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    Chemistry Level M Chapter 3 BQ-AK 2324

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    Chemistry Level M Chapter 3 BQ-AK 2324

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    Chemistry Level M Chapter 3 BQ-AK 2324

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    yaradzaiy

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    Level M – Chemistry – Basic Questions Answer Key – Chapter 3

    Chapter 3
    Basic Questions:
    1.
    a) [HCl] = [H+] = 0.010M
    [H+][OH-] = 10-14
    [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-12 M

    m 0.40
    b) n of NaOH =   0.01mol
    M 40
    n 0.01
    [NaOH] = [OH-] =   1M
    V 0.01
    [OH-] = 1.0 M
    [H+][OH-] = 10-14
    [H+] = 1.0 x 10-14 M.

    2. Acidic oxides are nonmetallic oxides


    Choice [-C-]

    3. (i) CaO, MgO


    (ii) CO2, SO2
    (iii) Al2O3
    (iv) CO

    4. i) Method: C
    Reagent: H2SO4
    Zinc oxide + sulfuric acid → zinc sulfate + water

    ii) Method: A
    Reagent: HCl
    Equation: KOH (aq) + HCl (aq)  KCl(aq) + H2O(l)

    iii) Method: B
    Reagent: aqueous solution of KI
    Equation: Pb2+(aq) + 2I- (aq)  PbI2 (s)

    5.
    i) Number of moles of HCl = C×V = 0.100 moles
    HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O
    1mol 1mol
    0.1 mol 0.098 mol
    HCl is in excess, 0.098 mol of HCl will react with 0.098 mol of NaOH
    Number of moles of HCl more = 0.1 – 0.098 = 2 × 10-3 moles
    Level M – Chemistry – Basic Questions Answer Key – Chapter 3

    ii) Suppose there is no change in the volume


    n of H+ remaining = 2 × 10-3 moles
    n H+ 2  103
    +
    [H ]excess =   0.02 M
    Vtotal 0.1

    iii) [H+][OH-] = 10-14


    [OH-] = 5.0 x 10-13 M

    6.
    a) Dilution: CiVi = CfVf
    (0.10)(0.05) = (Cf)(1000.05)
    Cf = [NaOH] = [OH-] = 5 x10-6
    [H+][OH-] = 10-14
    [H+] = 2.0 x 10-9 M

    H + (aq) + OH - (aq)  H 2 O(l)


    b) net ionic equation:
    0.2 mol 0.2 mol
    there is a complete neutralization reaction, so [H+] = [OH-] = 10-7M

    7. Sodium benzoate is a strong electrolyte so it dissociates completely in water


    [C6H5COONa] = [C6H5COO] = 0.10M
    Benzoic acid is a weak acid and it dissociates partially in water
    C6 H 5COOH  C 6 H 5COO - + H+
    I: 0.10M 0.10M 0
    C: -x +x +x
    E: 0.10-x 0.10+x x

    [C6 H 5COO - ][H + ] (0.10+x)(x)


    Ka = 
    [C6 H 5COOH] (0.10-x)
    since Ka is very small, assume x is negligible in 0.10+x and 0.10-x
    so x = [H+(aq)] =6.4 × 10–5

    To prove assumption is valid, find


    x
    % of dissociation = 100
    Cinitial
    6.4×10-5
    ×100=0.064 less than 5% so assumption is valid
    0.1

    8.
    a) HCl(g) + H2O→ H3O+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
    OR
    HCl(g) → H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
    Level M – Chemistry – Basic Questions Answer Key – Chapter 3

    b) HNO3 (aq) + H2O→ H3O+(aq) + NO3- (aq)


    OR
    HNO3 (aq) → H+(aq) + NO3- (aq)

    c) H2SO4 + H2O→ H3O+ (aq) + HSO4- (aq)


    HSO4- (aq) + H2O ⇌H3O+(aq) + SO4- (aq)
    OR
    H2SO4 → H+ (aq) + HSO4- (aq)
    HSO4- (aq) ⇌H+(aq) + SO4- (aq)

    d) CH3COOH (aq)+ H2O ⇌H3O+(aq) + CH3COO- (aq)


    OR
    CH3COOH (aq) ⇌H+(aq) + CH3COO- (aq)

    e) H3PO4 + H2O ⇌ H3O+ (aq) + H2PO4- (aq)


    H2PO4- (aq) + H2O ⇌ H3O+ (aq) + HPO4-2 (aq)
    HPO4-2 (aq) + H2O ⇌ H3O+ (aq) + PO4-3 (aq)
    OR
    H3PO4 ⇌ H+ (aq) + H2PO4- (aq)
    H2PO4- (aq) ⇌ H+ (aq) + HPO4-2 (aq)
    HPO4-2 (aq) ⇌ H+ (aq) + PO4-3 (aq)

    f) In the first step the acid is the strongest and in the last step the acid is the weakest.
    
    9. a) CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2 (aq) ⇌ Ca2+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq)
    b) SO3(g) + H2O(l) ⇌ H2SO4 (aq) ⇌ 2H+ (aq) + SO42- (aq)
    c) CO2(g) + H2O(l) ⇌ H2CO3 (aq) ⇌2H+ (aq) + CO32- (aq)
    d) SO2(g) + H2O(l) ⇌ H2SO3 (aq)⇌ 2H+ (aq) + SO32- (aq)
    e) K2O(s) + H2O(l) → 2KOH (aq) → 2K+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq)
    f) Na2O(s) + H2O(l) → 2NaOH (aq) → 2Na+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq)

    10. a) Acid + base → Salt + Water


    b) CO32- (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ HCO3- (aq) + OH- (aq)
    c) CO32- (aq) + 2H+ (aq) → CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
    d) NH4+ (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ NH3 (aq) + H3O+ (aq)
    e) NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) → NH3 (aq) + H2O (l)
    f) CaO (s) + 2H+ (aq) → Ca2+ (aq) + H2O (l)
    g) SO3 (g) + 2OH- (aq) → SO42 - (aq) + H2O (l)

    11. m of HCOOH = 23g ; M of HCOOH = 46g/mol ; V = 10L


    m 23
    n of HCOOH = = = 0.5 mol
    M 46
    Level M – Chemistry – Basic Questions Answer Key – Chapter 3

    n 0.5
    [HCOOH] = = = 0.05 M
    V 10
    HCOOH  HCOO- + H+
    I: 0.05M 0 0
    C: -x +x +x
    E: 0.05-x x x
    where x = 3.0 10-3
    [HCOO- ][H + ] (3.0  10-3 ) 2
    Ka = 
    [HCOOH] (0.05-3.0 10-3 )

    Ka = 1.91 × 10-4

    12. m of CH3COOH = 25g ; V of solution = 1.0L ; Ka of CH3COOH = 1.8 × 10-5


    m 25
    n of CH3COOH = =  0.417 mol
    M 60
    n 0.417
    [CH3COOH] =   0.417 M
    V 1
    CH 3COOH  CH3COO- + H+
    I: 0.417M 0 0
    C: -x +x +x
    E: 0.417-x x x
    [CH 3COO- ][H + ] x2
    Ka = 
    [CH 3COOH] (0.417-x)

    x = [H+] = 2.74 × 10-3

    13.
    a) pH = -log[H+] = 5  [H+] = 1.0 x 10-5 M
    pH is less than 7  acidic

    b) pH = -log[H+] = 8  [H+] = 1.0 x 10-8 M


    pH is greater than 7  basic
    [H+][OH-] = 10-14
    [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-6 M

    14. When potassium nitrate is dissolved in water, it breaks down into its ions: potassium
    and nitrate. The reaction is endothermic, the temperature decreases so water will feel
    cool for some time.
    Since both K+ and NO3- are spectator neutral ions, KNO3 completely dissolves in
    water, forming a neutral salt solution, thus the pH of the water does not change.
    Level M – Chemistry – Basic Questions Answer Key – Chapter 3

    15.
    a)

    spatula

    Graduated tripod
    cylinder

    b) The reactant that is in excess is the reactant that is not completely used up during the chemical
    reaction, that is, there is some of this reactant left over at the end of the reaction.

    c)

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