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    AIR__LP_VII (1)

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    AIR__LP_VII (1)

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    shargaur698
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    AIR__LP_VII (1)

    Uploaded by

    shargaur698

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    of 5

    CLASS VII - GEOGRAPHY

    AIR
    Instructions:
    1. Read the chapter ‘Air’.
    2. Write the content of the soft copy notes (written in black) in your notebook.
    3. Few diagrams and colorful pictures have been added to make the concepts clearer.
    Don’t copy them.

    Our earth is surrounded by a huge blanket of air called


    atmosphere. All living beings on this earth depend on the
    atmosphere for their survival. It provides us the air we breathe
    and protects us from the harmful effects of the sun’s rays.
    Without this blanket of protection, we would be baked alive by
    the heat of the sun during day and get frozen during night. So
    it is this mass of air that has made the temperature on the earth
    liveable.

    Q1 Why is CO2 called a Greenhouse gas?

    Ans - Carbon dioxide released in the atmosphere creates a green house effect by
    trapping the heat radiated from the earth. It is therefore called a greenhouse gas.

    Q2 What is Global Warming? State two important effects of Global Warming.

    Ans-

    ➢ When CO2 level in the atmosphere increases due to factory


    smoke or car fumes, the heat retained increases the
    temperature of the earth. This is called global warming.
    ➢ The rise in temperature causes the snow in coldest parts of
    the world to melt. As a result the sea level rises, causing
    floods in the coastal areas. There may be drastic changes in
    the climate of a place leading to extinction of some plants
    and animals in the long run.

    Q3 Explain the Composition of Atmosphere.

    Ans Nitrogen and oxygen are two gases which make up the bulk of the atmosphere.
    Carbon dioxide, helium, ozone, argon and hydrogen are found in lesser quantities.
    Apart from these gases, tiny dust particles are also present in the air.
    Q4 Why is Nitrogen important in the atmosphere?

    Ans- Plants need nitrogen for their survival. They cannot take nitrogen directly from
    the air. Bacteria that live in the soil and roots of some plants take nitrogen from the air
    and change its form so that plants can use it.

    Q5 How is CO2 important for the Plants?

    Ans- Green plants use carbon dioxide to make their food and release oxygen. Humans
    or animals release carbon dioxide. The amount of carbon dioxide released by humans or
    animals seems to be equal to the amount used by the plants which make a perfect
    balance.

    Q6 How does air circulation takes place in atmosphere?

    Ans- When air is heated, it expands, becomes lighter and goes up. Cold air is denser
    and heavy. That is why it tends to sink down. When hot air rises, cold air from
    surrounding area rushes there to fill in the gap. That is how air circulation takes place.

    Q 7 Name the layers of Atmosphere and explain them with the help of the
    diagram.

    Ans- Our atmosphere is divided


    into five layers starting from the
    earth’s surface. These are
    Troposphere, Stratosphere,
    Mesosphere, Thermosphere and
    Exosphere.

    Troposphere: This layer is the most


    important layer of the atmosphere.
    Its average height is 13 km. The air
    we breathe exists here. Almost all the
    weather phenomena like rainfall, fog
    and hailstorm occur in this layer.

    Stratosphere: Above the troposphere


    lies the stratosphere. It extends up to
    a height of 50 km. This layer is
    almost free from clouds and
    associated weather phenomenon, making conditions most ideal for flying airplanes.
    One important feature of stratosphere is that it contains a layer of ozone gas. We have
    just learnt how it protects us from the harmful effect of the sun rays.

    Mesosphere: This is the third layer of the atmosphere. It lies above the stratosphere. It
    extends up to the height of 80 km. Meteorites burn up in this layer on entering from the
    space.

    Thermosphere: In thermosphere temperature rises very rapidly with increasing height.


    Ionosphere is a part of this layer. It extends between 80-400 km. This layer helps in
    radio transmission. In fact, radio waves transmitted from the earth are reflected back to
    the earth by this layer.

    Exosphere: The upper most layer of the atmosphere is known as exosphere. This layer
    has very thin air. Light gases like helium and hydrogen float into the space from here.

    Q8 What is the major difference between Weather and Climate?

    Ans- Weather is this hour-to-hour, day to day condition of the atmosphere. A hot or
    humid weather may make one irritable. A pleasant, breezy weather may make one
    cheerful and even plan for an outing. Weather can change dramatically from day to
    day. However, the average weather condition of a place for a longer period of time
    represents the climate of a place.

    Q9 Define the terms: 1) Temperature

    2) Insolation

    3) Air Pressure

    Ans-

    ➢ Temperature- The degree of hotness and coldness of the air is known as


    temperature.
    ➢ Insolation- Insolation is the incoming solar energy intercepted by the earth.
    ➢ Air Pressure - Air pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by the weight of air
    on the earth’s surface. As we go up the layers of atmosphere, the pressure falls
    rapidly.

    Q 10 ‘Temperature in cities is much higher than that of villages’. Give reason.

    Ans- The concrete and metals in buildings and the asphalt of roads
    get heated up during the day. This heat is released during the night.
    Q 11 Why do the Astronauts wear special suits when they go in space?

    Ans- Astronauts have to wear special protective space suits filled with air when they
    go to the moon. If they did not wear these space suits, the counter pressure exerted by
    the body of the astronauts would make the blood vessels burst. The astronauts would
    bleed.

    Q 12 What is a wind? Write and explain the three types of


    winds.

    Ans-

    ➢ The movement of air from high pressure area to low


    pressure areas is called wind.
    ➢ Winds can be broadly divided into three types.

    1. Permanent winds – The trade winds, westerlies and easterlies are the permanent
    winds. These blow constantly throughout the year in a particular direction.

    2. Seasonal winds – These winds change their direction in different seasons. For
    example monsoons in India.

    3. Local winds – These blow only during a particular period of the day or year in a
    small area. For example land and sea breeze. The hot and dry local wind of northern
    plains of India is called loo.

    Q 13 Explain the term Moisture and Humidity.

    Ans- When water evaporates from land and different water bodies, it becomes water
    vapour. Moisture in the air at any time is known as humidity.

    Q 14 What is rain? Write the importance of the rainfall?

    Ans-

    ➢ Precipitation that comes down to the earth in liquid


    form is called rain.
    ➢ Rainfall is very important for the survival of plants
    and animals. It brings fresh water to the earth’s
    surface. If rainfall is less – water scarcity and drought
    occur.

    Q 15 What are the different types of Rainfall?

    Ans- On the basis of mechanism, there are three types of rainfall:


    ➢ The Convectional rainfall
    ➢ The Orographic rainfall
    ➢ The Cyclonic rainfall.

    Q 16 Explain the three types of rainfall with the help of the diagram.

    Ans- The Convectional Rainfall- Convectional rainfall


    occurs when the energy of the sun heats the surface of
    the Earth, causing water to evaporate to form water
    vapour. When the land heats up, it warms the air above
    it. As the air rises, it cools and condenses. This process
    of condensation forms clouds high in the atmosphere.

    The Orographic Rainfall- Orographic rainfall


    occurs when rain bearing winds strike against the
    mountains and result in precipitation on the windward
    side of the mountains. In India, rainfall is orographic in
    nature as heavy rains occur on the windward slopes of
    the Western Ghats and scanty rainfall on the leeward
    side.

    The Cyclonic Rainfall- This type of rainfall occurs when


    warm and cold air meets each other. Since warm air is
    lighter, it rises above the cold air. The rising air is then
    cooled beyond the saturation point resultingin heavy
    rainfall. Rainfall is very heavy in the tropical cyclones.

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