MBB.IntroProb13.

ch15sec7

TRUE/FALSE

1. The Friedman test is a nonparametric test that can be used to compare more than two
dependent samples when the assumptions for an analysis of variance are invalid.

ANS: T PTS: 1

2. The Friedman test is the nonparametric counterpart to the randomized block design of the
analysis of variance.

ANS: T PTS: 1

3. We can use the Friedman test to determine whether a difference exists between two
populations. However, if we want to determine whether one population location is larger than
another, we must use the sign test.

ANS: T PTS: 1

4. If the Friedman test is applied to a data set that are generated from a randomized block
experiment with 5 treatments and 7 blocks, then the rejection region at the 5% significance
level is .

ANS: F PTS: 1

5. The Friedman test is employed to compare two or more populations when the data are
generated from a matched pairs experiment, and are either ordinal or interval, but not
normally distributed.

ANS: T PTS: 1

6. A one-sample t-test is the parametric counterpart of the Friedman test for randomized block
experimental design.

ANS: F PTS: 1

7. The Friedman test is the nonparametric counterpart of the randomized block experimental
design of the analysis of variance.

ANS: T PTS: 1

8. If the Friedman test is applied to a data set that are generated from a randomized block
experiment with 3 treatments and 5 blocks, then the rejection region at the 2.5% significance
level is > 12.8325.

ANS: F PTS: 1
 9. The Friedman test statistic is approximately chi-squared distributed with (k - 1) degrees of
freedom, provided that either the number of blocks b or the number of treatments k is greater
than or equal to 5.

ANS: T PTS: 1

10. We can use the Friedman test to determine whether two populations differ. The conclusion
will be the same as that produced from the sign test.

ANS: T PTS: 1

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A randomized block design analysis of variance test corresponds to:

a. a Wilcoxon signed rank test for paired samples

b. a Wilcoxon rank sum test
c. a Wilcoxon signed rank test for one sample
d. a Friedman test for randomized block design
e. all of these
ANS: D PTS: 1

2. A three independent samples one-way analysis of variance test corresponds to:

a. a Wilcoxon signed rank test for paired samples

b. a Wilcoxon rank sum test
c. a Wilcoxon signed rank test for one sample
d. a Kruskal-Wallis test
e. a Friedman test
ANS: D PTS: 1

3. The Friedman test is applied to problems with the following characteristics:

a. the problem objective is to compare two or more populations

b. the data are either ordinal or interval but not nominal
c. the data are generated from a randomized block experiment
d. all of these
e. the problem objective is to compare two or more populations and the data are
either ordinal or interval but not nominal
ANS: D PTS: 1

4. The nonparametric counterpart of the randomized block model of the analysis of variance is
the:

a. Kruskal-Wallis test
b. Friedman test
c. Wilcoxon rank sum test
d. Wilcoxon signed rank sum test
 e. Wilcoxon rank sum test and Wilcoxon signed rank sum test
ANS: B PTS: 1

5. A nonparametric method to compare two or more populations, when the samples are matched
pairs and the data are either ordinal or interval but not normal, is:

a. the Wilcoxon signed rank sum test

b. the sign test
c. the Friedman test
d. the Kruskal-Wallis test
e. none of these
ANS: C PTS: 1

6. In a Friedman test for comparing three populations, provided that there are five blocks, the
test statistic is calculated as = 6.594. Then, the most accurate statement that can be made
about the p-value is that:

a. p-value < 0.01

b. .05 < p-value < .10
c. .025 < p-value < .05
d. p-value > .10
e. 0.01< p-value < 0.025
ANS: C PTS: 1

7. The Friedman test are always:

a. one-tail
b. two-tail
c. used with one sample
d. used when the populations are normally distributed
e. used all the time
ANS: A PTS: 1

8. In a Friedman test for comparing four populations, provided that there as eight blocks, the test
statistic is calculated as = 10.98. If the test is conducted at the 5% significance level, the
conclusion and p-value will be:

a. reject the null hypothesis, and 0.01 < p-value < 0.025
b. reject the null hypothesis, and p-value > 0.025
c. do not reject the null hypothesis, and 0.025 < p-value < 0.05
d. do not reject the null hypothesis, and p-value < 0.05
e. reject the null hypothesis, p-value = 0
ANS: A PTS: 1

9. To apply the Friedman test to determine whether the locations of two or more populations are
the same, the samples must be:
 a. from matched pairs experiment
b. from normal populations
c. independent
d. larger than 20
e. from matched pairs experiment and from normal populations
ANS: A PTS: 1

10. If Friedman test is applied to a data set that are generated from a randomized block
experiment with 4 treatments and 8 blocks, then the rejection region at the 5% significance
level is:

a. 1.6450
b. 7.8147
c. 9.4877
d. 11.0705
e. 1.8450
ANS: B PTS: 1

PROBLEM

1. The reaction times to three stimuli were recorded for each of 8 subjects. The data, recorded in
seconds, are shown below. This problem uses Friedman's test to determine if there is a
difference among the population distributions of reaction times.

What experimental design is being used in this problem?

____________________________

The null and alternate hypotheses are as follows:

: The three population distributions are identical.

 : At least two of the three population distributions differ in location.

Describe what the Test statistic is.

________________________________________________________

Test statistic:

= ______________

Rejection region for =0.05:

Reject if > ______________

Conclusion: ______________

There is ______________ evidence to conclude that the reaction times for the three stimuli
are different.

Estimate the p-value for this problem?

______________

ANS:
Randomized block design; subjects are the blocks.; Fr is a function of the samples' rank sums
T1, T2, and T3. To find the value of Fr, we first rank the three treatment observations within
each block.; 5.25; 5.99147; Do not reject the null hypothesis; insufficient; 0.05 <= p-value <=
0.1

PTS: 1

2. Another school district also planned to evaluate two different workbooks and two distinct
teaching machines to assess their effectiveness in teaching the concept of multiplication.
However, the administrators in this school district consulted a statistician about the design of
their study. Because they were looking for a method effective on children of all abilities, the
statistician suggested they check the children's past scholastic records and divide the children
into groups according to their ability level. These ability groups represent relatively
homogeneous experimental units within which the comparison of teaching methods may be
made. She assigned one child from each ability level to each teaching method. Twenty
students participated in the study. After receiving instruction, the children took a
multiplication test and the number of errors they made were recorded.
What experimental design did the statistician use?

________________________________________________________

The null and alternate hypotheses are as follows:

: The three population distributions are identical.

: At least two of the three population distributions differ in location.

Describe what the test statistic is.

________________________________________________________

Test Statistic:

= ______________

Reject Region:

Reject if F > ______________

Conclude: ______________

The teaching methods ______________ equally effective.

Estimate the observed significance level of this test.

______________

ANS:
 Randomized block design; ability levels are the blocks.; Fr is a function of the samples’ rank
sums T1, T2, T3 and T4.; 12.063; 7.81473; Reject the null hypothesis; are not; 0.005 < p-
value < 0.010

PTS: 1

3. A toy store manager was interested in determining whether the assembly time is the same for
three models of baby strollers. The manager selected five employees at random and asked
each of them to assemble each of the strollers. The assembly time, in minutes, was recorded as
follows:

The manager wasn't sure whether the assumptions for the usual analysis of variance were
valid, so she decided to use a nonparametric procedure. Use the appropriate method to
determine whether the assembly time is the same for the three models of baby strollers. Use
= 0.05.

Test Statistic:

= ______________

Reject Region:

Reject if > ______________

Conclude: ______________

The distributions of assembly time for the three models of baby strollers are
______________.

ANS:
2.80; 5.99147; Do not reject the null hypothesis; identical

PTS: 1
4. The general manager of a frozen TV dinner maker must decide which one of four new dinners
to introduce to the market. He decides to perform an experiment to help make a decision. Each
dinner is sampled by ten people who then rate the product on a 7-point scale, where 1 = poor,
and 7 = excellent. The results are shown below.

Which statistical technique the general manager can use to help him make a decision?

______________

Can the general manager infer at the 5% significance level that there are differences in the
taste ratings of the four dinners?

Test Statistic: ______________

Reject Region:

Reject if test statistic > ______________

Conclude: ______________

The general manager ______________ infer at the 5% significance level that there are
differences in the taste ratings of the four dinners.

Using the appropriate statistical table, what statement can be made about the p-value for this
test?

______________
 ANS:
Friedman test; 16.21; 7.8147; Reject the null hypothesis; can; p-value < 0.005

PTS: 1

5. The restaurant critic on a newspaper claims that the hamburgers that one gets at the hamburger
chain restaurants are all equally bad and that people who claim to like one hamburger over
others are victims of advertising. In fact, he claims that if there were no differences in
appearance, then all hamburgers would be rated equally. To test the critic's assertion, ten
teenagers are asked to taste hamburgers from three different fast-food chains. Each hamburger
is dressed in the same way (mustard, relish, tomato, and pickle) with the same type of bun.
The teenagers taste each hamburger and rate it on a 9-point scale with 1 = bad and 9 =
excellent. The data are listed below.

Which statistical technique is appropriate if you want to compare the quality of hamburger of
the three chain restaurants?

______________

Can we infer at the 1% significance level that the critic is wrong?

Test Statistic: ______________

Reject Region:

Reject if the test statistic > ______________

Conclude: ______________
 We ______________ infer at the 1% significance level that the critic is wrong.

Using the appropriate statistical table, what statement can be made about the p-value for this
test?

______________

ANS:
Friedman test; 8.667; 9.2103; Do not reject the null hypothesis; cannot; 0.01 < p-value <
0.025

PTS: 1

6. The following data were generated from a blocked experiment. Conduct a Friedman test at the
5% significance level to determine if at least two population locations differ.

Test Statistic:

= ______________

Reject Region:

Reject if > ______________

Conclude: ______________

The locations of all four populations are ______________.

ANS:
4.20; 7.8147; Do not reject the null hypothesis; the same

PTS: 1
7. Apply the Friedman test to the accompany table of ordinal data to determine whether we can
infer at the 10% significance level that at least two population locations differ.

Test Statistic:

= ______________

Reject Region:

Reject if > ______________

Conclude: ______________

We ______________ infer at the 10% significance level that at least two population locations
differ.

ANS:
6.70; 6.2514; Reject the null hypothesis; can

PTS: 1