UNIT-1

2.Surface modelling
1.Types and comparison of
geometric models.

Computer representation of the

geometry of a component using
software is called ageometric
model. Geometric modeling is
done in three principal ways.
They are:
i. Wire frame modelingii. Surface
modelingiii.
Solid modeling

6.2.1. WIRE FRAME MODELING In

wire frame modeling the object is
represented by its edges. In the
initial stages of CAD, wireframe
models were in 2-D. Subsequently
3-D wire frame modeling software
was introduced

6.2.2.SURFACE MODELING
In this approach, a component is
represented by its surfaces which
in turn are representedby their
vertices and edges. For example,
eight surfaces are put together to
create a box
. SOLID MODELING
The representation of solid
models uses the fundamental
idea that a physical object
dividesthe 3-D Euclidean space
into two regions, one exterior and
one interior, separated by
theboundary of the solid.

Wire fream model

Unit-3 Unit 7
Concept of fms
Motion control systems in CNC: point to point, straight
flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is
line,
a production method that is designed to
continuous path (contouring) easily adapt to changes in the type and
quantity of the product
being manufactured

Point-To-Point CNC Machining (Rapid Motion) - The

numerical control device can only control the CNC
machine to accurately move the component from one
position to another, that is, only control the axis value
of the end point of the stroke, and do not perform any
cutting process during the movement

Linear CNC machining (Straight Line Motion) - When

machining parts, it is necessary to control not only the
position between the two related points but also the
moving speed and route between the two related
points.

Contour CNC Machining (Circular Motion) - This type of

CNC lathe machining motion can continuously control
two or more axes at the same time. The machining not
only controls the starting point and the end point, but
also controls the speed and position of each point in the
whole machining process
 Cnc advantage -
3. Geometric construction method
1.Quick machining speed.

2.Flexibility to perform multiple operations

3.High precision and accuracy

4.High repeatability index

Limitations cnc -

1.High initial cost

2.Need for expertise

3.Steep learning curve

UNIT-3
UNIT-4
Basic concept of NC, CNC and DNC. part programming fundamentals

The programmer first sends the machine spindle to home zero

NC-NC (Numerical Control) is a type of computer- position by a command in the program. Then another
command tells the MCU how far from the home zero location,
controlled machine tool that uses a series of programmed
the coordinate system origin is to be positioned. effect until it
instructions to control the movement of the cutting tool.
is changed by some other command, like, feed rate selection,
NC is used in manufacturing processes such as milling, coolant selection, etc
drilling, and turning
part programming of cnc turning center

CNC part programming involves a series of coded instructions

CNC-Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining is a that are required to produce a part. The program controls the
manufacturing process in which pre-programmed machine tool movements and controls auxiliary functions
computer software dictates the movement of factory including spindle, coolant, and rotation.
tools and machinery What is part programming for CNC turning Centre?

M Codes
DNC-Similar to CNC machines, DNC machines employ a M00 Program stop.
remote computer to control multiple machines
M01 Optional program stop.
performing various operations simultaneously.
M02 Program end.
2.Advantages and limitations of NC and CNC.
M03 Spindle on clockwise.

M04 Spindle on counterclockwise.

M05 Spindle stop.

M06 Tool change.

M08 Coolant o
What is a CNC machine center?
A basic CNC Machining Center refers to a 7.Generative or dynamic CAPP
Computerized Numerically Controlled is the main focus of development, the ability to
Milling Machine. automatically generate production plans for new
What is M-code full form? products, or dynamically update production
M-code (for “miscellaneous function”) is an auxiliary plans on the basis of resource availability.
command; descriptions vary. Unit-6
Unit-5

1.computer aided part programming 1.Contact inspection method

With computer-assisted part programming, the machining physical contact is made between the object to
instructions are written in English-like statements of the be inspected, and the measurement device.
NC programming language, which are then processed by
2.Non-Contact inspection method
the computer to prepare the tape. The computer
automatically punches. SOME OF THE MOST IMPORTANT NON-CONTACT INSPECTION
METHODS INCLUDE THERMOGRAPHY, RADIOGRAPHY, MACHINE
2.Concept of group technology VISION, LASER SHEAROGRAPHY, AND MICROWAVE TESTING
Group technology is an approach in which similar parts are 3.Contact and object of computer aided quality
identified and grouped together in order to take advantage control
of the similarities in design and production.
The main objectives of the CAQC are to
3.What is the role of group technology in FMS? improve the quality of the product, increase the
productivity in the inspection process and
Group Technology (GT) is a methodology that uses the
reduce the lead times in manufacturing.
principle of a variant design of the technological process.
Unit-7
4Part families
The advantages of FMS?
A part family is a group of parts presenting similar
geometry and/or requiring a similar production process. The advantages of having an FMS in place include
reduced manufacturing costs by increasing
5.Conceptof call design?
productivity and machine efficiency, improved and
Cell design. Cells are created in a workplace to facilitate stable quality of the products, and shorter and more
flow. This is accomplished by bringing together operations accurately scheduled lead times
or machines or people involved in a processing sequence
2.limitation of FMS?
of a products natural flow and grouping them close to one
another, distinct from other groups. This grouping 1 expensive
is called a cell.
2Slow-single tool operation
6.Benefits of group twchnology?
3high maintance cost
Group Technology can:
The main objective of FMS
Enable Cellular Manufacturing.
The main objective of the flexible manufacturing
Reduce Engineering Cost. system (FMS) is to balance the productivity of the
production floor as well as maintaining its flexibility.
Accelerate Product Development.
Basic concept of FMS
Improve Costing Accuracy.
a manufacturing system in which there is some
Simplify Process Planning.
amount of flexibility that allows the system to react
Reduce Tooling Cost. in case of changes, whether
predicted or unpredicted
Simplify Purchasing.

Help With Value Stream Mapping