HMT PBL

Course: Heat Mass & Transfer
Course Instructor: Sir Syed Zaid Hasany

Program Based Learning (PBL) Activity
Group Members Roll Number
 Muhammad Usman Akbar ME-211057

 Bilal Qazi ME-211047
 Tanzeel ur Rehman ME-211009
 Sami Shamshad ME-211069
 Muhammad Hassaan Arshad ME-201043
TARGET OF OUR PBL:
Problem Statement: Design a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Following are the input physical parameters:
Fluid Ti (⁰C) To (⁰C) Mass Flow

rates (kg/s)
Shell Kerosene 200 94 5.52
Side
Tube Crude oil 77 38 18.8
Side
 Shell diameter = 1.5 m

 Tube diameter = 0.05 m
 Baffle Spacing = 0.5 m
In the design problem you are expected to:

 Calculate the heat transfer.
 Calculate Overall heat coefficient.
 Calculate the area.
 Incorporate the fouling factor of a typical Shell and Tube HX with the given
conditions.
 Find out appropriate number of tubes, length and thickness of the tubes
 Calculate the pressure drop
 Comment on the results
 Propose improvement measures.
 Prepare a small report with all the design considerations, calculations and results.
INTRODUCTION & DESIGN CONSIDERATION:

Heat exchangers are one of the most common pieces of equipment found in all plants. Their
purpose is very simple: to heat a cold stream using a hot one or cool a hot stream by using a
cold one. They are usually a much cheaper alternative to heat or cool fluids as opposed to
electric heaters or coolers because they often use fluids that are already present in the
plant. For example, to heat a cold stream, steam condensate from a boiler may be rerouted
to pass through a heat exchanger and heat up a cold fluid. As for a cooler, water from a
nearby stream could be piped in to cool off a hot fluid. A plate exchanger they are available
with several variations, such as different plate lengths, gaskets, etc. From the temperatures
at various points on the apparatus, experimental values for the overall heat transfer
coefficient can be calculated. These values can be compared to theoretical calculations
based on flow rates and the properties of the equipment. The calculated overall heat
transfer coefficients will be used to predict how the actual setup will respond under
different conditions. This experiment is an excellent illustration of many important topics
covered since it deals very closely with the determination of the overall heat transfer
coefficient in a system of heating and cooling between two fluids.
Shell and Tube heat exchangers are applied where high temperature and pressure demands
are significant and can be employed for a process requiring large quantities of fluid to be
heated or cooled. Due to their design, these exchangers offer a large heat transfer area and
provide high heat transfer efficiency in comparison with others.
Shell and tube heat exchangers consist of a series of tubes. One set of these tubes contains
the fluid that must be either heated or cooled. The second fluid runs over the tubes that are
being heated or cooled so that it can either provide the heat or absorb the heat required.
Shell and Tube heat exchangers are typically used for high pressure applications (with
pressures greater than 30 bar and temperatures greater than 260°C. This is because the
shell and tube heat exchangers are robust due to their shape.
 TUBE THICKNESS:
The thickness of the wall of the tubes is usually determined to ensure:
 There is enough room for corrosion.

 That flow-induced vibration has resistance.
 Axial Strength.
 Availability of spare parts.
 TUBE LENGTH:
Heat exchanger are usually cheaper when they have a smaller shell diameter and
have along tube length. Also, it has to be remembered that long, thin tubes are
difficult to take out of and replace.
OBJECTIVES:
 Calculate the heat transfer.
 Calculate Overall heat coefficient.
 Calculate the area.
 Incorporate the fouling factor of a typical Shell and Tube HX with the given
conditions.
 Find out appropriate number of tubes, length and thickness of the tubes.
 Calculate the pressure drop.
COMMENT:
In this PBL Activity, We can achieve all the objectives but the result obtained quite
difference with the theory. The basic theory in this course of HMT is Qh-Qe, which
the amount of heat transfer is equal to the amount of heat absorb. By carrying this
experiment, we can’t achieve that theory 100% because the theory only can used if
it is no heat is dissipated to the surrounding. But it is impossible to achieve since in
reality, there must be some heat leaves the system to the surrounding.

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Course: Heat Mass & Transfer

Course Instructor: Sir Syed Zaid Hasany

Group Members Roll Number

 Muhammad Usman Akbar ME-211057

Following are the input physical parameters:

Fluid Ti (⁰C) To (⁰C) Mass Flow

 Shell diameter = 1.5 m

In the design problem you are expected to:

INTRODUCTION & DESIGN CONSIDERATION:

 There is enough room for corrosion.

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