Karnataka Class 10 Maths Important Questions

Question 1: Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, A = {2, 3} and B = {3, 4, 5}.

Find A′, B′, A′ ∩ B′, A ∪ B and hence show that ( A ∪ B )′ = A′∩
B′.

Solution:
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} , A = {2, 3} and B = {3, 4, 5}
A' = {1, 4, 5, 6}
B' = {1, 2, 6}
A′ ∩ B′ = {1, 6}
(A U B) = {2, 3, 4, 5}
(A ∪ B )′ = {1, 6}
A′ ∩ B′ = {1, 6}
(A ∪ B)′ = A′ ∩ B′

Question 2: Prove that 2 + √3 is an irrational number.

Solution:
If (2 + √3) is rational, then,
(2 + √3) = a / b (say) where a and b are integers and b ≠ 0
⇒ √3 = a / b − (2)
⇒ √3 = [a − 2b] / b …(1)
∵ a and b are integers
∴ a - 2b is also an integer.
⇒ (a − 2b) / b is rational.
The L.H.S. of equation (1) is the square root of a prime number.
So, it is irrational and R.H.S. is rational.
It is a contradiction because a rational number and an irrational number can never
be equal.
So, our assumption of 2 + √3 being rational is wrong.
Hence, 2 + √3 is an irrational number.

Question 3: Find the sum of all 2 digit natural numbers that are divisible by 5.

Solution:
The two-digit natural numbers divisible by 5 are 10, 20 ...... 90, 95
The series forms an arithmetic progression.
The last term is an = a + (n - 1) d
95 = 10 + (n - 1) 5
95 - 10 = (n - 1) 5
85 / 5 = n - 1
17 = n - 1
17 + 1 = 18 = n
n = 18
Sum of n numbers in a series is given by,
Sn = (n / 2) (a + an)
= (18 / 2) (10 + 95)
= 9 * 105
= 945

Question 4: If 2 (nP2) + 50 = 2nP2, then find the value of n.

Solution:
n
Pr = n! / (n - r)!
2 (nP2) + 50 = 2nP2
2 * (n! / (n - 2)!) + 50 = 2n! / (2n - 2)!
2 * [n (n - 1) (n - 2)! / (n - 2)!] + 50 = 2n (2n - 1) (2n - 2)! / (2n - 2)!
2n (n - 1) + 50 = 2n (2n - 1)
2n2 - 2n + 50 = 4n2 - 2n
2n2 = 50
n2 = 50 / 2
= 25
n = √25
n=5
Question 5: Rationalise the denominator and simplify [3√2] /
[√5 − √2].

Solution:
[3√2] / [√5 − √2]
= {[3√2] / [√5 − √2]} * {[√5 + √2] / [√5 + √2]}
= [3√2 √5 + 3√2 √2] / [(√5)2 - (√2)2]
= [3√10 + 6] / 3
= 3 (√10 + 2) / 3
= √10 + 2

Question 6: A box has 4 red and 3 black marbles. Four marbles are picked up
randomly. Find the probability that two marbles are red.

Solution:
There are 7 marbles, out of these 4 marbles can be drawn in 7C4 = 35 ways.
∴ n (S) = 35
Two marbles out of 4 red marbles can be drawn in 4C2 = 6 ways.
The remaining 2 marbles must be black and they can be drawn in 3C2 = 3 ways.
∴ n (A) = 4C2 3C2 = 6 * 3 = 18
P (A) = n (A) / n (S)
= 18 / 35

Question 7: Calculate the standard deviation for the following scores: 5, 6, 7,

8, 9.

Solution:

x x2
5 25
6 36
 7 49
8 64
9 81
∑x = 35 ∑x2 = 255

Standard deviation = √(∑x2 / N) - (∑x / N)2

= √(255 / 5) - (35 / 5)2
= √51 - 49
= √2
= 1.414

Question 8: Find the radius of a circle whose centre is (– 5, 4) and which

passes through the point (– 7, 1).

Solution:
(x1, y1) = (– 5, 4)
(x2, y2) = (– 7, 1)
∴ d = √(x2 − x1)2 + (y2 − y1)2
Radius of the circle = √[−7 − (−5)]2 + (1 − 4) 2

= √(− 7 + 5)2 + (– 3)2

= √(−2)2 + (−3)2
= √4 + 9
r = √13

Question 9: In Δ ABC, DE | |BC, if AD = 2 cm, DB = 5 cm and AE = 4 cm, find

AC.
Solution:
In Δ ABC, DE || BC
∴ AD / DB = AE / EC [BPT]
2 / 5 = 4 / EC
EC = (4 * 5) / 2
= 10 cm
∴ AC = AE + EC
= 4 + 10
= 14 cm

Question 10: If cos θ = 5 / 13, then find the value of (sin θ + cos θ) / (sin θ - cos
θ).

Solution:

cos θ = 5 / 13 = AB / AC
In triangle ABC, B = 90o.
BC2 = AC2 - AB2
BC2 = 132 - 52
BC = √169 - 25
= √144
= 12
sin θ = 12 / 13
(sin θ + cos θ) / (sin θ - cos θ)
= [(12 / 13) + (5 / 13)] / [(12 / 13) - (5 / 13)]
= (17 / 13) * (13 / 7)
= (17 / 7)

Question 11: From the top of a building 20 m high, the angle of elevation of
the top of a vertical pole is 30° and the angle of depression of the foot of the
same pole is 60°. Find the height of the pole.

Solution:

In △BED, DBE = 30o

tan 30o = DE / BE
1 / √3 = (x - 20) / BE
BE = √3 (x - 20)
In △ABC, ACB = 60o
tan 60o = AB / AC
√3 = 20 / [√3 (x - 20)]
3 (x - 20) = 20
3x - 60 = 20
3x = 80
x = 80 / 3 = 26.6 cm
Height of the pole = 26.6 cm

Question 12: A solid metallic cylinder of diameter 12 cm and height 15 cm is

melted and recast into toys in the shape of a right circular cone mounted on a
hemisphere as shown in the figure. If radii of the cone and hemisphere are
each equal to 3 cm and the height of the toy is 7 cm, calculate the number of
such toys that can be formed.

Solution:
Height of the cone = h = 24 cm
Slant height of the cone = l = 25 cm.
∴ Lateral Surface Area of the cone = πrl
= π × 7 × 25 sq.cm
= 175 π sq.cm.
Lateral Surface Area of the cylinder = 2πrh
= 2π × 7 × 30 sq.cm
= 420 π sq.cm.
Lateral Surface Area of the hemisphere = 2πr2
= 2π × 72
= 98π sq.cm.
Total Surface Area of the solid = Lateral Surface Area of the cone + Lateral
Surface Area of the cylinder + Lateral Surface Area of the hemisphere
= (175 π + 420 π + 98 π) sq.cm.
= (22 / 7) * 693
= 2178 sq.cm.
Cost of painting = (2178 * 10) / 100
= Rs. 217·8

Question 13: Find three consecutive positive integers such that the sum of the
square of the first integer and the product of the other two is 92.

Solution:
Let x, (x + 1) and (x + 2) be the three consecutive positive integers.
According to the given,
x2 + (x + 1) (x + 2) = 92
x2 + x2 + 2x + x + 2 = 92
2x2 + 3x + 2 – 92 = 0
2x2 + 3x – 90 = 0
2x2 – 12x + 15x – 90 = 0
2x (x – 6) + 15 (x – 6) = 0
(x – 6) (2x + 15) = 0
x – 6 = 0, 2x + 15 = 0
x = 6, x = - 15 / 2
The value of x cannot be negative.
Therefore, x = 6
Hence, the required three consecutive positive integers are 6, 7 and 8.

Question 14: At constant pressure, a certain quantity of water at 24°C is

heated. It was observed that the rise in temperature was found to be 4°C per
minute. Calculate the time required to raise the temperature of water to
100°C at sea level by using formula.

Solution:
The temperature of the water is at 24 degrees and raised by 4 degrees per minute.
This forms an arithmetic progression 24, 28 , 32, 36, ....100
a = 24
d=4
Tn = a + (n - 1)d
100 = 24 + (n - 1) 4
76 = (n - 1) 4
76 / 4 = (n - 1)
19 = (n - 1)
19 + 1 = n
20 = n

Question 15: Draw a chord of length 6 cm in a circle of radius 5 cm. Measure

and write the distance of the chord from the centre of the circle.

Solution:

Radius = 5 cm
Length of chord AB = 6 cm
The distance of the chord from the centre O is OC = 4 cm (by measure)
Question 16: A student while conducting an experiment on Ohm’s law, plotted
the graph according to the given data. Find the slope of the line obtained.

Solution:
From the given graph:
(x1, y1) = (1, 2)
(x2, y2) = (2, 4)
(x3, y3) = (3, 6)
(x4, y4) = (4, 8)
Slope = (y4 – y1) / (x4 – x1)
= (8 – 2) / (4 – 1)
=6/3
=2
Hence, the slope of the line obtained is 2.

Question 17: Draw the plan for the information given below: (Scale 20 m = 1
cm).
Solution:

Question 18: A dealer sells an article for Rs. 16 and loses as much per cent as
the cost price of the article. Find the cost price of the article.

Solution:
Let x be the cost price of the article.
Loss percentage = x%
The selling price of the article = Rs. 16
Loss percentage = (Loss/CP) × 100
x = (loss/x) × 100
x2 = 100 × loss
⇒ Loss = x2 / 100
⇒ x – 16 = x2 / 100
⇒ x2 = 100x – 1600
⇒ x2 – 100x + 1600 = 0
⇒ x2 – 80x – 20x + 1600 = 0
⇒ x (x – 80) – 20 (x – 80) = 0
⇒ (x – 80) (x – 20) = 0
⇒ x = 80, x = 20
Therefore, the cost price of the article is Rs. 20 or Rs. 80.

Question 19: A solid is in the form of a cone mounted on a right circular

cylinder, both having the same radii as shown in the figure. The radius of the
base and height of the cone is 7 cm and 9 cm respectively. If the total height of
the solid is 30 cm, find the volume of the solid.

Solution:
The radius of the circular base of the cylinder and cone = r = 7 cm
Height of the cone = h = 9 cm
The total height of the solid = 30 cm
Thus, height of the cylinder = H = 30 – 9 = 21 cm
Volume of cone = (1 / 3) πr2h
= (1 / 3) × (22 / 7) × 7 × 7 × 9
= 22 × 7 × 3
= 462 cm3
Volume of cylinder = πr2H
= (22 / 7) × 7 × 7 × 21
= 22 × 7 × 21
= 3234 cm3
Therefore, the total volume of the solid = 462 + 3234 = 3696 cm3.

Question 20: State and prove Basic Proportionality (Thale’s) theorem.

Solution:

Statement: If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other
two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.

Proof:
In triangle ABC, a line parallel to side BC intersects other two sides namely AB
and AC at D and E respectively.
Join BE and CD.
Also, draw DM ⊥ AC and EN ⊥ AB.

Area of ∆ ADE = 1 / 2 (AD × EN)

Area (∆ ADE) = 1 / 2 (AD × EN)

Similarly,
Area (∆ BDE) = 1 / 2 (DB × EN)
Area (∆ ADE) = 1 / 2 (AE × DM)
Area (∆ DEC) = 1 / 2 (EC × DM)
Area (∆ ADE) / Area (∆ BDE) = [1 / 2 AD × EN)] / [1 / 2 (DB ×
EN)]
= AD / DB ….(i)
Area (∆ ADE) / Area (∆ DEC) = [1 / 2 (AE × DM)] / [1 / 2 (EC ×
DM)]
= AE / EC ….(i)
Triangle BDE and DEC are on the same base DE and between the same parallels.
Therefore, area (∆ BDE) = area (∆ DEC) ….(iii)
From (i), (ii) and (iii),
AD / DB = AE / EC
Hence proved.