UNIT 1: GLOBALIZATION

HOW HAS GLOBALIZATION CHANGED YOUR COUNTRY?

Globalization has undoubtedly transformed countries around the world, bringing about
significant changes in various aspects of society. In the case of my country, Vietnam, the
impact of globalization has been profound and far-reaching. From the economy to culture,
technology to politics, globalization has left an indelible mark on my nation's development.
One of the most noticeable effects of globalization on Vietnam has been its economic
transformation. With the advent of globalization, our country has witnessed a surge in foreign
investment, leading to increased trade and integration into the global market. This has resulted
in the growth of industries and the creation of job opportunities. Multinational corporations
have established their presence in our country, contributing to the expansion of the private
sector and the development of new sectors such as technology and services. However,
globalization has also brought challenges, such as market fluctuations and increased
competition, which necessitate adapting to a rapidly changing global economy.
Secondly, globalization has had a profound impact on the cultural landscape of Vietnam.
Increased international travel and communication have facilitated cultural exchange and the
blending of diverse traditions and practices. Our society has become more cosmopolitan,
embracing and integrating elements from different cultures. The influx of foreign ideas,
cuisines, music, and fashion trends has enriched our cultural fabric, promoting diversity and
fostering a sense of global interconnectedness. However, there is also a need to strike a
balance between preserving our cultural heritage and embracing globalization's cultural
influences to maintain our national identity.
Finally, advancements in technology have been a driving force behind globalization, and our
country has witnessed significant technological progress as a result. The widespread
availability of the internet and digital connectivity has revolutionized communication,
commerce, and education. It has connected people across borders, enabling instant
communication and collaboration. E-commerce has flourished, allowing businesses and
consumers to engage in global transactions. Moreover, technological innovation has improved
various sectors, including healthcare, agriculture, and transportation, enhancing efficiency and
quality of life for our citizens.
In conclusion, globalization has had a profound impact on Vietnam, transforming various
aspects of our society. The economy has become more interconnected with the global market,
bringing both opportunities and challenges. Cultural exchange and diversity have expanded,
enriching our society and fostering a sense of global interconnectedness. Technological
advancements have propelled our nation forward, improving communication, commerce, and
various sectors. As we navigate the complexities of globalization, it is crucial to harness its
benefits while addressing its challenges, ensuring sustainable development and preserving our
unique national identity in an increasingly interconnected world.
UNIT 2: EDUCATION
DISCUSS THE VARIOUS SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN STUDYING
A LANGUAGE AND STUDYING MATH
Studying a language and studying math are distinct disciplines that contribute to our
intellectual development. While both subjects involve learning and acquiring knowledge, they
differ in principles, methodologies, and the skills they develop.
In terms of similarities, both language study and math study require analytical thinking and
problem-solving skills. Language learners decode meaning, understand context, and express
themselves effectively, while math students employ logical reasoning and apply mathematical
principles to solve complex problems. Both disciplines cultivate analytical thinking through
practice. Additionally, both subjects involve acquiring foundational knowledge. Language
learners grasp vocabulary, grammar rules, and language structures, while math students
understand fundamental concepts like numbers and operations. Both language and math build
upon this foundation to advance.
However, there are notable differences. Language study is subjective, involving cultural
nuances and evolving language usage. It requires interpretation and developing
communication skills through dialogue and literature. In contrast, math study is objective,
following precise calculations and formulas. Math learners solve problems using step-by-step
processes guided by clear rules. Furthermore, language study facilitates intercultural
understanding and communication, broadening horizons and enhancing career prospects.
Math study equips individuals with quantitative skills applicable in science, engineering,
finance, and technology.
In conclusion, studying a language and studying math share similarities in analytical thinking
and foundational knowledge. However, they differ in subjectivity, application, and approach.
Embracing these similarities and differences allows us to appreciate the diverse ways of
engaging with knowledge.
UNIT 3: MEDICINE
IS DESEASE PREVENTION THE RESPONSIBILITY OF INDIVIDUALS AND THEIR
FAMILIES, OR OF THE GOVERNMENT?
The issue of disease prevention raises an important question: should the responsibility lie with
individuals and their families, or should it primarily be the government's duty? While both
parties play crucial roles in safeguarding public health, disease prevention should primarily be
the responsibility of the government.
One key reason why disease prevention should be the responsibility of the government is its
broader reach. The government has the authority and capacity to implement policies and
initiatives that can reach a larger population. It can establish public health campaigns,
disseminate essential information, and enforce regulations to promote healthy behaviors. By
taking a proactive role, the government can ensure that disease prevention measures are
accessible and beneficial to all citizens, particularly those who may not have the means or
knowledge to protect themselves effectively.
Another crucial aspect is the government's allocation of resources. The government possesses
the financial means to invest in healthcare infrastructure, research, and the development of
vaccines and treatments. It can allocate funds for preventive measures, such as vaccination
programs, public health facilities, and disease surveillance. Additionally, the government can
collaborate with healthcare professionals and organizations to implement comprehensive
prevention strategies that address a wide range of diseases and health risks. The availability of
resources and expertise at the government's disposal strengthens its ability to combat diseases
effectively.
Furthermore, the government's role in disease prevention extends to policy-making and regulation. It can establish and enforce guidelines for sanitation, food safety, and environmental
protection, which are vital in preventing the spread of diseases. By enacting and enforcing laws, the government can ensure compliance and create a framework that promotes public health.
These regulations can range from mandating vaccinations to implementing measures during public health emergencies, demonstrating the government's responsibility to protect the welfare
of its citizens.

While individuals and families have a role to play in disease prevention through personal
hygiene practices and healthy lifestyles, the primary responsibility lies with the government.
The government's broader reach and allocation of resources make it a crucial entity in
safeguarding public health. By recognizing and fulfilling this responsibility, the government
can effectively prevent diseases, protect its citizens, and promote a healthier society as a
whole.
UNIT 4: THE ENVIRONMENT
WRITE A REPORT THAT PROVIDES BOTH SHORT- AND LONG-TERM SOLUTIONS
TO STORMS AND TAKES THE COSTS INTO CONSIDERATION. REFER TO A
SPECIFIC CASE STUDY IN YOUR REPORT.
Storms pose significant challenges and require comprehensive strategies to mitigate their
impact. This report explores both short- and long-term solutions to storms, considering their
associated costs. To illustrate the application of these solutions, the report refers to the case
study of Hurricane Katrina, a catastrophic storm that struck the Gulf Coast of the United
States in 2005.
In the aftermath of a storm, immediate actions are crucial to minimize damage and protect
lives. Short-term solutions focus on emergency response and relief efforts. These include
robust evacuation plans, early warning systems, and efficient emergency response teams. In
the case of Hurricane Katrina, an effective early warning system and well-coordinated
evacuation procedures could have significantly reduced the loss of life and property damage.
Short-term solutions should also take into account cost considerations. Investing in well-
maintained infrastructure, such as stormwater drainage systems and reinforced shelters, is
essential. Additionally, allocating sufficient funds for emergency response training and
equipment ensures effective disaster management. While these measures may require initial
investments, the long-term cost savings from reduced damage and loss of life outweigh the
upfront expenses.
Long-term solutions focus on building resilience and adapting to changing climate patterns.
These include land-use planning, coastal restoration, and sustainable infrastructure
development. In the case of Hurricane Katrina, effective long-term solutions would have
involved strategic coastal protection measures, such as wetland restoration and the
construction of storm surge barriers, to mitigate future storm impacts. Long-term solutions
often require substantial investments; however, the cost of inaction can be far greater.
Investing in climate-resilient infrastructure, such as flood-resistant buildings and sustainable
drainage systems, can minimize damage and reduce recovery costs in the long run.
Furthermore, adopting measures to mitigate climate change, such as transitioning to
renewable energy sources, can lead to cost savings by reducing the frequency and intensity of
storms over time.
In conclusion, addressing storms requires a comprehensive approach that considers both
short- and long-term solutions while taking costs into account. The case study of Hurricane
Katrina highlights the importance of efficient emergency response, well-maintained
infrastructure, and long-term resilience-building measures. By investing in proactive
measures, such as early warning systems, infrastructure improvements, and climate mitigation
efforts, societies can mitigate the impact of storms, reduce costs, and protect lives and
property in the face of future weather events.
Storms can have devastating effects on communities, causing significant damage to
infrastructure, disrupting lives, and posing risks to human safety. To address these challenges,
it is essential to implement both short- and long-term solutions that can effectively mitigate
the impacts of storms.
Implementing robust early warning systems can provide timely information about
approaching storms, enabling communities to take necessary precautions and evacuate if
required. This includes establishing effective communication channels, disseminating alerts
through multiple channels, and ensuring that warnings are comprehensible and accessible to
all. Enhancing emergency preparedness is crucial in minimizing the immediate impacts of
storms. This involves developing and practicing emergency response plans, conducting drills
and training for relevant stakeholders, and maintaining adequate stocks of essential supplies
and equipment. Collaboration among government agencies, local communities, and
emergency responders is vital for effective preparedness.
Investing in resilient infrastructure can mitigate the long-term impacts of storms. This
includes designing buildings and critical infrastructure to withstand high winds and flooding,
improving drainage systems, and implementing nature-based solutions such as green
infrastructure and coastal protection measures. Incorporating climate change projections into
infrastructure planning ensures long-term resilience. Protecting and restoring natural
ecosystems, such as wetlands and forests, can help absorb and regulate stormwater, reduce the
risk of flooding, and provide natural buffers against high winds. Conservation efforts should
focus on preserving and rehabilitating coastal ecosystems, as they offer valuable protection
against storm surges and erosion.
To effectively address the impacts of storms, a comprehensive approach that combines short-
and long-term solutions is necessary. Short-term solutions, such as early warning systems and
emergency preparedness, help minimize immediate risks and protect lives during storm
events. Long-term solutions, such as infrastructure resilience and ecosystem conservation,
enhance community resilience and reduce vulnerability to future storms.
UNIT 5: ARCHITECTURE
WHICH IS MORE IMPORTANT WHEN BUILDING OR BUYING A NEW HOME: ITS
LOCATION OR ITS SIZE?
When it comes to building or buying a new home, an important consideration is whether the
location or the size of the property holds greater importance. Emphasizing the importance of
location should take precedence over focusing on size as location significantly impacts the
quality of life, convenience, and long-term value of a property.
First of all, the location of a home strongly influences the quality of life for its residents.
Factors such as proximity to schools, workplaces, healthcare facilities, and recreational
amenities can greatly impact daily routines and overall convenience. A well-located home in a
safe and desirable neighborhood promotes a sense of security, community, and access to
essential services, enhancing the overall living experience.
Next, location plays a vital role in determining the convenience and accessibility of a home.
Easy access to transportation networks, including highways, public transportation, and
airports, can save time and reduce commuting stress. Furthermore, living in a centralized
location with nearby shopping centers, restaurants, and entertainment options enhances
convenience and provides a variety of choices for residents.
Finally, the location of a home significantly influences its long-term value and potential for
appreciation. Properties situated in desirable areas with good infrastructure, reputable schools,
and growing economies tend to experience higher demand and increased value over time.
Investing in a well-located property can provide financial security and potential returns in the
future.
When building or buying a new home, the location should be prioritized over size. While size
is important for meeting individual space requirements, a well-located home offers numerous
advantages that contribute to a fulfilling and valuable living experience. By choosing a
favorable location, individuals can enjoy the benefits of a convenient lifestyle and potentially
secure a sound investment for the future.
UNIT 6: ENERGY
EXPLAIN THE ADVANTGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THREE TYPES OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY AND DECIDE WHICH WOULD WORK BEST IN YOUR
COUNTRY.
Renewable energy is a key solution for addressing climate change and achieving a sustainable
energy future. In Vietnam, the exploration of renewable energy sources has gained momentum
as the country seeks to diversify its energy mix and reduce its reliance on fossil fuels. This
essay aims to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of three prominent types of renewable
energy: solar energy, wind energy, and hydropower, and determine the most suitable option
for Vietnam.
Solar energy holds immense potential in Vietnam due to its abundant solar irradiation levels.
One significant advantage is its scalability, as solar systems can be implemented at various
scales, from individual households to large-scale solar farms. Solar energy generation
produces no greenhouse gas emissions and has minimal impact on the environment. However,
solar energy faces challenges related to intermittency, as it relies on sunlight availability.
Energy storage systems are necessary to address this issue. Additionally, the initial investment
costs for solar panel installation can be relatively high, although they have been declining
over time.
Vietnam possesses significant wind potential, particularly in coastal and high-wind areas.
Wind energy offers a high energy output and can contribute significantly to the country's
energy needs. Job creation, economic benefits, and infrastructure development are additional
advantages associated with wind energy projects. However, wind turbines can have visual and
noise impacts, which can be a concern for local communities. Suitable locations for wind
farms must be identified, and grid integration challenges need to be addressed to ensure a
stable electricity supply.
Hydropower has played a significant role in Vietnam's energy sector. It provides a reliable and
controllable energy supply and offers additional benefits such as flood control and water
resource management. However, large-scale hydropower projects can have adverse
environmental impacts, including disturbances to river ecosystems and aquatic habitats.
Social displacement of communities due to reservoir construction is also a concern.
Furthermore, the reliance on water availability makes hydropower vulnerable to the effects of
climate change, such as reduced generation during droughts.
Considering the advantages and disadvantages of solar energy, wind energy, and hydropower,
it is evident that each option presents unique benefits and challenges. In the context of
Vietnam, where high solar irradiation levels are prevalent, solar energy emerges as a viable
and sustainable choice, especially for decentralized generation. The scalability and minimal
environmental impact of solar energy make it a promising option for the country's energy
transition.
UNIT 7: ART AND DESIGN
FASHION, COOKING, AND VIDEO GAMES HAVE ALL BEEN LIKENED TO FINE
ART. CHOOSE ONE OF THESE AND DISCUSS WHETHER IT SHOULD BE
CONSIDERED FINE ART, COMPARABLE TO PAINTING AND SCULPTURE.
The realms of fashion, cooking, and video games have all been subject to debates regarding
their classification as fine art. In this essay, we will delve into the artistic merit of fashion and
assess whether it should be considered on par with traditional forms of fine art, namely
painting and sculpture. By examining the creative processes, aesthetic expression, and cultural
significance of fashion, we can evaluate its standing as a legitimate art form.
Firstly, fashion, like painting and sculpture, involves a profound level of creative expression.
Just as artists use brushes and chisels, fashion designers utilize fabrics, textures, colors, and
silhouettes to create visually captivating garments. The interplay of these elements allows
designers to convey emotions, tell stories, and provoke thought, similar to how painters and
sculptors use their chosen mediums to evoke emotions and communicate ideas.
Secondly, fashion possesses its own unique aesthetic significance, comparable to the visual
impact of painting and sculpture. It is a medium through which individuals can express their
identity, cultural heritage, and personal style. Fashion designers, like artists, create pieces that
capture the essence of their vision and transmit it to the world. The craftsmanship, attention to
detail, and innovative techniques employed in fashion design exhibit qualities akin to the
meticulous artistry found in painting and sculpture.
Finally, just as painting and sculpture have played pivotal roles in shaping cultural
movements and reflecting societal values, fashion has also exerted a profound influence on
culture. Fashion trends and iconic designs have the power to shape and define eras, becoming
symbolic representations of specific time periods and social movements. The impact of
fashion on self-expression, identity formation, and cultural narratives positions it as a
dynamic art form capable of resonating with audiences on a deep level.
In conclusion, fashion possesses artistic qualities that render it comparable to painting and
sculpture. Its creative expression, aesthetic significance, and cultural influence contribute to
its standing as a legitimate art form worthy of recognition. Fashion, like other forms of fine
art, has the ability to provoke emotions, challenge conventions, and generate meaningful
dialogue. As society evolves, it is crucial to broaden our understanding of art to encompass
diverse mediums, including fashion, thereby fostering a more inclusive and comprehensive
appreciation of artistic expression.
UNIT 8:AGING