Lecture 7 Computer Graphics.pptx

Introduction to
Computer Graphics
Lecture 7
What are Computer Graphics?
Computer Graphics are concerned with all aspects of
producing pictures or images using a computer.
Computer graphics is an art of drawing pictures on

computer screens with the help of programming. It
involves computations, creation, and manipulation of data.
In other words, we can say that computer graphics is a
rendering tool for the generation and manipulation of
images
Simply, computer generated images.

Areas of Computer Graphics?
Imaging = representing 2D images
Modeling = representing 3D objects
Rendering = constructing 2D images from 3D models
Animation = simulating changes over time
Imaging
In graphical imaging, the emphasis is on the

manipulation of created images in order to achieve
special effects through rotating, stretching, blurring,
resizing, twirling, and other changes to the original
image. Below are the different image processing
techniques
Warping
Metamorphosis
Warping
Image warping is the process of digitally manipulating an
image such that any shapes portrayed in the image have been
significantly distorted. Warping may be used for
correcting image distortion as well as for creative purposes
(e.g., morphing)The same techniques are equally applicable to
video.
Move pixels of image

• Mapping
• Resampling
Metamorphosis (Morphing)
Morphing is a special effect in motion pictures and
animations that changes (or morphs) one image or
shape into another through a seamless transition
Morphing is widely used in movies, animation games etc.
In addition to the usage of entertainment industry,
morphing can be used in computer based trainings,
electronic book illustrations, presentations, education
purposes etc. morphing software is widely available in
internet.
Image Warp 0
0
Image Warp 1
1
Resul
t
Modeling
Modeling is simply the process of creating 3D objects.
Many different process to create model
Many different representation of model data
The process of constructing and manipulating

computer-based mathematical, graphical or algorithmic
representations of real life systems or phenomena.
It is a mathematical representation of any

three-dimensional object.
Modeling
Shape Description & Design
Modeling
Rendering
Rendering or image synthesis is the process of generating
a photorealistic or non-photorealistic image from a 2D or
3D model by means of a computer program. The resulting
image is referred to as the render.
Rendering is mostly used in architectural designs, video

games, and animated movies, simulators, TV special effects
and design visualization. The techniques and features used
vary according to the project. Rendering helps increase
efficiency and reduce cost in design.
Image source: wikipedia
Rendering
Rendering
Simulating Behavior of Lights & Image Formation

Non-Photorealistic Rendering
Tone Shading
Tonal shading refers to the lightness or. darkness of an

object. It is done by setting down various strengths of
shading to demonstrate where an object is affected by the
light and shadows. Try this with an apple and a light. Move the
light around to see the tones change and move.
Modelling Rendering Animation
Areas of Computer Graphics
There are many other areas that involve computer
graphics, and whether they are core graphics areas is a
matter of opinion
User interaction deals with the interface between input

devices such as mice and tablets, the application, feedback
to the user in imagery, and other sensory feedback.
Historically, this area is associated with graphics largely
because graphics researchers had some of the earliest
access to the input/output devices that are now
ubiquitous
Virtual reality attempts to immerse the user into a 3D
virtual world. This typically requires at least stereo
graphics and response to head motion. For true virtual
reality, sound and force feedback should be provided as
well. Because this area requires advanced 3D graphics and
advanced display technology, it is often closely associated
with graphics.
Augmented reality Experience that supplements the
view of a live, physical environment with digital assets.
Visualization attempts to give users insight into
complex information via visual display. Often there are
graphic issues to be addressed in a visualization problem.
Image processing deals with the manipulation of 2D

images and is used in both the fields of graphics and
vision.
3D scanning uses range-finding technology to create
measured 3D models. Such models are useful for creating
rich visual imagery, and the processing of such models
often requires graphics algorithms.
Computer Graphics Goals
Make pretty pictures
Convey information
Sell something
Provide understanding
Tell a story
Applications
Entertainment
Applications
Education
Applications
Displaying Mathematical Functions
E.g., Mathematica®
Applications
Simulation
Flight Simulation
Applications
Volume Visualization
Areas of different colors immediately inform a physician
about the health of each part of the brain.
Applications
Computer Aided Design
Computer-aided Design
E.g., drills, or houses. The computer version is easy to
alter if necessary.
Analysis and simulation can be used also. The shape of the drill
might look nice, but the casing might be too weak or too
heavy, or might be uncomfortable to grip.
Algorithms can be applied to the model of the drill to analyze
its weight and heft, and to test whether the inner workings of
the drill will fit properly inside the casing.
Important term in computer graphics
Pixels
Resolution
PPI
Aspect Ratio
Frame Buffer
Pixels and the Frame Buffer
1-bit 4 bit 8 bit 16 bit 24-bit photos
Determining Color depth
Kinds of Computer Graphics
There are two types of computer graphics
Raster (Composed of Pixels)

Vector (Composed of Paths)
Raster Images
A raster image is made up of many small cells (pixels, for
“picture elements”), in different shades of gray. (Right:
magnified image showing pixels.)
Vector images
Constructed using mathematical formulas
rather than individual colored blocks,
vector file types such as EPS, AI and PDF*
are excellent for creating graphics
that frequently require resizing.
Your company logo and brand graphics
should be created as a vector
Graphical Processing Unit (GPU)
A Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) is a specialized

electronic circuit designed to accelerate the creation of
images and visual content. While originally created to
handle graphics rendering for video games and computer
displays, GPUs are now also widely used for parallel
computing tasks in various fields, including artificial
intelligence, data processing, and scientific simulations.
Major GPU Manufacturers
NVIDIA: Known for its GeForce series (gaming) and
CUDA-enabled GPUs for AI and parallel computing.
Introduced ray tracing and DLSS (Deep Learning Super
Sampling)technologies.
AMD: Produces Radeon GPUs for gaming and
professional workloads. Also integrates GPUs into their
Ryzen CPUs (APUs).
Intel: Known for integrated GPUs and its newer Intel Arc
discrete GPU series.

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Introduction to

Computer graphics is an art of drawing pictures on

Simply, computer generated images.

In graphical imaging, the emphasis is on the

Move pixels of image

The process of constructing and manipulating

It is a mathematical representation of any

Rendering is mostly used in architectural designs, video

Simulating Behavior of Lights & Image Formation

Tonal shading refers to the lightness or. darkness of an

User interaction deals with the interface between input

Image processing deals with the manipulation of 2D

Raster (Composed of Pixels)

A Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) is a specialized

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