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    The Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics

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    neraho1297

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    The Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics

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    The Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics

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    Class Notes: The Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics Date: December 15, 2024 Instructor: Dr.

    William Thompson

    Lecture Overview This lecture introduced the foundational concepts of quantum mechanics, including its key principles,
    historical context, and major applications in modern science.

    Key Topics Covered

    1. What is Quantum Mechanics? Definition: A branch of physics dealing with the behavior of matter and energy at the
    atomic and subatomic levels. Key Differences from Classical Physics: Classical physics: Deals with macroscopic
    phenomena. Quantum mechanics: Focuses on probabilistic behavior at tiny scales.
    2. Historical Development 1900: Max Planck introduces the idea of energy quanta. 1905: Albert Einstein explains the
    photoelectric effect, demonstrating the particle nature of light. 1920s: Development of the Schrödinger equation
    and Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.
    3. Core Principles of Quantum Mechanics Wave-Particle Duality:

    Particles (like electrons) exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior. Example: The double-slit experiment.
    Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle:

    It is impossible to simultaneously measure a particle's exact position and momentum. Superposition Principle:

    A quantum system can exist in multiple states at the same time until measured. Example: Schrödinger's cat thought
    experiment. Quantum Entanglement:

    Particles become linked, and the state of one immediately influences the state of the other, regardless of distance. 4.
    The Schrödinger Equation Purpose: Describes how the quantum state of a physical system evolves over time. Key
    Components: Ψ (Psi): The wave function, representing the probability of finding a particle in a specific state. 5.
    Applications of Quantum Mechanics Technology:

    Transistors and semiconductors (basis of modern electronics). Quantum computing (e.g., solving complex problems
    faster than classical computers). Medicine:

    MRI machines rely on principles of quantum physics. Energy:

    Photovoltaic cells (solar panels).

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