Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 0 views

    1

    Uploaded by

    Roua Jassim

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    1

    Uploaded by

    Roua Jassim
    0 views16 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    0 views16 pages

    1

    Uploaded by

    Roua Jassim

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 16

    Practical immunology

    rd
    3 class 2024-2025
    Department of
    Microbiology
    Handling Of Lab. Animals
    Characteristics features of
    :laboratory animals
    1. Small in size and easily to control.
    2. Short life cycle and rapidly reproduction (short
    gestation period and multifetuses)
    3. Cheap in price with lower nearing cost.
    It is mammalian species like large animal and.4
    human
    : Purposes of use lab. Animals

    1. Evaluation and standardization of vaccines


    and drugs.
    2. Study the pathogenesis of some diseases.
    3. Study some immunological tests such as
    delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH ) –
    SKIN TEST .
    4. Prepare hyperimmune serum for some
    immunological studies.
    Restraints Methods In Lab Animals:

    • In Mice&ratsThe animal should be grasped


    by the tail, and should then be placed on a
    rough surface such as a cage top while
    holding the tail firmly
    .
    • One-handed method :
    • Place the mouse’s tail between the last two
    fingers of the hand that is holding the nape.
    • Two-handed method:
    • The scruff can be grasped between the
    thumb and forefinger whilst maintaining a
    grip on the tail.

    METHOD1 METHOD2
    Guinea pigs&rabbits: grasp the loose skin of
    shoulders and necks.The hind limbs must be
    supportedat all times to prevent animals from
    .injuring its back
    RABBITS are very susceptible to lumbar
    spinal luxation
    :Route of injection in lab animals

    1. Intradermal injection(ID) :
    ❖ Insert the needle just under the surface of the
    skin
    ❖ Adistinct bleb should form
    ❖ Site of injection:The flank
    In mice Syringe 1ml, hypodermic needles 15 ×
    0.5 mm.
    In Guinea pig&rabbit Needle 2.0 × 0.5 mm are
    suitable for them The hair at site is removed
    with curved scissors or mechanical clippers.
    Subcutaneous-2
    injection (S/C)
    With your fingers lift the skin to make atent like
    at site of injection&insert needle into the
    .Subcutaneous tissue

    :Site of injection
    .Loose skin around the neck&shoulder area

    In mice 1-2 ml syringe , hypodermic needle ( 15


    . × 0.5 mm)
    In guinea pigs and rabbits,rats Syringe of
    .suitable size, hypodermic needle (30 × 0.5 mm)
    :Intramuscular injection (IM)-3

    Restrian the animal(ginea pig&rabbit)


    :Site of injection
    Caudal thigh muscle
    The recommended needle size is 25 gauges
    :Intravenous inoculation (IV)-4
    :Site of injection
    External marginal ear vein(rabbit)
    Tail vein(mouse)
    Disifect injection site and insert
    .needle(27-30)gauge
    :Intra-peritoneal injection(IP)-5
    Starvation
    Disinfect injection site
    :Site of injection
    cranial into the abdomen at 30-45 degree
    .caudal to umbillicus and lateral to midline

    Note:yellow aspirate indicates needle in


    .bladder
    needle in intestine. Greenish-brown aspirate
    :Blood withdrawal
    heart puncture-1
    Tail vein-2
    Ear vessels-3
    retro-orbital plexus-4
    Note:dilation of vessels achieved by use of
    aheat lamp,alcohol,massaging of ear,warm
    water bath or xylene
    Serum:fluid portion of blood obtained after
    blood coagulation which contained protein
    .(albumin&globulin)

    Plasma:fluid portion of blood obtained after


    using anticoagulants such as EDTA,sodium
    .citrate,heparin.which contained fibrinogen
    Preparation of serum from blood :
    ❑ In most immunological procedures serum is employed in preference to
    plasma.

    ❑ Serum is obtained by allowing blood to clot. Collecting the expressed


    serum and removing any loose blood cells by centrifugation.

    ❑ Clotting and retraction take place best at 37C.

    ❑ Immersion of the container in water bath is very much more efficient than
    the use of an incubator.

    ❑ Contraction for 2 hours in a water bath or by overnight storage in cold is


    sufficient for most of the serum to be expressed.

    ❑ Allow it to clot, and the needle should be removed immediately after


    collection and the plunger drawn back slightly so that the surface of the
    blood is within the syringe barrel.

    ❑ The syringe is then left upright in a test tube rack in an incubator until the
    blood clots.

    ❑ When clot retraction is complete the serum is delivered to the final


    container.
    THANK YOU

    You might also like