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Software Engineering
Overview
Software is more than just a program code. A program is an executable
code, which serves some computational purpose. Software is
considered to be collection of executable programming code,
associated libraries and documentations. Software, when made for a
specific requirement is called software product.
Engineering on the other hand, is all about developing products, using

well-defined, scientific principles and methods.
Overview
• Software engineering is an engineering branch associated with
development of software product using well-defined scientific
principles, methods and procedures. The outcome of software
engineering is an efficient and reliable software product.
Definitions
IEEE defines software engineering as:
(1) The application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development,

operation and maintenance of software; that is, the application of engineering to software.
(2) The study of approaches as in the above statement.
Fritz Bauer, a German computer scientist, defines software engineering as:
Software engineering is the establishment and use of sound engineering principles in order to
obtain economically software that is reliable and work efficiently on real machines.
Software Evolution
The process of developing a software product using

software engineering principles and methods is referred
to as software evolution.
Even after the user has desired software in hand,

the advancing technology and the changing
requirements force the software product to
change accordingly.
The only feasible and economical solution is to
update the existing software so that it matches
the latest requirements.
Software Paradigms
Software paradigms refer to the methods and steps,

which are taken while designing the software.
Software Paradigms
Software Development Paradigm
This Paradigm is known as software engineering paradigms where all the engineering concepts pertaining to the
development of software are applied.
• Requirement gathering
• Software design
• Programming
Software Design Paradigm
This paradigm is a part of Software Development and includes –
• Design
• Maintenance
• Programming
Programming Paradigm
This paradigm is related closely to programming aspect of software development. This includes –
• Coding
• Testing
• Integration
Reduction of Complexity.
Software engineering principles use two important techniques to reduce problem complexity:
Abstraction and Decomposition.
Need of Software Engineering
Need of Software Engineering
The need of software engineering arises because of higher rate of change in user requirements and
environment on which the software is working.
• Large software - It is easier to build a wall than to a house or building, likewise, as the size of
software become large engineering has to step to give it a scientific process.
• Scalability- If the software process were not based on scientific and engineering concepts, it
would be easier to re-create new software than to scale an existing one.
• Cost- As hardware industry has shown its skills and huge manufacturing has lower down he
price of computer and electronic hardware. But the cost of software remains high if proper
process is not adapted.
• Dynamic Nature- The always growing and adapting nature of software hugely depends upon
the environment in which user works. If the nature of software is always changing, new
enhancements need to be done in the existing one. This is where software engineering plays
a good role.
• Quality Management- Better process of software development provides better and quality
software product.
Characteristics of good software
A software product can be judged by what it offers and how well it can be
used. This software must satisfy on the following grounds:
• Operational
• Transitional
• Maintenance
Operational
This tells us how well software works in operations. It can be measured on:
• Budget
• Usability
• Efficiency
• Correctness
• Functionality
• Dependability
• Security
• Safety
Transitional
This aspect is important when the software is moved from one platform to
another:
• Portability
• Interoperability
• Reusability
• Adaptability
Maintenance
This aspect briefs about how well a software has the capabilities to maintain
itself in the ever-changing environment:
• Modularity
• Maintainability
• Flexibility
• Scalability
Software Development Life Cycle
Software Development Life Cycle
A software life cycle is the series of identifiable stages

that a software product undergoes during its life time.
Each of these stages is called life cycle phases.
A software life cycle model is a descriptive and

diagrammatic representation of software life cycle.
A life cycle model represents all the activities required
to make a software product through its life cycle
phases.

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Software Engineering

Engineering on the other hand, is all about developing products, using

IEEE defines software engineering as:

(1) The application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development,

(2) The study of approaches as in the above statement.

Fritz Bauer, a German computer scientist, defines software engineering as:

The process of developing a software product using

Even after the user has desired software in hand,

Software paradigms refer to the methods and steps,

A software life cycle is the series of identifiable stages

A software life cycle model is a descriptive and

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