Lesson Planning

Traditional Teaching Style:
Many teachers in Pakistan have come to rely on the textbook for teaching. They come into
the
classroom, ask students to open the textbook on a certain page, have students read a
portion of
the text, paraphrase the same and then ask students to answer questions that require them
to
reproduce material from the text. They teach every subject (the exception being
mathematics)
and every lesson in the same way. In some cases, the teacher is unable to complete the
curriculum
or impart the SLOs for a particular grade to the students effectively. Using lesson plans
ensure
standardization in teaching quality and provides a clear goal with relevant activities that can
help students learn more effectively and achieve curriculum mile-stones.
What is a Lesson Plan?
A lesson plan is a description of the instructions for the purpose of teaching the contents of
the
textbook of a particular subject and achieving Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs).
A lesson plan is the road map for teachers for the achievement of SLOs effectively during
class
time. The teachers design appropriate learning activities and develop strategies to obtain
feedback on students’ learning. A carefully constructed lesson plan allows the teacher to
enter
the classroom with more confi-dence and maximizes the chance of having a meaningful
learning experience with the students.
A successful lesson plan addresses and integrates three key components:
◊ Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs).
◊ Learning activities.
◊ Assessment to check for students’ understanding.
Benefits of Lesson Planning
Most important benefits of lesson planning are to:
. Improve the quality of teaching and learning.
. Establish clarity of purpose.
. Facilitate achievement of student learning outcomes.
. Use available time effectively.
. Develop appropriate materials and ensure their effective use.
. Develop the confidence of teachers.
ii G R A D E 1
Development Process of a Lesson Plan
Lesson plan usually starts with a thinking process. This thinking process is basically
completed
in four parts.
. First, determine the SLO; that is, what the children will learn, what they will be able to do
upon completing the activities or work of the lesson.
. Second, determine what the students already know, before beginning of the lesson that
can lead into a new curriculum of the day.
. Third, determine at least one way to assist the students in learning the new curriculum.
. Fourth, determine a way to evaluate the learning outcomes of the students.
Components of a Lesson Plan
Common elements of lesson plans are; unit of study, a title/topic/problem, identification of
student learn-ing outcomes (SLOs), a sequence of learning activities including introductory,
developmental and conclud-ing activities, list of materials to be used and assessment
strategies.
◊ Choosing the Topic. You can choose any topic from the textbook of the designated
grade, a skill such as information gathering, a value such as peace, a current affair topic
or an area of special concern such as the environmental pollution etc.
◊ Identifying Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs) from the Curriculum. The
Curriculum
has identified the stu-dent learning outcomes to be achieved for each topic. Identifying
the student learning outcomes will help you to clarify the knowledge, skills, attitudes and
values to be developed. Choose only one to three SLOs to develop your lesson (many
more for a unit plan).
◊ Material Resources. A key part of planning is to ensure the identification, adaptation and
development of resources required for the lesson for both teachers and students.
. Development:
◊ Introductory Activities: Introductory activities are designed to introduce the topic, a
subtopic or establish connection with the previous lesson. They are designed to build
readiness, create interest, raise questions and explore what children already know
about the topic, recall relevant information, motivate students and focus their attention
on the topic/ theme/problem to be studied. Introductory activities can include an
arrangement of pictures and other times that stimulate interest and questions. Others
may be based on the teacher posing questions, reading a poem or story etc. A test, an
inventory, or a quiz may be used to find out what students know in order to build on their
existing knowledge.
◊ Developmental Activities: Developmental activities should emerge out of the
introductory
activities. There should be smooth transi-tions between the activities to provide
a smooth learning sequence. These activities are designed to actu-alize the student
learning outcomes. They introduce new concepts, skills and values or build on past
learn-ing and should be linked with each other. Applicative or demonstrative activities
extend learning and de-velop the ability to use concepts and skills. Creative and expressive
activities enrich learning and develop the ability to improvise and apply learning in
original ways.
◊ Concluding the lesson: Conclusion includes activities that serve to consolidate,
summarize,
or facilitate application of knowledge and skills of students to a new situation.
They are generally related to the main idea of the lesson. The concluding activities could
bring together the different main ideas of the unit. In this case, the emphasis should be
on the educational outcomes and not on “putting on a show”.
◊ Assessment of Learning. Assessment strategies can tell us how well or to what extent
G R A D E 1 iii
the student learning outcomes have been met. Assessment of learning is important in
all phases of the lesson/unit from intro-duction to conclusion. A variety of tools can be
used to assess the realization of the chosen learning out-comes. Some of these will be
prepared as part of the learning activities. For example, the drawing and la-beling of a
map, the checklist for evaluating a discussion or simply asking questions relevant to the
day’s topic. Other tools such as tests can be prepared ahead of time as well.
◊ Follow up/homework task. This component includes follow up activities or home
assignments
to be under-taken by students at home.

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