Math04_CO1_SY2223

MATHEMATICS and ABM CLUSTER
SCHOOL YEAR 2022 - 2023
Precalculus
MATH 04
Course Outcome 1
Quarter 01
Math04 | Specialized | CO#1

E-mail address: [email protected]
Telephone number: (02) 8247 - 5000
Math04 | PreCalculus
Lesson System of Linear Equations

1
in One Variable
COURSE OUTCOME BULLETIN
Objective: Learn and develop the skills on how solve equations in one variable and to use the
graphical, elimination, and substitution methods to solve systems of linear equations, applying
these skills in solving application problems.
Subject Matters:
Lesson 1. Linear Equation in One Variable
Learning Competencies:
I. Learn and develop skills on how to solve equations in one variable .
II. Solve different equations that lead to linear equation.
Evaluation:
Performance Task: PT1 to be deployed in BB
Written Work: WW1 to be deployed in WW
What do I know? (Pre-test)

Directions: Write the letter of correct answer on your answer sheet:
1. Which of the following has no solution set?

2 4
a. 2𝑥+1
= 3𝑥−2 c. √𝑥 + 1 = 4
3 1
b. 2(𝑥 + 1) + 4 = 0 d. 3𝑥+7 = 𝑥−2
2. How many solution/s do we have for a linear equation?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
3. If 2𝑥 + 5 = 𝑥 − 8, then the value of x is equal to_____
a. 13 b. 3 c. -13 d. -3
4. Which of the following is a linear equation?
a. 3𝑥 + 45 = 2𝑥 − 15 c. 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1 = 0
𝑥 𝑥
b. 𝑥+1 = 2 d. √𝑥 + 1 = 𝑥 + 1
5. Solve for the value of a if 3𝑎 + 5 = 13 + 2𝑎.
a. 4 b. 6 c. 8 d. 10
2
6. Which of the following equations is an example of identity equation?

a. 3𝑥 + 1 = 2𝑥 + 5 c. 2(𝑥 + 1) = 2𝑥 + 2
b. 3(𝑥 + 2) = 3𝑥 + 1 d. none of the above
7. Which of the following has many solution?
a. 𝑥 + 11 = 2𝑥 + 15 c. 2(𝑥 + 1) = 2𝑥 + 6
b. 3(𝑥 + 2) = 3𝑥 + 6 d. none of the above
8. Which of the following are equivalent equations?
i. 3𝑥 + 5 = 2𝑥 + 1
ii. 4𝑥 − 1 = 3𝑥 = −5
iii. 𝑥 + 4 = 2𝑥 − 1
iv. 2𝑥 + 1 = 3𝑥 − 4
a. i and ii c. ii and iii
b. iii and iv d. no answer
9. Which of the following is an example of conditional equation?
a. 𝑥 2 − 4 = (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2)
b. (𝑥 + 1)2 = 1 + 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
c. 3 − 5 = − 2
d. None of the above
10. Solve for the value of x: 𝑥 + 2(𝑥 − 1) = 𝑥 + 2
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
What is it?
3
An equation is a statement that two algebraic equations are equal. Here are some
examples:
𝑥+1 𝑥
3𝑥 + 5 = 7𝑥 − 2; 2(𝑥 + 1) + 4 = 𝑥 + 8; = + 1; √𝑥 + 1 = 𝑥 − 10
𝑥−3 2
Remember that the expression on each side of the equality is a member of the equation. A
variable is the unknown. A solution or root of an equation is a number that produces a true
statement when substituted for the variable. The set of all roots is the solution set for the
equation. At instances that an equation has no solution, such equations is called inconsistent
equation.
Let’s try to solve these equations:
1. 2(𝑥 + 1) − 2 = 𝑥 + 7
Distribute 2 inside the parenthesis
2𝑥 + 2 − 2 = 𝑥 + 7
Combine like terms
2𝑥 − 𝑥 = 7
𝑥=7
2. 5𝑥 + 1 − 2𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 1
Combine like terms
3𝑥 − 3𝑥 = 1 − 1
0=0
True statement
3. 𝑥 + 4 + 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 1
Combine like terms
2𝑥 − 2𝑥 = 1 − 4
0 = −3
False statement
Solving these examples, for the first number, the value of x is equal to 7. This equation is an
example of a Conditional Equation.
A conditional equation is an equation that is true only for certain values of the unknown.
The second number, the variable x will be eliminated and the equation will result to a true
statement. This is an example of an Identity Equation.
An identity equation is an equation that is true for any number substituted to the variable.
The third number, the variable x will be eliminated, but the equation will result to a false
statement. This equation does not have any solution set.
There are equations that have same solution set or same roots. These equations are called
equivalent equations.
4
Here are examples of equivalent equations:

3𝑥 + 1 = 2 is equivalent to 3𝑥 = 3
2𝑥 + 1 = −3 is equivalent to 𝑥 = 4
1.1. Systems of Linear Equations in One Variable
A Linear Equation is a conditional equation of the first degree. It is called a linear

equation because its graph is a straight line, and it can be written in the standard form:
𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃 = 𝒄
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠.
To solve linear equation in one variable, use the axioms and Properties of Equality.
I. Addition Property of Equality
If 𝒂 = 𝒃 then 𝒂 + 𝒄 = 𝒃 + 𝒄
II. Subtraction Property of Equality
If 𝒂 = 𝒃 then 𝒂 − 𝒄 = 𝒃 − 𝒄
III. Multiplication Property of Equality
If 𝒂 = 𝒃 then 𝒂 ∗ 𝒄 = 𝒃 ∗ 𝒄
IV. Division Property of Equality
𝒂 𝒃
If 𝒂 = 𝒃 then 𝒄 = 𝒄
Here are the basic steps to solve linear equation: (Guide-Teacher Lesson1_equations)
1. Eliminate fractions by multiplying each member of the equation by the lowest common
denominator.
2. Remove symbols of grouping.
3. Isolate all terms containing the variable on one side of the equation and all the other
terms on the opposite side. Simplify by combining like terms.
4. Divide both sides of the equation by the coefficient of the variable.
5. Check the solution by substituting the value of the unknown into the original equation.
Remark:
In cases wherein the variable appears under a radical sign, the radicals should first be cleared of
in the equation and then follow the basics steps in solving linear equation
Examples
1. 3(𝑥 + 5) + 4(𝑥 + 5) = 21
5
3𝑥 + 15 + 4𝑥 + 20 = 21 Distributive Property
3𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 15 + 20 = 21
7𝑥 + 35 = 2121 Combining Similar Terms
7𝑥 = 21 − 35 Property of Subtraction
7𝑥 14
=− 7 Divide Both Members By 7
7
𝒙 = −𝟐
4𝑎 𝑎 2𝑎
2. −5−1 =1−
5 5
4𝑎−𝑎 2𝑎
−1=1−
5 5
3𝑎−5 5−2𝑎
= 5 Multiply Both Members By 7
5
3𝑎 − 5 = 5 − 2𝑎
3𝑎 + 2𝑎 = 5 + 5 Use Property of Addition
5𝑎 10
= 5 Use Property of Division
5
𝒂=𝟐
𝑥+5 𝑥+1
3. =4−
4 2
𝑥 + 5 = 16 − 2(𝑥 + 1) Multiply Both members by LCD (4)
𝑥 + 5 = 16 − 2𝑥 − 2 Use the Distributive Property
𝑥 + 2𝑥 = 16 − 2 − 5 Use the Property of Addition
3𝑥 = 9
3𝑥 9
= Use the Property of Division
3 3
𝒙=𝟑
4. 4.8 − 7𝑥 = 0.8 − 6.2𝑥

4.8 − 0.8 = 7𝑥 − 6.2𝑥 Isolate Variable x to One Side of the Equation
4 0.8𝑥
= 0.8 Use the Property of Division
0.8
𝟓=𝒙
4 8 3
5. 𝑥−2
− 𝑥 2 −𝑥−2 = 𝑥+1
4 8 3
− (𝑥−2)(𝑥+1) = 𝑥+1 Factor the denominator if possible, note that 𝒙 ≠ 𝟐, −𝟏 in
𝑥−2
this equation
4(𝑥 + 1) − 8 = 3(𝑥 − 2) Multiply both sides by the LCD
4𝑥 + 4 − 8 = 3𝑥 − 6 Distribute the constant
4𝑥 − 3𝑥 = −6 + 8 − 4 Combine like terms
6
𝒙 = −𝟐
6. √𝑥 2 + 5 = 𝑥 + 2
𝑥 2 + 5 = (𝑥 + 2)2 Square both sides to eliminate the radical sign
𝑥 2 + 5 = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 Expand the square of binomial
𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 = 4 − 5 Combine like terms
−4𝑥 = −1
𝟏
𝒙=𝟒
Sometimes an equation has no solution set, as illustrated by the next example:

𝑥 1 2
7. = 2 + 𝑥−2
𝑥−2
2𝑥 = 1(𝑥 − 2) + 2(2) Multiply both sides by the LCD, note that 𝒙 ≠ 𝟐 in this
equation
2𝑥 − 𝑥 = −2 + 4 Combine like terms
𝒙=𝟐
Since 2 is not allowed to be the solution set of the equation, then the equation has no solution.
2 is an example of extraneous root.
An extraneous root is a root of the derived equation but not the root of the original
equation.
Reminder. Always check the solution set by substituting the result to the original equation
What’s more?
I. Determine if the given equation is conditional equation, identity equation or an
equation without solution.
1. 2(𝑥 − 1) = 2𝑥 − 2
2. (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 2) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 10
2 2
3. + =0
𝑥+1 𝑥−2
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥+1
4. +3 =
2 4
5. √𝑥 + 1 = −1
7
What I can do
Solve for the value for x in the following equation. Determine if the solution is extraneous root.
1. 2(6 − 8𝑥) = 2(2 − 2𝑥)

2. 2𝑥 + 0.8𝑥 + 0.4𝑥 = 64
𝑥+3 2𝑥+3
3. 4 + 2 = 2 − 1
2 3 2
4. − 𝑥+2 = 𝑥 2+3𝑥+2
𝑥+1
5. √𝑥 + 1 = 4
Assessment (Post-test)
1. Which of the following is an example of conditional equation?

a. 𝑥 2 − 9 = (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 3)
b. (𝑥 + 2)2 = 4 + 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
c. − = −
3 5 15
d. None of the above
2. How many solution/s do we have for a linear equation?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
3. If 2𝑥 + 5 = 𝑥 + 8, then the value of x is equal to_____
a. 13 b. 3 c. -13 d. -3
4. Which of the following is a linear equation?
a. 𝑥 + 4 = 2𝑥 − 15 c. 2𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 + 1 = 0
𝑥 𝑥
b. 𝑥+1 = 2 d. √𝑥 + 1 = 𝑥 + 3
5. Which of the following has no solution set?
2 3
a. = 𝑥−2 c. √𝑥 − 1 = 1
𝑥+1
3 2
b. 2(𝑥 + 1) + 4 = 2𝑥 + 8 d. 3𝑥−7 = 𝑥+2
6. Solve for the value of a if 12𝑎 + 15 = 25 + 2𝑎.
a. 4 b. 3 c. 2 d. 1
7. Which of the following equations is an example of identity equation?
a. 3𝑥 + 1 = 2𝑥 + 15 c. 3(𝑥 + 2) = 3𝑥 + 1
b. 12(𝑥 − 1) + 2 = 12𝑥 − 10 d. none of the above
8. Solve for the value of x: 2𝑥 + 3(𝑥 − 3) = 𝑥 − 12
a. 1/4 b. 2 c. -3/4 d. 4
9. Solve for the value of x: 2𝑥 + 2(𝑥 + 1) = 3𝑥 + 5
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
8
10. Which of the following are equivalent equations?

i. 𝑥 + 4 = 2𝑥 − 1
ii. 3𝑥 + 5 = 2𝑥 + 1
iii. 4𝑥 − 1 = 3𝑥 = −5
iv. 2𝑥 + 1 = 3𝑥 − 4
c. i and ii c. ii and iii
d. iii and iv d. no answer
Answer Key
9
Lesson System of Linear Equation

2
in Two Variables
Objective: . Learn and develop the skills on how solve equations in two variables and to use the
graphical, elimination, and substitution methods to solve systems of linear equations, applying
these skills in solving application problems.
Subject Matters:
Lesson 2. System of linear equations in two variables
Lesson 2.1. Graphical Method
Lesson 2.2. Elimination Method
Lesson 2.3. Substitution Method
III. Illustrate System of Linear Equations
IV. Determine the solutions of Systems of Linear Equations using Techniques such as
Substitution, Elimination and Graphing
Evaluation:
Performance Task: PT1 to be deployed in BB
Written Work: WW1 to be deployed in WW

11. Which of the following is a linear equation in two variables?
a. 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑦 = 8 c. 5𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 10
b. 4𝑥 + 5 = 2𝑥 − 7 d. None of the above
12. Which of the following system of linear equation have one solution?
a. 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 8; 4𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 16 c. 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 1; 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 3
b. 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1; 9𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 1 d. None of the above
13. If a system of equations has one solution, what does the graph look like?
a. Intersecting lines c. Coinciding lines
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b. Parallel lines d. none of the above

14. Which of the following pair of equation have no solution?
15. The sum of two numbers is 10. The first number subtract by thrice the second number is
2. What are the numbers?
a. 1 and 9 c. 2 and 8
b. 3 and 7 d. 4 and 6
16. If 3𝑥 = 4𝑦 − 15, then 12𝑦 − 9𝑥 =
a. 60 c. -60
b. 45 -45
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 14
17. The solution for the system of equations {
𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 14
a. (10,6) c. (9,4)
b. (7,0) d. (8,2)
18. Which of the following equations has a graph parallel to the graph 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 1?
a. 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10 c. 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 1
b. 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 10 d. 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 1
19. The system of equations that have no solution set is called
a. dependent c. independent
b. Inconsistent d. constant
20. A system of two linear equations has infinitely many solutions. Which of the following is
true?
a. The lines have different slope with same y-intercept
b. The lines have same slope with same y-intercept
c. The lines have same slope with different y-intercept
d. The lines have different slope with different y-intercept
11
What is it?
Every linear equation in x and y may be written in the form 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎
where 𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄 are constant; 𝒂 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒃 ≠ 𝟎. The solution to such an equation is the set of all
ordered pair (𝑥, 𝑦) which satisfy the equation.
Consider the Equations:

𝒂𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒃𝟏 𝒚 = 𝒄𝟏 equation 1
𝒂𝟐 𝒙 + 𝒃𝟐 𝒚 = 𝒄𝟐 equation 2
Such collection of the two equations is called System of Equations. A solution of the
system is a pair of values of the unknowns satisfying both equations.
Methods in Solving System of Linear Equations in Two Variables

To solve a system of equations means to find the solutions common to all the equations
in the system.
Ways in Solving System of Linear Equations in Two Variables:

1. Graphical Method
2. Elimination Method
3. Substitution Method
2.1. Solving Linear Systems using Graphs

If a linear equation has two variables, there is generally an infinite number of ordered
pairs numbers that make it true. Each ordered pair is a solution of the equation and represents a
point on its graph. The set of all such ordered pairs is the solution set of the equation, and the
graph of the solution set is a line. (Hall & Fabricant).
Examples
2𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 10
1. { The two lines intersect at one point and only one point (5,0).
3𝑥 − 8𝑦 = 15
(5,0) is the solution set as x=5; y=0
Using the intercept method:
2𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 10
x 0 5
y 2 0
3𝑥 − 8𝑦 = 15
x 0 5
15
y − 0
8
12
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 6
2. { The lines are parallel so there is No Solution
4𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 7
This shows an Inconsistent System
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 6
x 0 3
y 2 0
4𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 7
7
x 0
4
y 7 0
6
4𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 2
3. { It represents the same line (lines coincide) Infinitely many solutions
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 1
This shows a System of Dependent Equation
4𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 2
1
x 0
2
1
y −3 0
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 1
1
x 0
2
1
y −3 0
A linear system that has at least one solution is called consistent system
A linear system has exactly one solution, it is said to be an independent system.
A linear system of equations has no solution is said to be an inconsistent system.
A linear system that have an infinite number of solutions is said to be dependent system.
A dependent system has at least one solution, so it is also consistent.
(Hall & Fabricant)
13
For a System of Two Linear Equations in Two Variables, Three Possibilities may arise
Table 1.1 Equation and System
Equation or System Solution Graphs
Consistent One or Unique Lines Intersect at one and
only one point
Inconsistent No Solution Parallel Lines
Dependent Infinitely many Solutions Same Line or Coincident Lines
2.2. Solving Linear Systems Using Addition Method

One method for solving a system of linear equations uses additive inverses and the
addition property of equations. For a linear system of equations, of the coefficients of one
variable are additive inverses of each other, that variable can be eliminated by adding the
equations. To add two equations, add left side to left side and right side to right side. The result
is an equation in one variable. (Hall & Fabricant)
Steps:
I. Multiply both equations by constants chosen so that the coefficients of one unknown
become negative of each other.
II. Add the resulting equations thus eliminating One Unknown.
III. Solve the resulting for the unknown.
IV. Repeat the process with the roles of the unknown interchanged, solving for the other
unknown.
V. Check by substitution in both equations.
Examples
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2
1. Solve the system of equation by elimination method: {
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 7
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (1)
{
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 7 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (2)
Eliminate (x)::
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2
−3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −7 Multiply both sides of the equation by -1
−𝑦 = −5 Add the equations
𝒚=𝟓 Divide both sides by -1
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2 Use one original equation

3𝑥 + 5 = 2 Substitute 5 for y
3𝑥 = −3 Isolate x
𝒙 = −𝟏
14
Check:
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 7 Use the other original equation
3(−1) + 2(5) = 7 Substritute -1 for x and 5 for y.
7=7✔ The solution is (-1,5)
It is sometimes necessary to multiply one or both equations by a nonzero real number

other than -1 in order to make the coefficients of one of the variables additive inverses of
each other.
2𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 10 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (1)
2. {
3𝑥 − 8𝑦 = 15 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (2)
Eliminate (x):
6𝑥 + 15𝑦 = 30 Multiply the equation(1) by 3
−6𝑥 + 16𝑦 = −30 Multiply the equation(2) by-2
0 + 31𝑦 = 0 Add the equations
31𝑦 0
= 31 Isolate y
31
𝒚= 𝟎
2𝑥 + 5(0) = 10 Use one original equation

2𝑥 + 0 = 10 Substitute 0 for y
2𝑥 = 10 Isolate x
𝒙=𝟓
Check:
3𝑥 − 8𝑦 = 15 Use the other original equation
3(5) − 8(0) = 15 Substritute -1 for x and 5 for y.
15 = 15 ✔ The solution is (5,0)
2𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 8
6𝑥 − 12𝑦 = 10
2𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 8 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (1)
{
6𝑥 − 12𝑦 = 10 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (2)
Eliminate (x)::
−6𝑥 + 12𝑦 = −24 Multiply both sides of the equation(1) by -3
6𝑥 − 12𝑦 = 10
0 = −14 Add the equations. The result is false statement.
No ordered pair (x,y) can satisfy both equations. There’s no solution.
When the addition method is used with a dependent system, both variables are
eliminated and the result is the true equation 0=0. A dependent system has an infinite
15
number of solutions. Since the equations in the system are equivalent, the solution set of
the system is all ordered pairs (x,y) that satisfy either equation. (Hall & Fabricant)
−8𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 24
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −6
−8𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 24 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (1)
{
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −6 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (2)
Eliminate (x)::
−8𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 24
−8𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 24 Multiply both sides of the equation(2) by -4
0=0 Add the equations.
The solution is {(𝑥, 𝑦): 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −6}. Thus there are infinitely many solutions.
2.3. Solving Linear Systems Using Substitution Method

The substitution property of equality provides a second method of reducing system of
two equations in two variable to one equation in one variable.
To solve a system of equations by substitution, ise one equation to find one variable in
terms of the other. Then substitute for that variable in the other equation.(Hall & Fabricant).
Steps:
I. Solve one equation for one unknown in terms of the other,
II. Substitute the expression obtained in the other equation, thus obtaining an equation
in One Unknown only.
III. Solve the equation obtained.
IV. Substitute the value obtained in the expression obtained in (1), thus obtaining the
value for the first unknown.
V. Check by substitution in both equations.
Examples
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = −7
1. Solve the system of equation by substitution method: {
𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 13
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = −7 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛(1)
{
𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 13 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛(2)
𝑥 = 4𝑦 + 13 Isolate x using equation(2)

2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = −7 Use the equation 1 and substitute the result from the first
step
2(4𝑦 + 13) + 3𝑦 = −7 Substitute 4𝑦 + 13 for x
8𝑦 + 26 + 3𝑦 = −7 Isolate y
11𝑦 = −7 − 26
16
11𝑦 = −33
𝒚 = −𝟑
𝑥 = 4𝑦 + 13 Use this equation and substitute the -3 for y
𝑥 = 4(−3) + 13
𝒙=𝟏
Check:
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = −7 Use the other original equation
2(1) + 3(−3) = −7 Substritute -1 for x and 5 for y.
−7 = −7✔ The solution is (1,-3)
What’s more?
A. For each linear system of equations, predict whether the lines will intersect, coincide or
parallel.
𝑦 =𝑥+2
1. {
𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 3
1
𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 3
2. { 1
𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 3
B. By what number would you multiply the first equation in order to eliminate the variable x
when the equations are added.
𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 10
1. {
𝑥+𝑦 =6
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −2
2. {
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 9
C. Find the value of a that makes each of the following a dependent system.
𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 𝑎
1. {
3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2
3𝑦 = 2𝑥
2. {
6𝑦 − 𝑎 − 4𝑥 = 𝑎
17
What I have learned

A. Is it possible to have an inconsistent linear system in which both lines have the same y-
intercept? Explain.
B. Given the equations 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 and 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑒𝑦 = 𝑓 , use substitution to solve for x and y.

How might your results provide you with a useful shortcut in solving systems of equations?
What I can do
A. Solve each linear system graphically. Determine whether the system is consistent and
independent, inconsistent, or consistent and dependent.
3𝑦 = 1 − 4𝑥
1. {
8𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 12 = 0
𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 1 = 0
2. {
2𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −2
2 𝑥−𝑦
=
3. {13 5
2𝑥+𝑦
=
2 4
B. Solve each linear system by elimination. Determine whether the system is consistent and
5𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −19
1. {
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 0
5𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 47 + 5𝑦
2. {
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 18 − 3𝑥
3𝑦−1 3𝑥+8
=
2 5
3. {𝑥+𝑦 6+𝑥−𝑦
=
2 2
C. Solve each linear system by elimination. Determine whether the system is consistent and
2(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 4𝑥 + 1
1. {
3(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3
8𝑦 = 4𝑥
2. {
7𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −8
18
1. Which of the following is a linear equation in two variables?

a. 3𝑥 2 + 5𝑦 2 = 8 c. 4𝑥 + 5 = 2𝑥 − 7
b. 3𝑎 + 𝑏 = 10 d. None of the above
2. The sum of two numbers is 10. The first number subtract by thrice the second number is
2. What are the numbers?
a. 1 and 9 c. 2 and 8
b. 3 and 7 d. 4 and 6
3. Which of the following system of linear equation have one solution?
a. 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 8; 4𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 16 c. 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 1; 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 3
b. 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1; 9𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 1 d. None of the above
4. If a system of equations has no solution, what does the graph look like?
5. Which of the following pair of equation have one solution?
6. If 𝑥 = 2𝑦 + 10, then 4𝑥 − 8𝑦 =
a. 40 c. -40
b. 45 d. -45
7. A system of two linear equations has infinitely many solutions. Which of the following is
true?
a. The lines have different slope with different y-intercept
b. The lines have same slope with different y-intercept
c. The lines have same slope with same y-intercept
d. The lines have different slope with same y-intercept
𝑦 = 4−𝑥
8. The solution for the system of equations {
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6
a. (1,3) c. (-1,-3)
b. (3,1) d. (-3,-1)
9. Which of the following equations has a graph parallel to the graph 4𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 10?
a. 5𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 11 c. 4𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 12
b. 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 1 d. 4𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 10
10. The system of equations that have infinitely many solution set is called
a. consistent c. dependent
b. inconsistent d. constant
19
Answer Key
20
Lesson System of Linear Equations

3
in Three Variables
Objective: To solve a system of linear equations in three variables
Subject Matters:
Lesson 3. System of Linear Equations in Three Variables
I. Determine the solutions of systems of linear equations in three variables using techniques
such as substitution and elimination
Evaluation:
Performance Task: PT1 to be deployed in Blackboard
Written Work: WW1 to be deployed in Aleks

1. If a pair of equations in a system reduces to the contradiction, then the system is
a. Consistent dependent c. inconsistent
b. Consistent independent d. none of the above
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = −4
2. Solve the system of equation { 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 5𝑧 = 11
𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 5
a. (1,0, −2) c. (−1,0,2)
b. (2,0,1) d. None of the above
𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 3𝑐 = 10
3. Solve the system of equation { 2𝑎 + 𝑏 = 9
7𝑏 + 𝑐 = −6
a. (5, −1,1) c. (5,1,1)
b. No solution d. infinite solution
4. If three planes intersect in one line, then the system of equation have____
a. One solution c.infinite solution
b. No solution d. none of the above
21
5. If planes intersect in two parallel lines, then the system of equation have _______
a. One solution c.infinite solution
𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 7
6. In solving the system { 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 8 which of the following is the best first step?
𝑥 −𝑧=5
a. Eliminate the variable x using the equation 1 and 2
b. Eliminate the variable y using the equation 1 and 2
c. Eliminate the variable z using the equation 2 and 3
d. Elminate the variable y using the equation 2 and 3
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1
7. Solve the system of equation { 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = −3
−𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 = −4
a. (2,-2,1) c. (-2,2,1)
b. (-2,-2,-1) d. (1,2,-1)
8. Which of the following has a finite solution for a three-variable system of equations?
a. Three planes intersecting at a point
b. Three planes intersecting at a line
c. Three parallel lines
d. Two parallel lines
𝑥+𝑦−𝑧 =3
9. What is the value of x in the solution of the system of equations{ 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1 ?
𝑧=4
a. 10 c. -3
b. 6 d. 2
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 13
10. Solve the system: { 𝑥 − 𝑧 = −1
3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 5
a. (-3,-1,4) c. (-3,1,-4)
b. (3,-1,4) d. none of the above
22
What is it?
Any equation that can be written in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐, where a,b and c are constants
(a and b not both 0) is a linear equation in two variables. The solution to such an equation is an
ordered pair (x,y).Similarly, anyequation that can be written in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐𝑧 = 𝑑,
where a, b, c and d are constants ( a, b and c not all zero) is a linear equation in three variables.
The solution to such equation is an ordered triple (x, y, z). Solving a system of equations in three
variables is similar to solving a system of equations in two variables.
The position of a point in space can be expressed as an ordered triple (x, y, z), and the
graph of a linear equation in three variables is a plane. A system of three linear equations in three
variables has one real solution if all planes represented by the equations intersect in exactly one
point. If the planes meet in an infinite number of points, the system has an infinite number of
solutions. If there is no point common to all three planes, the system has no real solution. (Hall
& Fabricant).
Let:
𝒂𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒃𝟏 𝒚 + 𝒄𝟏 𝒛 = 𝒌𝟏 equation 1
𝒂𝟐 𝒙 + 𝒃𝟐 𝒚 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒛 = 𝒌𝟐 equation 2
𝒂𝟑 𝒙 + 𝒃𝟑 𝒚 + 𝒄𝟑 𝒛 = 𝒌𝟑 equation 3
Let a, b, c, and k be constant
Table 3.1 Equation and System

Equation or System Solution Graphs
Consistent, Independent One or Unique 3 planes intersect at exactly one point
Consistent , Dependent Infinitely many 3 planes intersect in one line
Solutions 3 planes coincide
Inconsistent No Solution Planes intersect in 2 parallel lines
Planes intersect in 3 parallel lines
2 planes coincide; third is parallel
3 planes are parallel
To solve a system of three linear equations in three variables by the elimination metho; eliminate
one variable from two equations. Repeat the process by eliminating same variable from a
different pair of equations. A system of linear equations in two variables is now obtained, and it
can be solved by any of the methods you have learned.
(Hall & Fabricant).
23
Examples
2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 3
1. Solve the system: {𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3
3𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 14
Denote the equations as equation1, 2, and 3
2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 3 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (1)
{𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (2)
3𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 14 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (3)
Eliminate the z using equation(1) and equation(2)

2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 3 equation (1)
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3 equation (2)
3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 0 = 6 or 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2 denote the result as equation(4)
Eliminate the z using equation 2 and equation 3

𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3 equation (2)
3𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 14 equation(3)
−2𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 0 = −11 denote the result as equation(5)
Eliminate the x using the equation(4) and equation(5)

𝑥+𝑦 = 2 equation(4)
−2𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 0 = −11 equation(5)
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 4 Multiply the equation(4) by 2

−2𝑥 + 5𝑦 = −11
0 + 7𝑦 = −7 Add the equations
7𝑦 7
=− => 𝒚 = −𝟏
7 7
Use equation 4 or 5 to find x

𝑥+𝑦 = 2 Equation 4
𝑥 + (−1) = 2 Substitute -1 for y

𝑥 =2+1
𝒙=𝟑
The solution is (𝟑, −𝟏, 𝟐)
24
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 5
2. Solve the system: {3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0
𝑥 + 4𝑧 = 14
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 5 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛(1)
3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛(2)
𝑥 + 4𝑧 = 14 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛(3)
Eliminate z using the equation 2 and 3
−12𝑦 − 4𝑧 = 0 Multiply the equation(2) by -4
𝑥 + 4𝑧 = 14
𝑥 − 12𝑦 = 14 Denote this as equation(4)
Eliminate x using the equation(3) and equation(4)
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 5
−2𝑥 + 24𝑦 = −28 Multiply the equation(4) by -2
0 + 23𝑦 = −23
𝒚 = −𝟏
Use any of the equation to substitute the value of y
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 5 Equation(1)
2𝑥 − (−1) = 5 Substitute -1 for y
2𝑥 = 6 Isolate x
𝒙=𝟑
Use equation 2 to solve for z
3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0 Equation(2)
3(−1) + 𝑧 = 0 Substitute -1 for y
𝒛 = −𝟑 Isolate z
The solution is (𝟐, −𝟏, 𝟑)
What’s more?
Solve each system of equations. Determine whether the system is consistent and independent,
inconsistent, or consistent and dependent.
𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 7
1. {2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 8
𝑥−𝑧 =5
𝑥−𝑦 = 3
2. { 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4
𝑥−𝑧 =3
25
5𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4
3. { 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 5
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 5
𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 𝑧 = 6
4. { 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 8 − 𝑧
2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 1
4𝑥 + 𝑧 = 𝑦 − 5
5. {−𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑧 + 5
2𝑥 − 𝑧 − 1 = 𝑦
1. If three planes coincide, then the system of equation have _______
a. infinite solution c. One solution
2. If a pair of equations in a system reduces to the contradiction, then the system is
a. Consistent dependent c. inconsistent
b. Consistent independent d. none of the above
𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1𝑥
3. What is the value of x in the solution of the system of equations {+𝑦 − 𝑧 = 3?
𝑧=4
a. 6 c. -3
b. 10 d. 2
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 13
4. Solve the system: { 𝑥 − 𝑧 = −1
3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 5
a. (3,-1,4) c. (-3,1,-4)
b. (-3,-1,4) d. none of the above
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = −4
5. Solve the system of equation { 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 5𝑧 = 11
𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 5
a. (1,0, −2) c. (−1,0,2)
b. (2,0,1) d. None of the above
𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 3𝑐 = 10
6. Solve the system of equation { 2𝑎 + 𝑏 = 9
7𝑏 + 𝑐 = −6
a. (5,1,1) c. (5, −1,1)
b. No solution d. infinite solution
7. If three planes intersect in one line, then the system of equation have____
a. One solution c. No solution
b. infinite solution d. none of the above
26
𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 7
8. In solving the system { 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 8 which of the following is the best first step?
𝑥 −𝑧=5
a. Eliminate the variable z using the equation 2 and 3
b. Eliminate the variable x using the equation 1 and 2
c. Eliminate the variable y using the equation 1 and 2
d. Eliminate the variable y using the equation 2 and 3
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1
9. Solve the system of equation { 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = −3
−𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 = −4
a. (-2,2,1) c. (2,-2,1)
b. (1,2,-1) d. (-2,-2,-1)
10. Which of the following has a finite solution for a three-variable system of equations?
a. Three planes intersecting at a point
b. Three planes intersecting at a line
c. Three parallel lines
d. Two parallel lines
Answer Key
27
Lesson System of Non-Linear

4
Equations in One Variable
Objective: To solve quadratic equation
Subject Matters:
Lesson 4. Solving quadratic equation
Lesson 4.1. Factoring
Lesson 4.2. Square Root Property
Lesson 4.3. Completing the square
Lesson 4.4.Quadratic formula
Lesson 4.5. Solving Equations in Quadratic form
II. Determine quadratic equation
III. Solve quadratric equations
IV. Solve equations leading to quadratic
Evaluation:
Performance Task: To be deployed in Blackboard
Written Work: To be deployed in Aleks

Choose the best answer.
1. Which of the following equation that leads to quadratic equation?
a. 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 1 c. 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 = (𝑥 − 3)2
2 𝑥 𝑥
b. 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 3 d. 3 + 5 = 1
2. The general form of a quadratic equation is
a. 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 c. 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
b. 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 d. 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
3. Which of the following is not a quadratic equation?

a. 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 = 0 c. 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 11 = 0
b. 𝑥 2 − 9 = 0 d. 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 3 + 4 = 0
28
4. The degree of quadratic equation is

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
5. The quadratic equation whose roots are 2 is
a. 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 4 = 0 c. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 = 0
2
b. 𝑥 − 4 = 0 d. 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 = 0
2
6. If one root of the quadratic equation 𝑥 + 𝑘𝑥 − 11 = 0 is -11, what is the value of k?
a. 1 c. 10
b. -1 d. -10
7. Which of the following equation can be solve by factoring?
a. 𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 7 = 0 c. 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 11 = 0
2
b. 𝑥 − 𝑥 − 6 = 0 d. 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 41 = 0
8. Find the value of k that would make the left side of the equation a perfect square trinomial : 𝑥 2 +
𝑘𝑥 + 16 = 0
a. 8 c. 4
b. 2 d. 32
9. What are the solutions of the quadratic equation 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 7 = 0?
a. 2 and -7 c. -1 and 7/2
b. -2 and 7 d. 1 and -7/2
10. What are the solutions of the quadratic equation 4𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 13 = 0?
2+5𝑖 2−5𝑖 2+3𝑖 2−3𝑖
a. and c. and
2 2 2 2
1+5𝑖 1−5𝑖 1+5𝑖 1−5𝑖
b. and d. and
2 2 2 2
11. Which of the following can be written in quadratic form?
a. 𝑥 + √𝑥 = 0 c. 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 2 = 0
1 2
b. √𝑥 + 1 = 4 d. 𝑥+1 = 𝑥−3
1 1
12. What is the extraneous root of the equation 𝑥 + 𝑥−2 = 2?
a. 0 and -2 c. 1 and 2
b. -1 and -2 d. 0 and 2
13. What is the first step to solve the problem 𝑥 + 7√𝑥 = −12?
a. square both sides c. Isolate the radical
b. Isolate the x d. none of the choices
14. Which of the following quadratic equation can be solve by factoring?
a. 𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 25 = 0 c. 2𝑥 2 = 21 − 𝑥
2
b. 9𝑥 − 12𝑥 + 5 = 0 d. 𝑥 2 + 4 = 0
15. Which of the following quadratic equation can not be solve by factoring?
a. 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 12 = 0 b. 2𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 5 = 0
b. 𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 − 25 = 0 d. 𝑥 2 − 9 = 0
29
What is it?
Any equation that can be put in the standard form 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 where 𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄 ∈ 𝑹,
𝒂 ≠ 𝟎 is called a second-degree equation or a quadratic equation.keywords in definitions.
This table may also be filled with color.
If the quadratic equation contains both the second power and the first power of the
unknown, it is called a complete quadratic equation.
Examples
1. 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 = 36 = 0
2. 12𝑦 2 = −23𝑦 − 5
3. 20 = 𝑥(2 − 𝑥)
If the quadratic equation contains only the second power of the unknown, it is called an
incomplete or pure quadratic equation.
Examples
1. 𝑥 2 − 9 = 0
2. 3𝑥 2 = 108
3. 𝑥 2 − 5 = 0
Roots or solutions to a quadratic equation are the values of the unknown which will satisfy
the equation.
4.1. By Factoring
Quadratic equations with 0 as one side can often be solve by factoring the quadratic into
linear factors and use zero product-property.
Zero-Product Property
For all real numbers a and b, ab =0 if and only if a=0 or b=0
The method consists of the following steps:

I. Write the quadratic equation in standard form.
II. Factor the left member, each factor must contain the variable to the first power.
III. Set each factor equal to zero.
IV. Solve the resulting equations.
30
Examples
1. 4𝑥 2 = 2𝑥
4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = 0 Write in Standard Form
2𝑥(2𝑥 − 1) = 0 Factor the Left Member
2𝑥 = 0 ; 2𝑥 − 1 = 0 Equate each Linear Equation to 0
2𝑥 0
= 2 ; 2𝑥 = 1 Solve for x
2
2𝑥 1
𝑥=0 ; =2
2
𝟏
𝒙=𝟎 ; 𝒙=𝟐
𝟏
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒕 {𝟎, 𝟐}
2. 2𝑦 2 − 3𝑦 − 2𝑦 + 2 = 0
2𝑦 2 − 5𝑦 + 2 = 0 Write in Standard Form
(2𝑦 − 1)(𝑦 − 2) = 0 Factor the Left Member
2𝑦 − 1 = 0 ; 𝑦 − 2 = 0 Equate each Linear Equation to 0
2𝑦 = 1 ; 𝑦 = 2 Solve for y
2𝑦 1
= ; 𝑦=2
2 2
𝟏
𝒚=𝟐 ; 𝒚=𝟐
𝟏
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒕 {𝟐 , 𝟐}
4.2. Square Root Property

If 𝑏 = 𝟎 in a quadratic equation, the equation has no linear term and takes the form 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒄 = 𝟎.
Equations of this form can be solved by the Square Root Property.
The Square Root Property

If 𝑐 > 0, then the equation 𝑥 𝟐 = 𝒄 has two real roots: 𝑥 = ±√𝑐
Examples
1. 2𝑦 2 − 3 = 0
2𝑦 2 = 3 Property of Addition
2𝑦 2 3
=2 Property of Division
2
2 3
𝑦 =2
3
𝑦 = ±√ Apply Square Root Property
2
3 3
𝑥 = −√2 ; 𝑥 = √2
31
3 2 3 2
𝑥 = −√2 ( √2 ) ; 𝑥 = √2 (√2 )
√6 √6
𝑥=− ; 𝑥=
2 2
√6 √6
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒕 {− 2 , 2 }
2. (𝑥 + 1)2 = 4
𝑥 + 1 = ±√4 Apply Square Root Property
𝑥 = −1 ± 2
𝑥 = −1 − 2 ; 𝑥 = −1 + 2
𝑥 = −3 ; 𝑥 = 1
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒕 {−3,1}
4.3. By Completing the Square

If the quadratic equation cannot be solved by factoring, completing the square may be
applied.
Rules in Solving a Quadratic equation by Completing the Square:
I. Arrange the equation in the form 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 = −𝒄.

II. Divide both members of the equation by a, if 𝑎 ≠ 𝟏
III. Make the left member a perfect square trinomial by taking the square of one half of b
𝒃
((𝟐)𝟐 ) and adding the result to both sides of the equation.
IV. Factor the left trinomial as a perfect square trinomial.
V. Take the square root of both sides of the equation using the double sign to the right
member of the equation.
VI. Solve the resulting equation.
Examples
1. 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 24 = 0
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 = 24 Write in 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 = −𝒄 form
𝒃 𝟐 𝒃
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + ( ) = 24 + ( )𝟐 Make a Perfect Square Trinomial
𝟐 𝟐
−𝟓 𝟐 −𝟓 𝟐
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + ( 𝟐 ) = 24 + ( 𝟐 )
25 𝟐𝟓
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + = 24 +
4 𝟒
𝟓 𝟐 𝟐𝟒(𝟒)+𝟐𝟓
(𝒙 − 𝟐) = Factor the left member of the Equation
𝟒
𝟐
√(𝒙 − 𝟓) = ±√121
𝟐 4
𝟓 11
𝒙−𝟐 =± Apply Square Root Property
2
32
𝟓 11 5 11
𝒙=𝟐− ;𝒙 = 2 + Solve for x
2 2
6 16
𝑥 = −2 ; 𝑥 = 2
𝒙 = −𝟑 ; 𝒙 = 𝟖
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒕 {−𝟑, 𝟖}
2. 2𝑥 2 = 3𝑥 + 2
2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 = 2 Write in 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 = −𝒄 form
2𝑥 2 −3𝑥 2
=2 Divide both equations by a
2
3 𝒃 𝟐 𝒃
𝑥 2 − 2 𝑥 + ( 𝟐 ) = 1 + (𝟐 )𝟐 Make a Perfect Square Trinomial
3 −𝟑 𝟐 −𝟑 𝟐
𝑥2 − 2 𝑥 + ( 𝟒 ) = 1 + ( 𝟒 )
9 𝟗
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + = 1+
16 𝟏𝟔
𝟑 𝟐 (𝟏𝟔)+𝟗
(𝒙 − 𝟒) = Factor the left member of the Equation
𝟒
𝟐
√(𝒙 − 𝟑) = ±√25
𝟒 4
𝟑 5
𝒙− =± Apply Square Root Property
𝟒 4
𝟑 5 3 5
𝒙=𝟒−4 ;𝒙 = 4 + 4 Solve for x
2 8
𝑥 = −4 ; 𝑥=4
𝟏
𝒙 = −𝟐 ; 𝒙=𝟐
𝟏
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒕 {− , 𝟐}
𝟐
4.4. By Quadratic Formula

Given the standard form 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 using completing the square:
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 = −𝑐 √(𝒙 + 𝒃 𝟐 𝒃𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄
) = ±√
𝒃 𝒄 𝟐𝒂 𝟒𝒂𝟐
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒂 𝒙 = − 𝒂
𝒃 √𝒃𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝟐 𝒃 𝒃 𝟐 𝒄 𝒃 𝟐 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒂 = ±
𝒙 + 𝒙+( ) = − +( ) 2𝑎
𝒂 𝟐𝒂 𝒂 𝟐𝒂
𝒃 √𝒃𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝟐 𝒃 𝒃𝟐 𝒄 𝒃𝟐 𝒙 = − 𝟐𝒂 ±
𝒙 + 𝒂 𝒙 + 𝟒𝒂𝟐 = − 𝒂 + 𝟒𝒂𝟐 2𝑎
𝟐 −𝑏±√𝒃𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝒃 𝒃𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄 𝒙=
(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒂) = 2𝑎
𝟒𝒂𝟐
33
This implies that there are 2 roots:

−𝑏−√𝒃𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄 −𝑏+√𝒃𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝒙= and 𝒙=
2𝑎 2𝑎
𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆: 𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓𝑥 2

𝑏 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓𝑥
𝑐 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚.
Examples
1. 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 = 6
𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 6 = 0
𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 5, 𝑐 = −6
−𝑏±√𝒃𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝒙= 2𝑎
−5±√𝟓𝟐 −𝟒(𝟏)(−𝟔)
𝒙= 2(1)
−5±√𝟐𝟓+𝟐𝟒
𝒙= 2
−5±√𝟒𝟗
𝒙= 2
−5±7
𝒙= 2
−5−7 −5+7
𝒙= ;𝒙 =
2 2
−12 2
𝒙= ;𝒙 = 2
2
𝒙 = −6 ; 𝒙 = 1
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒕 {−𝟔, 𝟏}
2. 3𝑥 2 − 4 = −4𝑥
3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 4 = 0
𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = 4, 𝑐 = −4
−𝑏±√𝒃𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝒙= 2𝑎
−4±√𝟒𝟐 −𝟒(𝟑)(−𝟒)
𝒙= 2(3)
−4±√𝟏𝟔+𝟒𝟖
𝒙= 6
−4±√𝟔𝟒
𝒙= 6
−4±8
𝒙= 6
−4−8 −4+8
𝒙= ;𝒙 =
6 6
−12 4
𝒙= 6
;𝒙 = 6
2 𝟐
𝒙 = −2 ; 𝒙 = 3 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒕 {−𝟐, 𝟑 }
34
3. 2(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 2) = 20
2(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2) = 20
2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4 = 20
2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 24 = 0
𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 2, 𝑐 = −24
−𝑏±√𝒃𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝒙= 2𝑎
−2±√𝟐𝟐 −𝟒(𝟐)(−𝟐𝟒)
𝒙= 2(2)
−2±√𝟒+𝟏𝟗𝟐
𝒙= 4
−2±√𝟏𝟗𝟔
𝒙= 4
2±14
𝒙= 4
−2−14 −2+14
𝒙= ;𝒙 =
4 4
−16 12
𝒙= ;𝒙 =
4 4
𝒙 = −4 ; 𝒙 = 3 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒕 {−𝟒, 𝟑}
4.5. Solving Equations in Quadratic form

Equations such as 𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 2 − 3 can be written in quadraric form and solved by methods
used to solve quadratic equations. Since 𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 2 − 3 = 0 can be written as as (𝑥 2 )2 − 2(𝑥 2 ) −
3 = 0, the equation is said to be in quadratic form. You can use factoring or the quadratic formula
to solve for 𝑥 2 , and then solve for x. (Hall & Fabricant)
Examples
1. Solve 𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 2 − 3 = 0
𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 2 − 3 = 0
(𝑥 2 )2 − 2(𝑥 2 ) − 3 = 0 The equation is quadratic in 𝑥 2
(𝑥 2 − 3)(𝑥 2 + 1) = 0
(𝑥 2 − 3) = 0 (𝑥 2 + 1) = 0 Equate both factors to 0
𝑥2 − 3 = 0 Isolate x
𝑥2 = 3
𝒙 = ± √𝟑
𝑥2 + 1 = 0 Isolate x
𝑥 2 = −1 𝒙=±𝒊
35
Check:
(± √𝟑)4 − 2(± √𝟑)2 − 3 = 0 (± 𝒊)4 − 2(± 𝒊)2 − 3 = 0
9 − 2(3) − 3 = 0 1 − 2(−1) − 3 = 0
9−6−3= 0 1+2−3= 0
0=0 0=0
The solutions are ± √𝟑 and ± 𝒊
2. Solve 𝑥 − 3√𝑥 − 4 = 0
𝑥 − 3√𝑥 − 4 = 0
2
(√𝑥) − 3(√𝑥) − 4 = 0 The equation is quadratic in 𝑥 2
(√𝑥 − 4)(√𝑥 + 1) = 0
(√𝑥 − 4) = 0 (√𝑥 + 1) = 0 Equate both factors to 0
(√𝑥 − 4) = 0 Isolate x
√𝑥 = 4
𝑥 = (4)2
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟔
√𝑥 + 1 = 0
√𝑥 = −1 Isolate x
𝑥 = (−1)2
𝒙=𝟏
Check:
(16) − 3√16 − 4 = 0 1 − 3√1 − 4 = 0
16 − 3(4) − 4 = 0 1 − 3(1) − 4 = 0
16 − 12 − 4 = 0 −6 = 0
0=0 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
The solutions is 16
36
𝑥−2 1 𝑥+1
3. Solve + 2 = 𝑥−2
𝑥
𝑥−2 1 𝑥+1
+ 2 = 𝑥−2 Note that the solution set does not include 0 or 2
𝑥
𝑥−2 1 𝑥+1
2𝑥(𝑥 − 2) ( + 2) = (𝑥−2) 2𝑥(𝑥 − 2) Multiply both sides by the LCD
𝑥
2(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 2) + 𝑥(𝑥 − 2) = 2𝑥(𝑥 + 1)

2(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4) + 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
2𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 8 + 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 8 = 0
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= Use quadratic formula
2𝑎
−(−12)±√(−12)2 −4(1)(8)
𝑥= 2(1)
12+√144−32
𝑥= 𝑥=
12−√144−32
2 2
12+√112 12−√112
𝑥= 𝑥=
2 2
12+4√7 12−4√7
𝑥= 𝑥= 2
2
𝑥 = 6 + 2√7 𝑥 = 6 − 2√7
Check to show that the solutions are 𝟔 + 𝟐√𝟕 and 𝟔 − 𝟐√𝟕
Solving an equation involving two radicals can lead to a quadratic equation.Remember to

isolate one radical and square both sides. Then isolate the remaining radical and square again.
4. Solve √𝑦 + 1 − √2𝑦 + 1 = 0
√𝑦 + 1 − √2𝑦 + 1 = 0
√𝑦 + 1 = √2𝑦 − 1 Isolate one radical

2 2
√𝑦 + 1 = (√2𝑦 − 1) Square both sides
𝑦 + 1 = 2𝑦 − 2√2𝑦 + 1
2√2𝑦 = 𝑦 Isolate the remaining radical

2
(2√2𝑦) = 𝑦 2 Square both sides
4(2𝑦) = 𝑦 2
37
𝑦 2 − 8𝑦 = 0
𝑦(𝑦 − 8) = 0
𝒚=𝟎 (𝑦 − 8) = 0 Equate both factors to 0
𝒚=𝟖 Isolate y
Check:
√0 + 1 − √2(0) + 1 = 0 √8 + 1 − √2(8) + 1 = 0
1 − √2 + 1 = 0 3−4+1= 0
0=0
2 − √2 ≠ 0
𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
The solutions is 8.
What’s more?
A. For each equation, find the value of k that would make the left side a perfect square trinomial
1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑘𝑥 + 64 = 0
2. 𝑥 2 − 𝑘𝑥 + 25 = 7
B. Solve by taking the square root of each side.

1. (𝑥 + 3)2 = 9
2. 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1 = 4
C. Solve the quadratic equation by any method

1. 3𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 18 = 0
2. 2𝑟 2 + 23𝑟 + 26 = 0
What I have learned

Solve the equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 , where a, b and c are constants using the
completing the square. What can you say about the result?
38
What I can do
I. Solve the following quadratic equations:
A. By factoring
1. 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 16 = 0
2. 2𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 + 21 = 0
B. By square root method

1. (𝑥 + 3)2 − 9 = 0
2. (2𝑥 − 1)2 + 4 = 0
C. By completing the square
1. 𝑥 2 − 2√2 𝑥 = 35
2. 4𝑎2 𝑥 2 + 8𝑎𝑥 + 3 = 0
D. By Quadratic formula
1. 2𝑥 2 = 7𝑥 − 8
2. 15𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 = 0
II. Solve the following quadratic equations:

1. 𝑦 4 + 7𝑦 2 + 6 = 0
2. 𝑥 − 2√𝑥 − 8 = 0
3. √𝑦 + 4 = √𝑦 − 2
4. (𝑥 2 − 1)2 − 2(𝑥 2 − 1) = 3
Choose the best answer.
1. The general form of a quadratic equation is
a. 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 c. 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
b. 2𝑥 + 𝑦 2 = 29 d. 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
2. Which of the following is not a quadratic equation?
a. 3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 3 + 1 = 0 c. 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 11 = 0
b. 4𝑥 2 − 9 = 0 d. 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 6 = 0
3. The degree of quadratic equation is
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
39
4. The quadratic equation whose roots are 2 is

a. 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 4 = 0 c. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 = 0
b. 𝑥 2 − 4 = 0 d. 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 = 0
5. If one root of the quadratic equation 2𝑥 2 + 𝑘𝑥 + 21 = 0 is -3, what is the value of k?

a. -7/2 c. 13
b. 7/2 d. -13
6. Which of the following equation can be solve by factoring?
a. 𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 7 = 0 c. 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 6 = 0
b. 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 11 = 0 d. 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 41 = 0
7. Which of the following equation that leads to quadratic equation?
c. 𝑎 2 + 5𝑎 + 6 = (𝑎 − 1)2 c. 3𝑎 2 + 3𝑎 + 7
𝑎 𝑎 1
d. 11 + 2 = 1 d. 𝑎 + 3𝑎 = 2
1 1
8. What is the extraneous root of the equation 𝑥−1 + 𝑥−3 = 2?
a. 1 and 3 c. -1 and 3
b. -1 and -3 d. 0 and3
9. Find the value of k that would make the left side of the equation a perfect square trinomial : 𝑥 2 +
𝑘𝑥 + 36 = 0
a. 6 c. 10
b. 8 d. 12
10. What are the solutions of the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 24 = 0?
a. 2 and 12 c. -2 and 12
b. -2 and -12 d. 2 and -12
11. Which of the following quadratic equation can not be solve by factoring?
a. 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 12 = 0 c. 2𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 5 = 0
2
b. 𝑥 − 12𝑥 − 25 = 0 d. 𝑥 2 − 9 = 0
12. What are the solutions of the quadratic equation 4𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 13 = 0?
2+5𝑖 2−5𝑖 2+3𝑖 2−3𝑖
a. 2 and 2 c. 2 and 2
1+5𝑖 1−5𝑖 1+5𝑖 1−5𝑖
b. 2 and 2 d. 2 and 2
13. Which of the following can be written in quadratic form?
a. 𝑥 + √𝑥 = 0 c. 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 2 = 0
1 2
b. √𝑥 + 1 = 4 d. 𝑥+1 = 𝑥−3
14. What is the first step to solve the problem 𝑥 + 7√𝑥 = −12?
a. square both sides c. Isolate the radical
b. Isolate the x d. none of the choices
15. Which of the following quadratic equation can be solve by factoring?
a. 𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 25 = 0 c. 2𝑥 2 = 21 − 𝑥
2
b. 9𝑥 − 12𝑥 + 5 = 0 d. 𝑥 2 + 4 = 0
40
Answer Key
41
Lesson Fundamental Concepts in

5
Analytic Geometry
Objective: To find the distance formula, the slope and midpoint formula. To know how to solve
the equation of the line.
Subject Matters:
Lesson 5.1. Distance Between Two Points
Lesson 5.2. Midpoint of Line Segment
Lesson 5.3. Slope of a line
Lesson 5.4. Locus of Points
Lesson 5.5. Equation of a Straight Line
V. To find the distance between two points in a plane
VI. To find the slope of a line
VII. To find the coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment
VIII. To write an equation of a line
Evaluation:
Performance Task: To be deployed in Blackboard
Written Work: To be deployed in Aleks

A. Choose the best answer.
42
16. Find the distance between the points with the coordinates (2,7) and (6,7)
e. 4 b. 2 c. d. 8
17. Find the coordinates of the midpoint of the segment with endpoints (6,4) and (-4,4).
a. (5,0) b. (1,4) c. (2,4) d. (2,8)
18. If M is the midpoint of AB, then the coordinates of B if A(-3,5) and M(-6,-2).
9 3
a. (− 2 , 2) b. (9,9) c. (−9, −9) d. (0,12)
19. What is the length of radius of a circle with its center at the origin if it passes through (5,3).
a. √34 b. 34 c. 4 d. 2
20. The endpoints of a diameter of a circle are (2,7) and (6,5). Find the coordinates of the center of
the circle
3
a. (4,6) b. (2 , 1) c. (2, −1) d. (1,3)
21. Find the slope of the line passing through (2,5) and (3,7)
a. 𝑚 = 2 b. 𝑚 = −1 c. 𝑚 = −2 d. 𝑚 = 1
22. What is the equation of the line with the given slope 5 and y-intercept 3
a. 5𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3 c. 5𝑥 + 𝑦 = −3
b. 5𝑥 − 𝑦 = −3 d. none of the choices
23. A road is built on an incline. Find the slope of the road if a line representing the road passes
through the points (1,10) and (20,11)
1 1
a. −19 b. 19 c. − 19 d. 19
24. Which of the following equation of the line have zero slope?
a. 𝑥 = 5 b. 𝑦 = 5 c. 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 1 d. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 5
25. Which of the following equation of the line have undefined slope?
a. 𝑥 = 5 b. 𝑦 = 5 c. 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 1 d. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 5
26. The equation parallel to 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 8 is____
a. 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 11 c. 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10
b.3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10 d. cannot be determine
27. The equation perpendicularl to 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 8 is____
a. 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 11 c. 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10
b.3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10 d. cannot be determine
28. The equation parallel to 5𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 8 that passes through (2,1) is
a. 5𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 7 c. 5𝑥+3𝑦 = 10
b.3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 10 d. 3𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 12
29. The equation parallel to 𝑥 = 2 is____
a. 𝑦 = 5 c. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2
b.𝑥 = 5 d. cannot be determine
30. The equation perpendicular to 𝑥 = 2 is____
a. 𝑦 = 5 c. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2
What is it?
43
5.1. Distance between Two Points

Surveyor, architects, mapmakers, and navigators need to find the distance between two
places, or points on a map or diagram. Sometimes right triangles are used to help determine
distances.
If you know the coordinates of two points A and B, then AB, the distance between them,
can be found. Assume that A and B are points on a number line, with coordinates a and b,
respectively. Then AB is the absolute value of the difference of the coordinates a and b. (Hall &
Fabricant)
For any two points 𝑃1 (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) and 𝑃2 (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ):
|𝑥2 − 𝑥1 | is the distance along the horizontal segment between the 𝑥-values.
|𝑦2 − 𝑦1 | is the distance along the horizontal segment between the 𝑦-values.
Use the Pythagorean Theorem to calculate the distance 𝑑.
𝒅 = √(𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 )𝟐 + (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐
Examples
1. (−2, − 1) and (1, 3).
𝑑 = √(𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 + (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2
𝑑 = √(3 − (−1))2 + (1 − (−2))2
𝑑 = √(4)2 + (3)2
𝑑 = √16 + 9
𝑑 = √25
𝑑 = 5 units
2. (−3, 7) and (5, − 2).

𝑑 = √(𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 + (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2
𝑑 = √(−2 − 7)2 + (5 − (−3))2
𝑑 = √(−9)2 + (8)2
𝑑 = √81 + 64
𝑑 = √145
𝑑 = 12.042 units
3. (4, − 5) and (−3, − 2).

𝑑 = √(𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 + (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2
𝑑 = √(−2 − (−5))2 + (−3 − 4)2
𝑑 = √(3)2 + (−7)2
𝑑 = √9 + 49
𝑑 = √58
𝑑 = 7.62 units
4. Find x so that the distance between 𝐴(2, − 1) and B(𝑥, 2) is 5.
𝑑 = √(𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 + (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2
5 = √(2 − (−1))2 + (𝑥 − 2)2
44
5 = √(3)2 + (𝑥 − 2)2
5 = √9 + (𝑥 − 2)2
5 = √9 + 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4
25 = 9 + 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4
0 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 + 9 − 25
0 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 + 9 − 25
0 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 12
0 = (𝑥 − 6)(𝑥 + 2)
𝑥 = 6; 𝑥 = −2
B(6, 2) 𝑜𝑟 B(−2, 2)
5.2. Midpoint of Line Segment

A midpoint divides a line segment into two line segments of equal length. The definition
of midpoint, along with the distance formula, can be used to verify a formula for the coordinates
of the midpoint of a line segment.
The midpoint M(xm , ym ) of the line segment with endpoints (x1 , y1 ) and (x2 , y2 ) is given by:
𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐
𝒙𝒎 =
𝟐
𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐
𝒚𝒎 =
𝟐
Examples
1. Find the coordinates of the midpoint of the line segment with the endpoints (−2, − 1)
and (1, 3).
(−2, − 1) and (1, 3).
𝑥1+𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
𝑥𝑚 = 𝑦𝑚 =
2 2
−2+1 3+(−1)
2 2
1 2
𝑥𝑚 = − 2 𝑦𝑚 = 2
𝑦𝑚 = 1
𝟏
𝑷(− , 𝟏)
𝟐
2. Find the coordinates of the midpoint of the line segment with the endpoints (4, − 5)
and (−3, − 2)
𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
2 2
45
4+(−3) −5+(−2)
2 2
1 7
𝑥𝑚 = 2 𝑦𝑚 = − 2
𝟏 𝟕
𝑷( , − )
𝟐 𝟐
3. The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other at the point (5, 4). One of the diagonals
has an endpoint (1,2) . Find the coordinates of the other endpoint of that diagonal.
Solution:
Draw a parallelogram to hep you understand the situation. You are asked to find the
coordinates of the other endpoint of the diagonal. The diagonals bisect each other. That
is, they intersect at their midpoints. You will need to use the midpoint formula.
Let x be the x-coordinate of the other endpoint of
(x,y) the diagonal. Let y be the y-coordinate of the
other endpoint. The coordinates of the midpoint
(5,4) M of the diagonal are (5,4), so
(1,2) 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2
( , ) = (5,4)
2 2
1+𝑥
Therefore = 5 then 1 + 𝑥 = 10 ; x=9
2
2+𝑦
And = 4 then 2 + 𝑦 = 8 ; y=6
2
The coordinates of the other endpoint are (9,6)
5.3. Slope of a line

The steepness of a line is measured by the ration of the change in the vertical distance,
𝑦2 − 𝑦1, to the change in the horizontal distance, 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 , between any two points on the line.
A nonvertical line passing through points 𝑃1 (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) and 𝑃2 (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) has slope 𝑚, given by the
formula:
𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏
𝒎=
𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏
where 𝑥1 ≠ 𝑥2 or
𝒓𝒊𝒔𝒆 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆
𝒎= =
𝒓𝒖𝒏 𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒛𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆
46
Examples
1. (−2, − 1) and (1, 3). 2. (−3, 7) and (5, − 2). 3. (4, − 5) and (−3, − 2).
𝑦 −𝑦 𝑦 −𝑦 𝑦 −𝑦
𝑚= 2 1 𝑚= 2 1 𝑚= 2 1
𝑥2 −𝑥1 𝑥2 −𝑥1 𝑥2 −𝑥1
3−(−1) −2−7 −2−(−5)
𝑚 = 1−(−2) 𝑚 = 5−(−3) 𝑚 = −3−4
4 9 3
𝑚 =3 𝑚 = −8 𝑚 =7
Types of the slope:

1. If the line rises to the right, the slope is positive.
2. If the line falls to the right, the slope is negative.
3. If the line is horizontal, the slope is zero.
4. If the slope is vertical, the slope is undefined.
5.4. Locus of Points

An equation involving the variables 𝑥 and 𝑦 is usually satisfied by an infinite number of pairs of values of 𝑥 and
𝑦, and each pair of values corresponds to a point. These points follow a pattern according to the given
equation and form a geometric figure called the locus of the equation.
Since an equation of a curve is a relationship satisfied by the 𝑥 and 𝑦 coordinates of each point on the curve
(but by no other point), we need merely to consider an arbitrary point (𝑥, 𝑦) on the curve and give a
description of the curve in terms of 𝑥 and 𝑦 satisfying a given condition.
Examples
1. A line equidistant from (5, 8) and (-2, 4).
√(𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 + (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 = √(𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 + (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2
√(𝑦2 − 8)2 + (𝑥2 − 5)2 = √(𝑦2 − 4)2 + (𝑥2 − (−2))2
(𝑦2 − 8)2 + (𝑥2 − 5)2 = (𝑦2 − 4)2 + (𝑥2 − (−2))2
𝑦 2 − 16𝑦 + 64 + 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 25 = 𝑦 2 − 8𝑦 + 16 + 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4
𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 − 16𝑦 − 10𝑥 + 89 = 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 − 8𝑦 + 4𝑥 + 20
−16𝑦 − 10𝑥 + 89 = −8𝑦 + 4𝑥 + 20
8𝑦 − 16𝑦 − 10𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 89 − 20 = 0
−𝟏𝟒𝒙 − 𝟖𝒚 + 𝟔𝟗 = 𝟎
2. A line equidistant from (-1, 0) and (3, 4).

√(𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 + (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 = √(𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 + (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2
√(𝑦2 − 0)2 + (𝑥2 − (−1))2 = √(𝑦2 − 4)2 + (𝑥2 − 3)2
(𝑦2 )2 + (𝑥2 − (−1))2 = (𝑦2 − 4)2 + (𝑥2 − 3)2
𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 = 𝑦 2 − 8𝑦 + 16 + 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9
𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 = 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 − 8𝑦 − 6𝑥 + 25
2𝑥 + 1 = −8𝑦 − 6𝑥 + 25
8𝑦 + 8𝑥 − 24 = 0
𝒚+𝒙−𝟑=𝟎
47
3. A line equidistant from (2, 1) and the vertical line x=-1

√(𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 + (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 = √(𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 + (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2
√(𝑦2 − 1)2 + (𝑥2 − 2)2 = √(𝑥2 − (−1))2
(𝑦2 − 1)2 + (𝑥2 − 2)2 = (𝑥2 − (−1))2
𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 1 + 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1
𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 − 4𝑥 + 5 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1
𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 − 4𝑥 + 5 = 2𝑥 + 1
𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 − 6𝑥 + 4 = 0
𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎
4. A line wherein the difference of its distance from (3,0) and (-3,0) is 2
√(𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 + (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 − √(𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 + (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 = 2
√(𝑦)2 + (𝑥 − 3)2 − √(𝑦)2 + (𝑥 + 3)2 = 2
√(𝑦)2 + (𝑥 − 3)2 = √(𝑦)2 + (𝑥 + 3)2 + 2
𝑦 2 + (𝑥 − 3)2 = 4 + 4√(𝑦)2 + (𝑥 + 3)2 + 𝑦 2 + (𝑥 + 3)2
𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 = 4 + 4√(𝑦)2 + (𝑥 + 3)2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9
−12𝑥−4 4√(𝑦)2 +(𝑥+3)2
=
−4 4
−(3𝑥 + 1) = √(𝑦)2 + (𝑥 + 3)2
(3𝑥 + 1) = 𝑦 + (𝑥 + 3)2
2 2
9𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 1 = 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9
𝟖𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖 = 𝟎
5.5. Equation of a Straight Line

A straight line is the locus of a point that moves in a plane in a constant slope.
Equation of Vertical/ Horizontal Line

If a straight line is parallel to the y-axis (vertical line), its equation is 𝑥 = 𝑘, where 𝑘 is the directed distance of
the line from the y-axis.
Similarly, if a line is parallel to the x-axis (horizontal line), its equation is 𝑦 = 𝑘, where 𝑘 is the directed
distance of the line from the x-axis.
Different Equations of a Straight Line:

A. Point-Slope Form
B. Two-Point Form
C. Slope-Intercept Form
D. Intercept Form
A. Point-Slope Form
Let: P(x,y) be any point on a line l. If P(x,y) is a fixed point on it, then
𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏
𝒎= 𝐨𝐫 𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 = 𝒎(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 )
𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏
48
Example: Find the equation of the line passing through (2,-4) and has a slope(m)=-3/5
𝑦1 = −4, 𝑥1 = 2, m=-3/5
3
𝑦 − (−4) = − 5 (𝑥 − 2) 5𝑦 + 20 = −3𝑥 + 6
3 6
𝑦 + 4 = −5𝑥 + 5 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 + 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟎
B. Two-Point Form
The standard form of a straight line passing through two distinct points 𝑃1 (𝑥, 𝑦) and 𝑃2 (𝑥, 𝑦) with 𝑥1 ≠ 𝑥2 is
given by:
𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏
𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 = (𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 )
𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏
or
𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏
𝒚 − 𝒚𝟐 = (𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 )
𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏
Example: The equation of the line passing through (-2,-3) and (-4,4)
4−(−3)
𝑦 − (−3) = −4−(−2) (𝑥 − (−2))
7
𝑦 + 3 = −2 (𝑥 + 2)
−2𝑦 − 6 = 7𝑥 + 14
𝟕𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟎
C. Slope-Intercept Form
The standard form of the equation of a straight line with slope(m) and y-intercept (b) is given by:
𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒃
Example:
1. Find the equation of the line passing through (0,-4) and has a slope(m)=-4/9
𝑏 = −4, m=-4/9
𝟒
𝒚 = − 𝒙−𝟒
𝟗
2. Reduce to slope-intercept form the given line 3x-5y+6=0

3x + 6 = 5y
3x+6 5y
= 5
5
𝟑 𝟔
𝟓
𝐱+𝟓=𝐲
𝟑 𝟔
𝐦 = 𝟓 and b= 𝟓
49
D. Intercept Form
The standard form of a straight line with x-intercept(a) and y-intercept(b) is given by:
𝒙 𝒚
+ = 𝟏; 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒂, 𝒃 ≠ 𝟎 𝑷(𝒙, 𝒚)
𝒂 𝒃
Example:
1. Find the intercept of a line whose equation is 3x-5y-15=0
3𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 15
3𝑥 5𝑦 15
− 15 = 15
15
𝑥 𝑦
5
+ −3 = 1
𝑥 𝑦
+ =1
𝑎 𝑏
𝒂 = 𝟓 and b= −𝟑
2. Determine the equation of the line passing through (0,-3) and (4,0)
𝑥 𝑦
+𝑏 = 1
𝑎
𝑥 𝑦
+ =1
4 −3
−3𝑥+4𝑦
=1
12
−3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 12
−𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎
What’s more?
A. Solve the following problem.
1. Find the slope of the line passing through (7,2) and (−3,12).
2. What is the distance of the line whose endpoints are (2,4) and (−4,10).
3. What is the midpoint of the line whose endpoins are (2,4) and (−4,10).
4. Write in standard form the equation of the line that passes through the points (4, −1)
and (5, −2).
5. Write an equation of the line with m is -3 and y-intercept is 2.
6. Find y so that the distance between 𝐴(−2, 1) and B(3, 𝑦) is √34.
What I have learned

1. Show that a quadrilateral whose vertices have coordinates (2,5), (4,8), (7,6) and (5,3) is a
rectangle
2. Show that the triangle whose vertices have coordinates (3,5), (-2,6) and (1,3) is a right
triangle. (Clue: right triangle have one perpendicular line)
50
A. Choose the best answer.
1. The equation perpendicular to 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 8 is____

a. 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 11 c. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10
b.2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 10 d. cannot be determine
2. Find the coordinates of the midpoint of the segment with endpoints (6,-4) and (4,4).
a. (5,0) b. (1,4) c. (2,4) d. (2,8)
3. If M is the midpoint of AB, then the coordinates of B if A(-3,5) and M(3,1).
9 3
a. (− 2 , 2) b. (9,-3) c. (−9, −3) d. (−9,1)
4. What is the length of radius of a circle with its center at the (1,1) if it passes through (5,3).
a. √34 b. 2√5 c. √5 d. √13
5. Find the distance between the points with the coordinates (1,3) and (6,7)
f. √39 b. √170 c. √41 d. 8
6. The endpoints of a diameter of a circle are (1,-7) and (3,5). Find the coordinates of the center of
the circle
3
a. (4,6) b. (2 , 1) c. (2, −1) d. (1,3)
7. Find the slope of the line passing through (2,1) and (3, −1)
a. 𝑚 = 2 b. 𝑚 = −1 c. 𝑚 = −2 d. 𝑚 = 1
8. The equation perpendicular to 𝑥 = 1 is____
a. 𝑦 = 15 c. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2
b.𝑥 = 15 d. 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2
9. What is the equation of the line with the given slope -5 and y-intercept 3
a. 5𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3 c. 5𝑥 + 𝑦 = −3
b. 5𝑥 − 𝑦 = −3 d. none of the choices
10. A road is built on an incline. Find the slope of the road if a line representing the road passes
through the points (1,10) and (20,11)
1 1
a. − 19 b. 19 c. 19 d. −19
11. Which of the following equation of the line have zero slope?
a. 𝑥 = 10 b. 𝑦 = 15 c. 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 1 d. 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 5
12. Which of the following equation of the line have undefined slope?
a. 𝑥 = 10 b. 𝑦 = 15 c. 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 1 d. 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 5
13. The equation parallel to 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 8 is____
a. 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 11 c. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10
b.𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10 d. cannot be determine
14. The equation parallel to 5𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 8 that passes through (2,1) is
a. 5𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 7 c. 5𝑥+3𝑦 = 10
b.3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 10 d. 3𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 12
15. The equation parallel to 𝑥 = 1 is____
a. 𝑦 = 15 c. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2
51
Answer Key
References
Barnett, R. (n.d.). PreCalculus-Custom Edition for HCT.
Hall, B. C., & Fabricant, M. (n.d.). Algebra 2 with Trigonometry. Prentice Hall.
52

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MATHEMATICS and ABM CLUSTER

SCHOOL YEAR 2022 - 2023

Math04 | Specialized | CO#1

Lesson System of Linear Equations

Written Work: WW1 to be deployed in WW

What do I know? (Pre-test)

1. Which of the following has no solution set?

6. Which of the following equations is an example of identity equation?

Here are examples of equivalent equations:

1.1. Systems of Linear Equations in One Variable

A Linear Equation is a conditional equation of the first degree. It is called a linear

4. 4.8 − 7𝑥 = 0.8 − 6.2𝑥

Sometimes an equation has no solution set, as illustrated by the next example:

1. 2(6 − 8𝑥) = 2(2 − 2𝑥)

1. Which of the following is an example of conditional equation?

10. Which of the following are equivalent equations?

Lesson System of Linear Equation

Written Work: WW1 to be deployed in WW

What do I know? (Pre-test)

b. Parallel lines d. none of the above

Consider the Equations:

Methods in Solving System of Linear Equations in Two Variables

Ways in Solving System of Linear Equations in Two Variables:

2.1. Solving Linear Systems using Graphs

2.2. Solving Linear Systems Using Addition Method

3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2 Use one original equation

It is sometimes necessary to multiply one or both equations by a nonzero real number

2𝑥 + 5(0) = 10 Use one original equation

No ordered pair (x,y) can satisfy both equations. There’s no solution.

2.3. Solving Linear Systems Using Substitution Method

𝑥 = 4𝑦 + 13 Isolate x using equation(2)

What I have learned

B. Given the equations 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 and 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑒𝑦 = 𝑓 , use substitution to solve for x and y.

1. Which of the following is a linear equation in two variables?

Lesson System of Linear Equations

Objective: To solve a system of linear equations in three variables

Written Work: WW1 to be deployed in Aleks

What do I know? (Pre-test)

Let a, b, c, and k be constant

Table 3.1 Equation and System

Eliminate the z using equation(1) and equation(2)

Eliminate the z using equation 2 and equation 3

Eliminate the x using the equation(4) and equation(5)

2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 4 Multiply the equation(4) by 2

Use equation 4 or 5 to find x

𝑥 + (−1) = 2 Substitute -1 for y

The solution is (𝟑, −𝟏, 𝟐)

Lesson System of Non-Linear

Objective: To solve quadratic equation

Written Work: To be deployed in Aleks

What do I know? (Pre-test)

3. Which of the following is not a quadratic equation?

4. The degree of quadratic equation is

The method consists of the following steps:

4.2. Square Root Property

The Square Root Property

4.3. By Completing the Square

I. Arrange the equation in the form 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 = −𝒄.

4.4. By Quadratic Formula

This implies that there are 2 roots: