1720695820223_interpretion

Introduction
This paper dealing with interpretation in the intertestamental period there several points are
mention during Intertestamental period such as Septuagint, Philo Alexandria, Qumran and
Targum.
During the intertestamental period
1.1. The Septuagint
Septuagint is the most important of the early translations of the Hebrew Bible was made into
Greek. It was called Septuagint. And also, most of the scriptural quotations in the New
Testament are based on the Greek version rather than on the original Hebrew. 1 Because the 3rd
Century BCE, there was large Jewish community in Alexandria, Egypt, which by this time had
become a major center of Hellenistic civilization. Most jews participated active in the Hellenist
Community, so they lost their language to speak and read in Hebrew, the language of their
scriptures.2
2.The Qumran
Qumran the name given to the ruins of an Essence community of fanatic Jewish monastics on
the northwest coast of the Dead of Sea.3 The origin of the Essene movement and the origins of
the Qumran community are quite separate. This tradition flourished in Palestine towards the
end of the 3rd century and during the 2nd century BCE, and would continue its own development
up to the period of the revolt against Rome.4 They copied the Scriptures and wrote
commentaries on some of the Old Testament books. They were influence by allegorizing. In
the Qumran commentary on Habakuk 2:17. They wrote Lebanon stands here for the Communal
Council, and wild beast for the simple-minded Jews who carry out the Law.5
3.Philio of Alexandria
1
Norman K. Gottwald, The Hebrew Bible A Socio-Literary introduction, (U. S.A: Fortress Press,
1987),121.
2
Alan J. Hauser and Duane F. Watson, A History of Biblical Interpretation the Ancient Period, Vol.1,
(U.K. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company,2003),23.
3
David S. Dockery, Biblical Interpretation Then and Now, (U.S.A: Baker Book House,1992),190.
4
Florentino Garcia Martinez, The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated, (Netherland: Library of Congress
Cataloguing -in- publication,1992),223.
5
Roy B. Zuck, Interpretation A Practical guide to Discovering Biblical Truth, (Secunderabad: OM
Books,2014),32.
1
Philo Alexandria is the most important representative of Hellenistic Judaism according to his
true philosophy was presented by God to Israel through Moses when the Law was given on
Mount Sinai. This true philosophy was also given through different means, to other peoples.it
was given to the Greeks in their ancient philosophical heritage this Philo was argues are came
from the teachings of Moses.6
4.1. Targum
Targum in broad terms the word Targum means Translation or interpretation more specifically
it refers to Aramaic translations of the Old Testament. In rabbinic literature it often refers to
Aramaic are found in the Old Testament books of Ezra, Nehemiah and Daniel. The targum
developed from the synagogue practice of translating the Hebrew scriptures in Aramaic, for
the Aramaic speaking Jews.7
4.2. Targum Interpretation of the Text
Here clear example of what the targums do. Helped the people to understand the law, while the
people remained in their places. And they read the book from the law of God, with
interpretation, and they gave the sense, so that the people and gave the sense so that the people
understood the reading. Nehemiah.8:7-8.8
Palestinian Babylonian and Syrian Jews spoke Aramaic from the time of the Exile. the Hebrew
sacred books were read in synagogue services. Targum are the several written forms into which
these oral rendering was cast beginning early in the Christian era. The targums are
characterized by free interpretations that do not hesitate to expand or alter the original Hebrew
in order to expound a message. In the fifth century C.E. two Babylonian targums were standard
and made authoritative for general Jewish use Targum Onkelos of the Law and Tagum
Jonathan of the prophet.9
These two Targumim are mentioned in the Babylonian Talmud as targum Dilan Targum giving
them official status. In the synagogues of Talmudic times, Targum Onkelos was read
alternately with the Torah, verse by verse, and Targum Jonathan was read alternately with the
6
7
David S. Dockery, Biblical Interpretation Then and Now, (U.S.A: Baker Book House,1992),191.
8
9
Norman K. Gottwald, The Hebrew Bible A Socio-Literary introduction, (U. S.A: Fortress Press,
1987),123.
2
selection.10 The synagogue like the first Christian churches which met in homes, after the Exile
gradually develop into formal assemblies for instruction public worship and prayer
(Ezekiel8:1:20:1-3. They replaced the temple worship, which was now no longer possible for
the Jews who were scattered for beyond Palestine. Every town harboring a large number of
Jews in the Greco- Roman world of 300 BC -AD 300 had its synagogue for worship and
instruction in the law the prophets Lukek.4:16:30 these were the repositories of the Hebrew
scriptures and were among the first places the Christian gospel was proclaimed Acts 13:5-14.
The synagogue was the common institution in the Roman world.11
Conclusion
As discuss above the interpretation in the Intertestamental period firstly Septuagint is

signification of the early Hebrew text into Greek. And follows Qumran, Philo of Alexandria,
and Targum is Aramaic Translation of the Old Testament during 3rd century they use to
gathering in the synagogue and wordship, praying and also to instruction.
bibliography
Gottwald, Norman K. The Hebrew Bible A Socio-Literary introduction. U.S.A: Fortress
Press, 1987.
Dockery, David S. Biblical Interpretation Then and Now. U.S.A: Baker Book House,1992.
Hauser, Alan J. and Watson, Duane F. A History of Biblical Interpretation the Ancient Period,
Vol.1, William B. Eerdmans. U.K: Publishing Company,2003.
Unger, Merrill F. The Hodder Bible Handbook. London: Stoughton, 1984.
Garcia Martinez, Florentino. The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated. Netherland: Library of
Congress Cataloguing -in- publication,1992.
Zuck, Roy B. Interpretation A Practical guide to Discovering Biblical Truth. Secunderabad:
OM Books,2014.
Webliography
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targum -7-7-2024.
10
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targum -7-7-2024.
11
Merrill F Unger, and. The Hodder Bible Handbook. (London: Stoughton, 1984),358.

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Introduction

During the intertestamental period

1.1. The Septuagint

4.2. Targum Interpretation of the Text

As discuss above the interpretation in the Intertestamental period firstly Septuagint is

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