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    249_265_formula_sheet

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    of 1

    MATH 249 & 265 Exam Formula Sheet Fall 2024

    Trigonometric Identities
    Trigonometric functions
    Pythagorean Identities
    cos2 (x) + sin2 (x) = 1 1 + tan2 (x) = sec2 (x) d d
    sin(x) = cos(x) cos(x) = − sin(x)
    dx dx
    Reciprocal Identities
    1 1 d d
    csc(x) = sec(x) = tan(x) = sec2 (x) sec(x) = sec(x) tan(x)
    sin(x) cos(x) dx dx
    Even/Odd Formulas Inverse functions
    sin(−θ) = − sin(θ) cos(−θ) = cos(θ) d −1 1 d 1
    f (x) = 0 −1 arcsin(x) = √
    dx f (f (x)) dx 1 − x2
    Common Trigonometric Ratios
    d −1 d 1
    arccos(x) = √ arctan(x) =
    dx 1 − x2 dx 1 + x2
    π π π π
    θ 0 π Area and Volume Formulæ
    6 4 3 2
    √ √
    1 2 3 Area of a circle of radius r is πr2 .
    sin(θ) 0 1 0
    2 2 2
    √ √ Circumference of a circle of radius r is 2πr.
    3 2 1 4
    cos(θ) 1 0 −1 Volume of a sphere of radius r is πr3 .
    2 2 2 3
    1 √ Surface area of a sphere of radius r is 4πr2 .
    tan(θ) 0 √ 1 3 Undefined 0 π 2
    3 Volume of a circular cone of height h and base radius r is: r h.
    3
    Common Derivatives Taylor Polynomials
    Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
    f 00 (a) f (n) (a)
    d x d 1 Tn (x) = f (a) + f 0 (a)(x − a) + (x − a)2 + . . . + (x − a)n
    (a ) = (ln a)ax (loga x) = 2! n!
    dx dx (ln a)x
    The Definite Integral
    d x d 1
    (e ) = ex (ln x) = b n
    dx dx x b−a
    Z X
    f (x) dx = lim f (a + i∆x)∆x where ∆x =
    a n→∞
    i=1
    n

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