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    volleyball_project_improved

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    PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROJECT

    TOPIC – VOLLEYBALL
    BY: SHUBHAM CHOPADE
    CLASS: XII B
    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
    I am very grateful to our PE teacher, Shubhangi madam for her valuable inputs and
    guidance on this project.
    INTRODUCTION
    Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each
    team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized
    rules.

    The complete set of rules is extensive, but play essentially proceeds as follows: a player
    on one of the teams begins a 'rally' by serving the ball (tossing or releasing it and then
    hitting it with a hand or arm), from behind the back boundary line of the court, over the
    net, and into the receiving team's court. The receiving team must not let the ball be
    grounded within their court. The team may touch the ball up to three times to return the
    ball to the other side of the court, but individual players may not touch the ball twice
    consecutively.
    HISTORY
    William G. Morgan invented the sport in 1895 while he was the YMCA physical
    education director in Holyoke, Massachusetts. Because he originally derived the game
    from badminton, he initially named the sport mintonette. He was a one-time student of
    basketball inventor James Naismith and invented the game for his clients at the YMCA,
    most of whom were middle-aged businessmen for whom the physical demands of
    basketball were too great.
    GROUND MEASUREMENTS
    A volleyball court is 9 m × 18 m (29.5 ft × 59.1 ft), divided into equal square halves by a
    net with a width of one meter (39.4 in). The top of the net is 2.43 m (7 ft 11 11⁄16 in)
    above the center of the court for men's competition, and 2.24 m (7 ft 4 1⁄4 in) for
    women's competition, varied for veterans and junior competitions.
    EQUIPMENTS
    - Volleyball balls

    - Volleyball Net

    - Kneepads

    - Shoes
    FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS
    Competitive teams master six basic skills: serve, pass, set, attack, block and dig.

    1. Serve: A player stands behind the inline and serves the ball in an attempt to drive it
    into the opponent's court.

    2. Pass: Also called reception, the pass is the attempt by a team to properly handle the
    opponent's serve or any form of attack.

    3. Set: The set is usually the second contact that a team makes with the ball.
    RULES AND REGULATIONS
    - Only 6 players on the floor at any given time: 3 in the front row and 3 in the back row.

    - Points are made on every serve for the winning team of the rally (rally-point scoring).

    - Players may not hit the ball twice in succession (a block is not considered a hit).

    - Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on a serve.

    - A ball hitting a boundary line is in.

    - A ball is out if it hits an antennae, the floor completely outside the court, or any non-
    playable area.

    TERMINOLOGIES
    - ACE
    A serve that is not passable and results immediately in a point.

    - APPROACH
    Fast stride toward the net by a spiker before he jumps in the air.

    - ATTACK
    The offensive action of hitting the ball.

    - BACK SET
    A set delivered behind the setter’s back, which is subsequently hit by an attacker.
    FAMOUS PLAYERS
    - Karch Kiraly

    - Jimmy George

    - Ivan Zaytsev

    - Mike Bright

    - Larry Rundle

    - Pedro Velasco
    AWARDS
    - FIVB Grand Cross Award: The highest honour from the International Volleyball
    Federation (FIVB).

    - Indira Pradhan Trophy: A trophy related to volleyball.

    - Centennial Cup: A trophy related to volleyball.

    - Shivanthi Gold Cup: A trophy related to volleyball.


    ILLEGAL ATTACKS
    - Back row player blocking when the back row player is near the net and has part of their
    body above the top of the net.

    - Back row player attacking a ball inside the front zone (the area inside the 3M/10-foot
    line) when the ball is completely above the net.
    FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS (CONTINUED)
    4. Attack: The attack, also known as the spike, is usually the third contact a team makes
    with the ball.

    5. Block: Blocking refers to the actions taken by players standing at the net to stop or
    alter an opponent's attack.

    6. Dig: Digging is the ability to prevent the ball from touching one's court after a spike or
    attack.
    BIBLIOGRAPHY
    - Wikipedia

    - Google

    INTRODUCTION
    Volleyball is a globally popular team sport played between two teams of six players each.
    The goal of the game is to score points by sending the ball over the net and grounding it
    onto the opponent's court. This sport was invented by William G. Morgan in 1895,
    inspired by badminton, basketball, and tennis. Volleyball has become one of the most
    played and watched sports worldwide, featuring both indoor and beach volleyball
    competitions.

    Modern-day volleyball includes various international championships such as the FIVB


    Volleyball World Cup, Olympic Games, and regional tournaments.
    VOLLEYBALL COURT LAYOUT
    Below is an image representation of a standard volleyball court layout, showing
    dimensions, zones, and important markings essential for competitive play.
    HISTORY
    The first rules of volleyball were written in 1895, with the game initially named
    'Mintonette'. Over time, the sport evolved with improvements in its rules, court layout,
    and techniques. Alfred Halstead observed the unique volleying characteristic of the game,
    leading to the renaming of the sport as 'volleyball'.

    Volleyball gained widespread recognition during the early 20th century when it was
    adopted by YMCA and other international organizations. The introduction of
    international championships and the formation of FIVB in 1947 helped globalize the
    sport.
    TERMINOLOGIES
    Here are some important volleyball terminologies that every player and enthusiast should
    know:

    - **ACE**: A serve that is not returnable and results in a point.


    - **BLOCK**: A defensive action at the net to stop an opponent's attack.
    - **DIG**: A skill used to receive or defend against an opponent's spike.
    - **SPIKE**: An offensive move where the ball is hit forcefully over the net.
    - **SET**: The act of positioning the ball for an attacker to spike.
    BIBLIOGRAPHY
    1. Wikipedia - Volleyball: Rules, History, and Competitions.

    2. Google Articles - Evolution of Volleyball.

    3. Official FIVB Website - International Rules and Court Dimensions.

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