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    Neurotransmitters. Study Pool

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    Neurotransmitters. Study Pool

    Uploaded by

    hajarslimaoui49
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    Neurotransmitters. Study Pool

    Uploaded by

    hajarslimaoui49

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Neuron

    Neurons are cells within the nervous system that transmit inform-
    ation to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells. Most neurons
    have a cell body, an axon, and dendrites.

    Neurotransmitter

    Neurotransmitters are electrochemical messages that result in a vast


    array of behaviours. The effects of Neurotransmitters can be amplified or
    reduced.

    *Human behaviour is highly complex, thus trying to determine cause and


    effect is difficult to prove.

    Neurotransmission

    Excitatory + Inhibitory
    Neurotransmitters have either an excitatory or Inhibitory effect of the neighboring
    neuron.

    = Excitatory neurotransmitters are released into an excitatory synapse causing a neuron


    to fire, leading to an action potential, this produces stimulating effects on the brain.

    E.g E.g. Acetylcholine when in excitation it makes the receiving


    neuron positively charged and more likely to fire and is thought to be involved in the
    process of memory consolidation.

    Describe Neurotransmission
    Neurotransmission is the process of nerve cell communication. The neurons that are interc-
    onnected communicate with each other by releasing chemicals called neurotransmitters into
    small gaps between the two nerve cells call the synapse gap (see above).

    The process of electrochemical transmission starts in the dendrites that branch out from the
    cell body and these receive incoming impulses from neighboring neurons.

    The impulse passes down the axon as action potential, down to the terminal buttons,
    containing synaptic vesicles (tiny sacs) filled with neurotransmitters which are released into the
    synapse.

    A released neurotransmitter is available for the synapse gap for a short amount of time during
    which it may be destroyed, pulled back into the presynaptic axon terminal through reuptake
    (reabsorption), or reach the postsynaptic membrane and bind to one of the receptors on its
    surface.

    If the neurotransmitter bind onto the receptor on the postsynaptic neuron, this process changes
    the membrane potential and so contributes to activating an electrical pulse in the postsynaptic
    neuron. Here the chemical mechanism becomes electrical again.

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