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    OOPS CONCEPT

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    sabinaya971

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    OOPS CONCEPT

    Uploaded by

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    1 views6 pages

    OOPS CONCEPT

    Uploaded by

    sabinaya971

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    OOPS CONCEPT

    The main concept of OOPs is to bind the data and the functions
    that work on that together as a single unit so that no other part of
    the code can access this data.
    OOPs Concepts in Python
     Class
     Objects
     Polymorphism
     Encapsulation
     Inheritance
     Data Abstraction

    Python
    Class
    A class is a collection of objects. A class contains the blueprints or
    the prototype from which the objects are being created. It is a
    logical entity that contains some attributes and methods.

    Class Definition Syntax:


    class ClassName:
    # Statement-1
    .
    .
    .
    # Statement-N

    Python Objects
    The object is an entity that has a state and behavior associated
    with it. It may be any real-world object like a mouse, keyboard,
    chair, table, pen, etc. Integers, strings, floating-point numbers,
    even arrays, and dictionaries, are all objects.

    Creating an Object

    obj = Dog()
    Python Inheritance
    Inheritance is the capability of one class to derive or inherit the
    properties from another class. The class that derives properties is
    called the derived class or child class and the class from which the
    properties are being derived is called the base class or parent
    class.

    Types of Inheritance
     Single Inheritance: Single-level inheritance enables a
    derived class to inherit characteristics from a single-parent
    class.
     Multilevel Inheritance: Multi-level inheritance enables a
    derived class to inherit properties from an immediate
    parent class which in turn inherits properties from his
    parent class.
     Hierarchical Inheritance: Hierarchical-level inheritance
    enables more than one derived class to inherit properties
    from a parent class.
     Multiple Inheritance: Multiple-level inheritance enables
    one derived class to inherit properties from more than one
    base class.

    # Python code to demonstrate how parent constructors


    # are called.
    # parent class
    class Person(object):

    # __init__ is known as the constructor


    def __init__(self, name, idnumber):
    self.name = name
    self.idnumber = idnumber

    def display(self):
    print(self.name)
    print(self.idnumber)

    def details(self):
    print("My name is {}".format(self.name))
    print("IdNumber: {}".format(self.idnumber))

    # child class
    class Employee(Person):
    def __init__(self, name, idnumber, salary, post):
    self.salary = salary
    self.post = post

    # invoking the __init__ of the parent class


    Person.__init__(self, name, idnumber)

    def details(self):
    print("My name is {}".format(self.name))
    print("IdNumber: {}".format(self.idnumber))
    print("Post: {}".format(self.post))

    # creation of an object variable or an instance


    a = Employee('Rahul', 886012, 200000, "Intern")

    # calling a function of the class Person using


    # its instance
    a.display()
    a.details()
    output:
    Rahul
    886012
    My name is Rahul
    IdNumber: 886012
    Post: Intern

    Python Polymorphism
    Polymorphism simply means having many forms. For example, we
    need to determine if the given species of birds fly or not, using
    polymorphism we can do this using a single function.
    class Bird:
    def intro(self):
    print("There are many types of birds.")

    def flight(self):
    print("Most of the birds can fly but some
    cannot.")

    class sparrow(Bird):

    def flight(self):
    print("Sparrows can fly.")

    class ostrich(Bird):

    def flight(self):
    print("Ostriches cannot fly.")

    obj_bird = Bird()
    obj_spr = sparrow()
    obj_ost = ostrich()

    obj_bird.intro()
    obj_bird.flight()

    obj_spr.intro()
    obj_spr.flight()

    obj_ost.intro()
    obj_ost.flight()
    Output
    There are many types of birds.
    Most of the birds can fly but some cannot.
    There are many types of birds.
    Sparrows can fly.
    There are many types of birds.
    Ostriches cannot fly.

    Python Encapsulation
    Encapsulation is one of the fundamental concepts in object-
    oriented programming (OOP). It describes the idea of wrapping
    data and the methods that work on data within one unit.

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