cCHAPTER 1 QUESTIONS

1. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION was the period of enlightenment in the fields

of mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry.
2. NICOLAUS COPERNICUS he presented the idea of thought experiment.
3. CHARLES DARWIN he published the book “The origin of species”.
4. SIGMUND FREUD he developed psychoanalysis.
5. 1565-1946 is when the colonial period starts and end.
6. SCIENCE EDUCATION deals with the development of people in science,
which is the heart of science, technology and society.
7. INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE is embedded in the daily life experiences of
young children as they grow up. They live and grow in a society where
the members of the community prominently practice indigenous
knowledge.
8. INDIGENOUS SCIENCE is part of the indigenous knowledge system
practiced by different groups of people and early civilization. It includes
complex arrays of knowledge, expertise, practices, and representations
that guide human societies in their enumerable interactions with the
natural milieu: agriculture, medicine, naming and explaining natural
phenomena and strategies for coping with changing environment.
9. LACCARINO he elaborated the idea of Indigenous Science by explaining
that science is a part of culture and how science is done largely depends
on the cultural practices of the people.
10. Scientific Revolution.
SCIENCE AS AN IDEA
SCIENCE AS AN INTELLECTUAL ACTIVITY
SCIENCE AS A BODY OF KNOWLEDGE
SCIENCE AS A PERSONAL AND SOCIAL ACTIVITY.

11. Cite at least 3 depictions of pre-colonial Filipinos.

WRITING SYSTEM
OWN BELEF SYSTEM
WEAPONS
12. Cite at least 3 contributions of the Spanish era.
REORGANIZATION OF THE BARRIOS
CATHOLICISM
MANILA ACAPULCO GALLEON TRADE

13. Cite at least 3 contributions of the American era.

CITY PLANNING
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
UNIVERSAL PUBLIC EDUCATION SYSTEM

14. What is the external and internal influences of the development

of science and technology in the Philippines.
INTERNAL: SURVIVAL, CULTURE, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
EXTERNAL: FOREIGN COLONIZERS, TRADE WITH FOREIGN COUNTRIES,
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC DEMANDS

15. 5 Contribution of science to nation building.

EDUCATION
HEALTHCARE
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
DEFENSE
INFRASTRUCTURE

16. Cite the four policies of NRCP.

17. 3 Aims of science education.
TEACHING SCIENCE
LEARNING SCIENCE
UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE

18. Give at least 5 science schools in the Philippines.

Philippine Science High School System (PSHSS)
Special Science Elementary Schools (SSES) Project
Manila Science High School (MSHS)
Central Visayan Institute Foundation
Quezon City Regional Science High School

19. 3 Examples of indigenous knowledge.

USING HERBAL MEDICINE
PRESERVING FOODS
BUILDING LOCAL IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
CHAPTER 2 QUESTIONS
STS QUESTIONS

1. EUDAIMONIA describe the pinnacle of happiness that is attainable by humans.

2. HUMAN FLOURISHING is an effort to achieve self-actualization and fulfillment within the context
of a larger community of individuals, each with the right to pursue his or her own such efforts.
3. VERIFICATION THEORY idea proposes that a discipline is science if it can be confirmed or
interpreted in the event of an alternative hypothesis being accepted. In that regard, said theory
gives premium to empiricism and only takes into account those results which are measurable and
experiments which are repeatable.
4. FALSIFICATION THEORY It does not promote ultimate adoption of one theory but instead
encourages research in order to determine which among the theories can stand the test of
falsification. The strongest one is that which is able to remain upheld amidst various tests, while
being able to make particularly risky predictions about the world.
5. SCIENCE AS A SOCIAL ENDEAVOR means the application of science on figuring out how the world
works.
6. GENERATION GAP is attributed mainly to the change brought about by technology.
7. BEFORE THE COMMON ERA used to refer to the years that came before the birth of Jesus Christ.
8. HOMO ERECTUS Tall and slender build. Appeared on the continent of Africa.
9. HOMO HABILIS They had a more upright posture and walked on two legs.
10. HOMO SAPIENS Created the “Composite Spear”. Used “Sinew” for weapon making, tie, and sew.
11. HOLOCENE EXTINCTION pertains to the ongoing extinction of several species-both flora and
fauna- due to human activity.
12. MARTIN HEIDEGGER He was able to expound on this point upon identifying that technology can
either be perceived as: purpose and means. He also said that technology must be understood as
a “way of revealing”.
13. BACKTRACK It means to go back or to retrace the past.
14. PLATO he says the task of understanding the things in the world runs parallel with the job of truly
getting into what will make the soul flourish.
15. ARISTOTLE he explain what the good is his definition be useful in our pursuit of the truth in
Nicomachean Ethics.
16. THE GOOD LIFE refers to a state of well- being and fulfillment that is enabled, enhanced, or
influenced by advancements in science and technology.
17. WORLD OF FORMS we are just copying the ideals of the real world.
18. WOLRD OF MATTER Things are changing and impermanent.
19. JOHN STUART MILL He declared the Greatest Happiness Principle by saying that an action is right
as far as it is maximizes the attainment of happiness for the greatest number of people.
20. TECNOLOGY came from the greek words technē and logos which means art and word,
respectively.
21. PAUL GOTTLIEB NIPKOW he is successful in his attempt to send images through wires with the aid
of a rotating metal disk (Nipkow disk) “Electric Telescope” - 18 lines of resolution.
22. ALAN ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL he is invent a new system of television by using the cathode ray tube
in addition to the mechanical scanner system.
 23. MARTIN COOPER he invent the Motorola DynaTAC 8000x in 1983.
24. CHARLES BABBAGE he designed the Analytical Engine. Released in June 1981 by the Osbourne
Computer Corporation, the Osborne 1 is considered to be the 1st true portable, full-featured
computer
25. TELEVISION mainly used as a platform for advertisements and information dissemination. > serves
as a recreational activity and good stress reliever to most families.
26. MOBILE PHONE primarily used for communication.
27. PERSONAL COMPUTR AND LAPTOP can be used to surf the Internet and communicate.
28. ROBOT is an actuated mechanism programmable in two or more axes with a degree of autonomy,
moving within its environment, to perform the intended task.
29. SERVICE ROBOT is a robot that performs useful tasks for humans or equipment excluding
industrial automation applications.
30. PARTIAL AUTONOMY active human-robot interaction.
31. FULL AUTONONY excludes active human-robot interaction.
32. PERSONAL SERVICE ROBOT is a service robot used for noncommercial task.
33. PROFESSIONAL SERVICE ROBOT is a service robot used for a commercial task, usually operated by
a properly trained operator.
34. ______ first country to develop service robots.

ENUMERATION

1. Different components of human flourishing (4).

Phronesis
Friendship
Wealth
Power
2. Two main theories of refining science (2).
Verification Theory
Falsification Theory
3. The human evolution (3).
Homo Habilis
Homo Erectus
Homo Sapiens
4. Discoveries during the paleolethic period (4).
Discovery of Metals
Clothing
Concept of Beauty
Ceremonies/Traditions/Religion
5. Problems that occurred during the common era (3).
Hunting
Formation of Communities
Lack of Resources
6. Aspect of reality according to Plato (2).
World of Forms
World of Matter
7. Roles played by these technological advancements (3).
Television
Mobile phones
Computer and laptops

8. Ethical Dilemmas faced by the advancement of technology (2).

Laziness

Unhealthy lifestyle

9. Types of Service Robots (2).

Professional service robot
Personal service robot

10. Ethical Dilemmas faced by robotics (4).

Safety
Autonomy
Emotions
Rights
CHAPTER 3 QUESTIONS
INFORMATION AGE
IDENTIFICATION

1. INFORMATION AGE a period starting in the last quarter of the 20 th century when information
became effortlessly accessible through publications and through the management of information
by computers and computer networks.
2. JAMES R. MESSENGER proposed the “Theory of Information Age in 1982”.
3. RICHARD WURMAN he introduced information anxiety.
4. ROBERT HARRIS he states the truths of information age.
5. JAMES R. MESSENGER he says that, the Information Age is a true new age based upon the
interconnection of computers via telecommunications, with these information systems operating
on both real-time and as-needed basis. Furthermore, the primary factors driving this new age
forward are convenience and user-friendliness which, in turn, will create user dependence.”
6. COMPUTER is an electronic device that stores and processes data (information).
7. LAPTOP these are portable computers that integrate the essentials of a desktop computer in a
battery.
8. PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANTS these are tightly integrated computers that usually have no
keyboards but rely on a touch screen for user input.
9. PERSONAL COMPUTER it is a single user instrument and were first known as microcomputers
since they were a complete computer that built on a smaller scale than the enormous system
operated by most businesses.
10. DESKTOP COMPUTER this type of computer will be set up in a permanent spot.
11. WEARABLE COMPUTER they involve materials that are usually integrated into cellphones,
watches and other small objects or places.
12. MAINFRAMES are huge computers that can fill an entire room.
13. SERVER refers to a computer that has been improved to provide network services to other
computers.
14. CLAUDE F. SHANNON an American mathematician who was considered as the “Father of
Information Theory”.
15. INTERNET is a worldwide system of interconnected networks that facilitate data transmission
among innumerable computers.
16. SERGEY BRIN & LARRY PAGE they built a research engine that listed results to reflect page
popularity when they determined that the most popular results to frequently be the most usable.

ENUMERATION

1. Cite at least 5 truths about information age.

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT AND SO IS YOUR BRAIN.
IDEAS ARE SEEN AS CONTROVERSIAL.
INFORMATION MUST COMPETE.
SELECTION IS A VIEWPOINT.
NEWER IS EQUATED AS TRUER.
 2. What is the 7 types of computers.
PERSONAL COMPUTER
DESKTOP COMPUTER
PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANT
LAPTOP
SERVER
MAINFRAMES
WEARABLE COMPUTER

3. 5 steps to check the reliability of web sources.

WHO IS THE AUTHOR OF THE ARTICLE/SITE.
WHO PUBLISHED THE SITE.
WHAT IS THE MAIN PURPOSE OF THE SITE.
WHO IS THE INTENDED AUDIENCE.
WHAT IS THE QUALITY OF INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THE WEBSITE.

Biodiversity and The Healthy Society

1. MASS EXTINCTION described as the disappearance of species at a rate of 1,000 faster than usual.
2. BIODIVERSITY is defined as the vast variety of life forms in the entire Earth.
3. MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM is composed of multiple similar cells, occur widely within the
eukaryotic tree of life, and a few of these evolved into more complex multicellular organisms
characterized by differential tissues and organs.
4. SINGLE-CELLED ORGANISM are bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses.
5. CHARLES DARWIN & ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE they state the basic concept of biodiversity loss.
6. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION according to this organization, biodiversity is a vital element of
a human being’s nutrition because of its influence on food production.
7. LACK OF BASIC NECESSITIES is a significant cause of human mortality.
8. CLIMATE CHANGE is likely to cause tremendous harm to the environment and human health, but
taking steps to drastically reduce greenhouse gases could have adverse consequences for global,
national, and local economies.
9. VULNERABLE SUBPOPULATION is a group of with an increased susceptibility to the adverse effects
of an environmental risk factor, due to their age, genetics, health, status, or some other condition.

10. What are the 2 types of organisms.

MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM
SINGLE-CELLED ORGANISM

11. What are the 5 threats to biodiversity.

HABITAT LOSS AND DESTRUCTION
ALTERATIONS IN ECOSYSTEM COMPOSITION
 OVER-EXPLOITATION
POLLUTION AND CONTAMINATION
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

12. What is the nutritional impact of biodiversity.

THE ECOSYSTEM
THE SPECIES IN THE ECOSYSTEM
THE GENETIC DIVERSITY WITHIN THE SPECIES

13. Cite at least 5 environmental-related illnesses.

CANCER
ASTHMA
DIABETES
OBESITY
MALARIA

14. Cite at least 4 public health strategies.

MANDATORY TREATMENT
VACCINATION
ISOLATION AND QUARANTINE
DISEASE SURVEILLANCE

GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS: SCIENCE, HEALTH AND POLITICS

1. ROSALIE ELLASUS he is a former overseas Filipino worker in Singapore turned farmer, attended
the Integrated Pest Management.
2. GENETIC ENGINEERING was coined by Jack Williamson (1951), author of the science fiction novel
Dragon’s Island (stable ford 2004). It is the deliberate manipulation of the organism’s genes, where
it may involve transfer of genes from another organism.
3. GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM (GMO) an “organism, either plant, animal, or
microorganism, in which the genetic material (DNA) has been altered in a way that does not occur
naturally by mating or natural recombination.
4. HUMANE GENOME PROJECT Mapping of human genes to provide framework for research and
studies in the field of medicine.
5. MUTATION OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ORGANISM modified bacteria and viruses may mutate
to become more resistant or virulent that may cause more dreadful diseases for human being.
6. CLONING is a technique scientists use to make exact genetic copies of living things.

7. Cite at least 5 Ethical issues concerning GMOs and genetic engineering.

POTENTIAL HARM TO HUMAN HEALTH
POTENTIAL DAMAGE TO THE ENVIRONMENT
EXCESSIVE CORPORATE DOMINANCE
UNNATURALNESS OF THE TECHNOLOGY
NEGATIVE IMPACT ON TRADITIONAL FARMING PRACTICE
 8. 6 roles of GMOs in the food and agricultural industries.
PEST RESISTANCE
VIRUS RESISTANCE
HERBICIDE TOLERANCE
FORTIFICATION
COSMETIC PRESERVATION
INCREASE GROWTH RATE

9. 6 GMOs in Non-Food Crops and Microorganism.

FLOWER PRODUCTION
PAPER PRODUCTION
PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTION
BIOREMEDIATION
ENZYME AND DRUG PRODUCTION
GMOS IN THE MEDICAL FIELD

10. Cite at least 5 benefits of GMOs.

HIGHER EFFICIENCY IN FARMING
INCREASE IN HARVEST
CONTROL IN FERTILITY
INCREASE IN FOOD PROCESSING
IMPROVEMENT OF DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS
NUTRIOTIONAL PHARMACEAUTICAL ENHANCEMENT

11. 4 potential risk of GMOs.

MORE ALLERGIC REACTIONS
RISK IN GENE FLOWS
Recombination of Virus and Bacteria to Produce New Pathogens
Nutritional Value GMOs can be less nutritious than natural varieties of the same food

12. 3 biosafety on GMOs.

The Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex)
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
International Trade Agreement on labeling of GM food and food product

GENE THERAPY
1. GENE THERAPY is a medical approach that treats or prevents disease by correcting the underlying
genetic problem.
2. ANC80 Is an improved gene therapy vector developed at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear which
enables the transfer of genes to the inaccessible outer hair cells when introduced into the cochlea.
3. VIRUSES are the most common type of vectors that have been genetically changed to carry normal
human DNA.
4. GERM-LINE GENE THERAPY involves the genetic modification of germ cells or the origin cells that
will pass the change on to the next generation.
5. SOMATICE GENE THERAPY involves the manipulation of genes in cells that will be helpful to the
patient but not inherited to the next generation.
6. STEM CELLS this cell has the characteristic to self-renew or multiply while maintaining the
potential to develop into other types of cells.
7. EMBRYONIC STEM CELL are derived from a four- or five-day old human embryo that is in blastocyst
phase of development.
8. SOMATIC STEM CELL exist throughout the body after embryonic development and are found
inside of different types of tissue.

9. 3 approaches to gene therapy.

Replacement of mutated gene that causes disease with a healthy copy of the gene.
Inactivation of a mutated gene that is functioning improperly.
Introducing a new gene into the body to help fight a disease.

10. 2 Types of gene therapy.

SOMATIC GENE THERAPY
GERM-LINE GENE THERAPY

11. 2 Sources of stem cells

EMBRYONIC STEM CELL
SOMATIC STEM CELL

12. Cite at least 1 ethical issue about gene therapy.

How can "good" and "bad" uses of gene therapy be distinguished?
NANO TECHNOLOGY

1. NANO TECHNOLOGY refers to the science, engineering, and technology conducted at the
nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers.
2. PROFESSOR NORIO TANIGUCHI coined the term nanotechnology.
3. RICHARD FEYNMAN talk about “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” during the American
physical society meeting at California.
4. ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE makes use of a mechanical probe that gathers information from
the surface of a material.
5. SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE enables scientists to view and manipulate nanoscale
particles, atoms, and small molecules.
6. ELECTRON MICROSCOPE utilizes a particle beam of electrons to light up a specimen and
develop a well-magnified image.
7. NANOMANUFACTURING refers to scaled-up, reliable, and cost effective manufacturing of
nanoscale materials, structures, devices and systems.
8. BOTTOM-UP FABRICATION manufactures products by building them up from atomic and
molecular scale components.
9. TOP-DOWN FABRICATION trims down large pieces of materials into nanoscale.
10. how small is a nanoscale?

11. 3 types of microscopes.

ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE
ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE

12. 2 fundamental approaches to nanomanufacturing.

TOP-DOWN FABRICATION
BOTTOM-UP FABRICATION

13. Cite at least 4 new approaches to the assembly of nanomaterials.

DIP PEN LITHOGRAPHY
NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY
SELF-ASSEMBLY
ROLL-TO-ROLL PROCESSING

14. 3 Distinct features of a nanoscale.

Scale at which much biology occurs.
Scale at which quantum effects dominate properties of materials.
Nanoscale materials have far larger surfaces areas than similar masses of larger-scale
materials.
15. Cite at least 5 countries that government funds for nanotechnology.
US NANOTECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
INDIA ( NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND EDUCATION FOUNDATION)
CHINA (NATIONAL CENTER FOR NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY)
AUSTRALIA (AUSTRALIAN OFFICE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY)

16. Cite at least 3 possible applications of nanotechnology in the Philippines. (SAME RA OG

ANSWER SA NANOTECH ROADMAP)
ENERGY
HEALTH AND MEDICINE
ENVIRONMENT
FOOD AGRICULTURE
ICT AND SEMICONDUCTORS