Class 12 Physical Education:

UNIT: - 6 Notes
TEST AND MEASUREMENT IN SPORTS

MEANING OF TEST

A test is a tool which is used to evaluate the skills, performance and reliability of the task completed
by a sports person.

MEANING OF MEASUREMENT

• IT IS A ANSWER TO QUESTION.

• Measurement is about the collection of data about performance or task completed by

a sports person by using a test.

WHY TEST AND MESUREMENT IS INCULDED IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION?

• Which gives the knowledge to collect the necessary details of students or subjects.

i.e. their needs, capacities, abilities, and attitudes etc.

SAI Khelo India

• Khelo India: National Programme for Development of Sports, branded as Khelo India.

• aims at improving India's sports culture at the grass-root level.

• It is a Government of India programme launched in 2017-18 under the tenure Prime

Minister Narendra Modi and Sports Minister’s Vijay Goel and Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore.

SAI Khelo India Fitness Test in school.

➢ Age group 5-8 yrs/ class 1-3:
1. BMI,
2. Flamingo Balance Test,
3. Plate Tapping Test.

➢ Age group 9-18yrs/ class 4-12:

1. BMI,
2. 50mt Speed test,

3. 600mt Run/Walk,

4. Sit & Reach flexibility test,

 5. Strength Test (Abdominal Partial Curl Up, Push-Ups for boys, Modified Push-Ups
for girls).
1.BMI (BODY MASS INDEX)

Measuring height Accurately

The test performed is Body Mass Index
(BMI), which is calculated from body Weight (W) and height(H).
BMI = W / (H x H), where W = body weight in kilograms and H = height in meters.

The higher the score usually indicating higher levels of body fat.
Body Composition: It refers primarily to the distribution of muscle and fat in the body.
Body size such as height, lengths and girths are also grouped under this component.
• Measuring Weight Accurately.

1. Use a digital scale.

2. Place the scale on firm flooring (such as tile or wood) rather than carpet.
3. Have the participant remove shoes and heavy clothing, such as sweaters.
4. Have the participant stand with both feet in the center of the scale.
5. Record the weight to the nearest decimal fraction (for example,25.1 kilograms).

2. Plate Tapping Test:

• What does it measure: Tests speed and coordination of limb movement.
 • Infrastructure/Equipment Required: Table (adjustable height), 2 yellow discs (20cm
diameter), rectangle (30 x 20 cm), stopwatch
• How to Perform:

1. If possible, the table height should be adjusted so that the subject is standing
comfortably in front of the discs.
2. The two yellow discs are placed with their centres 60 cm apart on the table.
3. The rectangle is placed equidistant between both discs. The nonpreferred hand is
placed on the rectangle.
4. The subject moves the preferred hand back and forth between the discs over the
hand in the middle as quickly as possible.
5. This action is repeated for 25 full cycles (50 taps)

Scoring:
The time taken to complete 25 cycles is recorded
3. Flamingo Balance Test:
• What does it measure:
Ability to balance successfully on a single leg. This single leg balance test assesses the
strength of the leg, pelvic, and trunk muscle as well as Static balance.
• Infrastructure/Equipment Required:
• Non-Slippery even surface, Stopwatch, can be done on just standing on beam.
How to Perform:

1. Stand on the beam. Keep balance by holding the instructor's hand (if required to start).
2. While balancing on the preferred leg, the free leg is flexed at the knee and the foot of this
leg held close to the buttocks
Scoring
• The total number of falls or loss of balance in 60 seconds of balancing is recorded.
• If there are more than 15 falls in the first 30 seconds, the test is terminated.
➢ Age group 9-18 years (Class 4-12):
• For Class 4 to 12, it is important for students to have an overall physical fitness. The
following Components are to be considered in Physical Health and Fitness Profile:
2. 50 m Speed Test:
• Procedure:
 1. Sprint over 50 meters, with the time recorded, start from a stationary standing
position.
2. Once the subject is ready, the starter gives the instructions “set” then “go”
participant should be encouraged to not slow down before crossing the finish line.
3. 600 m walk/Run:
4. Procedure:
1. The subject takes a standing start from the starting line. The subject may walk in
between.
2. Objective is to cover the distance in the shortest time when he crosses the finish
line he is informed of his time.
4. Sit and Reach Flexibility test:
• Procedure:
1. This test involves sitting on the floor with legs stretched out straight ahead.
2. The soles of the feet are placed flat against the box. Both knees should be locked and
pressed flat to the floor.
3. The tester may assist by holding them down with the palms facing downwards, and
the hands-on top of each other or side by side.
Scoring:
The score is recorded to the nearest centimeter or half inch as the distance reached
by the hand.

5. Strength Test - A. Abdominal Partial Curl up

• Procedure:
1. The starting position is lying on the back with the knees flexed and feet 12 inches
from the buttocks.
2. The feet cannot be held or rest against on object. The arms are extended and are
rested on the thighs. The head is in a neutral position.
Scoring:
Record the total number of curl-ups, only, correctly performed curl ups should be
counted.

Push-Ups: Push-ups are a test of upper body strength. For boys, they perform push-ups with
their toes and hands on the ground, and they lower their body to touch the ground and then
push themselves back up. For girls, they perform modified push-ups with their knees on the
ground instead of their toes.
6.2 Measurement of Cardio-Vascular Fitness
• Harvard Step Test:
Harvard step test was developed by Brouha in 1943 for the purpose of measuring
physical fitness for work and the ability to recover from work. The test was originally
designed for young men of college age. In the original validation of the step test
Brouha tested 2200 males.
Purpose: To determine aerobic fitness.
Objective: To perform step test continuously without break for 5 minutes or until
exhausted.
• Equipment:
Bench or wooden block 20 inches in height; stopwatch; metronome.

• Procedure:
• Student will start test at the command “Go” and will step up and down, on and off
the wooden block or bench at the rate of 30 steps per minutes for 5 minutes.
• Participant is given instructions that on the command ‘up’ or the first sound of the
metronome, he/she should place one foot on the bench; on the second command
‘up’ or the second sound of the metronome, he/she should place both feet fully on
the bench with the body erect straightening the legs and back
• Exactly five minutes of steps, on the signal ‘stop’, the participant immediately sits
down on the bench. If the student is unable to maintain the pace, then she/he is
exhausted and the test is ended before completion of 5min.
• The tester will note the duration of the exercise in seconds and use short formula

• Pulse Count
After completion of the test, the student sits down and the tester takes the hearts
beats between 1 to 1½ minutes. Scoring: Fitness Index score will be determined by
applying following equation:
Duration of the Exercise in Seconds x 100
5.5 x Pulse count of 1 − 1.5 min after Exercise = Fitness Index score

Computing Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is the minimum number of calories that a person
requires to maintain their bodily functions such as breathing, circulation, and cell
production while at rest. Computing BMR helps in determining the number of
calories that a person should consume daily to maintain their weight, lose weight, or
gain weight.

There are various formulas to compute BMR, the most common way to compute
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is by using the which takes in to account age, weight,
 height, and sex to estimate the number of calories a person burns at rest. Here is the
formula:

For men: BMR = 88.36 + (13.4 x weight in kg) + (4.8 x height in cm) - (5.7 x age in
years)
For women: BMR = 447.6 + (9.2 x weight in kg) + (3.1 x height in cm) - (4.3 x age in
years)

Another popular method is the Mifflin-St. Jeor equation which also includes an
individual's activity level.

Once the BMR is computed, the daily calorie requirement can be determined based
on the individual's physical activity level.
If the person is sedentary, then the BMR is multiplied by 1.2. For moderate activity,
the BMR is multiplied by 1.55, and for high activity, the BMR is multiplied by 1.9.
The resulting number is the total number of calories that a person should consume
daily to maintain their weight, lose weight, or gain weight.

Rikli and Jones: Senior Citizen Fitness Test

This test is also known as Fullerton Functional Test. Rikali and Jones developed this
test in 2001. This is beneficial for senior citizens and helps in early identification of
at-risk participants.

A. Chair Stand Test

• Purpose: The main purpose of this test is to measure the strength of the lower body
which is usually used for various tasks such as, climbing stairs, getting in and out of
the chair, bathtub, car, etc.
• Equipment Required: A chair and a stopwatch
• Procedure: Keep the chair against the wall. The person sits in the middle of the chair.
His arms should be crossed at wrists and held close to his chest. The legs should be
shoulder-width apart. From this sitting position, the person should stand up
completely and sit down completely. This is repeated for 30 seconds. Count the total
no. of complete Chair stand.

B. Arm Curl Test

• Purpose: The purpose of this test is to measure the upper body strength and
endurance which is required to do activities involving lifting and carrying things.
• Equipment Required: A 5-pound weight for women and 8-pound weight for men,
chair without arms, and stopwatch.
• Procedure: The aim of this test is to find the total no. arm curls that one can
complete in 30 seconds. Arm curl is performed with the dominant arm side. The
person sits on the chair and holds the weight in suitcase position (palms should be
facing towards the body). The upper arm should not move but the lower arm should
move freely. Curl the arm to complete range of motion. The action is repeated as
many times as possible for 30 seconds.

C. Chair Sit-and-Reach Test

• Purpose: To evaluate the lower back strength which is important for maintaining the
right posture and various mobility tasks.
• Equipment Required: A Chair with a straight back (44cm high), a Ruler
• Procedure: The Participant sits on the edge of the chair. One foot should remain flat
on the floor while the other extended forward with the knee in a straight position.
Place one hand on the other with the tips of middle fingers at the same level.
Instruct the participant to inhale and then as he exhales, reach forward towards toes
by bending at the hip, keeping knees and back straight. Hold the position for 2
seconds. The distance between the fingertip and toes is measured. If the finger
touches the toes, then the score is zero. if do not touch the toes then the distance
between them is a negative score. If they overlap, measure the distance (positive
score).

D. Back Scratch Test

• Purpose: To evaluate the upper body (shoulder) flexibility, which is important for
performing various jobs such as combing hair, reaching for the seatbelt, etc.
• Equipment Required: Ruler
• Procedure: The Test is performed in standing position. Keep your one hand behind
head and lower it down gradually as far as possible. Your palm should touch your
back. then carry your other arm behind your back with palm facing outward and
fingers facing upward. Try to reach as far as possible to touch or overlap the other
hand’s middle finger. Measure the distance between the two middle fingers. If the
finger tips touches, then the score is zero. if finger tips do not touches then measure
the distance between fingertips (negative score). If they overlap, measure the
distance (positive score). Two trials is given.

E. Eight Foot Up and Go Test

• Purpose: To Evaluate the speed, agility, and balance of a person while moving.
 • Equipment Required: A Chair with a straight back, a stopwatch, A stopwatch, cone,
and measuring tape.
• Procedure: Keep the chair against the wall and keep cone marker 8 feet away Infront
of the chair. On the command of 'GO', stopwatch is started and the participant
stands from the chair and walks (no running at all) as fast as possible towards the
cone, turns around and return to the chair and sits down. Time is recorded as the
participant sits down on the chair. Two trials are given.

F. Six-minute Walk Test

• Purpose: To evaluate aerobic fitness which is an important component for walking,
climbing stairs, etc.
• Equipment Required: Stopwatch and measuring tape
• Procedure: The Walking Distance is marked i.e. 45.72m or 50 yards in a rectangular
area (20 * 5 yards) with cones placed at a regular interval to indicate the distance
covered. Participant must walk as quickly as possible for 6 minutes. He may stop at
any time he wants.

6.5 Johnson – Metheny Test of Motor Education

Objective: Johnson- Metheny Test battery is revised version of Johnson Educability Test
which was designed in 1932. The purpose of the Johnson battery was to measure
neuromuscular skill capacity which have ten items. In 1938 Methney studied the test and
eliminated six items. The test battery consist of four motor stunts are given below:
I. Front Roll
II. Back Roll

III. Jumping Half-Turns

IV. Jumping Full-
Turns Four stunts are to be performed by the boys and three stunts for girls.
Test Area: Mat area length is 15 feet and it is 2 feet wide. The 15 feet length divided in to
ten sections for 18” each. The width of transverse line is ¾” and 3” alternatively. Centre of
lines remains 18” apart. Another ¾” wide line is marked lengthwise in the middle of the mat
area.
Procedure:

1. Front Roll: Ignoring the long middle dividing line, the subject is asked to start outside the
marked area and perform two front rolls, one up to 7.5’ i.e. 3” wide centre line and the
second in the other half of 7.5’. The subject is to perform the rolls without touching the
limits or over reaching the zones mentioned above.
Scoring: Each correct roll gets 5 points, hence maximum of 10 points. Two points are
deducted for over-reaching side line, right or left for each roll; one point is deducted for
over reaching the end limit on each roll and full five points are deducted when the subject
fails to perform a true front roll
2.Back Roll: The test is similar to front roll both in performing and scoring. The subject is to
start outside the marked chart area and is to ‘perform two back rolls in the 2 feet lane area,
one up to first half and the second back roll in the second half.
3. Jumping Half Turns: The subject is asked to start with feet on first 3” line, jump with both
feet to second 3” wide line, executing a half turn either right or left; jump to third 3” line
executing half turn in opposite direction to first half-turn and then to 4th and 5th 3” wide
lines executing half turns, right or left alternatively.
Scoring: Perfect execution of four jumps is worth ten points. Only 2 points are deducted for
each wrong jump when the subject either does not land with both feet on the 3” line or
turns the wrong way or both.
4.Jumping Full Turns: The subject is asked to start with the feet outside the marked area at
about the centre of the lane. He/ She is required to jump with feet together to second
rectangular space, executing a full turn with the body either right or left; continue jumping
to alternate rectangular spaces across the marked mat executing full turns, rotating body in
the same direction, landing on both feet every time.
Scoring: Perfect execution of five jumps is worth ten points. Two points are deducted, if the
subject fails to keep balance on landing on both feet; turns too far or oversteps the squares.