Procedures Paper Making
Procedures Paper Making
Procedures Paper Making
tiny pieces. The torn newspaper pieces were submerged in water for at least 24 hours to soften
the fibers in time for the next lab session. The pulp was then heated during the subsequent lab
session to separate the fibers further and attain the required wet paste consistency. To reach the
highest level of fiber separation, 10 milliliters of sodium hydroxide solution was added. Before
proceeding to the next step, the pulp was allowed to cool until it was safe to handle.
To get rid of the pigments of the newspaper, it was repeatedly washed under running water
using stockings and bleach to make the pulp white. After that, the fiber was placed aside. In the
meantime, 500 milliliters of tap water and 60 grams of starch were combined to create a starch
solution. The solution was then heated to cause gelatinization, which produced a binding and
thickening agent. After that, the pulp was continuously stirred into the heated mixture. The
starch-pulp mix was added to a large basin filled with an arbitrary amount of water. Before
The paper-making process was then started by submerging a screen mesh into the pulp-starch
water. The screen was then taken out of the water with the wet-formed paper. The initially made
wet paper was then returned to the pulp-starch water to screen it further and to ensure the
evenness of the pulp along the screen. The screen containing the pulp was then placed facing
the cloth so that the sponge could easily absorb all the excess water for a more effortless transfer
of the wet paper to the fabric. The semi-wet pulp that had been screened was smoothly moved
to the cloth after a significant amount of water had been removed and allowed to dry. The
paper-making process was mainly similar to the alternative material, banana peel, but it differed
in raw material preparation. Two hundred grams of banana peel was cleaned, washed, and then
soaked in water using the 1-liter beaker for approximately 48 hrs. After soaking, it was drained
again to remove the banana peel soak water. Then, the banana peel was again soaked in water
using the beaker and heated. After heating, 10 mL of sodium hydroxide was added and
The sodium hydroxide solution was drained, and the separated banana fibers were rinsed to
remove the residual solution. The banana fibers were placed in a clean beaker, stirred
continuously for 1 hour with a gradual addition of sodium hypochlorite or bleach, then drained
and rinsed with water. Once the pulp was white enough, the process continued, beginning with
After that, the mixture was put in a basin and mixed with an arbitrary volume of water. Before
screening, the liquid was stirred by hand to ensure no lumps were evident. Submerging a screen
mesh into the pulp-starch water was the first stage, and the subsequent procedures were
essentially the same as in the paper pulp screening. The screen was then taken out of the water
with the wet-formed paper. To thoroughly screen the paper and guarantee that the pulp was
uniform across the screen, the first created wet paper was subsequently put back into the pulp-
starch water. The pulp-containing screen was then positioned in front of the cloth, allowing the
sponge to readily absorb all the extra water and facilitate the transfer of the wet paper to the
fabric. After removing a considerable amount of water and letting it dry, the semi-wet pulp that
had been screened was transported smoothly to the fabric, and then it was dried for 24 hours.