GENERAL Ueçalc CHEMISTEYÍ G0C kR

Electrondsplacenent effeets: min: 39

empova €Hect
resence
Thes eftet poss f ble ony +he

Reagent
fa tter nal
foe, electro merfe effet
ettect
Oin ductfue
Pexmanent omesomente ) Resoanee
effect
effect

+ypes Conjgatien

tornoyttc fiiom
E A
+ A
Bond ft ssfo (free vadfcals)
sleae

unee al
teeroyttc cdeavage 1ead
u
i0lee
Ea B ues,
AB
€
ofEnegy = >€1
Orde
Resonance /longgoden Delocallsatien t

:0 C=0: -C=0:

0
Io al the structuhe 1
Skeleton ust be Same (o-c-)
emoing Sarme
charge
None hesonane shructe ?ndfcates Ongin alstruckae
Cactual shructe)
 Resonante yid ?ndicates Aal StUCne (3)

Stutwe shuctcne Ohe

C
alle
The Posoe
8tuctese J al these shuct ae
Structune (es) Resonante
fmagin any (et) hypo
hetkc al.

(6)RE E stuctuse
most stable Resonomce
(acttia)
tiyd
Re = txpesiment tea of
Theott cat Heat ef •Re =
T-e
tygenatson tychgenatien L

T-Totol

Stable Je Senance Stctues!

Rula for tdenkifng the
GhenIIt do S nains)
Repeaked'y
covalent Bonda

ith mere
nember
0 Contibutor,
Ys mene Sta ble.
Cowalentz Plbond)

(HaCH
C
-H
CHo= CH -CH =CH2 |-COvalent
2coolent
&atiskyeng the Detect rule
(ontibuto oith evesH lement
Stabe

-0:
6

Sepasation Les stable than,

(3) Contiouto uolth chag
uoitheut Se pasatiom, ie nan Pslah Stuctee
Contibute charge
than polar.

:0==0:
(I >II
 Le

mese
cluage &epasafien.

ta Ctl CH
- H = CH -C+ -C4
CHa
(T)
(I)
CH
ctcHC4 -CHa
CHA
-CH C# -cH =
CH
-CHa ()
(w
Caran aeion
SEase tte
n

faer re8enamee
eýLemen
negatie Chare on
Con more
tibutes
Rs mose sta ble.
e
Postive chasge en tes

=0

(I) (m)

lesssta ble
Slde by Sfde
yfng
Conhbet uith ike Chasges
0
cE CH
CH
o
CHy CH - N

(IT)
(1)

autt acued atom

Carbo aton / Calbonfum e Re Stable due to 4MJfect
(0nepalr fs

Can Stabi li se+ ie, tvely cliasge d el cam be

Sta biised by +'greup.
Can Sta bi i se _)
by
-veyehargea C stabitised
 ENLge
to Rule O
late
aloays pmelty 6ien
7rele
Aotatty> O,3)
decrearing otde,
Ca nonfeal shruteaes
Hae
resonamce
(onBubor, towards
H
H

H
D

CHg-.

CHa= N
N CHa
(B

4
CH CH -- ,GH cH= Ctta CH - -H

A B D

A>B>D>c

2CH -CH 2
CH
CH -CH=CH Ct -Ct

C CH
Ctl=
 - H
CH3,
CHJCH Ct =
C -o-tH
O-CtH 23 CHa rH -H R9-
CH E2- t= CHS+ -oCH3,

cHa

-CH-C #cH =CH - -

C42-cH

Note: Can Stabi CPSe

nis mean
( O) s stabiUsed by

( Bluo tleteroatoms (rr) ibond fs thee)

o H -

-CN

possible fer phen ef

Phenel, Hoo man reSonance Strete
eRdes fer these
pesibiibes.
So
te the Stabiuty

4
(i (
(1) (9 (D)

gthucthes S
> no
f Resonance

Stability :
 Any tM Greup, s pre sent en eetrp, Benene ving

(-o4
ifamy + m
Groeep s re sent en the henene#Ting

Conpound No-ef pgtructes

Senene

( napthalene

(3) phenanthacene

4
anthacene

apthef
-napthaide Pen

ot

B-napthide on
 Pyrictinim
e

be
6
6
 Soleuth exn!

no-ef RS 4

) o-napthonfoe Pon
(6)
-
napheide iont

Stabiity: A=B

Promate Ring

A>B =C
 CH OH
CH

C-c (bl);

NH

deubfe he Rcharate by bnidisaben - Sp

Resonane,fhas bend
charactes,
much double
Due to too

CHgiig SIR effect

Resonane
Cit
gt f the
here
Pueto Str etet soYnace Re not
Re
That's ony
Plane
Possiele

Aromakc eing's Aromote Rng

Tnductiye Cteet
permanent effet,
the sfgma Ben d
dotsesene
dee fo the
dlsplacement 6f eo kakes place along te sigma bond
fntht eo's
 ToductHve efet s
(onidese d
upto 3d Canbon ater tuat
depe ds
n
lf3tane.
neggi ole,
e Dn ductve
+
+8+34 b+648

(-T Grou?)

Tnductive efeck

+Ieffet
- fefect
fe s electren oithndrauoing (roup
Gro up
Decesing erdes of +T"efet
Decveasing Grder of a'efeehng Groupt.
-ocacised elfe ct) > --eetocat
eyet)
>-cR3 >-CH R2-CH 2R>-CH
(mti (P- atkyf)
>-CN COoH (3'atkyl)(atuy)

C->-ph

(decreang oRde)
Wotdfng to onduetive efeuti
Acc to I' efet

(A
1

A>B

) --0- Ct3

seu

-CHa -Dtta
une eomtde
 -Coo

-Ct3 le>A

alk

Apettaens of In ducHve efect: (Aeid

Se 8etet coniguatten

Can tabie
Can estabiuse
u Ge
Can Stabi
se
Can estab

Casbonfern ion
(e) Cam btabtie

() Com destaise
CarbanQn (
cabnie (e°)
(64) 8tahise

destabilise Cabon ium

(94)
 CH3 Cal3 CH a 3

CeCHA
ace to -Ielect (Ldetab flses l4)
by the
thls can be eplabned
heasern thn etect

3p

no resanee cengptin
actual ta bilt

CarbaniGO
 detoeali sed
()
Han

uanîrm
Actial &tabiüty: B>A 8 2qufualone
4ere
possible
HN

Aedt sfrengeh sf Careoylt actds:

Sx0tt Coo H, CH3 CooH

() 4-0-H H

CH,C )
+I destabise
Stabtuty
ef cal benyie acid

Starittj:
> CHs-l-oH
Actdic
:
4-lou el

-COot
CH3CH 2

-
-F z
l6anc hrength amfneso
NH3

20

allet
Note Mesomele
neves ee
efet
depending s

-
he di stanee

a
a
pf bond and being
iH &
petmanent etet
na conjugahon oith eher p
bond 8) lØne patr.

4Mefet
(ponaking)

ConJeugaten blw
TPend aud Lpair:
one patr
the rep uo
Cch ton+ang
as
Ce
nal atom acts

C-OH >

+Ha

+é2
* Bredct's Rule
double bend
head Casben (tve) charge (os) '
etgut cahbens can enfst
Cant etst møe 4han
(O) double rond at Prioge head

(o)
()

(eR)

(3,, a)

(3,a, 1)

(8)

(3,2,3) G.a2)
0:

#
H
+M
cth
-Ct43

eo
demsity en tue benene
m
at
Due to tM

caeeed fo-p- directoss)

#ese,
Hese,
m
'group asi
ashect 'n the meta Posiborn.
Mesemesle etet neue e
no eo m

never be dependendng dlsfomee,

Mesoneste elfeet
de ngty gn bentene
ele cton
fnea
en otho amd psa equalty

De to
le Seane

CH

-Mreup )roup

Groupdeseares the eleehon den it Prentene n

deatvaleri,
M" leef s these Ony at otho amd pana hence
ne mes0 Mealc Qt mefa case,
effect
 A
(etrgtitemp Red alut

-M meta diretos

acldee lates!
CHaco0

pelai:

Cla
CH

OUH3

nomes Orneic +M
Skali y: +M
-I
-I reronanee
-I

e hawe eaual

destaUses tte Cone.

 CH

M
-M
-I
)

-I
A >C >0>B
A
D>C76 (oasyI eget
Nele
des
M>HC>Tnductie, Huis
alu ays, Mefect
eet deninated than
fes g'
al
Carbane lon:

NOa B> D>C>A

C

+M +M
-I
 Cenpeumd obtevahen
Re ef
entire Compd

ncieare
shructures mayt
6
6I 30-S
may
Cornpound

But Stabi itt of compound

deide d
byRe
30-3
3

phenanthaene

Pyeedine

Anahe eaLatess aso

tioolene derends Re
22
letee
Pgrrele Resno

furan.

Ipptcaton of Me Gomerte /Rename fet:

Ctt = CH

, uliele
To ataln e
stality 9cLns.
-
Ct 3) Beth side nene. of
He Side
 CH2

CHaCH

Stóe ?

,T-end migate wlll

10 Qttan tablEy Cupwasd)
e
2)rt
Ahemafe (6ne) 4n+

Arerna&le Conpund

abeul condi ions,

(onpsunds mst Contain nthe
O ne mese
ne net Po Lged
Au de tocallred
e atons planar compa,
Qny
ase h plae
(e) nesly plana)
Conjugason requtre d

t Satisfies 4tuekel's A Hese nstead ef

Rule e (tna)) Tes (4n+a) e tere,
Compeu@cds satfsy
Hese n = not no of n

nnteer (o,,2,34-)
n>(R3, 4,---)
Centoun no
Ring
\Spo caben fn
 , (ompeund
fneo,(orn
detocall se

) n3

>

Aioate zAen Asomati t tuti

( Ben ene Cyuo pentadienye nion

Corj=gaton
-tybispy
PRama

Pane
Aromattc
Aromac
Naptialene
Cyelo ttepta trienyl catien
Conj (T0pyium Caten)
planer
6reo
plame
Aomac Cony

Sp

l4e Pytdie ne (Cs HsN)

planev
Sp not n velue
Conj n DetotarfabO
4eO why? no. conjuga

|Aromatie 6TeO
fArenatie
4
planev @Pyssole. (CatsN)
(ongv
j4 e pane H H tt
Aromahe Coni

Cyuorvepne cason. nvelued

Conygahoi
Arnatic (m ttue
resnane
In
detocosahn:

Aromahc/
 sp
Conj
pane veQuiae
Cvacant
6ree tbita)
Aomattc Aromaic

Quln olne
conjv
plana (oTTew

4nne Plve
Arenatic

|Antironmate Dso ?ne ne

) Cyyclo Repeney anion. 10te

plama Sp
plane
4e0 Ayenatic
Conj

|Anti Aromatie Pyrimidine:

(13 Cyuopenta diencobion
plamer Conjv
v

4mee plane
nti
Hepbatieny anten: |onaic
(9yelo
conj (Q) Pypeatd ene:
JNon dtromatie
|Non hornahic
pustne:
Pyran
Sp? x
Nen trematid

honotic
Tm Pda ee :
dan
renium Catien
conj
24 în dele dnnulene (io:
Sp
(onj
ptona
|Aromatic
H
Congv
igenal hape) plama
Planv (ooking

Arenatic spt
I2ee
tenj
8) Annleneg.
Annlene 14]'
(ntt troin atie)
Annulene 6).

(Avomatic)
Amulene (8] I4e9
planar
Cenj
deloc
PlaneXylo
Octa tera ene
Ahrematic
Cyee
netene
Aulene

cAiomae
(3C®s,Tamg)
(cis)
sp
Ces)
nonplama Aen Atrnabc
l0ye@

Nenrmate 3f] to non dsornaie

s2nonAtOmatie
 dlanfen: Cylo outemyl decaten:
(99

6T eOv Spr
plane
Ceni
Aona
nbglie
Upruenkatror) Aomathic
Chysene;
18Te
Cyeto Octa ti- enyk dianie

Cenjv
Sp plane
1 ARomatic

32) PRcene
Sp

hematic Cenj
lamer
Aiomati
Troroleno:
6re
|hematic Aomatic

tulsenes fullehedenes:
(Aenpela) eso)
c
33 Non ernat
TfulLesdene
Aornatid ate
Penta NeN ARomatic!
(36)

(40
Hepta
AenaHc

#omah Antt
Ahematic
((4) (46/
AADmatic

42 due Hyosd oAbrtals

to
Aomatic
dsemate Bternedrate
Cyelo penta diengdene aud C't
Cylottepéatienyldene

3 e Semance sh/
P.
|Sesonance str

Ihematic

Atomatic

(44) note?ge
Penta owo penta diengl anign:

P.
(49)
homate

1AomatiC

JAematic
 88
8-8 1
)

ae ense nt
bMO
s stable

yto pane Caio e

e's aRe these ?n
Hee
hen ce ?E
s
also stasle
bD
o
L3- ylo Buta- diene
1 Porama metiC
NBmo Due to peence
Bmo two aramt
v

4nes

npl

npl

npl|

npto
Gosgd (enfgaton:

euaroler
donaing abiity
Hee p on NHg Paltefeae ere
deveartd by-i
touoar ds tue atng
tng
h
ReSonanee NH
+M Han

oe

Hee tentinLes
tontrgoion Cenfugtien

raustten Stake ean, te ceutral aton atasne esonans,

CH =CHa Betth enhiit reseanee

atkgie) Seacivity

Ct
Ce et-Ctl
CHa
 yyns ae (faaitie) feastbte tooand:

Slocts
Captuses e'

pale yellow ppfl

)
pyeles
Agos

BidisEg ageut

ARonatic
Non donat'à
e)

cH3

(+
(mH2sa)
(pH =3)
X

Hast
(Pt =g) )
 Shneetwe
uolc eten an ce

-Ñ= 8: (hoatieity)

haue nLEe dpele mament?

c)

)
tastuty eRdes

(non) (ant?)
c)

( nonplana) (rtana)

e)
stabf ty:

NC
I
-M -M Here,o
Tmgenaleamar
Stabiity !
Here,

tus

díme

dornatic
?ntenmediate)
Unsfa ble

Atematie

Anles
n+a) re®
Go
tlss
=
Ant (ust alace oat
nule ne C47
go0m temp ne Cio
mnuleue (8 (hnele nen ahomatc
=Nen
Amnulene Annlene 4]
sknlene (6) Aiommatic
Ane ee le ne
Annuenáao)
Annud 24]
 annule ne toclst as dlrmeR at SOm temoe atuse.
l4]

|n6n Momatic

Aneelene [] (-aoPe) 20
Cam ege at 4ak'

(+m)

unta ble aceep

2P

Resenan se ktaoiuyi

M
stauty
(tane pa)
 ,CH,O

6)
Sfa: +M
-I

>fD> e > A
>de
tabi tity

A
Ahomotici ty
Res anee Lp volve ment |Yes

+3 Ct3.
(alkame) (c-c
atk ee (csc) t34 Ao

|8(C sc)
(aieyu

(C-c) (fhen2ene)
-S44°

Locet?
-M (lepe Gode )

Con jugatien / akes -Nathen

Pend
Re sonance)/ (6-)
eHect
a effeet Pnvolu es
the delo caUsahon
t ?'s permanent
Bon ded to ton oith
ef
(B) free sadical
toe alkene (ey: casocaie
Unshred p
bi

sed alt:
rvever Cartbani on
oePossible

C# CH
Ct-C

H
eCH-CH2
 ho
ef -3

akene no ef
alkene
no e HC Shuc,
HC She

(HCH

l3 Cu nene

eHa CH 2

(4
 Teulene

H--H

noof +e shrutures

ce
4he ntsal
Sete lome palr
Even though
tho and ar
actvates the ng
atom it g
Positons n +he
Be n2ene
honce-(H 3roup

efeching reuo due o

Canbo cabans.
the &asity osdes of he
CHa

+M Che) (+M (hc)

lnsues!

Peosen! Stabiuse pOfe

StabiGe
StabilI3e
+pon Conjugaten n
(Cara onium () carDcohes)

H
H
C (2)

Vatant
P-eRba)
2

no-of « HH 3)

Casbocaiern noef Hcstru Carbo caH en HC Shuc

((Ct3) 2et),
(Rsopvop)

CHa
3

Cel3 -CH - Ctt3

CH3 – -cH3
CH

c
(Ct5)

6
 nytn ingree adit al

P-04btal

Pitol

H•

noef -H 3,

noefc stu
CHy - cH

cH3 -cH -cH3

CHy
 Reverse thyoes
Conjugation
tyoen Conjugaton

eHect
look ike +M RH took uke a
HO
ke;
-H H-
look ike -M
QethVates te ing (-f
Orho- pasq d'reto
he
it stabilise
she
(Reverge Hc)
de achvaina
me the no
HC Shhu Geatiate tue hente ne )
mere ts ne (onepair ) rond
Stabtitg i trong deacivater
henee

Ce3meta dir des

lectro meric effeet!

es Hhe delocalisabio ot
IE is atem perar4 etteet inoefu
addea
ohich t akes plaee eny LOhenaeagent
.
mutipte bond
Omd this effet ges vanished ohen the eagent
 cH3

s added to that .car bon

ifue eagent
u electrens migate d
ls cated -eeeet)

the heee mgated

E teut
eagent 8 added
Canbo
4the eagt Rs added to that T7e
HhalC anber ohese +he
T e miziated
ohere migate d tosds Pt
Gtablete=
Ct + tt
CH- Ct)-
CN

c#O -CH)-C4
C40

Reacten mtenmed'ates

B
(product)
(reactamt)

di
bte ates|
 TS 8tate
no-ef rans fHen
no-of peaks
(noof TS) -
diates
nof inteme

RKn conndtnales
intemediate
to heGAeaget s Baly to tao stahititt

TR
Snegyondel;

Rx) CooAd ianates

ase +e
o
ntemedates:

Carboniu
m
ien (Os) Corbo cahen
(0
e
Cabani

Carber free sa dical

witrene
) Cas be ne

(Carbon Catln)
) Casbentum fon
Pure
(Perbi tal)

sp (ngonl plana
&
3t fs posiHveuj eharged species (1unit)
 Sentet tonkquahon
acts as le aepto )

Unpal d
e0 so t hes
thes damgnette chasate
electro puile

Fosmatone) Genenason:

ability oy Canb tafto tomaton s taster.

the
CleoAage
tetro ytie

G
from alky halldes :
rew's ad.

ce
CH3

cH3

CH

No caboeatton tom p
 from alchohole i
Ctl2
CHa-oH
stabilled
Yesonance

!
Fyom alkene

DH+ -H3 e(stalbley

cafon
s feamed.
) ohtehf the fotmuing Yea chons carbo

t3
Cone Ha SD4
ph
D#+
) CH3
oH Pa badeaoing
g1eup

Re sorance /
-H+
leowing Gu

+
agTIyetouo)
(#s sA, I) Res

+
O3

(otaite)
 -Hy0

cH

-0-Ctl2

Stabi tity

Agno,
(uocuite )
(Phomate )

D:
J:
+ Agee (alite)
Coggato)
ce n
Resona

dcid

Goos teactng upaloil'

Reaseon lBenyecaMbocation,
by 5 RSty'

Phenylcar becnton
 -
Cuce (cs--cu)
g-M
(
)desfaoise
(ttt Atornatic)

+0gelL

GÁRO
matic)
Att (H) destabilises

AgA003,

tabe ushen

Cemparedto iomaie
C CH2 cH)
X
(un ehORide) LCHa CH -CH |
HO by ResonaMee
Cua = cH- cH2
|itis Stabiised
tooeqivalent Sfuttaes
keye eatoride)

OH
 Me Hy carbo cato

?
0veilap
OancPng Resonanee e Bentibital

CH2

CH2

R'Stctiae

Resonanee tylond

seabiy ider of cabo cahons:

CH CHg-cH-cH3
CHa =cH

(3D>20y)
 Bu tlee deaeasin
) Aiange the fotleuing carbocahons
$tablity'

-cH3

CEs - CH
Cf3- c-cFa ef 3
-C-CE
1

T
T

3 CF3 -CH
+M

HC

sedic)

C>B>osA

RX
HC= 6 Hrguy
HC=3
unsta ble
 (T) (tr)

ctytH -CH1 -H-0-CH3

CHgcH
(uc- 4) (+M)
~CH7-0-Ctt3

(Anti Aomate )

CH2

stabiutyt

o-c) +M
I +M
-I

+M B>DC>A
+M H

-I
-I
-M
-M
-CN)

C
-M
-M A> DB
M4IO
 CH, ft

4M (hc) +M
+M ene) 4M (a) tM(n) 4Mi) (Reson
+1
+

+I

Ronuangemunt Rentent:
Meeratn eeam ongemtnt ) Rearrangement
( agnen/ takesplae

Shift)

1,2 #ydi de Shift

CH3

CH3

1 Ctt
HyC
)

Dronsiton sfae
CH3

cH3
u-8.
(Hea3)

CH -ph cH

CH
c3
en
CH C+l3
 Ct3

-C-H

CH3

4ere leubon sJS goup mate,

pheny m0cp migate
nenee, Mamsed
nsitson 8tate
Mee
e denity feup en banitso

Demogey' Reniangement:

methy 3
I2 shif H2-
(HC-6)

Re Sabte Can botaion)

Six membered er

,cH3
 + &_ +C mine)
-cH=tt (mine)

Ct3 metayshitt)
(w2
Cty
H-cH
4+ .cH3 Ct3

(mast st able)
(Gtante)

q+3_ - cuts.

3
cs
) on the foqmahon e stace oodaets heo
m
amy intemed ae there ?

Mechanig:

no efintenme iates Q

?
mafoa roduet
) fndHhe noe ntesme dhate

Mechanm! CHa

Aelatuel
umstable
Je
3° (tuere

noofintes med tates 3

calbocaten Seassangoments

1,a tydide (te)

Ct3

(Ye)

12 Hydaide (Yes)

(yoo
 Mamy nteméd here
oduels heo
stae
MeehanigN:
4T

me diatess Q
No
efnten
?
mafs dut
mo
formatton Bf
9) fndHe noel ntesme dtates nth
cHa
Mchanm
H20
4
6 delatHly
umstabe

3° (theie

mare tabe

= 3
norefintes med tates

Casbocaton e05hngoments

,a cHs (Yes)
Ct3

I:2 mehy
-Cat3
(Ye)

12 Hytide (Yes)
H3 -tH-cH2 EHO
(ye
(uah?)
 Ctt3-0CH2

(No) -H -CH3

,2 metye

No

p;imet (ye)

No

(Dancing nesenance)
(Yes)

Cabanie:

rivalent
tne unit-ve
ne unt tve .ag vsheu 8e Qtet confhguiation)

AJucleo plille
lectrophi Ue upe° aiamagethe
up-eO. diamagnetHe
Senalg Sp3
CaNbanien involves
sp°,onal plana Pysamidal
 casibami
Yemaag

Pyamidaf

(pyamida
sps

Butn 8ome &pec lal Cares.

cOsin Confugaton

'sp

Carbaniorn nusloes sp hyidi3ah

Trigoraiplanaa.

pse p

purepelbi tal Blbital

(Tplaney

teivaher(e59enerakon of Canbamien:
tem a-Hydnogen:

Cta t

(CM)
(stasle )

Ct
CH

( Ct2
4 ot

rom actve metaylene

by
CH two-M

()
e-cH3
Ct3 (m)

-CH 2 -0R
cH-0-R
Ct3
D
-c-CH -C.-0-R
(V)

ef conjugate oaye:
Sta biity

Rs mae Stable then mre Aetdic

if eonf base

Adic:

03
-e
(+m
 trom temtnal ye:
Re
dxn's
R-c=
+10#3
NaNH R-c
Sp Sosara) |8-.inad eagen)
+ RH (auleae)
R- CcOmgx
-4 -) mot auid iC ( Toleseagent)
@gnostHao#)
(oute ppPt)

Red Ppt

of Can baniens:
URdes e ta ity
ccR
V #cc
-a--H
atve meteesene

Ct Ct -CH
Ph, c
 (41)

(aesonante)

CH,O
cH

case J: -M
-M
-M(NON,
-c Fs )
+M
fM
-I
TB>c>o>A

Casti): (-I4M)

>D
M(He
+M HH) Ac
Caseri) tM CH) +

Case Cv)* (4)

|33

seskangle

ene.
t3 yelo Butadf
ree radfcal i

(ope=|)
Heotet eonfga hon)
e
dehetent B pe tes (?t have
94k
electoele
(eluatgeley specter)

goes sp hyb
Qenuaty Carben free eadcal unde
yb:
ree un der go Sp hyb
m
soYme cases y
carbon ad ie al

CH3

Cs)
togo

Fryamidal
H

Sg,splena peyarmiaal)

Aas ity ordea ef vaie free adicts:

Go c
&ovme Gde

(auylfnea tadfeal)

3°>
 ad:cle
yeneation e{omato of free

free adicals ase 9emerated

9eneiatty f

tatogenabom of alkanes
()
h
CHae (

h
itiaher

@ chairn H
erepagator

(3) cuafrn
teatien ?

dimeie CH3 eH 3 y ast)

ph
Ph ph C ph

mueh sterC
Ph
Ph-eT-ph
weak
-too
Wndeance
P bgn Ph
Ph
 C
|PrepalleLshucterey

(MG) t1) (co)

• Cat bon
eadtcal ()
Redalnt!
Group
Cenfugaton CtM,-M)
Q0-CH3
Cet

Cta CH - CH 2

RV

(
<Genesaliy
C42
-Teteut delreares

Canbene
(c:)
tnochasge)
dfualen &peetes
ConAguation) 23
n ushet So. Chetet
•edefrorent speues, eleetroue
eleetro phf le
 Cavbene

Gased on sptnmultpteiy -2zs+)

Stnglat Caatbene PapietCbene

gound TripletCoabene
State) (sp)
sp2
11
||1

COlaene

Where

Pure ab?tal
H
Cabene
these oale Bording
elsts SM> a(+)+! P

tHere J
|6m =3
hape! •Here, Sm=3
dfamagnetHe Peen t() ngua yb:|sel
Pamagnahe
• Para magnetre

Noke:
(e ststese)
R mee sta ble ttham atnglt.
tilet cashene
Cahene
tuoo e o
ae the e Sme arbital

nepulien lbs ee
e 4
fs unsta blo.
diffeunt
te tuoo
due to
tuoe's ane ee
ueeas, et canbene
ons
Sfa ble
eRRLao hene, seplsi
 y
Crmpage the stab

C) ()

:CHa +N

Pelyis
e d 0
Methane:

By dehy d so hangernabon frorm gentnal carbon!

buto de
CH3-ce te- bu
Shogae

.
CH
CH3-c-OH
 tBuD

t-auok

( dreateo Cauhene)

k
f-6uo

Reacten ugitlh (as.lbene'

deeble bend

CHa CHa
(Homodeqage)
 dditm Ca bene to kene (CureH >CH-CHa

1CHa
(H3 Ct3

(cis) Ccts)

H3
LCenfomah.
Spin
rans (C-c Bond
(Tran) Ctt3
hotaHon

Ct3

CS
AKene
(Cts)
Cis
Trielet cabon
+5rns
nget,
Trams
Akene
(Trans)
cs + Tans
TipletCabon
Nt hrene (R-N:)
Cuangele
Neb al
mono alent
neleules
e {n vshel e de ficde nt
(sextet coniguatefon)

Leuofs Ac?d

elects oplufle

Nithene

Ritrene Tiptet Nehrene

SM >, (S=o) SM3 CS=)

2P 2P 2Pa

sp

up-o domagnetic
oith
nbene
tabityaud propettes
of

Carbee.

enyhei (GH4)
(
 sp
al!
Aornatc
romate
6rtee
deiocatsed me: 6teo
tpeased ee Rt e st as dines.
unta he
Stabte

DBEC)DU

formaben ef Poen 2y0e:

-NHS
SBare

Ruageni

les
nuele ophi
 electophites nulleopileg
0 lebon 0ufng seece nuclews lou th Speees,
(€®)
leuois Ae
edy
eleehop tes
Sares
posftvey chahged speies
Mgt 2 nt
Cat2, At3,
oetect ule
Cut meleele usilel
Nleltrol mole cetle:
P, on Cenbau atm
mole)
oLtect (te e aefdent
les than -cule

:N 0:

contans Thond bus

!
Aidic
element have sectet
6) lement?
Con fguaton Ct 2
0, S, &e, Te
j pl bond present
(6 moleeeles
heteso atorns
blas

even ectect tu
tnoga Ptuiolates
y slecle contatntng vacan E

d-biEal
ulle
0) 1 lectru pli?
e
and wueleo
denttty

D) CH4
nne
2) ceAnone o
tne
(2) NH4t

(Q3)

() R-c,
 Q+ b
a

4 bed

Stabt lityt

tooeuloalent lesoMame
tnutures

Qutnot equtalent

C-t Bonds hatrg hge eond

Ct3

(g)

tantby:T0

symmethical
 = CH
CH3 -cH
4C-0

C=c

H C= 12

stabity

Gonealy taili
of
alkere
ydiegena

bamity of alkene

Note:

43ta SH = -3v236 kcay (epeeted)

no of Car bens
CD>

Mabilaty of ee sadiele

-I

R
R R
RX
ue to Teeet
 CHLCHL
CH3-cH-cH2
CH2 -C+
OH f-

H2

CHa-cHa-N0 CHa- NO

,CH CH2

CH >

Aeldic

&tarsiy