Yr11 Chem Sem2Exam 2017 Modified WATP
Yr11 Chem Sem2Exam 2017 Modified WATP
Yr11 Chem Sem2Exam 2017 Modified WATP
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CHEMISTRY
UNITS 1 & 2
2017
Name: _________________________________________________________________________________________
Teacher: ________________________________________________________________________________________
Section One:
Multiple-choice 25 25 50 /25 /25
Section Two:
Short answer 11 11 60 /76 /35
Section Three:
Extended 5 5 70 /93 /40
answer
/100
Instructions to candidates
Section One: Answer all questions on the separate Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided.
For each questions shade the box to indicate your answer. Use only a blue or
black pen to shade the boxes. If you make a mistake, place a cross through
that square then shade your new answer. Do not erase or use correction
fluid/tape. Marks will not be deducted for incorrect answers. No marks will be
given if more than one answer is completed for any question.
Sections Two and Three: Write your answers in this Question/Answer Booklet.
2. When calculating numerical answers, show your working or reasoning clearly. Express
numerical answers to the appropriate number of significant figures and include appropriate
units where applicable.
3. You must be careful to confine your responses to the specific questions asked and to follow
any instructions that are specific to a particular question.
4. Spare pages are included at the end of this booklet. They can be used for planning your
responses and/or as additional space if required to continue an answer.
Planning: If you use the spare pages for planning, indicate this clearly at the top of the
page.
Continuing an answer: If you need to use the space to continue an answer, indicate in
the original answer space where the answer is continued, i.e. give the page number. Fill
in the number of the question(s) that you are continuing to answer at the top of the page.
5. The Chemistry Data Book is not handed in with your Question/Answer Booklet.
Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
3
This section has 25 questions. Answer all questions on the separate Multiple-choice Answer Sheet
provided. For each question, shade the box to indicate your answer. Use only a blue or black pen
to shade the boxes. If you make a mistake, place a cross through that square then shade your new
answer. Do not erase or use correction fluid/tape. Marks will not be deducted for incorrect answers.
No marks will be given if more than one answer is completed for any question.
1. How many valence electrons (bonding and non-bonding) are present in the nitrate ion?
(a) 1
(b) 6
(c) 18
(d) 24
(a) (b)
O O O O O O
(c) (d)
O O O
O O O
4. Metal M reacts completely with HCl so that 1.00 mol of M produces 1.50 mol of H2 gas.
What would be the ionic charge on M ions?
(a) 1+
(b) 2+
(c) 3+
(d) 4+
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4 Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
5. In a furnace, coal can react with steam to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide, according
to the equation:
C(s) + H2O(g) → H2(g) + CO(g) ∆H = +130 kJ mol-1
From the following conditions, which would result in a higher reaction rate?
7. Which of the following compounds would decolorize bromine water fastest without a
catalyst?
(a) CH4
(b) C2H6
(c) C3H6
(d) C4H10
8. 1.25 g of NaCl is dissolved in 250 mL of water. What is the concentration of sodium ions in
the solution?
9. Water could be purified by a number of different processes. Which ones are most commonly
used in practice?
(i) Sedimentation (ii) Addition of fluoride ion (iii) Exposure to ultraviolet light
(iv) Addition of iodide ion (v) Addition of chlorine
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Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
5
11. 800
700
En
th 600
al 500
py
(kJ 400
)
300
200
100
Reaction progress
Referring to the enthalpy graph above for a reaction, which statements are both true?
(a) The forward reaction has an activation energy of 200 kJ and ∆H of +400 kJ
(b) The reverse reaction has an activation energy of 600 kJ and ∆H of +400 kJ
(c) The forward reaction has an activation energy of 600 kJ and ∆H of -400 kJ
(d) The reverse reaction has an activation energy of 200 kJ and ∆H of -400 kJ
12. When the salts of different metals are sprayed into a flame, different colours result. The
colour of the flame can be used to identify the metal salts.
These colours are produced because:
13. Ammonia is classified as a weak base, which means it is only partially ionised in solution.
What is the likely value for pH of a 0.010 mol L-1 solution of ammonia?
(a) 2
(b) 5
(c) 9
(d) 13
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6 Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
14. Which of the following is the correct arrangement for solutions - in order of electrical
conductivity from lowest to highest.
(a) Ethanoic acid < Potassium nitrate < Kerosene < Copper (II) chloride
(b) Kerosene < Ethanoic acid < Potassium nitrate < Copper (II) chloride
(c) Copper chloride < Potassium nitrate < Ethanoic acid < Kerosene
(d) Kerosene < Potassium nitrate < Copper chloride < Ethanoic acid
15. Which one of the following groups of formulae would represent members of a
homologous series?
16. Which of the diagrams below illustrates a hydrogen bond shown with a dotted line?
(a) (b)
H H H H H
H C N O C H H C O H H C O H
H H H
H
(c) (d) H
H H H
H C OH O C H H C F H C O
H H
H H
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Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
7
17. Which of the following graphs correctly shows the relationship between the variables P, V, T
for a constant number of moles of gas?
(a) (b)
PV T (V
constant)
T P
(c) (d)
P V
(T (P
constant) constant)
1 T
V
18. Which of the following pairs of compounds are isomers of each other?
(I)
Cl H H H
H C C H H C C H
H Cl Cl Cl
(II) CH3CHCH2CH3
CH3CH2CHCH3
CH3
CH3
CH3 H
H2C CH2
(III)
C C CH3
H2C CH2
H
(a) (II) only
(b) (I) and (II)
(c) (II) and (III)
(d) (III) only
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8 Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
19. The two main isotopes of element X have mass numbers of 36 and 39. The percentage
abundance of X-36 is 77% and that of X-39 is 23%. The weighted average atomic mass of
element X would be:
(a) 36.2
(b) 36.7
(c) 37.1
(d) 38.3
B D F
A E
C
G
Which of the following options has all the compounds listed with the correct chemical
formulae?
21. Table 1 below shows values for the boiling points of various substances at one
atmosphere of pressure.
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Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
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22. In which one of the following combinations of 0.30 mol L-1 solutions will a green precipitate
be formed?
24. Which of the following lists the elements in order of increasing 1 st ionisation energy, from
lowest to highest?
(a) Li Na Al P S
(b) Na Al P Bi Pb
(c) Ba Sr Sn Sb Bi
(d) Rb K Ge Se Br
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10 Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
Catalyst Br
(III) + Br2 + H2
Br
(IV) + Br2 Catalyst Br
(a) (I), (II), (III) and (IV)
(b) (II), and (IV) only Br
(c) (I) and (III) only
(d) (III) only
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Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
11
This section has 11 questions. Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
When calculating numerical answers, show your working or reasoning clearly. Express numerical
answers to the appropriate number of significant figures and include appropriate units where
applicable.
Spare pages are included at the end of this booklet. They can be used for planning your responses
and/or as additional space if required to continue an answer.
Planning: If you use the spare pages for planning, indicate this clearly at the top of the page.
Continuing an answer: If you need to use the space to continue an answer, indicate in the
original answer space where the answer is continued, i.e. give the page number. Fill in the
number of the question(s) that you are continuing to answer at the top of the page.
Question 26 (5 marks)
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12 Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
Question 27 (6 marks)
A French brand of bottled vinegar, called Vinaigre, is a dilute solution containing 7.50 g of ethanoic
acid (CH3COOH) in every 250 g of solution.
(c) Calculate the number of moles of ethanoic acid in the 250 g of Vinaigre. (2 marks)
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(d) Assuming that the volume of 250 g of Vinaigre solution is 250 mL, what is the concentration of
ethanoic acid, in moles per litre, in 250g of Vinaigre? (1 mark)
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(e) Ethanoic acid does not ionise completely in water. If the degree of ionisation of acetic acid is
quoted as 1.3%, use your answer to part (b) to find the concentration of hydrogen ions in the
Vinaigre solution. (3 marks)
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Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
13
Question 28 (7 marks)
An organic compound has a formula C3H4Cl2 and can exist as several different isomers.
(a) One of these isomers is 1,2 - dichloropropene. Draw the structure of 1,2-dichloropropene in
the box below. (2 marks)
(b) 1,2-dichloropropene reacts with Hydrogen bromide (HBr) under suitable conditions. Draw the
structure of the resulting organic compound formed as a product in this reaction. (2 marks)
(c) A chemist claimed she had produced the compound 2,2-dichloropropene in the reaction
described above. Comment on this claim. (3 marks)
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14 Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
Question 29 (8 marks)
X
A syringe contains 540 mL of CO2 at STP (position X in the diagram). Y
The syringe is then compressed to a smaller volume, while the
temperature is kept constant. (position Y in the diagram)
(a) In terms of the kinetic theory of gases, explain why the pressure in
the cylinder has changed when the syringe was moved from
position X to position Y. (3 marks) CO CO
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(b) Calculate the mass of CO2 in the cylinder when the syringe is in position X. (3 marks)
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(c) Does the mass of gas in the syringe increase, decrease or remain the same when it is moved
from position X to position Y? Justify your answer (2 marks)
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Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
15
Question 30 (8 marks)
105
En
0 NH4+ + OCN-
th 900
al
py 750
(kJ
m 600 NH OCN
4
ol-
450
1
)
300
150
R
ea
cti
The diagram above shows an energy profile
on diagram for a reaction where ammonium cyanate
(NH4OCN) crystals dissolve in water. Theprreaction is represented by the following equation:
og -
NH4OCN (s) → NH4+(aq) + OCN re (aq)
ss
+ -
(a) Which bonds are stronger; the NH4 to OCN bonds in the NH4OCN crystals or the ion-dipole
forces between H2O and NH4+ ions and H2O and OCN- ions? Justify your answer. (2 marks)
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(b) As the ammonium cyanate crystals dissolve what would happen to the temperature of the
surrounding solution? Justify your answer (2 marks)
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(c) Give the values (showing correct units) for each of the following.
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16 Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
Hydrochloric acid is an acid that is obtained by dissolving hydrogen chloride gas in water.
(a) Draw a Lewis dot (electron dot) diagram of a hydrogen chloride molecule. (1 mark)
(b) Write an equation, including states, to show the ionisation of hydrogen chloride in water.
(2 marks)
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(c) 1.92 L of hydrogen chloride gas, at STP, is dissolved in 200.0 mL of water. What is the
hydrogen ion concentration in the hydrochloric acid formed? (3 marks)
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(d) Calculate the mass of iron needed to completely react with the acid in (c). Your answer should
express the correct units and correct number of significant figures. (5 marks)
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Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
17
Question 32 (7 marks)
(a) Explain why chlorine has a higher 1st ionisation energy than magnesium. (3 marks)
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(b) Which has the higher 1st ionisation energy, chlorine or iodine? (1 mark)
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(c) The S-Cl bond is a polar covalent bond. Explain, with reference to electronegativity, what
causes this polarity. (That is – why is the bond polar?) (3 marks)
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18 Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
Question 33 (7 marks)
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(c) Explain the differences between strong, weak and non-electrolytes in terms of their degree of
ionisation when dissolved in water. (3 marks)
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Question 34 (2 marks)
Many women’s make-up products contain nanoparticles of titanium dioxide which give the skin an
attractive bright sheen.
Skin pores are small holes in the skin which allow the entrance of oxygen to the blood stream and
are about 50 micrometres wide (50 x 10-6 m).
Explain why there might be concern over the use of nanoparticles in women’s make-up.
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Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
19
Question 35 (6 marks)
Prop
ane
Dim
Dim ethy
ethy l
keto
Etha l
ethe ne
ne Etha
r nol
De Met
tec 5000 han
e
tor
res 4000
po
ns
e 3000
(pA
)
2000
1000
Time (minutes)
0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6
The organic residues inside a chemical reaction tank were analysed with high performance gas
chromatography. The detector read-out (chromatogram) is shown above.
A polar stationary phase was used in the column. The mobile phase used was helium, which had a
column retention time of 0.6 minutes. (The unlabelled ‘spike’ in the graph.)
(a) Which compound in the tank was present in the greatest concentration? (1 mark)
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(b) Which compound being tested is the least polar? Explain. (3 marks)
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(c) By considering the bonding types, explain why the Retention Time for ethanol would
be the greatest. (2 marks)
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20 Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
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Question 36 (9 marks)
A F G
B H
D E
C
The diagram above illustrates part of the Periodic Table, as first arranged by Mendeleev.
Some of the elements contained are shown as the letters A - H.
(a) Which element (A H), would have an ion with a charge of 2 –. Explain why it becomes
charged in this way? (3 marks)
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(b) (i) Which two elements(A H), shown would form a covalent compound? (1 mark)
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(ii) Give two possible formulas for the compound in (i) above. (Use the proper elemental
symbols from the Periodic Table for this). (2 marks)
____________________ ________________________
(iii) Explain why these compounds, in (ii), would be covalent, rather than ionic. (3 marks)
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Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
21
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22 Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
This section contains five (5) questions. You must answer all questions. Write your answers in the
spaces provided below.
Where questions require an explanation and/or description, marks are awarded for the relevant
chemical content and also for coherence and clarity of expression. Lists or dot points are unlikely to
gain full marks.
Final answers to calculations should be expressed to the appropriate number of significant figures.
Spare pages are included at the end of this booklet. They can be used for planning your responses
and/or as additional space if required to continue an answer.
Planning: If you use the spare pages for planning, indicate this clearly at the top of the page.
Continuing an answer: If you need to use the space to continue an answer, indicate in the
original answer space where the answer is continued, i.e. give the page number. Fill in the
number of the question(s) that you are continuing to answer at the top of the page.
Suggested working time: 70 minutes.
(a) Write a balanced equation for this reaction. Include states. (2 marks)
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(b) Calculate how many grams of calcium carbonate would be produced if 100 L of pure CO2, at
STP, were dissolved in an excess of calcium hydroxide solution. (3 marks)
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Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
23
(c) During a sequestering experiment, 150 L of CO2 collected at STP produced 6.00 x 102 g of
calcium carbonate. From this figure, calculate the percentage efficiency of the experimental
set-up.
Actul mass produced
(% Efficiency = x 100) (3
Expected (calculated) mass
marks)
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A major contributor to the levels of carbon in the atmosphere is the burning of fuels, especially fossil
fuels, to provide our energy requirements. When comparing fuels the heating value (or fuel value)
and its carbon emissions should be considered. The fuel value is the energy available from a given
mass of fuel.
The fossil fuel, coal, is rich in carbon and is combusted according to the following equation:
(d) Determine the fuel value for pure carbon. Express your answer in MJ kg-1 (3 marks)
(1MJ = 1 x 106 J)
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(e) Determine the amount of CO2 produced, in grams, for every MJ of heat released from the
burning of pure carbon, ie carbon emissions. Express your answer in g(CO2) MJ-1. (3 marks)
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Petrol is the fuel used in most cars. Petrol vapour is mixed with air before being burnt in the car’s
engine.
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24 Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
(f) Petrol contains the hydrocarbon octane. Write a balanced molecular equation for the
combustion of octane. (1 mark)
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As well as carbon dioxide gas, cars produce other gases; many of which are polluting gases
released from car exhausts. Exhaust gases include carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and unburnt
hydrocarbons. All cars are fitted with a catalytic converter to reduce these harmful exhaust
emissions.
(g) A major component of the catalytic converter is the metal coatings of platinum and rhodium.
The platinum acts as a catalyst to the decomposition of NO2 to N2 and O2 according to the
following equations.
NO2 + Pt PtNO2 then 2PtNO2 N2 + 2O2 + 2Pt
Explain what a catalyst is and justify the statement that platinum acts as a catalyst in the
above situation. (3 marks)
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(h) The decomposition of Nitrogen Dioxide is an exothermic reaction with a very high activation
energy. Sketch, on the axes below, a fully labelled energy profile diagram for the reaction. You
should include a catalysed and uncatalysed pathway. (6 marks)
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Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
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(b) Explain, using diagrams, how this intermolecular force arises. (4 marks)
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(c) The alkanes in the above table all have polar bonds. Referring to Methane, explain what a
polar bond is. (2 marks)
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(d) Draw an electron dot (Lewis) diagram for methane, state its shape and if the molecule is polar
or non-polar. (3 marks)
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26 Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
i. Explain why the arrangement of bonds in methane has given it the shape you stated. You
should refer to the valence shell electron repulsion theory in your answer. (3 marks)
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ii. Explain why the methane molecule is polar or non-polar as you stated in (d) above.
(2 marks)
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(f) State the trend in boiling points of alkanes as shown in the table. Account for this trend.
(3 marks)
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(g) Water has a molar mass similar to methane, and yet its boiling point is more than 200 degrees
higher at 100oC. Explain why there is such a large difference in the boiling points of these two
substances. (3 marks)
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Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
27
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28 Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
A farmer’s property is close to an old mine site and some of his water supply is contaminated with
dissolved silver salts.
One of his lakes consists of clear water, with a silver ion concentration of 3.75 x 10-4 mol L-1.
The farmer removed the silver ions from a 5.00 L sample of lake water by adding just enough
hydrochloric acid to precipitate all the silver as silver chloride.
(a) Write the balanced ionic equation for this precipitation reaction. (2 marks)
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(b) Name a separation technique he could use to separate the silver chloride precipitate from the
water and briefly explain the separation principles involved. (2 marks)
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(c) Calculate the mass of silver chloride that would be expected to precipitate from the 5.00 L of
lake water. Give your answer with the correct units and appropriate number of significant
figures. (4 marks)
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(d) The farmer wanted pure water. He removed the silver from the lake water, but he still needed
to treat the remaining 5.00 L of impure water. State the name of the process by which pure
water could be obtained from the impure water and draw a labelled diagram of the equipment
setup that would be used. (4 marks)
Process name:_________________________________________________________
Diagram:
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Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
29
(e) After the 5.00 L of lake water had been purified, as described in (d), a white solid remained.
This solid was found to be calcium nitrate (leached from the soil around the lake) and had a
mass of 3.76g.
Calculate the concentration of nitrate ions that would have been present in the 5.00 L of lake
water. (4 marks)
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(f) The nitrate ions in the lake must have originally come from run-off from the farmer’s fields
where he had used ammonium nitrate, (NH4NO3), as a fertilizer. Fertilizers add nitrogen to the
soil to increase crop growth.
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ii. Calculate the mass of nitrogen that would be added to the soil around the lake when
150 kg of this fertilizer. (2 marks)
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30 Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
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Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
31
The effect of temperature on the solubility of silver nitrate in water was investigated by a group of
year eleven chemistry students. The student’s hypothesis was that “the solubility of the salt will
decrease as temperature increases” (based on their knowledge of the solubility of carbon dioxide in
coke). The students carried out their experiment in six sets of three test tubes with each set of test
tubes corresponding to a particular temperature. They then measured how much salt could be
added to each test tube before the solution became saturated. Their results are displayed in the
following table, which shows an average of three trials for each temperature:
(a) Complete the table above by calculating the average solubility at each temperature.
(2 marks)
(b) What was the independent variable for the investigation? (1 mark)
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(c) What was the dependent variable for the investigation? (1 mark)
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(e) Why would the students choose three trials, rather than one or two? (1 mark)
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32 Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
(g) Based on the data and your graph, draw a conclusion regarding the hypothesis. (2 marks)
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(h) Were any of the points on the graph inconsistent with the trend in the data? If so, circle the
point/points on your graph and suggest where/when the error occurred. (Hint: examine
repeated trials) (2 marks)
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(i) Is the error listed in (h) a random or systematic error? Explain (2 marks)
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Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
33
(a) Explain the great variation in the melting points of the three substances in terms of their
bonding. You are encouraged to draw diagrams that indicate the structure of each substance
at the atomic level and how this explains the differences in melting point. (6 marks)
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34 Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
(b) Although both magnesium and magnesium chloride form three-dimensional lattices in the
solid state, one is very malleable whilst the other is extremely brittle. Explain these differences
in terms of their particular bonding.
NOTE: You do not need to re-draw the same diagram you may have drawn in part (a).
However, you should refer to it if you are using it to explain part (b). (4 marks)
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End of questions
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Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
35
Spare grid
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36 Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
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Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
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38 Chemistry Units 1 & 2 Exam
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