Use of English Tests Oct 01

Cambridge
C2 Proficiency
Use of English
Test 1
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Cambridge C2 Proficiency Use of English
Part 1 Multiple choice Test 1
For questions 1–8, read the text below and decide which answer best
fits each gap. In the separate answer sheet, m ark the appropriate
answer (A, B, C or D).
The bicycle
The ‘safety bicycle’ of the late 19th century (1) _______________ a much closer
resemblance to a modern bike than its predecessors. The ‘Penny Farthing’, which
gained its name due to its giant front wheel, its rather tiny rear wheel, and their
comparative sizes being similar to the penny and farthing coins in the UK at the time,
was for all (2) _______________ and purposes a vehicle designed for racing. A
brave rider would (3) _______________ at the top of the 150cm-high front wheel.
This device had in turn (4) _______________ Pierre Lallemont’s ‘Velocipede’, a
vehicle that featured a rotary crank mechanism to turn the wheels, according to his
American patent in 1866. However, it still lacked a chain drive and a ‘true’ gearing
system, and, rather worryingly, any kind of brake.
(5) _______________ the Penny Farthing had been ridden almost exclusively by
daring young men, the safety bike could be used by anyone and quite a scandal was
(6) _______________ up by one newspaper around the time of the bike’s commercial
launch when it reported on young women riding the bikes, unchaperoned, around the
city of New York. What is more – these trailblazing ladies had also dared to wear
trousers – a (7) _______________ outrage in some parts of society. In fact, Susan B.
Antony, a 19th-century women’s activist, claimed that bicycling had done more to
emancipate women than any one thing in the world.
The bicycle has continued to be an understated symbol of innovation and evolution, if

nothing else (8) _______________ the way to ease of movement for many, and in an
undoubtedly environmentally friendly way.
1 A takes B gives C bears D makes

2 A intends B intents C insights D intakes
3 A clamber B perch C climb D swing
4 A superseded B circumvented C overcome D overhauled
5 A However B Whereas C Whenever D Since
6 A stirred B twisted C mixed D shaken
7 A doubtless B veritable C factual D genuine
8 A beginning B starting C opening D launching
Part 2 Open cloze Test 1
For questions 9–16, read the text below and decide which word best fits
each gap. Use only one word for each gap. In the separate answer
sheet, write your answers in capital letters, using one box per letter.
The first Apple M ac
Competing fiercely (9) _______________ a share of the emerging home-computer

market in 1979, a successful young company called Apple was developing its Lisa
computer, the second commercial machine (10) _______________ utilise a Graphic
User Interface (GUI). The engineers at Apple knew that success
(11) _______________ in being able to precisely render an image visible on screen
onto a printed page (12) _______________ being confined to just one printer, and
the company’s founding executive, the late Steve Jobs, had in the Lisa a product that
he knew could change the world of office communications. (13) _______________,
it was to be the Lisa’s successor, the seminal Macintosh, that would ultimately
change that world.
The Apple Macintosh computer was launched in January 1984 through a high-profile
marketing (14) _______________ that deployed an advert directed by Ridley Scott
and a national premiere during the half- (15) _______________ break of that year’s
Superbowl, the USA’s most popular televised sporting event. Priced at $2,495, it was
the first commercially available desktop computer with a GUI and mouse, and its
acknowledged potential amongst the design and graphical arts communities was
profound. The (16) _______________, as they say, is history.
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Part 3 Word formation Test 1
For questions 17–24, use the stem word on the right to form the correct
word that fills each gap. In the separate answer sheet, write your
answers in capital letters, using one box per letter.
Anim al hybrids
Animal hybrids – the (17) _______________ of two SPRING

different species of animal – are more common than you
might suspect. Probably the best-known hybrid is the
mule, which is the product of a female horse and a male
donkey. Mules are prized for their stamina and
(18) _______________. STRONG
Although mules are famously unable to bear young, it is

a myth that all hybrids are (19) _______________. Some FERTILITY
populations are bred in great numbers, often for food
production. One useful result of (20) _______________ BREED
is the ‘beefalo’ (the result of mixing domesticated cows
and wild buffalo), which is bred purely for the production
of beef.
And there can be definite advantages to hybridisation in

the wild, too. While some hybrids display
(21) _______________ characteristics halfway between ANATOM Y
those of their parents, others can have unexpected
advantages, making them better able to deal with
predators or a changing environment.
Some hybrids are only possible in

(22) _______________, because the animals would CAPTIVE
never encounter each other in the wild. ‘Ligers’, for
instance, are a mix of lion and tiger and are the largest
feline, one specimen (23) _______________ in at an W EIGHT
incredible 418.2 kg.
Often, of course, hybrids become new species in their

own right. (24) _______________ often identify ‘hybrid CONSERVE
swarms’, where hybrids and ‘pure’ individuals are
completely mixed.
Part 4 Key word transformation Test 1
For questions 25–30, com plete the second sentence, using the word
given, so that it has a sim ilar m eaning to the xfirst sentence. Do not
change the word provided and use between three and eight words in
total. In the separate answer sheet, write your answers in capital
letters, using one box per letter.
25 The teacher was not very clear when he spoke at times.

LACK
At times __________________________ the teacher spoke.
26 They had difficulty in deciding due to the huge choice.

REACH
The huge range made __________________________ a decision.
27 Despite his run of bad luck, Stuart still thought he could win the game.
HOPE
Stuart refused to give __________________________ his recent run of bad
luck.
28 The weather forecast says it will probably rain tonight.

STRONG
The weather forecast says that __________________________ rain tonight.
29 The manager didn’t think it was reasonable of you to complain so much about
the hotel room.
JUSTIFIED
The manager didn’t think you __________________________ a fuss about
the service.
30 There would have been no problems yesterday had Sebastian not interfered.
SM OOTHLY
Without Sebastian’s __________________________ yesterday.
Answers Cambridge C2 Proficiency Use of English Test 1
Part 1: Multiple choice
1 C bears 5 B Whereas
2 B intents 6 A stirred
3 B perch 7 B veritable
4 A superseded 8 C opening
Part 2: Open cloze
9 for 13 However
10 to 14 campaign
11 lay 15 time
12 without 16 rest
Part 3: Word formation
17 offspring 21 anatomical
18 strength 22 captivity
19 infertile 23 weighing
20 cross-breeding 24 Conservationists
Part 4: Key word transformation
25 there was a lack of clarity when
26 it difficult / it more difficult to reach
27 up hope of winning the game despite
28 probability (that) it will / probability of /

likelihood (that) it will / likelihood of /
there is a strong
possibility (that) it will / possibility of /
chance (that) it will / chance of
29 were justified in making such
30 interference everything would have gone smoothly
Cambridge
C2 Proficiency
Use of English
Test 2
15
Power naps
The siesta has long been a characteristic of Spanish life. A short sleep in the middle
of the day seems an (1) _______________ concept, an impossible luxury. Lately
though, the expression ‘power nap’ has become common in an international Anglo-
Saxon word (2) _______________ to describe, fundamentally, the same thing.
Siestas, though, seem to be the territory of the relaxed Hispanics, long, sleepy
afternoons and even longer evenings. Power-naps, as the name might
(3) _______________, are the terrain of Silicon Valley execs, eager students and go-
getters. So what (4) _______________ a siesta or power nap? It is generally agreed
this must last between 10 and 25 minutes – any more and you might enter
(5) _______________ sleep, which is much more difficult to awake from quickly).
When it comes to power-naps there is no need to sleep in a bed, or even in a
horizontal position. One might have one in the busiest of situations – subway trains
or an office – and they can take place at any time. Try it for yourself and you´ll be
amazed by just how much it (6) _______________ you up!
Siestas, on the other hand, usually take place after a (7) _______________ lunch, in
a bed or sofa, or the likes, and preferably in a cool, dark environment.
Everyone has their own favourite way of catching 40 (8) _______________ and the
fact is that power-nap practitioners report feeling less tired and improved awareness
as a result.
1 A unconvincing B implausible C imported D inconclusive

2 A pool B puddle C bank D pot
3 A surmise B deduce C entail D imply
4 A constitutes B does C appoints D ordains
5 A profound B immersed C acute D deep
6 A hits B pulls C perks D lifts
7 A solid B hearty C strong D robust
8 A blinks B winks C minutes D instants
Com m uting
Commuting – that is, to (9) _______________ travelling from one region to another to
work before travelling back to where you live on a regular basis – has been possible
since the advent of the railway. However, in recent times it has become the
(10) _______________ as opposed to the exception, as people increasingly move
out of the cities and into more suburban settings.
Let’s (11) _______________ London as an example. Most people who work in what
is considered to be the central part of the city must commute due to the excessive
cost of living in (12) _______________ a place. A journey of at least one hour on
public transport is by no (13) _______________ uncommon, as the use of private

cars has been reduced greatly by anti-pollution and congestion legislation.
On the more extreme side of things are stories of business people traveling up to
three hours (14) _______________ way every day rather than living in the capital
city. You might expect that these journeys would be made by train, but recently the
lower cost of air travel has made it widely possible for people with relatively normal
incomes to travel from the (15) _______________ of Barcelona to London or Zurich,
for example, thus (16) _______________ advantage of the higher standard of living
and better weather of their home city while earning a higher salary obtainable in one
of those financial hubs.
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The chupacabra
The chupacabra, or chupacabras, is a blood-thirsty, mystery

creature, (17) _______________ responsible for killing sheep SUPPOSE
and goats. It occupies the same space between reality and
myth that is occupied by creatures such as the Yeti, the Loch
Ness Monster and mermaids, with one difference – it is a
(18) _______________ new monster. RELATE
The creature was first reported as late as 1995 on the island of

Puerto Rico in the Caribbean, but (19) _______________ have SEE
since spread to South America, the United States and, most
recently, Russia and Southern Europe. If the chupacabra is
real, it has an impressive range for a wild animal. The
(20) _______________ expert on the chupacabras calls it ‘the FORE
first internet monster’, attributing the rapid spread of reports to
Google.
As with most monsters, there is precious little physical

evidence, and eyewitness reports are sketchy and often
contradictory, and it has, of course, (21) _______________ M YSTERY
avoided capture.
Some evidence for the creature’s (22) _______________ EXIST

comes from its diet. The name ‘chupacabra’ literally translates
as 'goat sucker', because it apparently drains its victims of
blood. Dead sheep have been connected with chupacabras
reports from its earliest (23) _______________ in the media. APPEAR
However, scientific analyses of these creatures reveal that dogs
or coyotes are the likeliest culprits.
So it seems as chupacabras
though the
is
(24) _______________ a case of mistaken identity. But, as with ESSENCE
all good monsters, the stories won’t go away…
given, so that it has a sim ilar m eaning to the first sentence. Do not
25 They took the decision to stop playing after it got dark.

FELL
Not until __________________________ stop playing.
26 You can only fish in the park if you have a permit.

RESTRICTED
Fishing __________________________ you have a permit.
27 Her daughter said the portrait looked nothing like her mother.
RESEM BLANCE
The mother was told by her daughter __________________________ her.
28 The concert would have been held outdoors, but it rained.

PLACE
If it __________________________ inside.
29 Barry is faced with many problems during his working week.

CONTEND
Barry has a __________________________ during his working week.
30 Mr Smart was careful not to get into the position whereby he might lose all his
money.
POSSIBILITY
Mr Smart didn’t expose __________________________ all his money.
1 A implausible 5 D deep
2 A pool 6 C perks
3 D imply 7 B hearty
4 A constitutes 8 B winks
Part 2: Open cloze
9 say 13 means
10 norm 14 each
11 take 15 likes
12 such 16 taking
17 supposedly 21 mysteriously
18 relatively 22 existence
19 sightings 23 appearance
20 foremost 24 essentially
25 darkness fell did they take the decision to / decide to
26 in the park is / here is / is restricted unless
27 that the portrait bore no resemblance to
28 had rained the concert would have taken place
29 lot of problems to contend with / with which to contend
30 himself to the possibility of losing
Cambridge
C2 Proficiency
Use of English
Test 3
Plastic problem s
Environmentalists are (1) _______________ with governments across the length and
(2) _______________ of the planet to introduce legislation that will
(3) _______________ the huge amount to plastic used by us as a society – eight-
million tonnes of which is disposed of every year in landfill sites and the oceans
without being recycled. The planet is literally being poisoned and suffocated by the
human race.
Some plastics take thousands of years to (4) _______________. Recently, birds’

eggs in The Arctic have been found to contain plastic micro fibres, showing
(5) _______________ that the material has entered the food chain of the planet’s
inhabitants, with no telling of the long-term consequences.
(6) _______________ action is required at a global governmental level. Consumers

are being discouraged from using single-use plastics through taxation on things like
plastic bags. However, it is at an industrial level that the attractiveness of plastic as a
cheap and convenient means of packaging needs to be (7) _______________.
(8) _______________ a sea change in attitudes and actions, we are surely heading
for a catastrophic environmental situation in the very near future, even if it is one that
could be said to have a slow burn.
1 A beseeching B pleading C begging D imploring

2 A width B breadth C depth D height
3 A combat B counteract C hinder D resist
4 A break off B break up C break down D break out
5 A definitely B surely C conclusively D rightly
6 A Resolute B Harsh C Decisive D Definitive
7 A sent B addressed C directed D pitched
8 A Notwithstanding B Albeit C Nevertheless D Regarding
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Driverless cars
Imagine travelling on a crowded motorway filled with cars travelling at around 100
kilometres per hour – with just a couple of metres (9) _______________ each car.
Sounds nightmarish, doesn’t it? But this could be the reality of your
(10) _______________ commute in just a few years’ time.
When you arrive at work, you won’t be hunting for a parking space and paying for the
privilege of leaving your vehicle in the street. (11) _______________, you’ll wave it
goodbye and another car will be along to (12) _______________ you up when you’re
ready to return home.
According to its proponents, the rise of the driverless vehicle will

(13) _______________ in faster, safer, less stressful and cheaper car travel. The
optimists predict that it won’t be long before we are using them regularly. Elon Musk
thinks they could be a commercial reality by the 2020s, while BMW and Ford have
both said they expect to see companies buying entire (14) _______________ of
driverless vehicles by 2021!
There will be a complete change in the way we view the ownership of cars. Rather
than buying a personal car, we will buy (15) _______________ pay-as-you-go
services – meaning big savings in terms of insurance, car tax and maintenance. Our
cars sit (16) _______________ for most of the time – just imagine not paying for all
those hours when your car is not being used.
25
History’s m ost influential obscure scientist
“The world has used me so (17) _______________, I KIND

fear it has made me suspicious of everyone.”
These were the words of one or Victorian England’s most

(18) _______________ scientific researchers, a INNOVATE
paleontologist and fossil collector who spent a lifetime
hunting for finds in southern England. Their knowledge
and (19) _______________ did much to influence SEE
geological thinking.
The researcher had unlikely beginnings: one of ten

children, (20) _______________ in 1799 to a carpenter BEAR
and his wife in the small coastal town of Lyme Regis,
with a limited education and few opportunities to read
widely. However, the father’s sideline – selling fossils to
tourists – gave the young geologist a head start in
practical science. Their family shop was known
throughout Europe as a mecca for
(21) _______________ collectors and enthusiasts. COUNT
The rough seas along Englad’s south coast often cause

landslides, revealing fossils. Collecting them quickly can
be dangerous work. However, this often
(22) _______________ and difficult research has led to COM FORT
some amazing (23) _______________: ichthyosaurs, DISCOVER
plesiosaurs and pterosaurs.
And yet, with all this experience, this researcher was

denied membership of the eminent Geological Society of
London, and their research appeared only once in
scientific journals during their lifetime. What was the
reason for this (24) _______________? Mary Anning OBSCURE
was a woman.
26
25 The thing I love doing most is playing the guitar.

M ORE
There is __________________________ the guitar.
26 If the doctor had not called the ambulance so swiftly the man would have died.
IN
But for __________________________ the man would have died.
27 There is a possibility that this species of cat will become extinct.

DANGER
This species of cat __________________________ extinct.
28 When he was interviewed, the famous singer did not mention how his first
teacher had influenced him.
REFERENCE
The famous singer __________________________ of his first teacher in the
interview.
29 The audience suddenly started to applaud loudly.

SUDDEN
All __________________________ of applause from the audience.
30 The manager said that he had paid attention to my complaints and would take
the appropriate action.
NOTE
The manager said that he had __________________________ accordingly.
27
1 B pleading 5 C conclusively
2 B breadth 6 C Decisive
3 A combat 7 B addressed
4 C break down 8 A Notwithstanding
Part 2: Open cloze
9 between 13 result
10 daily 14 fleets
11 instead 15 into
12 pick 16 idle
17 unkindly 21 countless
18 innovative 22 uncomfortable
19 insight 23 discoveries
20 born 24 obscurity
25 nothing I love doing more than playing
26 the doctor’s swift action in calling the ambulance
27 is in danger of becoming
28 made no reference / did not make

to the influence
reference
29 of a sudden there was a loud round / a round
30 taken note of my complaints and would act / and would respond
90
Cambridge
C2 Proficiency
Use of English
Test 4
31
Hypertext M arkup Language (HTM L)
A derivative of SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), HTML, which

(1) _______________ Hypertext Markup Language was originally developed in the
early 1990s at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) laboratories,
Switzerland, by Tim Berners-Lee, the person (2) _______________ with creating the
internet.
Put simply, it brought the coding of content to the internet by defining the information
structure of web pages, (3) _______________ creating the World Wide Web. Yet,
unlike SGML, HTML is (4) _______________ more with formatting than structure. In
fact, HTML is just one application of SGML containing comparatively fewer ‘tags’ that
are recognisable by all web browsers. By (5) _______________ ‘hypertext’ links
within its structure, HTML includes a referential feature, (6) _______________ the
reader to move between HTML files, images, and other multimedia programmes
across the net.
A reason why (7) _______________ markup such as HTML is necessary for

presenting content in web pages is that the content must be device-independent. For
example, variables like line breaks and font size are ultimately (8) _______________
by the width of a browser’s window or the viewing device’s screen.
1 A stands for B sits for C appears for D answers for

2 A credited B invented C ascribed D recognised
3 A basically B ultimately C finally D conclusively
4 A concerned B concentrated C interested D affiliated
5 A entwining B embedding C ingraining D encompassing
6 A empowering B enabling C implementing D licensing
7 A correction B generic C mixed D collective
8 A decided B arbitrated C resolved D determined
32
M aking a difference
You should (9) _______________ believe that you are too young to make a
difference to the planet. (10) _______________, as an example, a 14-year-old school

student from Pittsburgh in the USA, Suvir Mirchandani. Suvir was perhaps a little
more environmentally aware than his peers. He certainly showed initiative,
persistence and innovation in his approach to reducing waste. His school, like most,
produced huge numbers of worksheets, fliers and letters home to parents. Of course,
many people complained (11) _______________ the amount of paper that was being
used, but Suvir went one (12) _______________ further. He wondered whether
switching fonts would make a difference to the amount of ink used by the school, and
he set out to discover which font was the most eco-friendly.
He looked at the five most commonly used characters in English, enlarged them,
printed them onto card and cut them (13) _______________. He did this in four of
the common computer fonts (Garamond, Times New Roman, Century Gothic and
Comic Sans). Weighing the size of each letter, he calculated that his school could
reduce its ink consumption by 24% – simply by switching to the thinner letters of
Garamond. He claimed that this would represent a saving of an incredible $21,000
per annum.
(14) _______________ further thought, Suvir made more ambitious claims,

estimating that a similar switch could save the US Federal Government $136 million.
His ideas grabbed the headlines, although further analysis undermined his bold
claims. Many pointed out that switching to paperless communication would save
(15) _______________ ink and paper. However, his ideas certainly succeeded in
focusing attention (16) _______________ one small change that could make a big
difference: an impressive feat for a teenager.
33
Lady Gaga
Lady Gaga is an American singer, song-writer, and

actress. She is one of the best-selling recording artists in
history, was nominated for an Oscar for her performance
in the film ‘A Star is Born’, and won an Oscar for the
film’s (17) _______________. SOUND
Her (18) _______________ dress-sense – Gaga wore RAGE

an outfit made of meat to the 2010 MTV Awards – has
also won her (19) _______________ from the US RECOGNISE
fashion industry.
Gaga, real name Stefani Germanotta, was born in 1986

in New York and began learning to play the piano at an
early age. By her teens she was performing regularly.
Her (20) _______________ album was 2008’s ‘The BREAK
Fame’, featuring her hit song ‘Poker Face’.
Her vocal style shows incredible (21) _______________ VERSATILE

and her albums have ranged (22) _______________ STYLE
from electronic pop to easy listening. She has always
focused on the visual aspects of performance and her
videos are often more like short films. Her live shows are
also famously (23) _______________ and often INNOVATE
controversial.
But Gaga is not just a performer. Her

(24) _______________ organisation Born This Way PHILANTHROPY
campaigns for young people and funds anti-bullying
projects, and she is a prominent advocate of LGBT
causes.
34
25 The children ignored me no matter how loudly I shouted.

TOOK
Even though I __________________________ me.
26 It is very probable that it will rain tomorrow.

EVERY
There __________________________ tomorrow.
27 Claire and Simon don’t agree about what is best for their children.
DIFFERENCE
Claire and Simon __________________________ concerning what is best for
their children.
28 It was a great surprise to us when Alaina arrived punctually yesterday.

ARRIVAL
Alaina took __________________________ yesterday.
29 Jake was very important when the proposal was drafted.

INSTRUM ENTAL
Jake was __________________________ of the proposal.
30 Her behaviour at the conference gave her the bad reputation she now has.
CONDUCTED
The way she __________________________ her being held in ill repute.
35
1 A stands for 5 B embedding
2 A credited 6 B enabling
3 B ultimately 7 B generic
4 A concerned 8 D determined
Part 2: Open cloze
9 never 13 out
10 Take 14 After
11 about 15 both
12 step 16 on
17 soundtrack 21 versatility
18 outrageous 22 stylistically
19 recognition 23 innovative
20 breakthrough 24 philanthropic
25 shouted loudly the children took no notice of
26 is every probability / is every chance /

it will rain / of rain
is every likelihood
27 have a difference / share a difference of opinion
28 us by surprise / us all by surprise with her punctual arrival
29 instrumental in the drafting
30 conducted herself at the conference resulted in
91
Cambridge
C2 Proficiency
Use of English
Test 5
Recording m usic at hom e
The release and (1) _______________ Number 1 smash hit ‘Your Woman’ by one-
man-band ‘White Town’ in 1997 undeniably proved that you could actually write,
record, release and achieve success as a musical (2) _______________ industry.
Using an 8-track recording device, Jyoti Mishra recorded the song in his
(3) _______________ room in Derby, England. He played it to his girlfriend, who
encouraged him to do something with it. He could only afford to have five copies
made, however, and so he sent one of them to Radio One, which soon started
playing it, and the song became the most requested track of the week. As a direct
consequence, he (4) _______________ a deal with EMI. When it was released, it
shot to Number 1 in the charts. Mishra (5) _______________ refused to appear in a
video or on British TV to promote it, yet it sold 165,000 copies during the first week.
Since the (6) _______________ of powerful home computers, home recording of

music has become a very popular hobby for musical enthusiasts, as well as an outlet
for (7) _______________ producers. No longer are expensive recording studios the
only option for prospective music producers. (8) _______________, a well-equipped
home studio, a few instruments and a whole lot of time, talent and energy are what
you need if you want to write the next big hit!
1 A following B posterior C consecutive D subsequent

2 A cottage B bungalow C farm D house
3 A extra B spare C back up D empty
4 A landed B took off C pitched D hooked
5 A completely B point-blank C utterly D surely
6 A advent B evolution C revolution D formulation
7 A budding B developing C blooming D possible
8 A Furthermore B Nonetheless C Rather D Nevertheless
40
News International *
(9) _______________ the year 2000, the Australian media mogul Rupert Murdoch’s
global business empire comprised more than 800 companies and boasted a
(10) _______________ worth of $5 billion.
(11) _______________ to the seemingly brutal, monopolistic nature of his ambitions,
his career has been the (12) _______________ of much criticism, with perhaps the
most bitter episode occurring in 1986 when his News International organisation,
(13) _______________ then included British newspapers the Sun, News of The
World, The Times and the Sunday Times), controversially relocated its London
printing business from Fleet Street to Wapping, replacing traditional letterpress
printing (14) _______________ new ‘phototypesetting’ technology.
The process famously saw the sacking of some 5,000 striking employees
(15) _______________ losing a single day’s production.
(16) _______________ to Linda Melvern in her book, The End of the Street, Murdoch
characterised the manufacturing aspect of the industry in 1985 as “three times the
number of jobs at five times the level of wages”.
* News International was a publishing empire that encompassed some of the UK’s most popular newspapers,
and formed part of a larger international conglomerate.
41
M otor Neurone Disease
There is no (17) _______________ cause of Motor KNOW

Neurone Disease (MND), nor is there a cure, and its
symptoms affect sufferers in different ways. Furthermore,
the rate at which the disease progresses is difficult to
determine. (18) _______________, for anyone who has TRAGEDY
the (19) _______________ to have it, the FORTUNE
(20) _______________ is terminal. PROGNOSE
Put simply, the disease slowly interrupts the electrical

messages sent by synapses in the brain to the muscles,
causing the sufferer to experience
(21) _______________ less mobility as time goes on. INCREASE
One by one, the synapses cease to transmit their
messages and, (22) _______________, the muscles CONSEQUENCE
stop working.
Researchers suspect that there may be a link between

MND and physical trauma, with studies performed on
rugby players producing evidence that players who
experienced repeated concussions during their playing
careers have a (23) _______________ chance of HEIGHT
developing the disease in later life. While this theory
divides the scientific community, scientists are agreed
that there is (24) _______________ no real known cause PRESENT
for the disease.
42
25 Jake was forced to accept what the council decided.

CHOICE
Jake __________________________ of the council.
26 Pupils are absolutely forbidden from using the teachers’ toilets.

ACCOUNT
On __________________________ teachers’ toilets.
27 Jackie’s friend suggested that she ignored the cruel children in her class.
ATTENTION
Jackie’s friend advised __________________________ the cruel children in
her class.
28 The thing I’d like most would be to see Mohammed again.

M ORE
There’s __________________________ see Mohammed again.
29 If you had not changed our original agreement, everything would have been
fine.
STUCK
Had __________________________ agreed, everything would have been fine.
30 In Susan’s opinion she hasn’t done anything she should apologise for.
CONCERNED
As __________________________ nothing for which an apology is deserved.
43
1 D subsequent 5 B point-blank
2 A cottage 6 A advent
3 B spare 7 A budding
4 A landed 8 C Rather
Part 2: Open cloze
9 By 13 which
10 net 14 with
11 Due 15 without
12 subject 16 According
17 known 21 increasingly
18 Tragically 22 consequentially
19 misfortune 23 higher / high / heightened
20 prognosis 24 presently
25 had no choice but to accept the decision
26 are pupils to use the / can pupils use the /

no account
should pupils use the
27 not paying any / her not to pay any /

attention to / any attention to
not paying / her not to pay
28 nothing I’d like / nothing I would like more than to
29 you stuck to / you stuck by what we originally / what we had
30 far as Susan is concerned she has done
92
Cambridge
C2 Proficiency
Use of English
Test 6
47
Doctor Who
Doctor Who is (1) _______________ regarded as one of the UK’s most successful
TV shows. It ran from 1963 until 1989, then returned to great (2) _______________
in 2005.
The Doctor is an adventurer who (3) _______________ from his home planet with a
stolen time machine. One (4) _______________ of the show is that the Doctor
regenerates instead of dying, giving the BBC a chance to change actor every few
years. There have now been thirteen Doctors.
One of the show’s iconic (5) _______________ is the TARDIS, the Doctor’s time
machine, which has two oddities. First, it is bigger on the inside than it is on the
outside. Second, it resembles an early 1960s police telephone box.
(6) _______________, they had made a dull blue box a national treasure.
The Doctor’s most famous foes are the Daleks, evil pepper-pot shaped robots whose
battle-cry ‘EX-TERMINATE!’ is widely (7) _______________ by school-children at
playtime. The show’s continuing high ratings means the BBC is
(8) _______________ to exterminate the Doctor any time soon.
1 A broadly B strongly C widely D highly

2 A acclaim B kudos C honour D commendation
3 A deserted B absconded C hightailed D broke
4 A strange B oddity C peculiarity D distinction
5 A characteristics B features C aspects D attributes
6 A Unwittingly B Erroneously C Meaninglessly D Thoughtlessly
7 A mimicked B mimed C made D fabricated
8 A improbable B unlikely C irresponsible D disliking
48
The am bush of Jess and Steven
“Hush,” she whispered to Steven, her younger brother, as they scrambled

(9) _______________ the steep stairs. They suspected they had heard someone
upstairs but wouldn’t be sure until they had investigated for (10) _______________
and (11) _______________ their own eyes upon him or her.
The creak of the bedroom door must have (12) _______________ them away,
because no (13) _______________ had they crept into their parent’s bedroom when
Dad jumped out! Jess screamed at the (14) _______________ of her voice, and then
laughed uncontrollably, falling to the floor as Dad tickled her. Steven wasn’t much
help. By that point he was bouncing on the big bed, trying to do a somersault and
(15) _______________ on his feet again.
The bubble burst as Mum came in to the bedroom and gave everyone a good telling
off. Dad, Jess and Steven fell quickly into line, standing to attention as Mum read
them all the riot (16) _______________ and told them all how silly they had been.
49
Olive oil
Italy is (17) _______________ an olive oil crisis as olive GO

harvests are declining rapidly. In 2018 a
(18) _______________ mix of spring frosts, a very dry DISASTER
summer and a rainy autumn caused a record low crop.
The cost to the Italian economy was, by some
economist’s (19) _______________, one billion euros. APPROXIM ATE
The cost to national pride may be even worse – if the
(20) _______________ trend continues, Italy may need DOW N
to turn to neighbouring countries to buy enough oil to
meet its domestic demand. The history of olive oil in Italy
goes back four thousand years, and the nation is proud
of its characteristic (21) _______________ (graced by LAND
more than 200 million trees).
The freak weather conditions of 2018 were attributed to

climate change, but nature also played a part. There was
a plague of flies that laid their eggs inside olives, making
them completely (22) _______________ for oil USE
production. Another invisible foe
(23) _______________ looms – the bacterium Xylella THREAT
fastidiosa – which has killed hundreds of thousands of
olive trees. The die-off began in the important olive-
producing region of Puglia (which used to produce 50%
of Italy’s oil), but is spreading north quickly.
(24) _______________, the disaster is impacting DOUBT

consumers outside of Italy, with a 30% price increase on
bottled oil. Although other countries continue to enjoy
good harvests, overall, olive oil is generally becoming
more scarce.
50
25 “Do not be deceived by the thieves' trickery,” the master warned his students.
TAKEN
The master warned his students __________________________ trickery.
26 I do not intend to make the same mistake again.

NO
I __________________________ same mistake again.
27 I doubt that we will be able to persuade the bank to lend us the money.
CHANCE
I think __________________________ the bank to lend money to us.
28 My two brothers don’t trust each other at all.

COM PLETE
There’s __________________________ my two brothers.
29 Those people who waited outside for hours and who didn’t get a ticket
deserve some consideration…
SPARE
You should __________________________ waited for hours and didn’t get a
ticket.
30 His work didn’t meet the standards that were considered acceptable.
CONFORM
His work __________________________ considered acceptable standards.
51
1 C widely 5 B features
2 A acclaim 6 A Unwittingly
3 B absconded 7 A mimicked
4 C peculiarity 8 B unlikely
Part 2: Open cloze
9 up 13 sooner
10 themselves 14 top
11 laid 15 land
12 given 16 act
17 undergoing 21 landscape
18 disastrous 22 useless
19 approximations 23 threateningly
20 downward 24 Undoubtedly
25 not to be / against being taken in by the thieves’
26 have no intention of making the
27 there is little chance of persuading / of us persuading
28 a complete lack of trust between
29 spare a thought for those who
30 did not conform to what were
93
Cambridge
C2 Proficiency
Use of English
Test 7
Clever Crows – the m ost intelligent birds?
Crows have yet again (1) _______________ scientists with their remarkable
problem-solving skills. A group of New Caledonian crows was presented with a
problem in which food was placed in a passageway too narrow for their beaks to
access. However, four out of eight birds (2) _______________ put together two short
sticks located nearby to make a longer fishing rod-type device to enable them to
reach the food. In the wild, crows have been known to also use leaves, rocks and
even their own feathers to (3) _______________ otherwise impossible tasks. They
even craft and use hooks to (4) _______________ insects.
How intelligence evolves was studied in one cleverly-designed experiment when

birds were (5) _______________ to use a kind of vending machine to
(6) _______________ rewards. By studying the birds’ cognitive abilities, the
researchers hope that their (7) _______________ could help the development of
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology. Presented with these tasks,
(8) _______________ anything crows would come upon in nature, scientists showed
how the birds adapted their own instinctual behaviour to complete the fabricated
tests.
1 A confounded B fazed C perturbed D distracted

2 A freely B unconsciously C spontaneously D willingly
3 A facilitate B alleviate C abridge D promote
4 A arrest B corral C snare D seduce
5 A propelled B caused C induced D prompted
6 A accomplish B gain C reap D glean
7 A findings B acquisitions C attainments D fallout
8 A different B contrary C unlike D distinct
56
The lightbulb
In 1879 the first commercially practical incandescent light was introduced to the
market by Thomas Alva Edison. However, he was neither the first
(9) _______________ the only person trying to invent an incandescent light bulb. In
fact, it is claimed by some historians that there were over 20 inventors of
incandescent lamps prior to Edison’s version, yet Edison is often credited
(10) _______________ the invention because his invention outdid the earlier
versions due to an effective, high-resistance material, which made power distribution
from a centralised source more economically viable, achieving a better vacuum
within the bulb. This combination of features set Edison’s bulb apart
(11) _______________ the competitors who had come before.
Humphry Davy invented the first electric light in 1802. Connected to a battery and
using a piece of carbon as a filament, the device glowed, but not for long, and was
much (12) _______________ bright for practical use. In 1840 Warren de la Rue
introduced a vacuum tube and passed an electric current (13) _______________ it.
In 1850 Joseph Wilson Swan came up (14) _______________ the name and idea of
a ‘light bulb’, enclosing carbonised paper filaments in an evacuated glass bulb, and
by 1860 had a working prototype. However, in the 1870s, better vacuum pumps
became available and Swan continued with his experiments until, in 1878, he
developed a (15) _______________ lasting light bulb using a treated cotton thread.
In 1874 a patent was filed by other inventors – Henry Woodward and Mathew
Evans. They eventually sold their patent to Edison in 1879. He went
(16) _______________ to develop, perfect and mass-produce light bulbs.
57
The Em ploym ent Acts of 1980 and 1982
With inflation in the United Kingdom peaking at 22% in

1980, and (17) _______________ reaching an EM PLOY
(18) _______________ three million by January 1982 PRECEDENT
(12.1% of the working population), a period of dramatic
technological change saw the entire British
manufacturing industry slowing down and
(19) _______________ disintegrate: economic recession EFFECT
on a global scale, cuts in educational funding, restrictions
in library budgets, and (20) _______________ in the CAPACITY
manufacturing industry saw the demise of many long-
standing British firms.
The introduction by the Conservative Party of the

Employment Acts of 1980 and 1982, which narrowed the
definition of a lawful trade dispute between workers and
employers to matters mainly employment-related (for
example, pay and work (21) _______________) gave ALLOCATE
rise to vigilant yet ultimately futile union efforts to
(22) _______________ the industry’s domestic FORTIFICATION
employment situation. The British newspaper industry
provides a stark instance of how desperate a time this
was when, in 1986, and despite fierce union
(23) _______________, the transition of production RESIST
methods literally occurred (24) _______________. NIGHT
58
25 Not until Wendy had arrived did Steven make his big announcement.
FOR
Steven __________________________ his big announcement.
26 The reason it has happened that way is a mystery to me.

LOSS
I am __________________________ it has happened like that.
27 I wasn’t at all surprised when I heard that Sophie had been promoted.
HEAR
It came __________________________ Sophie’s promotion.
28 The judge said that it was only because of the man’s age that she had not
sent him to prison.
HIS
The judge said that had it __________________________ sent the man to
prison.
29 They didn’t want to give up while some hope of success remained.

DEFEAT
They were loath __________________________ some hope of success.
30 The player described his childhood vividly in the interview.

ACCOUNT
When he was __________________________ his childhood.
59
1 A confounded 5 D prompted
2 C spontaneously 6 B gain
3 A facilitate 7 A findings
4 B snare 8 C unlike
Part 2: Open cloze
9 nor 13 through
10 with 14 with
11 from 15 longer
12 too 16 on
17 unemployment 21 allocation
18 unprecedented 22 fortify
19 effectively 23 resistance
20 overcapacity 24 overnight
25 waited for Wendy to arrive before making
26 at a complete loss / at a loss to understand why / to know why / as to why
27 as no surprise to me to hear of / to hear about
28 not been for his age she would have
29 to admit defeat while there was still
30 interviewed the player gave a vivid account of
94
Cambridge
C2 Proficiency
Use of English
Test 8
63
Producing and printing books
Book production at Cambridge University Press, the world’s oldest publisher and
longest continual printer, has evolved with the industry, adapting at its
(1) _______________ to successive technological shifts throughout a four-hundred-
year manufacturing (2) _______________. Perhaps surprisingly, given such a
(3) _______________ period of time, there have been just two major changes to the
process by which text is prepared (4) _______________ to being mechanically
printed to paper.
Johannes Gutenburg’s publishing innovation of 1450, by which the setting of

individual characters of metal type in devices called ‘braces’ or ‘matrices’
(5) _______________ for the first time the (6) _______________ of printed sheets of
text, and remained until the second half of the nineteenth century the fundamental
production standard.
The introduction of phototypesetting in the 1950s and the increasing popularity

(7) _______________ the publishing industry of printing by offset lithography saw an
end to almost half a millennium of letterpress typesetting as the
(8) _______________ service offered by Cambridge University Press.
1 A forethought B forerunner C forefront D foremost

2 A legacy B estate C leftover D inheritance
3 A profound B vast C far-reaching D gigantic
4 A before B anterior C former D prior
5 A enabled B empowered C permitted D ensured
6 A discovery B introduction C evolution D proliferation
7 A across B over C under D upon
8 A fundamental B primary C underlying D elementary
64
The Portable Docum ent Form at
You have, without doubt, seen or used the document format about which you are
going to read. (9) _______________ it was released in 1994, Adobe’s PDF, which
was initially developed for the office environment, quickly became the tool of
(10) _______________ for designers and graphical artists everywhere. The world,
and in particular, business (and therefore the office world) are jam-packed with
names of organisations such as ‘NASA’ and ‘UNICEF’. There are even expressions
that we abbreviate to make them quicker to say (‘ASAP’ springs to
(11) _______________).
(12) _______________ everyone knows that the acronym PDF means ‘Portable
Document Format’, so it is quite okay to refer to the document as ‘a PDF file’. A
succinct definition is that ‘PDF’ is a file format for representing documents in a
standardised way, (13) _______________ of the application software, hardware, and
operating system used to create them.
This means, essentially, that however the original material is presented, once that
content has been converted to PDF, the original presentation will be retained. It’s
hard to appreciate quite (14) _______________ revolutionary this invention was, but
it’s (15) _______________ harder to imagine a world without it. It has become
ubiquitous in the office and in all walks of (16) _______________, even if the exact
meaning of the acronym might sometimes be forgotten.
65
The Spanish Flu
The Spanish Flu (17) _______________ of 1918 was BREAK

one of the worst pandemics the modern world has ever
known, and is said to have claimed more lives than the
(18) _______________ First World War, which ended CATASTROPHE
the same year.
That particular virus was so called not because it actually

started in Spain. Due to the fact that none of the
(19) _______________ in that most terrible of conflicts at PARTICIPATE
the time wanted to admit they had such a problem
ravaging the population, in case it was seen as a sign of
weakness, the news went (20) _______________. Spain REPORT
was neutral in the War and had no reason to hide the
news of the devastating illness. So, the virus was first
reported there, and hence, Spain, rather
(21) _______________, gave this particular flu its name. FAIR
The Spanish Flu spread to every corner of the world, with

reports of the decimation of communities in places such
as Western Samoa, and Alaska. (22) _______________ SCIENCE
compiled estimations state that at least 50 million –
perhaps as many as 100 million – people died as a
result.
To put that in context – in the four years of the First

World War, an estimated 16 million military
(23) _______________ lost their lives, and it is PERSON
estimated a (24) _______________ total of 37 million STAGGER
people died as a result of the conflict. Still, the total
deaths related to The Spanish Flu far exceeded that
terrible number.
66
25 The company is rumoured to have lost a huge amount of money in the past
year because of fierce competition.
SUSTAINED
Apparently the company has __________________________ to fierce
competition.
26 Mr Smith asked if the client minded if he started things off.

OBJECTION
“Do you have __________________________ rolling?” asked Mr Smith
27 Mrs Smart was well known as a bad-tempered person.

REPUTATION
Mrs Smart’s __________________________ well known.
28 So that he would be able to leave the room quickly, Mathew stood by the door.
POSITIONED
Mathew __________________________ to be able to leave the room quickly.
29 It had been a terrible day, but I cheered up when I saw my kids again.
SIGHT
After a terrible day my spirits __________________________ of my kids
again.
30 Do you have any idea about how Sarah managed to make the money she
needed to buy that house?
LIGHT
Can __________________________ enough money to buy that house?
67
Cambridge
C2 Proficiency
Use of English
Test 9
The fourth industrial revolution
Many commentators now consider that we are on the (1) _______________ of a

fourth industrial revolution and that, by 2050, the world will be transformed in many
fundamental ways.
AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology is creating machines that can not only process
information much more quickly than the human brain, (2) _______________ also
learn from experience. Research in Robotics makes great (3) _______________
forward every year. Increased functionality and miniaturisation means that robots are
even being trialled in such ‘human’ areas as the service industry. Taking the
healthcare (4) _______________ as an example, it’s now possible to predict a
completely different experience for a patient ten years from now. Using machine
learning and large data sets, AIs can already diagnose conditions from photographs
or from the characteristic sound of a cough. Once diagnosed, patients might find they
are treated by robots too. Robotic surgery is already (5) _______________ in the
United States, and robots that care for the needs of the elderly are already being
used in Japan.
Of course, whether all this is positive or negative depends on your point of view.
Some futurists predict that, rather than taking jobs, automation will simply remove the
‘boring’ parts – (6) _______________ leaving humans free to (7) _______________
more interesting work. Reduced working hours and commuting times could also be
an outcome – leaving people more free to follow their own interests. And the
(8) _______________ increase in productivity will mean there is more wealth to
support the young, the elderly, and the unemployed.
1 A edge B brink C fringe D frontier

2 A though B so C and D but
3 A strides B hops C lunges D marches
4 A sector B area C division D field
5 A customary B commonplace C obvious D humdrum
6 A thus B furthermore C insofar D although
7 A attend B chase C catch D pursue
8 A total B overall C downright D complete
72
The richest person in history
Although Jeff Bezos and Bill Gates are super rich by modern standards
(9) _______________ is by any means the richest person of all time. In fact their
huge fortunes are dwarfed by the wealth of Mansa Musa, the 14th-century West
African ruler.
Born in Mali in 1280, Musa was born (10) _______________ a dynasty of rulers.
When his ruling brother abdicated in 1312, taking some 2,000 ships with him to find
out what lay on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, Mansa Musa ascended the
throne.
Musa Keita I amassed a vast fortune from the plentiful resources found throughout
his territory, such as gold and salt. His incredible wealth was, however,
(11) _______________ one part of his incredible legacy. He was a devote Muslim
and (12) _______________ such undertook his pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324. The
sheer scale of the endeavour is breath-taking with reported figures of 60,000
soldiers, entertainers and other civilians, and as many as 12,000 slaves making up
the enormous caravan. Musa lavished so much gold (13) _______________ some
places when he visited that he alledgedly de-stabilised their economies.
By the time he returned to Mali he had been elevated to near legendary status and
his fame had (14) _______________ to all corners of the world.
The Catalan map of 1375 depicted the ruler holding a sceptre and a gleaming gold
nugget. (15) _______________ today, mosques, mausoleums and libraries can be
found, monuments that were built by the richest person who (16) _______________
lived.
73
Vlogging
If I'd told my parents that my career plan was to sit in my

bedroom sharing (17) _______________ videos on HOM E
YouTube, they'd probably have had heart attacks!
(18) _______________, there are thousands of SURPRISE

YouTubers trying to (19) _______________ build SUCCEED
businesses. I get asked for advice every day. The
problem with most YouTubers is that they treat vlogging
like a hobby, not like a career (20) _______________. OPPORTUNE
So, here are the four pieces of advice I give to aspiring

vloggers.
Collaborate, don't (21) _______________. There's plenty COM PETITION

of audience to go round, so why not work with other
vloggers? (22) _______________ brings benefits. OPERATE
Get personal: Your audience likes you ‘warts and all’.
Develop a work ethic: Vlogging is not your usual nine-to-

five, but that doesn't mean it's not a job.
Get a manager: A lot of vloggers start young and find

(23) _______________ negotiating with big brands. SELF
Follow these simple rules and you too could be an

outstanding vlogger… maybe.
To be (24) _______________, luck might be just as HONESTY

important as working at it. So always have a Plan B.
74
25 I should have had the car serviced last month.

BETTER
It __________________________ car serviced last month.
26 We must remember what age the woman is when we design her fitness
routine.
ACCOUNT
A woman’s __________________________ fitness routine is designed.
27 I thought Marina’s original plan was to move to Spain.

IM PRESSION
I was __________________________ to move to Spain.
28 The officer thought it was an absolute miracle that no one was killed in the
accident.
SHORT
The fact that they survived the accident was __________________________
officer’s opinion.
29 The way you look at life would be greatly improved if you did some exercise.
W ONDERS
A bit of exercise would __________________________ outlook on life.
30 There are often attacks by insects at this resort.

PRONE
This resort __________________________ by insects.
75
1 B brink 5 B commonplace
2 D but 6 A hence
3 A strides 7 D pursue
4 A sector 8 B overall
Part 2: Open cloze
9 neither 13 on
10 into 14 spread
11 only / but /just 15 Still
12 as 16 ever
17 homemade 21 compete
18 Unsurprisingly 22 Cooperation
19 Successfully 23 themselves
20 opportunity 24 honest
25 would have been better to have had the
26 age must be taken into account when a
27 under the impression / under the

Marina was originally planning
impression that
28 nothing short of a miracle in the / of miraculous in the
29 do wonders for your
30 is prone to being attacked / to attacks
96
Cambridge
C2 Proficiency
Use of English
Test 10
79
Specs
Have you (1) _______________ worn glasses? If you have, you’ll

(2) _______________ appreciate how difficult life could be if you did not have the
options to treat your sight problem.
The oldest image of glasses in existence is a 1351 painting of a Cardinal, though it is

thought that, in around 1000 AD, we saw the (3) _______________ of a contraption
that took the form of a spherical glass and was used to magnify written words on a
page. An Italian man was later (4) _______________ with inventing wearable
spectacles, in 1284. So, how did people with poor eyesight get by before then?
(5) _______________ vision is an extremely common human problem, and it

probably always has been. In fact, until relatively recently, glasses would have been
beyond the financial capacity of most people. Surely the hunter or warrior would be
(6) _______________ affected by such an affliction. If the ability to read has not
always been a priority, the ability to care for yourself has. It (7) _______________ the
question as to the extent of the problem in the developing world.
The next time we open our eyes, perhaps we shouldn’t take how we see the world for
(8) _______________.
1 A never B ever C had D been

2 A undoubtedly B unexpectedly C unsurely D indescribably
3 A coming B evolution C advent D discovery
4 A credited B reimbursed C blamed D attributed
5 A Wasting B Deteriorating C Regressing D Corroding
6 A drastically B really C completely D remarkably
7 A supplicates B begs C asks D makes
8 A granted B given C sure D ride
80
W orking from hom e
Whenever I tell someone that I work from home, nine times out of ten they will make
a joke (9) _______________ how much television I must watch, or how many naps I
must (10) _______________ instead of working. Usually, they will comment that they
couldn’t do it (11) _______________ as they lack the self-discipline. In my
experience, (12) _______________ worked from home for several years now,
discipline doesn’t come (13) _______________ the equation.
If you have to earn money, which I do, then you will work as hard as you possibly can
to do so. I barely have time to (14) _______________ a breath during my day, such
is the amount of work I must do, and, at times, it does get lonely, but I wouldn’t work
in an office again, that’s for sure. The freedom I’m afforded (15) _______________
being my own boss far outweighs any benefits for which you might be eligible when
working for a company.
But when I am asked how I ever manage to get any work done with all the
distractions that (16) _______________ with being at home, I just laugh and say ‘It’s
okay, my boss is very understanding’.
81
Banksy – street artist extraordinaire
Banksy’s (17) _______________ spontaneous creations SEEM

began (18) _______________ up in urban areas – POP
namely Bristol and then London, England. The works by
the anonymous English-based street artist have turned
him into the hippest and most highly SEEK
(19) _______________ after artist working today.
He is a (20) _______________ name all over the world. HOUSE

His works have transcended the art gallery, appealing to
the common man, before making their way back into the
auction rooms of the world and raising huge sums.
His (21) _______________ street art is executed using a SATIRE

distinctive stenciling technique. The politically charged
work is in fact a social (22) _______________, and has COM M ENT
often appeared on walls, bridges and self-built props
throughout the world.
His (23) _______________ are regularly resold, albeit INSTALL

sometimes by actually removing the whole section of wall
on which they are painted. His work is at once extremely
fashionable and (24) _______________ acclaimed. CRITIC
82
25 “We’ll leave first thing Tuesday unless Zara’s plans change before
Monday," I said.
NO
Provided __________________________ now and Monday we’ll leave first
thing Tuesday,” I said.
26 George found it very easy to invent science-fiction stories.

COM ING
George had no __________________________ science-fiction stories.
27 The detective reported that, as far as he knew, the suspect was not lying.
SUPPOSE
“I’ve got __________________________ the truth,” said the detective.
28 She tried as hard as she could to make sure that this problem would not arise.
POW ER
She __________________________ this problem from arising.
29 Marcus was offended when he was not included in the team.

EXCEPTION
Marcus __________________________ out of the team.
30 Tracey has finally accepted that their friendship is over.

TERM S
Tracey has finally __________________________ their friendship is over.
83
1 B ever 5 B Deteriorating
2 A undoubtedly 6 A drastically
3 D discovery 7 B begs
4 A credited 8 A granted
Part 2: Open cloze
9 about 13 into
10 take 14 catch
11 themselves 15 by
12 having 16 come
17 seemingly 21 satirical
18 popping 22 commentary
19 sought 23 installations
20 household 24 critically
25 there are no changes to Sarah’s plans between
26 problem / difficulty / problem in /

coming up with
difficulty in
27 no reason to suppose he is not telling
28 did everything in her power to prevent / to stop
29 took exception to being left
30 come to terms with the fact that
97

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Cambridge

The bicycle has continued to be an understated symbol of innovation and evolution, if

1 A takes B gives C bears D makes

The first Apple M ac

Competing fiercely (9) _______________ a share of the emerging home-computer

Animal hybrids – the (17) _______________ of two SPRING

Although mules are famously unable to bear young, it is

And there can be definite advantages to hybridisation in

Some hybrids are only possible in

Often, of course, hybrids become new species in their

25 The teacher was not very clear when he spoke at times.

26 They had difficulty in deciding due to the huge choice.

28 The weather forecast says it will probably rain tonight.

Part 1: Multiple choice

Part 2: Open cloze

Part 3: Word formation

Part 4: Key word transformation

25 there was a lack of clarity when

26 it difficult / it more difficult to reach

27 up hope of winning the game despite

28 probability (that) it will / probability of /

29 were justified in making such

30 interference everything would have gone smoothly

1 A unconvincing B implausible C imported D inconclusive

public transport is by no (13) _______________ uncommon, as the use of private

The chupacabra, or chupacabras, is a blood-thirsty, mystery

The creature was first reported as late as 1995 on the island of

As with most monsters, there is precious little physical

Some evidence for the creature’s (22) _______________ EXIST

25 They took the decision to stop playing after it got dark.

26 You can only fish in the park if you have a permit.

28 The concert would have been held outdoors, but it rained.

29 Barry is faced with many problems during his working week.

Part 1: Multiple choice

Part 2: Open cloze

Part 3: Word formation

Part 4: Key word transformation

25 darkness fell did they take the decision to / decide to

26 in the park is / here is / is restricted unless

27 that the portrait bore no resemblance to

28 had rained the concert would have taken place

29 lot of problems to contend with / with which to contend

30 himself to the possibility of losing

Some plastics take thousands of years to (4) _______________. Recently, birds’

(6) _______________ action is required at a global governmental level. Consumers

1 A beseeching B pleading C begging D imploring

According to its proponents, the rise of the driverless vehicle will

History’s m ost influential obscure scientist

“The world has used me so (17) _______________, I KIND

These were the words of one or Victorian England’s most

The researcher had unlikely beginnings: one of ten

The rough seas along Englad’s south coast often cause

And yet, with all this experience, this researcher was

25 The thing I love doing most is playing the guitar.

27 There is a possibility that this species of cat will become extinct.

29 The audience suddenly started to applaud loudly.

Part 1: Multiple choice

4 C break down 8 A Notwithstanding

Part 2: Open cloze

Part 3: Word formation