited
power availability, making it suitable for remote or off-grid locations.
 Scalable and Flexible: The system is highly adaptable, capable of scaling from
small home-based applications to larger industrial energy management systems.
 Cost-Effective: Leveraging affordable hardware like the Jetson Nano and Arduino
reduces the upfront costs of energy prediction systems, making it accessible to a
broader audience.

27
5.2.3.3 Limitations:

 Data Quality: The performance of the neural network is highly dependent on the
quality and variety of the training data. Poor or insufficient data can lead to
inaccurate predictions.
 Complexity of Training: Neural networks require extensive training with a
significant amount of data, which may require substantial computational resources
and time, especially when dealing with complex energy consumption patterns.
 Hardware Dependency: While the system benefits from the Jetson Nano's
capabilities, it still relies on the processing power of the device. In cases where
extensive data processing or larger datasets are involved, the system may
experience performance limitations.
 Initial Setup Cost: While the system is cost-effective in the long term, the initial
setup, including data collection and labeling, may require a significant investment
in hardware and labor.

5.3 COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS:

5.3.1 Costs:

 Hardware Costs: While Jetson Nano and Arduino are relatively affordable
compared to more powerful computing systems, there are still costs associated
with purchasing the hardware and peripherals necessary for the setup (e.g.,
sensors, communication modules).
 Data Collection and Preprocessing: Significant resources are required to collect
and preprocess the data used for training the neural network. This includes sensor
installation, data cleaning, and labeling, which can add to the overall cost.
 Training Time and Computational Resources: Training the neural network may
require powerful computing resources, especially for larger datasets, which may
increase electricity costs and require time-intensive processing.

28
  System Integration and Maintenance: Integrating the system into an existing
energy management infrastructure and ensuring its continued performance over
time will require periodic maintenance and software updates.

5.3.2 Benefits:

 Energy Cost Reduction: By predicting and optimizing energy usage, the system
can help users significantly reduce their energy bills, particularly in large-scale
applications such as industrial plants or smart homes.
 Increased Efficiency: Real-time energy predictions allow for more efficient
energy usage, leading to reduced operational costs in both commercial and
residential settings.
 Sustainability: Optimized energy consumption directly contributes to
sustainability efforts, reducing carbon emissions by minimizing waste and
improving energy efficiency.
 Scalability: Once the system is set up and tested, it can easily be scaled for use in
multiple locations, offering long-term benefits across a broad range of
applications.
 Return on Investment (ROI): Over time, the savings from reduced energy costs
and optimized consumption can quickly offset the initial investment in hardware
and system setup. This results in a high ROI, especially for large-scale
deployments.

29
5.3.2 World Energy Consumption

30
 CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION FOR FUTURE WORK

6.1 Conclusion:

 In conclusion, the development of an Energy Prediction System utilizing CNN-

LSTM models on the Jetson Nano platform demonstrates a significant step forward
in sustainable energy management. By combining high-performance computational
power with real-time data acquisition from Arduino-based sensors, we have created
a robust system that delivers accurate predictions for both short- and long-term
energy consumption patterns. This capability supports proactive energy
management and efficient resource utilization, aligning with global sustainability
goals. The system’s ability to forecast energy demand precisely provides valuable
insights for applications in smart grids, industrial automation, and household energy
usage, highlighting its potential to transform energy management practices.
 The effectiveness of the CNN-LSTM architecture in capturing complex temporal
and spatial patterns has shown notable improvements in prediction accuracy over
traditional models, thus reinforcing its applicability in diverse energy environments.
As a cost-effective and scalable solution, this system empowers users to make
informed decisions that contribute to reduced carbon footprints and optimized
energy expenditure.

6.2 Suggestions for Future Work:

Future research in energy prediction could focus on enhancing model robustness

through advanced deep learning architectures, such as hybrid neural networks or ensemble
methods, which may capture even finer energy usage patterns. Incorporating a broader
range of data sources, such as environmental and operational variables, could improve
prediction accuracy and adaptability to different energy domains.

31
Collaboration with experts in energy management could provide a deeper understanding
of consumption trends, helping tailor models for specific applications. Additionally, real-
time monitoring enhancements using edge computing and integrating systems with
renewable energy sources could support adaptive, sustainable energy solutions. Exploring
the potential of remote sensing technologies, such as UAVs, could also extend the system’s
application to larger-scale energy monitoring projects, ensuring comprehensive coverage
and proactive management in high-energy demand sectors.

6.3 Summary of Contents:

In conclusion, the CNN-LSTM-based Energy Prediction System on Jetson Nano offers

a scalable solution for efficient energy management. Integrating Arduino sensors allows
for real-time data acquisition, enhancing the system's predictive accuracy. This setup
contributes to sustainable practices by enabling precise forecasting of energy consumption.
Further research may incorporate advanced deep learning architectures and diverse data
inputs, enabling tailored models for different applications. Future directions include edge
computing, renewable energy integration, and remote sensing for large-scale energy
monitoring, reinforcing the system’s role in supporting energy efficiency and reducing
environmental impact.

32
 REFERENCE

[1] A. Vaskuri, H. Baumgartner, P. Kärhä, G. Andor, and E. Ikonen, "Modeling the

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[2] J. Smith, P. Jones, "Energy Prediction using Neural Networks," IEEE Transactions on
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[8] Y. LeCun, Y. Bengio, and G. Hinton, "Deep learning," vol. 521, no. 7553, pp. 436-444,
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34
 APPENDICES

Coding:

DATASET:

DATA TRANING:

35
36
INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTION:

Member 1: AASHISH A S (7376211CS105)

o Led the development and implementation of the CNN-LSTM model.

Responsible for model training, validation, and performance optimization on
Jetson Nano.

Member 2: NISHAANTH R (7376212IT193)

o Managed hardware integration, including sensor setup and interfacing with
Arduino. Ensured seamless data transmission between Arduino and Jetson
Nano.

Member 3: SHARATH B (7376212IT229)

o Handled the design and implementation of the real-time monitoring interface.
Responsible for backend integration with the prediction model and data
visualization.

Member 4: SHRIPATHI S P (7376212IT232)

o Focused on data preprocessing and normalization. Developed the pipeline for
real-time data acquisition and processing on Jetson Nano.

37
Publication Certificate:

38
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