s6 - Numbers and Calculation1

NUMBERS AND CALCULATIONS`
This seminar focuses on how numbers and calculations are expressed in English.
The first twelve numbers, as you most surely know, are: one, two, three, four, five,
six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven and twelve. Numbers between 13 and 19 are formed with
the suffix TEEN (thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen), while the
numbers from 20-90 are formed with the TY ending.
Numbers are read by saying the individual numbers between one and twenty. After
that, use the tens (twenty, thirty, etc.) followed by the numbers one through nine:
 7 - seven
 19 - nineteen
 32 - thirty-two
 89 - eighty-nine
When expressing large numbers (more than one hundred), read in groups of hundreds. The
order is as follows: billion, million, thousand, hundred. Notice that the words “hundred” and
“thousand”, etc. are NOT followed by an "s:"
 200 is two hundred NOT two hundreds
Say numbers in the hundreds by beginning with numerals one through nine followed by
"hundred". Finish by saying the last two digits:
 350 – three hundred fifty
 425 – four hundred twenty-five
 873 - eight hundred seventy-three
 112 - one hundred twelve
NOTE: British English takes "and" following "hundred." American English omits "and."
When expressing thousands in English, thousands are separated by a comma.

Say a number up to 999 followed by "thousand." Finish by reading the hundreds when
applicable:
 15,560 – fifteen thousand five hundred sixty
 786,450 – seven hundred six thousand four hundred fifty
 342,713 - three hundred forty-two thousand seven hundred thirteen
 569,045 - five hundred sixty-nine thousand forty-five
How to Say Numbers in the Millions

For millions, say a number up to 999 followed by "million." Finish by saying first the
thousands and then the hundreds when applicable:
 2,450,000 – two million four hundred fifty thousand
 27,805,234 - twenty-seven million eight hundred five thousands two hundred thirty-
four
 934,700,000 – nine hundred thirty-four million seven hundred thousand
 589,432,420 - five hundred eighty-nine million four hundred thirty-two thousand four
hundred twenty
Again, see here that both the thousands and the hundreds are separated by a comma.
For even larger numbers, first use billions and then trillions in a similar manner to millions:
 23,870,550,000 - twenty-three billion eight hundred seventy million five hundred fifty
thousand
 12,600,450,345,000 - twelve trillion six hundred billion four hundred fifty million
three hundred forty-five thousand
Large numbers are often rounded to the next biggest or next smallest number to make things
easier. For example, 345,987,650 is rounded to 350,000,000.
How to Say Numbers With Decimals
(Render decimals as the number followed by "point." Next, say each number beyond the
point individually):
 2.36 - two point three six
 14.82 - fourteen point eight two
 9.7841 -nine point seven eight four one
 3.14159 - three point one four one five nine (that's Pi!)
How to Say Percentages

Say percentages as the number followed by "percent:"
 37% - thirty-seven percent
 12% - twelve percent
 87% - eighty-seven percent
 3% - three percent
How to Talk About Fractions

Say the top number as a cardinal number, followed by the ordinal number + "s:"
Don’t forget that ordinal numbers are used when speaking about fractions, the day of the
month, or a position in a group. Most numbers end in 'th', except "first", "second", and "third"
of every ten numbers: first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, …. Seventeenth,
nineteenth, twentieth, twenty-first, twenty-second, …… thirty-fourth etc.
 3/8 - three-eighths
 5/16 - five-sixteenths
 7/8 - seven-eighths
 1/32 - one thirty-second

Exceptions to this rule are:
 1/4, 3/4 - one-quarter, three quarters
 1/3, 2/3 - one third, two-thirds
 1/2 - one-half
Cand avem numere intregi, urmate de fractii, le vom citi in felul urmator:
 4 7/8 - four and seven-eighths

 23 1/2 - twenty-three and one-half
Therefore, read numbers together with fractions by first stating the number followed by
"and" and then the fraction:
Expressing numbers below 0:

When you have to say a number below zero, for example, -1.052, you will
say minus 1 point zero five two. You need to remember that in English when you say the
number that comes after the decimal point '.
Important Numerical Expressions

Here is how to say a number of important numerical expressions in English.
 Speed: 100 mph (miles per hour). Read speed as numbers: One hundred miles per
hour
 Weight: 42 lb. (pounds). Read weight as numbers: forty-two pounds (Of course,
weight can also be expressed in kilograms, grams, etc.)
 Telephone numbers: 212-555-1212. Read telephone numbers in individual
numbers: two one two five five five one two one two
 Dates: 12/04/65. Read dates month, day, year in American English. In British English
the order of expressing the date is: day, month, year. For this reason, in official letters,
it is advisable to write the month as a word, not as a number, in order to avoid
confusion.
 Temperature: 72° F (Fahrenheit). Read temperature as "degrees +number": seventy-
two degrees Fahrenheit. Desigur, temperature se exprima si in grade Celsius.
 Height - 6'2''. Read height in feet and then inches: six feet two inches. Aceeasi regula
se aplica si in cazul folosirii metrului ca unitate de masura pentru exprimarea
inaltimii.
 Score - 2-1. Read scores as "number + to + number": Two to one
 " Zero " is the usual name for the number 0 in English. In British English "nought" is
also used. In American English "naught" is used occasionally for zero, but (as with
British English) "naught" is more often used as an archaic word for nothing.
In telephone numbers, room numbers, bus numbers and dates (years), zero is read as oh.
Here are some examples:
 The meeting is in Room 502 (five oh two)
 You need to take Bus 205 (two oh five)
 She was born in 1907 (nineteen oh seven)
"Nil", and "love" are used by different sports for scores of zero.
 For football scores we say nil: ‘The score was three nil (3-0) to Barcelon
 American English uses various words for sports scores: The Yankees are winning
three nothing/ three zero/ three zip.
For tennis scores we say love: ‘The score was thirty love. (30-0)
When referring to money, especially to the currency used in the USA:

When you see a price such as $60, read the number first then the currency: Sixty dollars.
If the amount includes cents, express the dollar amount first, followed by the cents:
 $43.35 - forty-three dollars and thirty-five cents
 $120.50 - one hundred twenty dollars and fifty cents
Native speakers often just say the dollar number and then the cents number and drop
"dollars" and "cents"
 $35.80 - thirty-five eighty
 $175.50 - one hundred seventy-five fifty
Ordinal Numbers
Ordinal numbers are used when speaking about the day of the month, or a position in a group.
Most numbers end in 'th', except "first", "second", and "third" of every ten numbers:
1st First
2nd Second
3rd Third
5th Fifth
8th Eighth
17th Seventeenth
21st twenty-first
46th forty-sixth
100th one-hundredth
1000th one thousandth
Examples:
 His birthday is May fifth.
 She is third in line, behind the guy in the cap.
 I greeted her first, as she had been waiting the longest.
Words used when making additions, subtractions, multiplications and divisions:
 Plus, minus, subtract, multiply, divide, less, square root, sum
 Other words used for expressing addition: plus, sum, more than, increased by.
 Words used for expressing subtraction: subtracted, minus, difference, less than,
decreased by
Words used for expressing multiplication: times, product. For example, the word "product"
tells us to use multiplication. So,6 is the product of 2 and 3. 28 is the product of 4 and 7.
Words used for expressing division: divided, quotient. For instance, when dividing twenty by
three, the quotient is six and two thirds. In 12 ÷ 3 = 4, 4 is the quotient.
Exercises
Write the following numbers in words:
1.793; 1/100; 1/1000; 0; 2.491; 0.25=1/4;
Express in words the following calculations:
- 14+8=22
- 100x20=2,000
- 7x11 = 77
- 400:8=50
- 95+2 = 97
- 48-12=36
Fill in the blanks in the expressions below with appropriate ordinal/cardinal numbers:
1. He's very happy. He's in ......... heaven.

2. 3. There's not much difference between them. It's ...... of one and half a dozen of the
other.
3. She can't afford a new car so he's bought a ........ hand one.
4. 8. He always buys the most expensive plane ticket. He always travels ..... class.
5. You have all worked very hard, so have a break. Take .... .
6. He's very poor. He hasn't got first ......... pennies to rub together.

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NUMBERS AND CALCULATIONS`

When expressing thousands in English, thousands are separated by a comma.

How to Say Numbers in the Millions

How to Say Percentages

How to Talk About Fractions

 4 7/8 - four and seven-eighths

Expressing numbers below 0:

Important Numerical Expressions

When referring to money, especially to the currency used in the USA:

1. He's very happy. He's in ......... heaven.

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