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    AGE 411 PAUL OLU

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    delskilld

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    AGE 411 PAUL OLU

    Uploaded by

    delskilld
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    0 views10 pages

    AGE 411 PAUL OLU

    Uploaded by

    delskilld

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    AGE 411

    NOSAKHARE PAUL OLUSEGUN

    ENG2001991

    CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT
    QUESTION ONE

    (a) Irrigation scheduling:

    - Irrigation scheduling refers to the planning


    and management of irrigation water
    applications to meet crop water
    requirements.
    - Purpose:
    - Optimize crop yields and quality
    - Minimize water losses and waste
    - Reduce energy and labor costs
    - Protect the environment
    - Objectives:
    - Ensure adequate water supply for crops
    - Maintain optimal soil moisture levels
    - Prevent waterlogging and salinization
    - Support sustainable agricultural
    development

    (b) Water application efficiency:


    - Total water applied = 10 cumecs x 4 hours
    = 40,000 cubic meters
    - Area irrigated = 32 hectares = 320,000
    square meters
    - Depth of water stored = 0.3 meters
    - Total water stored = Area x Depth =
    320,000 sqm x 0.3 m = 96,000 cubic meters
    - Water application efficiency (%) = (Total
    water stored / Total water applied) x 100
    = (96,000 / 40,000) x 100
    = 240%

    (c)I.Water conveyance efficiency is the ratio


    of the stream size at the field channels to
    the stream size at the diversion headwork.
    Ec = 120/150= 0.8 or 80%

    II.Water distribution = Average


    depth/Depth of water

    Average depth= (1.80+1.20)/2=1.50

    Depth of water = 1.80

    Ef = 1.50/1.80 = 0.833 or 83.3%

    III.
    Water application efficiency (Ea) = (Total
    water stored / Total water applied) x 100
    = (441,360 / 1,440,000) x 100
    = 30.69%

    (a) Infiltration is the process by which water


    enters the soil. Six factors that determine
    infiltration in different soils are:

    1. Soil texture
    2. Soil structure
    3. Organic matter content
    4. Vegetation cover
    5. Slope and topography
    6. Initial soil moisture content

    (b) (i) The extraction pattern of soil


    moisture within the root zone of a plant is
    as follows:

    - Water is absorbed by roots from the


    surrounding soil
    - Water moves upward through the plant
    stem and is transpired through leaves
    - Soil moisture is depleted in the root zone,
    creating a moisture gradient
    - Water is pulled from surrounding soil into
    the root zone to replace depleted moisture
    (ii) Four drainage facilities that can be found
    on a farm are:

    1. Surface drains (ditches, canals)


    2. Subsurface drains (tiles, pipes)
    3. Culverts
    4. Waterways

    (c) The procedures in the gravimetric


    method of measuring soil moisture are:

    1. Collect soil samples from the desired


    depth and location
    2. Weigh the sample using a balance
    3. Dry the sample in an oven at 105°C for 24
    hours
    4. Weigh the dried sample
    5. Calculate soil moisture content as a
    percentage of the original weight

    (d) Short notes:

    (i) Gravity-fed Irrigation systems: use gravity


    to distribute water through canals, ditches,
    and pipes, with no pumps or pressure
    required.
    (ii) Pressurized irrigation: uses pumps and
    pressure to distribute water through pipes,
    sprinklers, and drippers, allowing for more
    precise control and coverage.

    (iii) Crop period: the duration of time a crop


    requires adequate soil moisture to grow
    and mature.

    Base period: the duration of time a crop


    requires adequate soil moisture to grow
    and mature, assuming optimal weather
    conditions.

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