CMS 810 Assignment

NAME: AKINYOTU DAMILOLA VICTOR
MATNO: PG.2024/02118
COURSE TITLE: IT AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
COURSE CODE: CMS 810
ASSIGNMENT TOPIC 1: EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
DESCRIPTIVE AND INFERENTIAL STATISTICS IN MINITAB
ASSIGNMENT TOPIC 2: EXPLAIN THE CONCEPT OF
FALSIFIABILITY AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN FORMULATING
SCIENTIFIC THEORIES
ASSIGNMENT TOPIC 1
Descriptive and Inferential statistics serves different purposes and involves
different types of analyses. Their differences and purposes specifically in
Minitab are explain below
Descriptive Statistics
 Purpose: Descriptive statistics summarize and organize data to make it
easier to understand without drawing any conclusions about the larger
population. The focus is on describing the features of the dataset at hand.
It is use to describe data from a sample.
 Typical Analyses in Minitab:
 Measures of Central Tendency: You can used Minitab to

calculate mean, median, and mode to identify the center of your
data.
 Measures of Variability: Minitab can calculate range, variance,

and standard deviation to show how spread-out the data is.
 Graphical Tools: Minitab offers various graphs for visualization,

including histograms, box plots, pie charts, and scatterplots to
help display data patterns
 Example: If you collected the heights of a group of people and wanted to
know the average height, and how it varies, you would use descriptive
statistics to calculate the mean and standard deviation.
Inferential Statistics
 Purpose: Inferential statistics allows you to make predictions or
inferences about a larger population based on a sample of data. The focus
here is on testing hypotheses, making predictions, and estimating
parameters for the population. It use that sample data to draw conclusions
about a population.
 Typical Analyses in Minitab:
 Hypothesis Testing: You can conduct various test (e.g., t-test,

ANOVA, Chi-square tests) to determine if there are significant
differences or relationships in your data.
 Confidence Intervals: Minitab can calculate confidence

intervals to estimate population parameters (like the mean or
proportion) with a certain range.
 Regression Analysis: In Minitab, you can use linear

regression or other regression methods to model relationship
between variables and make predictions.
 Example: If you want to estimate the average height of people in a city

based on a sample, you would use inferential statistics to calculate a
confidence interval or perform a hypothesis test.
ASSIGNMENT TOPIC 2
Falsifiability is a foundational concept in the philosophy of science, introduced
by philosopher Karl Popper. It refers to the quality of a scientific hypothesis or
theory that makes it possible for it to be proven false by empirical evidence. In
order words, a statement or theory is consider falsifiable if there is a possible
observation or experiment that could show it to be incorrect.
Importance of Falsifiability in formulating scientific theory

 Demarcation Criterion: Falsifiability serves as a criterion to distinguish
scientific theories from non-scientific ones. If a theory cannot be tested,
in a way that could potentially disprove it, it falls outside the scope of
empirical science and may instead be considered pseudoscience or
metaphysics.
 Encourage Testability: Falsifiability emphasizes the importance of

empirical testing and observation. For a theory to be useful, it should
make predictions that can be checked against observations in the real
world.
 Self-Correcting Nature of Science: Falsifiability allows science to be

self-correcting. When a theory is proven false, it can be discarded or
revised, leading to more accurate or comprehensive scientific
understanding. This process helps refine theories over time, contributing
to scientific progress.
 Predictive Power: A falsifiable theory typically has predictive power.

Since it makes specific claims about the world, it can guide researchers to
make observations and experiments, providing insights that are otherwise
unattainable with unfalsifiable claims.
Example of Falsifiable and Unfalsifiable Theories

 Falsifiable: “All swans are white.” This hypothesis is falsifiable because
it can be disproven by observing a single non-white swan.
 Unfalsifiable: “There are invisible unicorns that exist everywhere in the

universe.” This hypothesis is unfalsifiable because it cannot be tested or
disproven through observation or experimentation. No evidence can be
gathered to confirm or deny the existence of these invisible unicorns,
making it impossible to validate or refute the claim scientifically.

CMS 810 Assignment

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CMS 810 Assignment

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

CMS 810 Assignment

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

NAME: AKINYOTU DAMILOLA VICTOR

 Typical Analyses in Minitab:

 Measures of Central Tendency: You can used Minitab to

 Measures of Variability: Minitab can calculate range, variance,

 Graphical Tools: Minitab offers various graphs for visualization,

 Typical Analyses in Minitab:

 Hypothesis Testing: You can conduct various test (e.g., t-test,

 Confidence Intervals: Minitab can calculate confidence

 Regression Analysis: In Minitab, you can use linear

 Example: If you want to estimate the average height of people in a city

Importance of Falsifiability in formulating scientific theory

 Encourage Testability: Falsifiability emphasizes the importance of

 Self-Correcting Nature of Science: Falsifiability allows science to be

 Predictive Power: A falsifiable theory typically has predictive power.

Example of Falsifiable and Unfalsifiable Theories

 Unfalsifiable: “There are invisible unicorns that exist everywhere in the

You might also like