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    Introduction to C tokens

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    tahsim laptop
    lab report

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Introduction to C tokens

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    1 views8 pages

    Introduction to C tokens

    Uploaded by

    tahsim laptop
    lab report

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Title

    Introduction to C tokens.

    Objectives
    To understand the concept of tokens in C programming.

    To understand what C tokens are and how they are classified.

    To identify and categorize different types of tokens in C programs.

    To implement examples using tokens to understand their practical use.

    Introduction
    In the C programming language, tokens are the smallest individual units of a program. They serve

    as the building blocks of C code and are essential for understanding how to write, interpret, and

    analyze C programs. This lab introduces C tokens, such as keywords, identifiers, constants,

    operators, and special symbols. Understanding these tokens is fundamental to developing a solid

    foundation in C programming, as they dictate the syntax and structure of the language. This report

    details each category of tokens, describes their roles in the C programming language, and

    demonstrates practical applications.

    In programming languages, tokens are the smallest units of a program. In C, tokens are individual

    components that collectively define the syntax and structure of a program. Tokens include

    keywords, identifiers, constants, strings, operators, and punctuation symbols. Understanding these

    tokens is fundamental for writing C programs, as each token plays a unique role in defining the

    logical flow and instructions in a program. By learning about tokens, we gain foundational

    knowledge essential for understanding and writing C code.


    Theory
    In C programming, tokens are the smallest individual units or building blocks of code. They
    represent different data elements and are essential in writing and executing code. C tokens include
    keywords, identifiers, constants, strings, and operators. This report will focus on operators in C.

    1. Arithmetic Operators:
    Arithmetic operators are used for performing basic mathematical operations. In C, these include +
    (addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication), / (division), and % (modulus). For instance, using the
    operator + in a + b will add two numbers stored in variables a and b.

    2. Relational Operators:
    Relational operators help in comparing two values and return a boolean result. Common relational
    operators in C are == (equal to), != (not equal to), > (greater than), < (less than), >= (greater than
    or equal to), and <= (less than or equal to). They are primarily used in conditional statements.

    3. Logical Operators:
    Logical operators are used to combine multiple conditions in control statements. The main logical
    operators in C are && (logical AND), || (logical OR), and ! (logical NOT). They play a crucial
    role in evaluating complex conditions.

    4. Bitwise Operators:
    Bitwise operators perform operations at the bit level. The operators include & (AND), | (OR), ^
    (XOR), ~ (NOT), << (left shift), and >> (right shift). They are useful in low-level programming,
    such as setting or clearing specific bits.

    5. Assignment Operators:
    Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. The simplest assignment operator is
    =. Compound assignment operators such as +=, -=, *=, and /= combine arithmetic and assignment
    operations, which help simplify code.

    6. Increment and Decrement Operators:


    These operators (++ and --) are used to increase or decrease the value of a variable by one. They
    come in both prefix and postfix forms. For example, i++ increments i after its current value is
    used, while ++i increments it before.

    7. Conditional (Ternary) Operator:


    The conditional operator (?:) is a shorthand for an if-else statement. It is used to evaluate a
    condition and select one of two expressions based on the result. The syntax is
    condition ? expression1 : expression2.
    Implementation:
    Area of Rectangle
    #include <stdio.h>
    int main()
    {
    int a,b,area;
    printf("Enter height and width:\n");
    scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
    area=a*b;
    printf("Area of rectangle=%d",area);
    return 0;
    }

    Swapping of two numbers


    #include <stdio.h>
    int main()
    {
    int a=10,b=20,temp;
    printf("Before swap a=10\nb=20\n");
    temp=a;
    a=b;
    b=temp;
    printf("after swap a=%d\nb=%d",a,b);
    return 0;
    }

    Determine the largest and smallest number among three numbers


    #include <stdio.h>
    int main()
    {
    int a,b,c;
    printf("Enter three number:");
    scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);
    if(a>b&&a>c)
    {
    printf("%d is the largest num\n",a);
    }
    if(b>a&&b>c)
    {
    printf("%d is the largest num\n",b);
    }
    if(c>a&&c>b)
    {
    printf("%d is the largest num\n",c);
    }
    if(a<b&&a<c)
    {
    printf("%d is the smallest num\n",a);
    }
    if (b<a&&b<c)
    {
    printf("%d is the smallest num\n",b);
    }
    if(c<a&&c<b)
    {
    printf("%d is the smallest num\n",c);
    }
    return 0;
    }
    Determine the largest and smallest number among four numbers
    #include <stdio.h>
    int main()
    {
    int a,b,c,d;
    printf("Enter three number:");
    scanf("%d%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c,&d);
    if(a>b&&a>c&&a>d)
    {
    printf("%d is the largest num\n",a);
    }
    if(b>a&&b>c&&b>d)
    {
    printf("%d is the largest num\n",b);
    }
    if(c>a&&c>b&&c>d)
    {
    printf("%d is the largest num\n",c);
    }
    if(d>a&&d>b&&d>c)
    {
    printf("%d is the largest num\n",d);
    }
    if(a<b&&a<c&&a<d)
    {
    printf("%d is the smallest num\n",a);
    }
    if(b<a&&b<c&&b<d)
    {
    printf("%d is the smallest num\n",b);
    }
    if(c<a&&c<b&&c<d)
    {
    printf("%d is the smallest num\n",c);
    }
    if(d<a&&d<b&&d<c)
    {
    printf("%d is the smallest num\n",d);
    }
    return 0;
    }

    Triangular Series
    #include <stdio.h>
    int main()
    {
    int i,j;
    for(i=1;i<=5;i++)
    {
    for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
    {
    printf("*");
    }
    {
    printf("\n");
    }
    }
    return 0;
    }
    Output:
    Area of Rectangle:

    Swapping of two numbers:

    Triangular Series:
    Determine the largest and smallest number among three numbers:
    Determine the largest and smallest number among four numbers:
    Conclution
    Understanding tokens in C is fundamental for programming in C, as every statement relies on

    tokens to convey commands to the computer. Each type of token has a unique role, contributing to

    the language's syntax and functionality. Practicing with tokens enables programmers to write

    syntactically correct and functional code.

    This lab provided a solid understanding of the six main types of tokens in C and their roles in

    program structure. By working with operators we gained insight into how C programs are

    constructed. We understannd the necessity of correctly using each token to avoid syntax errors

    during compilation. Mastery of tokens is essential for writing effective and error-free C code,

    which lays the foundation for more advanced programming concepts.

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