POL.SCIENCE QB

Here are the questions and answers from the provided question bank:
1. What was Mandal Commission? Why was it appointed?

The Mandal Commission was established in 1979 by the Indian government to
identify the socially and educationally backward classes (SEBC) and recommend
measures for their advancement. It was appointed to address social inequalities
and improve representation of SEBCs in government jobs and educational
institutions.
2. What was SEBC Act? What is the importance of job reservation?

The SEBC Act (Socially and Educationally Backward Classes Act) was enacted to
implement reservations for SEBCs in jobs and educational institutions. Job
reservations promote social equity, address historical injustices, and provide
equal opportunities for underprivileged sections of society.
3. “Parliament has a key role in administrative machinery.” In light of

the statement, describe the functions of Parliament.
The key functions of Parliament include:
 Legislation: Enacting laws for the country.
 Control over the executive: Questioning and holding the government
accountable.
 Financial functions: Approving the budget and expenditures.
 Representation: Reflecting public opinions and grievances.
 Deliberation: Discussing issues of national importance.
4. Distinguish between Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
Aspec
Lok Sabha Rajya Sabha
t
Electio Directly elected by the Indirectly elected by state

n people. legislatures.
6 years (1/3 members retire every 2

Term 5 years.
years).
More powerful in financial

Power Reviews laws passed by Lok Sabha.
matters.
5. Which of the houses is more powerful - Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha?

Why?
Lok Sabha is more powerful because:
 It controls finances and passes money bills.
 The government is accountable primarily to the Lok Sabha.
 In case of disagreements, Lok Sabha has the final say in joint sessions.
6. “Both Political and Non-Political executives are significant for the

country, although Political executive is more powerful than Non-
Political.” In the light of the above statement, differentiate between the
two and clarify the distribution of powers.
Aspect Political Executive Non-Political Executive
Nature of Elected representatives, e.g., Appointed officials, e.g.,

Role Ministers. Bureaucrats.
Implements the decisions of the

Powers Makes decisions and policies.
government.
Accountabili Accountable to the people and Accountable to the Political

ty Parliament. Executive.
Political executives are more powerful as they represent the people's will and
lead governance.
7. How is the Prime Minister elected in India, and what are his powers?
 Election: The Prime Minister is appointed by the President. Usually, the
leader of the majority party or coalition in the Lok Sabha is chosen.
 Powers:
o Heads the Council of Ministers.
o Guides and coordinates government policies.
o Advises the President on key appointments and policies.
o Oversees foreign relations and defense matters.
8. How is the President elected in India, and what are his powers?
 Election: The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college
consisting of Members of Parliament and Legislative Assemblies.
 Powers:
o Head of state and appoints the Prime Minister, governors, and
judges.
o Can veto or send back bills to Parliament.
o Oversees the defense forces as the supreme commander.
o Summons and dissolves Parliament.
9. Justify the statement that Judiciary is independent in India.

The judiciary in India is independent because:
 Judges have security of tenure and cannot be easily removed.
 Separation of powers ensures the judiciary is not influenced by the
executive or legislature.
 The appointment process and financial independence strengthen its
autonomy.
 Judges can decide cases without fear or favor.
10. How are the judges of the High Court and Supreme Court
appointed? How can they be removed?
 Appointment: Judges are appointed by the President on the
recommendation of the collegium system.
 Removal: Judges can be removed by Parliament through impeachment on
grounds of proven misbehavior or incapacity.
11. Explain any five powers of the Supreme Court of India.

1. Original jurisdiction: Resolves disputes between states or states and the
Union.
2. Appellate jurisdiction: Hears appeals from lower courts.
3. Judicial review: Examines the constitutionality of laws.
4. Advisory jurisdiction: Provides advice to the President on legal matters.
5. Guardian of Fundamental Rights: Protects citizens' rights through
writs.
12. What are the limitations on the powers of the President of India?
 Bound to act on the advice of the Council of Ministers.
 Cannot make laws independently or overrule Parliament.
 Limited veto powers for legislative bills.
 Restricted in declaring emergencies without justification.
13. What is meant by the Council of Ministers? Explain the different
categories of ministers.
 Council of Ministers: A body of ministers that aids and advises the
President, led by the Prime Minister.
 Categories:
o Cabinet Ministers: Senior-most and handle key portfolios.
o Ministers of State (Independent Charge): Handle specific

departments independently.
o Ministers of State (With a Portfolio): Assist Cabinet Ministers.
14. Mention the institutions which take major decisions and play an
important role in the implementation in a country.
The major decision-making institutions include:
1. Parliament: Enacts laws and policies.
2. Executive (Prime Minister and Council of Ministers): Implements
decisions.
3. Judiciary: Interprets laws and ensures justice.
4. Bureaucracy: Administers government policies.
Let me know if further clarification is needed!

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Here are the questions and answers from the provided question bank:

1. What was Mandal Commission? Why was it appointed?

2. What was SEBC Act? What is the importance of job reservation?

3. “Parliament has a key role in administrative machinery.” In light of

4. Distinguish between Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.

Electio Directly elected by the Indirectly elected by state

6 years (1/3 members retire every 2

More powerful in financial

5. Which of the houses is more powerful - Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha?

6. “Both Political and Non-Political executives are significant for the

Aspect Political Executive Non-Political Executive

Nature of Elected representatives, e.g., Appointed officials, e.g.,

Implements the decisions of the

Accountabili Accountable to the people and Accountable to the Political

o Guides and coordinates government policies.

o Advises the President on key appointments and policies.

o Oversees foreign relations and defense matters.

o Summons and dissolves Parliament.

9. Justify the statement that Judiciary is independent in India.

11. Explain any five powers of the Supreme Court of India.

o Ministers of State (Independent Charge): Handle specific

Let me know if further clarification is needed!

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