CHEMISTRY REVISION QUESTIONS

CLASS-12: VOLUME 2
Q.N QUESTION
O
1 a) Write the structures of main products when benzene diazonium chloride reacts with the following reagents :
(i) H3PO2 + H2O (ii) CuCN/KCN (iii) H2O
(b) Arrange the following in the increasing order of their basic character in an aqueous solution
C2H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH, (C3H5)3N
(c) Give a simple chemical test to distinguish between the following pair of compounds :
C6H5—NH2 and C6H5—NH—CH3
2 An aromatic compound ‘A’ of molecular formula C7H6O3 undergoes a series of reactions as shown below. Write the structures of A, B, C, D and
E in the following reactions : (All India 2015)

3 a) Write the structures of main products when aniline reacts with the following reagents :
(i) Br2 water (ii) HCI (iii) (CH3CO)2O/pyridine
(b) Arrange the following in the increasing order of their boiling point :
C2H5NH2, C2H5OH, (CH3)3N
(c) Give a simple chemical test to distinguish between the following pair of compounds : (CH 3)2NH and (CH3)3N
4 An aromatic compound JA’ of molecular formula C 7H27ON undergoes a series of reactions as shown below. Write the structures of A, B, C, D
and E in the following reactions :

5 Identify A, B and C in the following reactions :

6 Identify A, B and C in the following reactions :

7 Illustrate Sandmeyer’s reaction with the help of a suitable example

8 Write the structures of compounds A, B and C in each of the following reactions:

9 Give reasons for the following:

(a) Acetylation of aniline reduces its activation effect.
(b) CH3NH2 is more basic than C6H5NH2.
(c) Although —NH2 is o/p directing group, yet aniline on nitration gives a significant amount of m-nitroaniline.
10 Write the products A and B in the following :

11 Describe a method for the identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Also write chemical equations of the reaction involved.
12 Write major product(s) in the following reactions :

13 Give reasons for the following:

(i) Aniline does not undergo Friedal-Crafts reaction.
(ii) (CH3)2 NH is more basic than (CH3)3 N in an aqueous solution.
(iii) Primary amines have higher boiling point than tertiary amines.
14 Write the structures A, B and C in the following :

15 An aromatic compound ‘A’ on treatment with aqueous ammonia and heating forms compound ‘B’ which on heating with Br2 and KOH forms a
compound ‘C’ of molecular formula C6H7N. Write the structures and IUPAC names of compounds A, B and C
16 Account for the following:
(i) Aniline does not give Friedel-Crafts reaction.
(ii) Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not.
(iii) pKb of methylamine is less than that of aniline
17 Account for the following :
(i) Primary amines (R-NH2) have higher boiling point than tertiary amines (R3N).
(ii) Aniline does not undergo Friedel – Crafts reaction.
(iii) (CH3)2NH is more basic than (CH3)3N in an aqueous solution
18 How will you convert the following :
(i) Nitrobenzene into aniline
(ii) Ethanoic acid into methanamine
(iii) Aniline into N-phenylethanamide
(Write the chemical equations involved)
19 Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reactions :

20 Write the main products of following reactions:

21 Complete the following reactions :

22 Give the structure of A, B and C in the following reactions :

23 Give the structure of A, B and C in the following reactions:

24 Write chemical equations for the following conversions :

(i) Nitrobenzene to benzoic acid.
 (ii) Benzyl chloride to 2-phenylethanamine
(iii) Aniline to benzyl alcohol
25 State reasons for the following :
(i) pKb value for aniline is more than that for methylamine.
(ii) Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not soluble in water.
(iii) Primary amines have higher boiling points than tertiary amines.
26 Complete the following chemical equations:

27 a) Explain why an alkylamine is more basic than ammonia?

(b) How would you convert
(i) Aniline to nitrobenzene (ii) Aniline to iodobenzene
28 Complete the following chemical equations :

29 In the following cases rearrange the compounds as directed :

(i) In an increasing order of basic strength :
C6H5NH2, C6H5 N(CH3)2, (C2H5)2NH and CH3NH2
(ii) In a decreasing order of basic strength :
Aniline, p-nitroaniline and p-toluidine
(iii) In an increasing order of pKb values :
C2H5NH2, C6H5 NHCH3, (C2H5)2NH and C6H5NH2
30 Complete the following reaction equations :
(i) C6H5Cl + CH3COCl →
(ii) C2H5NH2 + C6H5SO2Cl →
(iii) C2H5NH2 + HNO2 →
31 Giving an example for each describe the following reactions :
(i) Hofmann’s bromamide reaction
(ii) Gatterman reaction
(iii) A coupling reaction
32 i) o-nitrophenol has lower b.p. than p-nitro-phenol. Explain.
(ii) Write IUPAC name of the following :

33 a) Account for the following :

(i) Electrophilic substitution reactions in haloarenes occur slowly.
(ii) Haloalkanes, though polar, are insoluble in water.
(b) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of reactivity towards S N2 displacement:
2-Bromo-2-Methylbutane, 1-Bromopentane, 2-Bromopentane
34 a) Write the structural formula of A, B, C and D in the following sequence of reaction:

(b) Illustrate Sandmeyer’s reaction with the help of a suitable example

35 The following compounds are given to you:
2-Bromopentane, 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromopentane
(i) Write the compound which is most reactive towards SN2 reaction.
(ii) Write the compound which is optically active.
(iii) Write the compound which is most reactive towards P-elimination reaction.
36 Write structures of compounds A, B and C in each of the following reactions:

37 Following compounds are given to you:

2-Bromopentane, 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromopentane
(i) Write the compound which is most reactive towards SN2 reaction.
(ii) Write the compound which is optically active.
(iii) Write the compound which is most reactive towards β – elimination reaction.
38 What happens when
(i) CH3—Cl is treated with aqueous KOH?
(ii) CH3—Cl is treated with KCN?
(iii) CH3—Br is treated with Mg in the presence of dry ether?
39 In the following pairs of the halogen compounds which compound undergoes faster S N1 reaction.)

40 Write the major product(s) in the following:

41 How do you convert:

(i) Chlorobenzene to biphenyl
(ii) Propene to 1-iodopropane
(iii) 2-bromobutane to but-2-ene
42 Give reasons:
(i) C—Cl bond length in chlorobenzene is shorter than C—Cl bond length in CH3—Cl.
(ii) The dipole moment of chlorobenzene is lower than that of cyclohexyl chloride.
(iii) SN1 reactions are accompanied by racemization in optically active alkyl halides.
43 Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds :

44 Name the following according to IUPAC system :

45 What happens when

(i) Chlorobenzene is treated with Cl2/FeCl3,
(ii) Ethyl chloride is treated with AgNO2,
(iii) 2-bromopentane is treated with alcoholic KOH?
Write the chemical equations in support of your answer.
46 How can the following conversions be carried out :
(i) Aniline to bromobenzene
(ii) Chlorobenzene to 2-chloroacetophenone
(iii) Chloroethane to butane
47 Give reasons :
(a) n-Butyl bromide has higher boiling point than f-butyl bromide.
(b) Racemic mixture is optically inactive.
(c) The presence of nitro group (-NO2) at o/p positions increases the reactivity of haloarenes towards nucleophilic substitution reactions.
48 a) Which compound in each of the following pairs will react faster in SN2 reaction with -OH group?
(i) CH3Br or CH3I
(ii) (CH3)3CCl or CH3Cl
(b) Write the product of the following reactions:

49 a) Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions :

(b) Which halogen compound in each of the following pairs will react faster in S N2 reaction :
 (i) CH3Br or CH3I
(ii) (CH3)3 C – Cl or CH3 – Cl
50 Give reasons for the following :
(i) Ethyl iodide undergoes SN2 reaction faster than ethyl bromide.
(ii) (±) 2-Butanol is optically inactive.
(iii) C—X bond length in halobenzene is smaller than C—X bond length in CH3—X.
51 Account for the following :
(a) The dipole moment of chlorobenzene is lower than that of cyclohexyl chloride.
(b) Alkyl halides, though polar, are immiscible with water.
(c) Grignard’s reagents should be prepared under anhydrous conditions
52 Answer the following questions :
(i) What is meant by chirality of a compound? Give an example.
(ii) Which one of the following compounds is more easily hydrolyzed by KOH and why?
CH3CHClCH2CH3 or CH3CH2CH2Cl
(iii) Which one undergoes SN2 substitution reaction faster and why?

53 Although chlorine is an electron withdrawing group, yet it is ortho-, para-directing in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Explain why
it is so?
54 Rearrange the compounds of each of the following sets in order of reactivity towards S N2 displacement :
(i) 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromopentane, 2-Bromopentane
(ii) l-Bromo-3-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-2-methyl-butane, 3-Bromo-2-methylbutane
(iii) 1-Bromobutane, l-Bromo-2,2-dimethyl-propane, l-Bromo-2-methylbutane
55 Answer the following :
(i) Haloalkanes easily dissolve in organic solvents, why?
(ii) What is known as a racemic mixture? Give an example.
(iii) Of the two bromoderivatives, C6H5CH (CH3)Br and C6H5CH(C6H5)Br, which one is more reactive in SN1 substitution reaction and why?
56 How would you differentiate between SN1 and SN2 mechanisms of substitution reactions? Give one example of each
57 State one use each of DDT and iodoform.
(ii) Which compound in the following couples will react faster in S N2 displacement and why?
(a) 1-bromopentane or 2-bromopentane
(b) l-bromo-2-methylbutane or 2-bromo-2-methylbutane.
58 a) Write structures of A, B, C and D in the following reaction sequence :

(b) Arrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their boiling points :
CH3CHO, CH3CH2OH, CH3OCH3, CH3COOH
59 a) Account for the following :
(i) Propanal is more reactive than propanone towards nucleophilic reagents.
(ii) Electrophilic substitution in benzoic acid takes place at meta position.
(iii) Carboxylic acids do not give characteristic reactions of carbonyl group.
(b) Give simple chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds:
(i) Acetophenone and benzaldehyde
(ii) Benzoic acid and ethylbenzoate
60 a) Write the products of the following reactions :

(b) Write simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds
(i) Propanal and propanone (ii) Benzaldehyde and Benzoic acid
61 a) How will you convert:
(i) Benzene to acetophenone (ii) Propanone to 2-Methylpropan-2-ol
(b) Give reasons :
(i) Electrophilic substitution in benzoic acid takes place at meta position.
(ii) Carboxylic acids are higher boiling liquids than aldehydes, ketones and alcohols of comparable molecular masses.
(iii) Propanal is more reactive than propanone in nucleophilic addition reactions.
62 a) Write the reactions involved in the following:
(i) Etard reaction (ii) Stephen reduction
(b) How will you convert the following in not more than two steps:
(i) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde (ii) Acetophenone to Benzoic acid
(iii) Ethanoic acid to 2-Hydroxyethanoic acid
63 a) Write the product(s) in the following reactions:

(b) Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds:
(i) Butanal and Butan-2-one (ii) Benzoic acid and Phenol
64 Write the product(s) in the following reactions.

65 a) What is meant by the following terms? Give an example of the reaction in each case.
(i) Aldol (ii) Semicarbazone
(b) Complete the following :

66 a) Complete the following equations : (Comptt. All India 2016)

67 a) Give reasons :
(i) CH3—CHO is more reactive than CH3COCH3 towards HCN.
(ii) 4-nitrobenzoic acid is more acidic than benzoic acid.
(b) Describe the following :
(i) Acetylation (ii) Cannizzaro reaction (iii) Cross aldol condensation
68 a) Write the product(s) in the following :

(b) Give simple tests to distinguish the following pairs of compounds :

(i) Ethanal and Propanal
(ii) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone
(iii) Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate
69 a) Write the chemical reaction involved in Wolff-Kishner reduction.
(b) Arrange the following in the increasing order of their reactivity towards nucleophilic addition reaction:
C6H5COCH3, CH3— CHO, CH3COCH3
 (c) Why carboxylic acid does not give reactions of carbonyl group?
(d) Write the product in the following reaction

(e) A and B are two functional isomers of compound C 3H6O. On heating with NaOH and I2, isomer B forms yellow precipitate of iodoform
whereas isomer A does not form any precipitate. Write the formulae of A and B.
70 a) Write the structures of A and B in the following reactions:

(b) Distinguish between:

(i) C6H5— COCH3 and C6H5— CHO
(ii) CH3COOH and HCOOH
(c) Arrange the following in the increasing order of their boiling points:
CH3CHO, CH3COOH, CH3CH2OH
71 a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved in Cannizzaro reaction.
(b) Draw the structure of the semicarbazone of ethanal.
(c) Why pKa of F—CH2—COOH is lower than that of Cl—CH2—COOH?
(d) Write the product in the following reaction:

(e) How can you distinguish between propanal and propanone?

72 Write the structures of A, B, C, D and E in the following reactions :

73 a) Draw the structures of the following derivatives :

(i) Propanone oxime (ii) Semicarbazone of CH3CHO
(b) How will you convert ethanal into the following compounds? Give the chemical equations involved. (Comptt. All India 2015)

74 a) Draw the structure of the following :

(i) p-Methylbenzaldehyde (ii) 4-Methylpent-3-en-2-one
(b) Give chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds :
(i) Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate, (ii) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone.
(iii) Phenol and Benzoic acid
75 a) Describe the following actions
(i) Acetylation (ii) Aldol condensation
(b) Write the main product in the following equations : (Comptt. Delhi 2015)

76 a) Describe the following giving chemical equations :

(i) De-carboxylation reaction (ii) Friedel-Crafts reaction
(b) How will you bring about the following conversions?
(i) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde (ii) Benzene to m-Nitroacetophenone (iii) Ethanol to 3-Hydroxybutanal
77 a) Draw the structures of the following compounds :
(i) 4-Chloropentan-2-one (ii) p-Nitropropiophenone
(b) Give tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds :
(i) Ethanal and Propanal (ii) Phenol and Benzoic acid
(iii) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone
78 a) Write the IUPAC names of the following compounds :
(i) CH3CO(CH2)4CH3 (ii) Ph — CH = CH — CHO
(b) Describe the following conversions in not more than two steps :
(i) Ethanol to 3-Hydroxybutanal (ii) Benzoic acid to m-Nitrobenzyl alcohol
(iii) Propanone to Propene
79 a) Draw the structures of the following compounds:
(i) 4-chloropentan-2-one (it) But-2-en-l-al
 (b) Write the product(s) in the following: (Comptt. Delhi 2014)

80 a) Describe :
(i) Aldol condensation (ii) Cannizzaro reaction
(b) Describe a chemical test to distinguish between
(i) Ethanal and Propanal (ii) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone
(iii) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one
81 a) Account for the following :
(i) Cl – CH2COOH is a stronger acid than CH3COOH.
(ii) Carboxylic acids do not give reactions of carbonyl group.
(b) Write the chemical equations to illustrate the following name reactions :
(i) Rosenmund reduction (ii) Cannizzaro’s reaction
(c) Out of CH3CH2 – CO – CH2 – CH3 and CH3CH2 – CH2 – CO – CH3, which gives iodoform test?
82 a) Write the products formed when CH3CHO reacts with the following reagents :
(i) HCN (ii) H2N – OH (iii) CH3CHO in the presence of dilute NaOH
(b) Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds :
(i) Benzoic acid and Phenol (ii) Propanal and Propanone.
83 a) Account for the following :
(i) CH3CHO is more reactive than CH3COCH3 towards reaction with HCN.
(ii) Carboxylic acid is a stronger acid than phenol.
(b) Write the chemical equations to illustrate the following name reactions :
(i) Wolff-Kishner reduction (ii) Aldol condensation (iii) Cannizzaro reaction
84 a) Write the products of the following reactions :

(b) Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds :
(i) Benzaldehyde and Benzoic acid (ii) Propanal and Propanone
85 a) State and illustrate the following :
(i) Wolff-Kishner reduction (ii) Aldol condensation
(b) An organic compound (A) which has characteristic odour, on treatment with NaOH forms two compounds (B) and (C). Compound (B) has
the molecular formula C7H8O which on oxidation with CrO3 gives back compound (A). Compound (C) is the sodium salt of the acid. Compound
(C) when heated with soda lime yields an aromatic hydrocarbon (D). Deduce the structures of (A), (B), (C) and (D). Write chemical equations
for all reactions taking place.
86 a) How will you obtain the following :
(i) Benzaldehyde from Phenol (ii) Benzoic acid from Aniline
(b) Give reasons :
(i) Aldehydes are more reactive than ketones towards nucleophilic reagents.
(ii) Electrophilic substitution in benzoic acid takes place at meta position.
(iii) Carboxylic acids do not give the characteristic reactions of carbonyl group.
87 a) How will you carry out the following conversions?
(i) Acetylene to Acetic acid (ii) Toluene to m-nitrobenzoic acid
(iii) Ethanol to Acetone
(b) Give reasons :
(i) Chloroacetic acid is stronger than acetic acid.
(ii) pH of reaction should be carefully controlled while preparing ammonia derivatives of carbonyl compounds.
88 Two moles of organic compound ‘A’ on treatment with a strong base gives two compounds ‘B’ and ‘C’. Compound ‘B’ on dehydrogenation with
Cu gives ‘A’ while acidification of ‘C’ yields carboxylic acid ‘D’ with molecular formula of CH 2O2. Identify the compounds A, B, C and D and write
all chemical reactions involved
89 (a) Write the products of the following reactions :

(b) Which acid of each pair shown here would you expect to be stronger? (All India 2013)

84 a) How will you convert the following :

(i) Propanone to Propan-2-ol (ii) Ethanal to 2-hydroxy propanoic acid
(iii) Toluene to benzoic acid
(b) Give simple chemical test to distinguish between :
(i) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one (ii) Ethanal and Propanal
85 a) Complete the following reactions:

(b) Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds:
(i) Ethanal and Propanal (ii) Benzoic acid and Phenol
86 a) Although phenoxide ion has more number of resonating structures than carboxylate ion, carboxylic acid is a stronger acid than phenol. Give
two reasons.
(b) How will you bring about the following converstions?
(i) Propanone to propane (ii) Benzoyl chloride to benzaldehyde
(iii) Ethanal to but-2-enal
87 a) Give chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds :
(i) Benzoic acid and Phenol (ii) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone
(b) An organic compound with molecular formula C 5H10O does not reduce Tollen’s reagent but forms an addition compound with sodium
hydrogen sulphite and gives a positive iodoform test. On vigorous oxidation, it gives ethanoic acid and propanoic acid. Identify the compound
and write all chemical equations for the reactions
88 a) Give chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds :
(i) Benzene amide and 4-aminobenzoic acid (ii) Methyl acetate and Ethyl acetate
(b) An organic compound with molecular formula C 9H10O forms 2, 4-DNP derivative and reduces
Tollen’s reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro’s reaction. On vigorous oxidation, it gives 1,2- benzenedicarboxylic acid. Identify the compound
and write chemical equations for the reactions
89 a) An organic compound ‘A’ which has characteristic odour, on treatment with NaOH forms two compounds ‘B’ and ‘C’. Compound ‘B’ has the
molecular formula C7H8O which on oxidation with CrO3 gives back compound ‘A’. Compound ‘C’ is the sodium salt of the acid. ‘C’ when heated
with soda lime yields an aromatic hydrocarbon ‘D’. Deduce the structures of ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’ and ‘D’.
(b) Give reasons :
(i) Electrophilic substitution in Benzoic acid takes place at meta position.
(ii) Carboxylic acids do not give characteristic reactions of carbonyl group.
90 a) An organic compound ‘A’ with molecular formula C 8H8O forms an orange red precipitate with 2,4-DNP reagent and gives yellow precipitate
on heating with I 2and NaOH. It neither reduces Tollen’s reagent nor Fehling’s reagent nor does it decolourize bromine water or Baeyer’s
reagent. On drastic oxidation with chromic acid, it gives a carboxylic acid ‘W having molecular formula C 7H6O2. Identify the compounds ‘A’ and
‘B’ and explain the reactions involved.
(b) Write the mechanism of esterification of carboxylic acids.
91 (a) Give chemical tests to distinguish between :
(i) Propanol and propanone (ii) Benzaldehyde and acetophenone
(b) Arrange the following compounds in an increasing order of their property as indicated :
(i) Acetaldehyde, Acetone, Methyl tert-butyl ketone (reactivity towards HCN)
(ii) Benzoic acid, 3,4-Dinitrobenzoic acid, 4-Methoxybenzoic acid (acid strength)
(iii) CH3CH2CH (Br) COOH, CH3CH (Br) CH2COOH, (CH3)2CHCOOH (acid strength)
92 a) Write a suitable chemical equation to complete each of the following transformations :
(i) Butan-l-ol to butanoic acid
(it) 4-Methylacetophenone to benzene-1, 4-dicarboxylic acid
(b) An organic compound with molecular formula C 9H10O forms 2, 4-DNP derivative, reduces Tollen’s
reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro’s reaction. On vigorous oxidation it gives 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid. Identify the compound.
93 a) Give chemical tests to distinguish between
(i) Phenol and Benzoic acid (ii) Benzophenone and Acetophenone
(b) Write the structures of the main products of following reactions : (Delhi 2012)

94 (a) Give a plausible explanation for each one of the following :

(i) There are two – NH2 groups in semicarbazide. However, only one such group is involved in the formation of semicarbazones.
(ii) Cyclohexanone forms cyanohydrin in good yield but 2, 4, 6-trimethylcyclohexanone does not.
(b) An organic compound with molecular formula C9H10O forms 2, 4, – DNP derivative, reduces Tollens’ reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro’s
reaction. On vigorous oxidation it gives 1, 2-benzene-di- carboxylic acid. Identify the compound.
95 Illustrate the following reactions giving a suitable example for each.
(i) Cross aldol condensation (ii) Decarboxylation
(b) Give simple tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds :
(i) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one (ii) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone
(iii) Phenol and Benzoic acid
96 a) Illustrate the following name reactions giving suitable example in each case :
(i) Clemmensen reduction (ii) Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction
(b) How are the following conversions carried out?
(i) Ethylcyanide to ethanoic acid (ii) Butan-l-ol to butanoic acid
(iii) Benzoic acid to m-bromobenzoic acid
97 a) Give chemical tests to distinguish between the following :
(i) Benzoic acid and ethyl benzoate (ii) Benzaldehyde and acetophenone
 (b) Complete each synthesis by giving missing reagents or products in the following : (All India 2011)

98 a) Describe the following giving linked chemical equations :

(i) Cannizzaro reaction (ii) Decarboxylation
(b) Complete the following chemical equations (Delhi 2011)

99 a) Give chemical tests to distinguish between

(i) Propanal and Propanone, (ii) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone.
(b) How would you obtain
(i) But-2-enal from Ethanal, (ii) Butanoic acid from Butanol,
(iii) Benzoic acid from Ethylbenzene?
100 (a) Illustrate the following name reactions :
(i) Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction (ii) Wolff-Kishner reduction reaction
(b) How are the following conversions carried out:
(i) Ethylcyanide to ethanoic acid (ii) Butan-l-ol to butanoic acid
(iii) Methylbenzene to benzoic acid
Write chemical equations for the involved reactions.
101 a) Illustrate the following name reactions giving a chemical equation in each case :
(i) Clemmensen reaction (ii) Cannizzaro’s reaction
(b) Describe how the following conversions can be brought about :
(i) Cyclohexanol to cyclohexan-1-one (ii) Ethylbenzene to benzoic acid
(iii) Bromobenzene to benzoic acid
102 a) Give chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds :
(i) Ethanal and Propanal (ii) Phenol and Benzoic acid
(b) How will you bring about the following conversions?
(i) Benzoic acid to benzaldehyde (ii) Ethanal to but-2-enal (iii) Propanone to propene
Give complete reaction in each case.
103 a) Explain the mechanism of a nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl group of an aldehyde or a ketone.
(b) An organic compound (A) (molecular formula CgH16Q2) was hydrolysed with dilute sulphuric acid to give a carboxylic acid (B) and an
alcohol (C). Oxidation of (C) with chromic acid also produced (B). On dehydration (C) gives but-1-ene. Write the equations for the reactions
involved.
104 a) Arrange the following compounds in an increasing order of their indicated property :
(i) Benzoic acid, 4-Nitrobenzoic acid, 3,4-Dinitrobenzoic acid, 4-Methoxybenzoic acid (acid strength)
(ii) CH3CH2CH (Br) COOH, CH3CH (Br) CH2COOH,
(CH3)2CHCOOH, CH3CH2CH2COOH (acid strength)
(b) How would you bring about the following conversions :
(i) Propanone to Propene (ii) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde
(iii) Bromobenzene to 1-phenylethanol
105 a) Give chemical tests to distinguish between compounds in the following pairs of substances :
(i) Ethanol and Propanal (ii) Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate
(b) An organic compound contains 69.77% carbon, 11.63% hydrogen and rest oxygen. The molecular mass of the compound is 86. It does not
reduce Tollen’s reagent but forms an addition compound with sodium hydrogen sulphite and gives positive iodoform test. On vigorous
oxidation it gives ethanoic and propanoic acids. Derive the structure of the compound
106 a) How will you bring about the following conversions :
(i) Ethanol to 3-hydroxybutanal (ii) Benzaldehyde to Benzophenone
(b) An organic compound A has the molecular formula C 8H16O2. It gets hydrolysed with dilute sulphuric acid and gives a carboxylic acid B and
an alcohol C. Oxidation of C with chromic acid also produced B. C on dehydration reaction gives but-l-ene. Write equations for the reactions
involved
107 (a) Write chemical equations to illustrate the following name bearing reactions :
(i) Cannizzaro’s reaction (ii) Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction
(b) Give chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds :
(i) Propanal and Propanone (ii) Acetophenone and Benzophenone
(iii) Phenol and Benzoic acid
108 a) How are the following obtained?
(i) Benzoic acid from ethyl benzene, (ii) Benzaldehyde from toluene.
 (b) Complete each synthesis by giving the missing material, reagent or products : (Delhi 2009)

109 a) Illustrate the following name reactions by giving example :

(i) Cannizzaro’s reaction
(ii) Clemmensen reduction
(b) An organic compound A contains 69.77% carbon, 11.63% hydrogen and rest oxygen. The molecular mass of the compound is 86. It does
not reduce Tollen’s reagent but forms an addition compound with sodium hydrogen sulphite and gives positive iodoform test. On vigorous
oxidation it gives ethanoic and propanoic acids. Derive the possible structure of compound A.
110 Write the formula of reagents used in the following reactions:
(i) Bromination of phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol
(ii) Hydroboration of propene and then oxidation to propanol.
(b) Arrange the following compound groups in the increasing order of their property indicated:
(i) p-nitrophenol, ethanol, phenol (acidic character)
(ii) Propanol, Propane, Propanal (boiling point)
(c) Write the mechanism (using curved arrow notation) of the following reaction: (Delhi 2017)

111 a) Write the product(s) in the following reactions: (Delhi 2017)

(b) Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds:
(i) Ethanol and Phenol
(ii) Propanol and 2-methylpropan-2-ol
112 i) Write Reimer-Timann reaction.
(ii) Write the mechanism of acid dehydration of ethanol to yield ethene : (Comptt. All India 2017)

113 a) Why phenol is more acidic than ethanol?

(b) Write the mechanism of acid dehydration of ethanol to yield ether: (Comptt. All India 2017)

114 a) What happens when CH3—O—CH<sub3 is heated with HI?

(b) Explain mechanism for hydration of acid catalyzed ethene :
CH2 = CH2 + HzO ⟶H+CH3—CH,—OH
115 Explain the following with an example in each :
(i) Kolbe’s reaction
(ii) Reimer-Tiemann reaction
(iii) Williamson ether synthesis
116 a) Why water soluble vitamins must be supplied regularly in the diet? Give one example of it.
(b) Differentiate between the following :
(i) Essential and non-essential amino acids.
(ii) Fibrous and globular proteins.
117 a) What type of linkage is present in proteins?
(b) Give one example each of water soluble and fat soluble vitamins.
(c) Draw pyranose structure of glucose
118 a) What type of linkage is present in disaccharides?
(b) Write one source and deficiency disease of vitamin B12.
(c) Write the difference between DNA and RNA.
119 What are enzymes? Describe their functions. Name two diseases which are caused due to deficiency of enzymes
120 Define the following as related to proteins :
(i) Peptide linkage
(ii) Primary structure
(iii) Denaturation
121 i) Write the structural difference between starch and cellulose.
(ii) What type of linkage is present in Nucleic acids?
(iii) Give one example each for fibrous protein and globular protein.
122 i) Write the name of two monosaccharides obtained on hydrolysis of lactose sugar.
(ii) Why Vitamin C cannot be stored in our body?
(iii) What is the difference between a nucleoside ’ and nucleotide?
123 How are vitamins classified? Name the vitamin responsible for the coagulation of blood.
124 i) Which one of the following is a polysaccharide :
Starch, Maltose, Fructose, Glucose?
(ii) What one difference between a-helix and P-pleated sheet structure of protein.
(iii) Write the name of the disease caused by the deficiency of Vitamin B12.
125 i) Which one of the following is a disaccharide : Starch, Maltose, Fructose, Glucose?
(ii) What is the difference between fibrous protein and globular protein?
(iii) Write the name of vitamin whose deficiency causes bones deformities in children
126 What are essential and non-essential amino acids? Give two examples of each.
127 Define the following terms :
(i) Nucleotide
(ii) Anomers
(iii) Essential amino acids
128 Define the following terms :
(i) Glycosidic linkage
(ii) Invert sugar
(iii) Oligosaccharides
129 i) Deficiency of which vitamin causes scurvy?
(ii) What type of linkage is responsible for the formation of proteins?
(iii) Write the product formed when glucose is treated with HI.
130 i) Deficiency of which vitamin causes rickets?
(ii) Give an example for each of fibrous protein and globular protein.
(iii) Write the product formed on reaction of D-glucose with Br2 water.
131 (i) Deficiency of which vitamin causes night-blindness?
(ii) Name the base that is found in nucleotide of RNA only.
(iii) Glucose on reaction with HI gives n-hexane. What does it suggest about the structure of glucose?
132 Amino acids may be acidic, alkaline or neutral. How does this happen? What are essential and non-essential amino acids? Name one of each
type
133 Differentiate between fibrous proteins and globular proteins. What is meant by the denaturation of a protein?
134 What is essentially the difference between a-glucose and P-glucose? What is meant by pyranose structure of glucose?
135 What are the different types of RNA found in cells of organisms ? State the functions of each type
136 What are the hydrolysis products of sucrose?
137 a) Give two differences between globular and fibrous proteins.
(b) What change occurs in the nature of egg protein on boiling?
138 a) How are hormones and vitamins different in respect of their source and functions?
(b) Give one example each of
(i) Globular protein
(ii) Fibrous protein