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    Auxiliary Verbs

    Uploaded by

    Sahar Ahmadi

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Auxiliary Verbs

    Uploaded by

    Sahar Ahmadi
    3 views2 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    3 views2 pages

    Auxiliary Verbs

    Uploaded by

    Sahar Ahmadi

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Auxiliary verbs

    Delexical verbs
    Helping verbs
    Empty verbs
    Incomplete verbs
    Defective verbs
    They are used to show tense, mood, aspect and to change a sentence into its negative and
    interrogative forms.
    Kinds of auxiliary verbs:
    1. PRINCIPLE AUXILIARY VERBS
    They can function either as a main verb or as an auxiliary verb.
    Kinds of principle auxiliary verbs:
    1. To be verbs
    2. To do verbs
    3. To have verbs
    To Be Verbs
    Margaret is a brilliant student. (lexical verb)
    Margaret is applying to Yale. (auxiliary verb)
    To Have Verbs
    Jack has a good job. (lexical verb)
    Jack has just returned from a business trip. (auxiliary verb)
    To Do Verbs
    George does the crossword puzzle in the Sunday paper. (lexical verb)
    George doesn't go out much anymore. (auxiliary verb)
    2. MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS
    A modal is a type of auxiliary (helping) verb that is used to express: ability, possibility,
    permission, deduction, speculation, suggestion, probability, advice, willingness,
    prohibition and obligation.
    Note: they are nine:
    (Will/Would/Should/Shall/Can/Could/May/Might/Must)
    (+) Subj. + modal auxiliary verb + base verb
    (-) Subj. + modal auxiliary verb + not + base verb
    (?) Modal auxiliary verb + Subj. + base verb
    CHARACTERISTICS OF MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS:
    1. They cannot be used alone.
    2. They don't have full infinitive or gerund forms.
    3. They cannot accept rules of main verbs.
    3. SEMI MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS OR QUASI MODAL AUXILIARY
    VERBS
    They have the quality of main verb and a modal verb.
    (Need/Dare/Used to/ought to)
    3. She daren't phone her mother
    4. She dare not phone her mother
    5. Dare she phone her mother?
    6. She wouldn't dare to phone her mother
    7. I wonder if she dares to phone her mother
    8. She doesn't dare (to) phone her mother
    9. She didn't dare (to) phone her mother
    10. Does she dare (to) phone her mother?
    4. MODAL IDIOMS
    They have idiomatic meanings.
    Had better (Strong sense of advice)
    Would rather (General Preference)
    Be to (Stating Future Plans)
    Have got to (Specific Obligation)
     You had better come on time.
     I would rather die than go out now.
     I am to leave the country.
     They have got to teach you today.
    Note: had better and would rather are followed by bare infinitive.
    5. SEMI-AUXILIARIES
    They are expressions formed with the help of principle auxiliary verbs used as synonyms
    for modal auxiliary verbs and semi modal auxiliary verbs.
    1. Be able to (Ability)
    2. Be going to (Planned Actions)
    3. Be willing to (Willingness)
    4. Be apt to (Natural Tendency)
    5. Be meant to (Responsibility)
    6. Be bound to (Obligation/Deduction)
    7. Be obliged to (Obligation)
    8. Be supposed to (Intention)
    9. Be about to (Close-happening Actions)
    10. Be likely to (Possibility)
    11. Be due to (Scheduled Actions)
    12. Have to

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