Mole concept At Sip n

=
reaction

elementt
i moles

%
Basics mass=
mas
Average molar
Total moles

Oman no of = z
proton
calculate
in form] & if not mentioned in compound mass% in molecule
-
-electroniz [only neutral
moley
A - Z natural abundances mole
11-neutron e
-
= =

-
H =
Gg8
isotopes + no
of proton same E E F .
&M F .

n(Shell no .
)
isotones +
no of neutron same
Na = 15225235 M F + exact number of atom

isoelections +
no of electron same EF+ simples
+ ration
vacecices ell :
3
Subshell =
5
>
isodiaphers
-

A-27 same
si = 1525" 2p3syph M F .
=
CE- #) ↑R
of M F
n = Molar mass .

Isobars -
mass no Same V 5 = 4
Ef
of
.

Molar mass
.

Sp T
subshell
gain of zeo ,
Relative density
-
>
-
3 R D = DensityOf I G
A
+
A
.
.

O .
N = 0 0 .
NE3 Density of any substances
D Density
V .
=
of I . G

element -
Oxidation number >
-

OF is most electro-ve 0 N . =

Density of
,
H2
②HON = + 1
, 0 , MMmix
Meas V D
V .
D =
.
:

generally
2
=
&
-

0 0 . N = + 2 ,
+ 1 ,
0, -1/25-12

& 32 element maximum oxdr out

stoichiometry
show Fami it maxi & satal oxd" no

& o N .
max atrt at utal
time peroxy linkage
present

balancing reaction

NA = 6 .
023x102]

H =
given mass (9) excess reagent :
substance present in excell
n= ive
mass Is a mus
molar mass (amy
limiting reagent-11-in limited
min
& balance ux" calculate mules -> divide moles +
value = 1 P
No of Molecules = n x NA >
-
.

with stoichiometric
coelt
Im3LylatME 760 mm o
Density
RT
= 760 + or r
percentage yield :

10132x + 0549 Actua most yo

100 m
=

im2 = bar
= 1
Theoretical
1m3 = 100 mL

Relative atomic masl

scale
1) carbon
RAM =
mass of of element
Moles one atom

↓ X mass of one atom C-12 isotope

mass charge
charge of 1 Mole =
1 .
6 x10 9 xNA 12
e .
9 1x10-3) -
1 .
6x1519 = 96500(
Faraday RAM =
NO .
of nUCleois (n + D
P 1 :
67x1027 1 .
6x109 -I

ed if 2) Hydro oxygen scale

charge n
of more en scale
=
il
1 .
67x1527 g

& in atomst one type of mole atom

f
gram am >
-
mass of 1 mole Principle of atomic conservation
unit-gm
Standard Temp pressure
STP -
+
k(103 >
- k(1 02
A M > mass
-

of 1 Atom ↓ ↓
273k
>
-
Unite a mu
1 a+ m

v = 22 .
4
conserving Katom

amu-x
↓
NTP- normal temp pressure
↓ ↓ 1x RKCo
:
1x10
2501 I Dar
3 XMK(O =
exnO2 -conserving OL
I bar = 1a + m

Average atomir mass if B

Molarity =
N
solute -
10 "B
Y -- B20 8 8
solventse] * AlY 80X11
=
20x10 +

o
 Solutions lawy of equivalence

acc to this , equal equivalence of each

Molarity
+sounby
affected by temp will
reactant react as well as equal

equivalence of product will be produced

Molarity + solute
affected A+ B -
(+
not by tem
Wsolvent (kg) eq of B equt( eq ofR
ed of A = = =

Mole fraction- Of SUDs

Ads A + B + >
-
D + E
+ H
total moles molarity 0A R A

-
.

et( 27t
e of A +
ecfB = =
eqb
=

m me
Molecular A + B
-
= nj = C
salta B
f of
- =
-q of A = eq
2 + D
ny =
x

D
eq of C =
eq of =

eq of E
+
FeGOntnf 3
FesOu > n + = 1

/Ol,
-

=Wor1002
1) % /W %
Titration

=Woutc(4)
iii) % . VIV =
vol of solute
(M1) + 100 H) Strength solution of known concentration -
titrant

vol of sol Ima 1. primary titrant-reagents which can be accurately weighed & their

17M =
%
W/V x100
5) Normality = molarity x
nf solution needn't be standardised e g
.
. oxalic acid ,

M solute e
CUSOy HYDO solution , Monr salt etC .
"dsox10
106 % N/W
.

6) PPM : WSOlUte X
2) M =

1 .
2 secondary can't
Ms01u + titrant be accurately weighed
-

WSOLUTION I M
Solution consisting of substance to be estimated - titrate

titration ad basetitrator
is

IM = 1 molar solutionIN = Normal Im = imolal Types of

& M VI = M2 L NVENR &

2
titration
,
,
indometric u dobla
titration
4) 3) back

Redox reactions & Acid base titration -

equivalence balance
# oll acid base i

reaction balancing & Double titration

a
4 HPh as indicator

1-01) 0 N
.

of each 1) O . N 2 il
0 N
eq of HCl = eq Of NaOH
+
eqOFNazCO3
(ny > 1)
-

change in
COMPOUNand rea
2) total
.

4 indicator
O 3) cross multiply this change (reactant
Meot as

side
e of HC1 =
eq Of NaOH + eq Of NaH2o
+
eqfN
2) make 2 parts only
(n
++ 2)
by0f
one for oxa" C 4) balance other atoms
③ Todometric and iodimetric
Other for red 5) balance O by HLG

1) balance other atoms 6) balance If

CoH in basic
2 + OA >
-

F2 + ze
except 00 H

#05 + 51 GHT 3HzO

+ > +
-

312
4) balance O by adding tho
+ 2NazS203 > NazS4 % + 2

balanceHDY
#2
-

5)

balance by
u equiXili equity
6) charges
7) Add both part
St no
, of et remains sam Volum 1
Strength Of HOL

·
V = MX11 2 .

Equivalent concept = NX5 -

/

percentage labellin of oleum

400t strength
&Ig-WHRS
Equivalent wee ratio of ionic/atomic/molecular we to n-factor % >
-

Oleum

ny +
]
HzP0y +

H3POINT
important of
% Free son =
acidic + 3

i) MMO , Acidic , Mp't

>
-
Cr207

6
-

neutral
> cu
Determination of available CI

Crocic
- 2
+

iis b n Utre, No
CrO4
x
=
% available (1
>
> 6
-

3
-

DimWor
iii) Mnoy is Mon
55x
3
> I % In = .
-

1) factor of disproportionation
2
~uf =

Hi
-
H202 H20 + O2 ~
-2 =
nf

Ycin) =MI,
equivalence = NX
10. of