Social Science

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CBSE EXAM 2025 30 Sets

Class : 10th
Sub : Social Science
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CBSE Class 10 Social Science Sample Paper 01 Page 1
Sample Paper 01
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 80
General Instructions :
1. The question paper comprises Six Sections – A, B, C, D, E and F. There are 37 questions in the
Question paper. All questions are compulsory.
2. Section A – From questions 1 to 20 are MCQs of 1 mark each.
3. Section B – Question no. 21 to 24 are Very Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 2 marks each.
Answer to each question should not exceed 40 words.
4. Section C contains Q.25 to Q.29 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer to
each question should not exceed 60 words.
5. Section D – Question no. 30 to 33 are long answer type questions, carrying 5 marks each. Answer to
6. Section E – Questions no from 34 to 36 are case based questions with three sub questions and are of 4
marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 100 words.
7. Section F – Question no. 37 is map based, carrying 5 marks with two parts, 37a from History (2 marks)
and 37b from Geography (3 marks).
8. There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few
questions. Only one of the choices in such questions must be attempted.
9. A separate question has been provided for visually impaired candidates in lieu of questions having visual
inputs, maps etc. Such questions are to be attempted by Visually impaired students only. In addition to
this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.
SECTION - A
Section A consists of 20 questions of 1 mark each.
1. In the above picture of sorrien’s utopian vision, the saints, angle and Christ symbolise-
(a) Equality among people

(b) Fraternity among nations
(c) Freedom of nations
(d) Resentment against nations
Continue on next page.....
Page 2 Sample Paper 01 NODIA APP
2. Certain events are given below. Choose the appropriate chronological order :
1. Coming of Simon Commission to India
2. Demand of Purna Swaraj in Lahore Session of INC.
3. Government of India Act, 1919
4. Champaran Satyagraha
Choose the correct option :
(a) 3 - 2 - 4 - 1 (b) 1 - 2 - 4 - 3
(c) 2 - 3 - 1 - 4 (d) 4 - 3 - 1 - 2
3. Which of the following was a major reason for the expansion of international trade in the 19th
century?
(a) The rise of European colonial empires and advancements in transportation.
(b) The abolition of slavery, which reduced the need for international trade.
(c) The decline in demand for raw materials like cotton and sugar.
(d) The establishment of the World Trade Organization, regulating global trade.
4. The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg revolutionized the spread of information
in Europe. Which of the following were effects of the invention of the printing press?
1. Rapid spread of new ideas and knowledge
2. Growth of literacy and education
3. Decline in religious authority
4. Strengthening of monarchies
Options :
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1, 2, and 3
(c) 2 and 4
(d) 1 and 4
5. Which resource is renewable and can be replenished over a relatively short period of time through
natural processes?
(a) Fossil fuels like coal and petroleum, which take millions of years to form.
(b) Solar energy from the sun, which is available in abundance and continuously replenished.
(c) Mineral resources such as iron ore, which are formed over geological time scales.
(d) Non-renewable resources like natural gas, which cannot be regenerated once consumed.
6. The Western Ghats are recognized as one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots. Analyze the following
statements about the Western Ghats:
1. They are home to a vast number of endemic plant and animal species.
2. The Western Ghats stretch across eight Indian states from Gujarat to Tamil Nadu.
3. Deforestation and habitat destruction are major threats to their biodiversity.
4. The Western Ghats are primarily desert regions with sparse vegetation.
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 3 and 4 only

7. Match Column - A with Column - B and choose the correct option:

Column-A (River) Column-B (Dam)
A. Mahanadi 1. Sardar Sarovar
B. Narmada 2. Hirakud
C. Chambal 3. Salal
D. Chenab 4. Rana Pratap
Sagar
Options:
(a) A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1
(b) A - 3, B - 4, C - 1, D - 2
(c) A - 2, B - 1, C - 4, D - 3
(d) A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4
8. Which of the following best describes the concept of power sharing in a democratic system of
governance?
(a) Concentrating all governmental powers in the central authority for efficient decision-making.
(b) Distributing governmental powers among various levels and branches to prevent misuse.
(c) Allocating power solely to the legislative branch to ensure balanced governance.
(d) Granting all powers to the executive branch to maintain order and stability.
9. India has adopted a federal system of government to accommodate diversity. Which of the following
statements about Indian federalism are correct?
1. India is a Union of States.
2. States have autonomy in all matters.
3. Power-sharing between the Union and State governments is a basic feature of the Indian
Constitution.
4. The power-sharing arrangement can be easily changed by the Union government.
Options :
(a) 1 and 3
(b) 2 and 4
(c) 1 and 2
(d) 1 and 4
10. What is Caste Discrimination, and why is it considered a major social issue in India?
(a) Treating individuals based on their caste, leading to social inequality and exclusion.
(b) Promoting caste-based systems to maintain social order and hierarchy.
(c) Encouraging the mixing of different castes to create a unified society.
(d) Ignoring caste differences to ensure everyone is treated equally.
11. India has a multi-party system, providing voters with a wide range of choices. Which of the
following statements about political party systems are correct?
1. A two-party system limits voter choice.
2. A multi-party system encourages coalition governments.
3. A one-party system is more democratic than a multi-party system.
4. A multi-party system provides more representation to diverse groups.
Options :
(a) 2 and 4 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 3 and 4
12. Consider the following statements:

Statement I: Democracy in India ensures the protection of individual rights and freedoms.
Statement II: In a democracy, the government is not accountable to the people.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only I is correct. (b) Only II is correct.
(c) Both I and II are correct. (d) Neither I nor II is correct.
13. The power-sharing model of _______ is considered one of the most complex, involving equal
representation of both Dutch and French-speaking communities.
(a) India (b) Belgium
(c) Sri Lanka (d) France
14. Which sector of the Indian economy is primarily involved in the extraction and processing of raw
materials, such as mining and agriculture?
(a) Primary Sector, which includes activities like agriculture, mining, and fishing.
(b) Secondary Sector, which involves manufacturing and industrial production.
(c) Tertiary Sector, which focuses on services and distribution.
(d) Quaternary Sector, which deals with information and research services.
15. Money plays a crucial role in the economy by facilitating transactions. Which of the following are
functions of money in an economy?
1. Medium of exchange
2. Store of value
3. Measure of income
4. Unit of account
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 4 (d) 1, 3, and 4
16. The process of globalization has been facilitated by advances in technology, especially in the fields
of communication and _______.
(a) Manufacturing (b) Mining
(c) Transportation (d) Healthcare

Statement I: Development is a process that only involves economic growth.
Statement II: Development includes improvements in the standard of living, education, and
healthcare.

18. Match the following and choose the correct option.

(Leader) (Role)
A. Victor Emmanuel II 1. Chief Minister of Italy
B. Guiseppe Mazzini 2. Young Italy Movement
C. Guiseppe Garibaldi 3. Conquered the Kingdom of Sicillies
D. Count Cavour 4. Proclaimed as king of Unified Italy
(a) A - 1, B - 4, C - 3, D - 2 (b) A -2, B - 1, C - 4, D - 3

(c) A - 4, B - 2, C - 3, D - 1 (d) A - 1, B - 4, C - 2, D - 3
19. Interpret the following pie diagram and choose the correct option for the following question?
What is the significance of the 43 percent land under net sown area?
(a) It supports urban development.
(b) It contributes majorly to food production.
(c) It is used for industrial growth.
(d) It is left uncultivated for future use.
20. Read the data given below and answer the question:
State Land Degradation (in % of total land area) Forest Cover (in %)
X 12 22
Y 25 35
Why does state Y have a higher rate of land degradation?
(a) High afforestation rates.
(b) Lack of industrial development.
(c) Increased deforestation for agriculture.
(d) Use of rainwater harvesting.

SECTION - B
Very Short Answer Question (4 × 2 = 8)
21. “The French Revolution led to the rise of nationalism in Europe.” Justify the statement with
suitable arguments.
O
“The Revolutions of 1848 were significant in the spread of nationalism.” Discuss the role of the
1848 revolutions in promoting nationalist sentiments.
22. “Sustainable development is essential for ensuring the availability of resources for future
generations.” Explain why this is important.
23. “Power sharing is essential in a diverse society like India.” Justify the statement with suitable
arguments.
24. “Income alone is not a measure of development.” Justify the statement with suitable arguments.
SECTION - C
Short Answer Based Question (5 × 3 = 15)
25. Over the past fifty years, India’s literacy rate has significantly increased, leading to a more educated
population. As a result, education has become a central focus in India’s development strategy.
Why do you think education has gained such importance in India’s development? Support your
answer by giving any three reasons.
26. “The formation of the Indian National Congress was a significant step towards Indian nationalism.”
Explain the statement by giving suitable examples.
27. “Ravi owns a large plantation and wants to promote biodiversity. However, he is not familiar with
the types of forests and their significance.” Assist him in identifying the different types of forests
and their importance in promoting biodiversity.
O
“Neha is passionate about wildlife conservation and wishes to start a sanctuary. She needs guidance
on the factors essential for establishing a wildlife sanctuary.” Help her identify the key factors
required to set up a successful wildlife sanctuary.
28. “Federalism ensures regional autonomy within a country.” Explain the statement by giving any
three examples.

29. In recent years, the service sector in India has grown exponentially, becoming the largest contributor
to GDP. As a result, the service sector has emerged as the dominant sector in the Indian economy.
Why has the service sector become so dominant in India’s economy? Support your answer by
giving any three reasons.
SECTION - D
Long Answer Based Question (4 × 5 = 20)
30. ‘The Age of Discovery marked the beginning of global trade networks.’ Substantiate the statement
with key features.
O
‘Imperialism was driven by economic, political, and cultural motives.’ Explain the statement with
relevant points.
31. Meena’s town is facing water scarcity due to the over-extraction of groundwater. Identify three
reasons for groundwater depletion and suggest ways to conserve water resources.
O
Arjun’s village is prone to frequent droughts. What water conservation techniques can be adopted
in drought-prone areas to ensure sustainable water use?
32. ‘Caste continues to play a significant role in Indian politics.’ Analyse the impact of caste on
political and social life in India.
O
‘Gender discrimination is a persistent issue in Indian society.’ Discuss the challenges faced by
women in India.
33. Miss X is trying to understand the problems with the barter system. Explain why the barter
system was inefficient due to the need for double coincidence of wants and how money, as a
medium of exchange, solved this problem by making trade more convenient and efficient.
O
Amit, a farmer, borrows money from a moneylender at high interest rates. What are the
consequences of relying on informal credit, and how can access to formal banking and credit
systems be improved in rural areas?

SECTION - E
Case Based Questions (3 × 4 = 12)
34. Read the following source carefully and answer the questions that follow :
This is how Mercier describes the impact of the printed word, and the power of reading in one of
his books:
‘Anyone who had seen me reading would have compared me to a man dying of thirst who was
gulping down some fresh, pure water.... Lighting my lamp with extraordinary caution, I threw
myself hungrily into the reading. An easy eloquence, effortless and animated, carried me from one
page to the next without my noticing it. A clock struck off the hours in the silence of the shadows,
and I heard nothing. My lamp began to run out of oil and produced only a pale light, but still I read
on. I could not even take out time to raise the wick for fear of interrupting my pleasure. How those
new ideas rushed into my brain! How my intelligence adopted them!’
Questions:
1. How does the passage reflect the immersive nature of reading of Mercier?
2. Why did Mercier describe himself as a virtual writer?
3. How did reading influence Mercier’s intellectual capacity and his engagement with new
concepts? Explain in any two points.
35. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow.
Today, Indian agriculture finds itself at a crossroads. To make agriculture successful and profitable,
proper thrust should be given to the improvement of the condition of marginal and small farmers.
The green revolution promised much. But today it’s under controversy. The keyword today is
“gene revolution”, which includes genetic engineering. Organic farming is [also] much in vogue
today because it is practised without factory-made chemicals such as fertilisers and pesticides. A
few economists think that Indian farmers have a bleak future if they continue growing food grains
on the holdings that grow smaller and smaller as the population rises. India’s rural population is
about 600 million which depends upon 250 million (approximate) hectares of agricultural land,
an average of less than half a hectare per person. Indian farmers should diversify their cropping
pattern from cereals to high-value crops. This will increase incomes and reduce environmental
degradation simultaneously. Because fruits, medicinal herbs, flowers, vegetables, and bio-diesel
crops like jatropha and jojoba need much less irrigation than rice or sugarcane. India’s diverse
climate can be harnessed to grow a wide range of high-value crops.
Questions :
1. Give two reasons why the Green Revolution is under controversy.
2. .....holdings that grow smaller and smaller as the population rises.’ Evaluate why this is a
concern.
3. Bio-diesel crops like jatropha and jojoba have been referred to as high-value crops. Why?

36. Read the given source and answer the questions that follow :
The rise of political parties is directly linked to the emergence of representative democracies. As we
have seen, large societies need representative democracy. As societies became large and complex,
they also needed some agency to gather different views on various issues and to present these to the
government. They needed some ways, to bring various representatives together so that a responsible
government could be formed. They needed a mechanism to support or restrain the government,
make policies, justify or oppose them. Political parties fulfil these needs that every representative
government has. We can say that parties are a necessary condition for a democracy.
Questions :
1. Explain the meaning of a political party.
2. ‘‘The rise of political parties is directly linked to the emergence of representaive democracies.”
Support this statement.
3. Why are political parties a necessary condition for a democracy ? Explain.
SECTION-F
Map Skill Based Question (Q 37a and 37b) 2+3=5
37. (a) Two places (A) and (B) have been marked on the given outline map of India. Identify them
and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them.
(A) Indian National Congress session at this place in 1920.
(B) The place where Mahatma Gandhi broke the slat law.
(b) On the same outline map of India locate and label any three of the following with suitable
symbols.
(i) A Coal mine in Tamil Nadu.
(ii) A dam built on river Chenab.
(iii)A large natural major seaport located at Andhra Pradesh.
(iv) Noida software technology park.
www.nodia.i
Sample Paper 02
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A
1. Which one of the following option best signifies this picture?
(a) Indian workers march in south Africa 1913.

(b) The Boycott of foreign cloths 1922.
(c) Chauri Chaura Movement.
(d) Dandi March lead by Mahatma Gandhi.

2. Arrange the following happenings in the correct order-

1. Mahatma Gandhi launched the civil disobedience movement
2. First world war
3. Second world war
4. Establishment of G-77
Options :
(a) 1, 4, 2, 3
(b) 2, 1, 3, 4
(c) 4, 3, 2, 1
(d) 2, 1, 4, 3
3. The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century had what significant
impact on European society?
(a) It led to the spread of new ideas and literacy across Europe.
(b) It allowed the Catholic Church to control the dissemination of information.
(c) It reduced access to books and limited the spread of knowledge.
(d) It was primarily used to print religious texts, with little impact on secular learning.
4. The Napoleonic Code, introduced in 1804, had a significant impact on European legal systems.
Which of the following statements about the Napoleonic Code are correct?
1. It did away with privileges based on birth.
2. It established equality before the law.
3. It restored the feudal system.
4. It simplified administrative divisions.
Options :
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1 and 4
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2, and 4
5. Which of the following is a major reason for the decline of biodiversity in Indian forests?
(a) Afforestation efforts led by the government and non-governmental organizations.
(b) Deforestation due to agricultural expansion and illegal logging activities in forested areas.
(c) Conservation programs aimed at protecting endangered species and their habitats.
(d) Sustainable harvesting of forest resources to meet the needs of local communities.
6. Water is a crucial resource for human survival and economic activities. In India, several measures
have been taken to manage water resources effectively. Consider the following statements about
water conservation practices:
1. Rainwater harvesting involves collecting and storing rainwater for future use.
2. Check dams are constructed to slow down the flow of water and recharge groundwater.
3. Desalination plants convert seawater into potable water to meet drinking needs.
4. Over-extraction of groundwater has no impact on the water table levels.

7. Match the following:

List-I (Crops) List-II (Geographical conditions)
A. Barley 1. Hot and dry climate with poor soil
B. Rice 2. Cool climate with poorer soil
C. Millets 3. Warm and moist climate with high

altitude
D. Tea 4. Hot and moist climate with rich soil
Option :
(a) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3 (b) A-3, B-4, C-1,D-2
(c) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 (d) A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
8. Which of the following statements best defines federalism as practiced in India?

(a) A unitary system where the central government holds all the powers without any state
autonomy.
(b) A system where power is divided between a central government and individual state governments.
(c) A confederation where states have complete independence and the central government has
limited powers.
(d) A system where regional leaders have more power than the central government in decision-
making.
9. Indian society is divided into various social categories based on gender, religion, and caste. Which
of the following statements about gender inequality in India are correct?
1. Women have equal representation in parliament.
2. Women are paid less than men for the same work.
3. Girls are often not encouraged to pursue higher education.
4. Women are over-represented in decision-making bodies.
Options :
(a) 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 4
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 2 and 4
10. What is one major advantage of a multi-party system in a democratic country like India?
(a) It limits the representation of diverse interests by reducing the number of political voices.
(b) It ensures broader representation of different societal groups and opinions in governance.
(c) It makes it easier for a single party to dominate the political landscape.
(d) It reduces competition among political parties, ensuring stable governments.
11. Democracy promotes political equality and fairness. Which of the following are key outcomes of
a democratic system?
1. Equal political participation for all citizens
2. Equal economic opportunities for all citizens
3. Protection of individual rights and freedoms
4. Economic growth at the expense of social justice
Options :
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 1, 2, and 3
(c) 2 and 4 (d) 3 and 4

Statement I: Power sharing helps in preventing the concentration of power in one group.
Statement II: Power sharing is only applicable at the central level and not at the state level.
(a) Statement I is correct and II is incorrect.
(b) Statement I is incorrect and II is correct.
(c) Both I and II are correct.
(d) Both I and II are incorrect.
13. In India, the distribution of powers between the Union and State governments is outlined in the
_______ of the Indian Constitution.
(a) Fundamental Rights
(b) Directive Principles
(c) Seventh Schedule
(d) Ninth Schedule
14. How do banks create money through the lending process in India’s financial system?
(a) By printing physical currency notes and distributing them to the public.
(b) By accepting deposits and lending a portion of those deposits to borrowers, creating new
money.
(c) By investing in foreign markets and bringing back profits as domestic money.
(d) By restricting the supply of money to control inflation and stabilize the economy.
15. Globalization refers to the increasing interconnection of economies worldwide. Which of the
following are key features of globalization?
1. Increased trade between countries
2. Flow of capital and technology across borders
3. Isolation of domestic markets
4. Restricted movement of people across countries
Options :
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 3 and 4
(c) 2 and 4
(d) 1 and 3
16. The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and
_______ per capita, which is used to rank countries by their level of human development.
(a) National income
(b) GDP
(c) Gross National Income (GNI)
(d) Personal wealth


Statement I: The primary sector includes activities like agriculture, mining, and fishing.
Statement II: The tertiary sector is involved in manufacturing goods.
(a) Only I is correct.
(b) Only II is correct.
(d) Neither I nor II is correct.
18. Match the column A and column B and choose the correct option.
Column A Column B
A Giuseppe Mazzini 1. Ruler of an Italian princely house
B King Victor Emmanuel II 2. Revolutionary who tried to unify Italy
C Chief Minister Cavour 3. led an army of volunteers to Rome to fight the last obstacle
to the unification of Italy, the Papal States where a French
garrison was stationed.
D Giuseppe Garibaldi 4. Through a tactful diplomatic alliance with France he

succeeded in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859
(a) A - 2, B - 1, C - 3, D - 4
(b) A - 4, B - 1, C - 2, D - 3
(c) A - 3, B - 2, C - 1, D - 4
(d) A - 2, B - 1, C - 4, D - 3
Why does alluvial soil cover 35% of the total area?

(a) It is mostly found in river basins.
(b) It is used for growing forests.
(c) It is found in desert regions.
(d) It is used for industrial purposes.
State Forest Area (in % of total area) Deforestation Rate (per year)
A 30 2%
B 50 0.5%
Why does state B have a lower deforestation rate?
(a) It has high agricultural demand.
(b) It is a highly industrialized state.
(c) It has better forest management practices.
(d) It focuses on mining activities.
SECTION - B
21. “The Indian National Congress was founded to voice Indian aspirations.” Justify the statement
with suitable arguments.
O
“The partition of Bengal in 1905 sparked nationalist protests.” Discuss the impact of the partition
of Bengal on Indian nationalism.
22. “Forests play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance.” Explain their importance.
23. “Federalism promotes regional autonomy in India.” Justify the statement with suitable arguments.
24. “The primary sector is crucial for the livelihood of a large section of India’s population.” Justify
the statement with suitable arguments.
SECTION - C
25. Over the past four decades, the manufacturing sector in India has expanded rapidly, contributing
significantly to GDP growth. As a result, the manufacturing sector has become a major pillar of
the Indian economy. Why has the manufacturing sector become so important in India’s economy?
Support your answer by giving any three reasons.
26. “The Age of Discovery led to the creation of global trade networks.” Explain the statement by
giving suitable examples.

27. “Sunita has acquired a piece of land and wants to ensure a steady water supply for irrigation.
She is unfamiliar with the types of irrigation methods suitable for her area.” Help her identify
appropriate irrigation methods based on local water resources and soil conditions.
O
“Mohit plans to build a small hydroelectric power plant. However, he lacks knowledge about the
factors that determine the feasibility of such a project.” Guide him in identifying the key factors
that make a location suitable for a hydroelectric power plant.
28. “Gender equality ensures equal opportunities for women and men.” Explain the statement by
giving any three examples.
29. Between 1991 and 2020, India’s credit market has expanded, providing businesses with necessary
funding for growth. As a result, credit availability has become crucial for India’s economic
development. Why is credit availability important for India’s economy? Support your answer by
SECTION - D
30. ‘The invention of the printing press revolutionized the spread of knowledge.’ Substantiate the
statement with key features.
O
‘The role of newspapers was crucial in mobilizing public opinion during the nationalist movements.’
Explain the statement with relevant points.
31. Sunita notices that farmers in her area depend heavily on monsoons for agriculture. What are the
limitations of monsoon-dependent agriculture, and how can irrigation help overcome them?
O
Ravi’s region specializes in the cultivation of rice, a water-intensive crop. What are the advantages
and disadvantages of growing water-intensive crops, and what alternatives can be suggested?
32. ‘Political parties are essential for the functioning of a democracy.’ Analyse the role of political
parties in democratic governance.
O
‘Political parties today face several challenges that impact their democratic functioning.’ Discuss
the challenges faced by political parties.

33. Miss X is learning about globalization and wants to understand its impact on India’s economy.
Explain how globalization has influenced India’s trade, investment, and industries, and how the
country has benefited from increased integration with the global economy.
O
A cotton farmer in India sells his crop to an international clothing company. How does this
connect him to the global market, and what are the potential benefits and risks of participating
in global supply chains for small farmers?
SECTION - E
34. Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:
Ernst Renan, ‘What is a Nation?’: In a lecture delivered at the University of Sorbonne in 1882, the
French philosopher Ernst Renan (1823-92) outlined his understanding of what makes a nation. The
lecture was subsequently published as a famous essay entitled ‘Qu’ est-cequ’ une nation?’ (‘What is
a Nation?’). In this essay Renan criticises the notion suggested by others that a nation is formed
by a common language, race, religion, or territory: ‘A nation is the culmination of a long past of
endeavours, sacrifice and devotion. A heroic past, great men, glory, that is the social capital upon
which one bases a national idea. To have common glories in the past, to have a common will in the
present, to have performed great deeds together, to wish to perform still more, these are the essential
conditions of being a people. A nation is therefore a large-scale solidarity... Its existence is a daily
plebiscite... A province is its inhabitants; if anyone has the right to be consulted, it is the inhabitant.
A nation never has any real interest in annexing or holding on to a country against its will. The
existence of nations is a good thing, a necessity even. Their existence is a guarantee of liberty, which
would be lost if the world had only one law and only one master.
Questions :
1. What do you mean by the term Nation?
2. Write any two requirements for the formation of a nation.
3. How does a heroic past helps in the formation of a nation?
35. Read the given case and answer the questions that follow :
Energy is a basic requirement for economic development. Every sector of the national economy —
agriculture, industry, transport, commercial and domestic — needs inputs of energy. The economic
development plans implemented since independence necessarily required increasing amounts of
energy to remain operational. As a result, consumption of energy in all forms has been steadily
rising all over the country. In this background, there is an urgent need to develop a sustainable path
of energy development. Promotion of energy conservation and increased use of renewable energy
sources are the twin planks of sustainable energy. India is presently one of the least energy efficient
countries in the world. We have to adopt a cautious approach for the judicious use of our limited
energy resources. For example, as concerned citizens we can do our bit by using public transport
systems instead of individual vehicles; switching off electricity when not in use, using power-saving
devices and using non-conventional sources of energy. At last “Energy Saved is energy produced”
Questions :
1. Why is sustainable energy a key to sustainable development ?
2. Why is consumption of energy rising in all over India?
3. Explain ‘Energy saved is energy produced’.
36. Read the given extract and answer the following questions.
Arguments about democracy tend to be very passionate. This is how it should be, for democracy
appeals to some of our deep values. These debates cannot be resolved in a simple manner. But
some debates about democracy can and should be resolved by referring to some facts and figures.
The debate about the economic outcomes of democracy is one such debate. Over the years many
students of democracy have gathered careful evidence to see what the relationship of democracy with
economic growth and economic inequalities is.
A particular study shows that on an average dictatorial regimes have had a slightly better record
of economic growth. But when we compare their record only in poor countries, there is virtually
no difference. While another study shows that within democracies there can be very high degree of
inequalities. In democratic countries like South Africa and Brazil, the top 20 per cent people take
away more than 60 per cent of the national income, leaving less than 3 per cent for the bottom 20
per cent population. Countries like Denmark and Hungary are much better in this respect.
One can easily infer that there is often inequality of opportunities available to the poorer sections.
Questions :
1. Which type of outcomes of democracy can be resolved with the help of facts or figures analysis?
2. Benefits of higher national income are enjoyed by a’ small proportion of its population while a
larger proportion has to settle with the remaining small portion of the national income. What
is strongly indicated by this fact?
3. Differentiate between democracy and dictatorship form of government.
SECTION-F
37. (a) Two places A and B are marked on the given outline map of India. Identify them and write
their correct names on the lines drawn near them.
A. The place associated with the Jallianwala Bagh incident.
B. The place where the December 1920 session of the Indian National Congress took place.
(b) On the outline map of India, mark and locate the following with suitable symbols.
C. An airport
D. A software technology park
E. A dam
F. A seaport in Goa
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Sample Paper 03
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A

(a) Criminals. (b) Lost citizens of Central Africa.

(c) Photograph of indentured labourers. (d) None of these.
2. Arrange the following options in the correct sequence-

1. Press came to be made out of metal.
2. Offset press was developed.
3. Gutenberg perfected the system by olive press.
4. China first introduced hand- printing technology into Japan.
Option:
(a) 1, 4, 2, 3 (b) 2, 4, 3, 1
(c) 4, 2, 3, 1 (d) 4, 3, 2, 1
3. Which treaty, signed in 1815, aimed to restore monarchies in Europe after Napoleon’s defeat and
establish a balance of power?
(a) Treaty of Versailles, which ended World War I and reshaped Europe.
(b) Treaty of Vienna, which restored traditional monarchies and balanced European powers.
(c) Treaty of Paris, which concluded the Napoleonic Wars and redrew European borders.
(d) Treaty of Tordesillas, which divided newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal.
4. The Indian National Congress launched the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920 under the
leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. Which of the following were objectives of the Non-Cooperation
Movement?
1. Boycott of British goods
2. Surrender of government titles
3. Promotion of Hindu-Muslim unity
4. Acceptance of British reforms
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1 and 4 (d) 3 and 4
5. Which of the following is a common method used for rainwater harvesting to conserve water in
rural areas of India?
(a) Building large dams to control river flow and generate electricity.
(b) Constructing tanks and ponds to store rainwater for agricultural use.
(c) Deforestation to increase the amount of water available for irrigation.
(d) Draining wetlands to convert them into agricultural land for farming.
6. Agriculture plays a vital role in the Indian economy. Identify the correct statements related to
Indian agriculture.
1. India is the largest producer of rice and wheat in the world.
2. The Green Revolution significantly increased agricultural productivity in the 1960s.
3. Agriculture in India is entirely dependent on monsoon rains.
4. Horticulture contributes minimally to India’s agricultural sector.
Options:
(c) 1 and 4 only (d) 3 and 4 only
7. Match the following and choose correct option.

Column-I Column-II
A. Terrace farming 1. Different crops grown parallely
B. Strip cropping 2. Hill slopes are used as cultivable land in the form of flat cut
regions of slope
C. Contour ploughing 3. Along the slope of mountain
D. Crop rotation 4. Different crops grown in systematic succession
Option :
(a) A - 2, B - 1, C - 3, D - 4
(b) A - 4, B - 1, C - 3, D - 2
(c) A - 4, B - 1, C - 3, D - 2
(d) A - 2, B - 4, C - 1, D - 3
8. Which of the following best describes the term Gender Equality?

(a) Treating individuals differently based on their gender to promote fairness.
(b) Ensuring equal rights, responsibilities, and opportunities for all genders.
(c) Giving preferential treatment to women in all aspects of society.
(d) Maintaining traditional gender roles to preserve cultural values.
9. Political parties play a crucial role in the functioning of a democracy. Which of the following are
functions of political parties in a democracy?
1. Contest elections
2. Formulate policies and programs
3. Ensure military control over government
4. Provide a platform for public debate
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1 and 4
10. How does democracy contribute to the social development of a country like India?
(a) By restricting access to social services and maintaining traditional structures.
(b) By promoting inclusive policies, ensuring equal opportunities, and addressing social inequalities.
(c) By prioritizing economic growth over social welfare and education.
(d) By centralizing decision-making processes and reducing community involvement.
11. Belgium is known for its power-sharing model. Which of the following are key features of the
power-sharing arrangement in Belgium?
1. Equal representation of Dutch and French-speaking communities in the central government.
2. Special laws require the support of the majority of each linguistic group.
3. Power is concentrated in the hands of the majority community.
4. Community government exists for cultural, educational, and language-related matters.
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 4

Statement I: In a federal system, both the central and state governments have their own powers
and responsibilities.
Statement II: In India, the central government can unilaterally abolish state governments without
any constitutional provisions.
13. The Indian Constitution provides equality before the law and prohibits discrimination on the basis
of _______, caste, religion, or place of birth.
(a) Education (b) Gender
(c) Wealth (d) Profession
14. What is globalization, and how has it impacted the Indian economy?
(a) Globalization refers to the isolation of national economies, reducing trade and investment
opportunities.
(b) Globalization is the integration of national economies through trade, investment, and technology
exchange, boosting economic growth in India.
(c) Globalization involves the strict regulation of international trade, limiting India’s economic
expansion.
(d) Globalization focuses solely on cultural exchange without affecting economic activities in India.
15. Development has different meanings for different people. Which of the following best describes
development for a rural farmer?
1. Access to modern agricultural tools
2. A high salary in an urban job
3. Better education for their children
4. Owning a large piece of farmland
Options :
(a) 1 and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1, 3, and 4 (d) Only 2
16. The primary sector in India involves activities such as agriculture, fishing, and _______ that
directly extract or use natural resources.
(a) Transport (b) Mining
(c) Retail (d) Tourism

Statement I: Money serves as a medium of exchange, a unit of account, and a store of value.
Statement II: Credit involves lending and borrowing money with interest.

18. Match the columns P and column Q and select correct option :
Column P Column Q
A. MNCs buy at cheap rates from small producers 1. Automobiles machinery hemo.
B. Quotas and taxes on imports are used to regulate 2. Garments, foot wear, sports.
trade items.
C. Indian companies who have invested abroad. 3. Call centres.
D. IT has helped in spreading of production of services. 4. Tata Motors, Infosys, Ranbaxy
E. Several MNCs have invested in setting up factories in 5. Trade barriers
India for production.
Option :
(a) A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 5, E - 1
(b) A - 2, B - 1, C - 3, D - 5, E - 4
(c) A - 4, B - 1, C - 2, D - 3, E - 5
(d) A - 2, B - 5, C - 4, D - 3, E - 1
What is the significance of 22 percent land under forests?

(a) It provides timber and forest products.
(b) It is mostly used for industrial purposes.
(c) It is reserved for urban development.
(d) It helps in mineral extraction.
State Annual Rainfall (in mm) Irrigated Area (% of total cultivated land)
C 1200 40%
D 600 75%
Why does state D have a higher percentage of irrigated area despite lower rainfall?
(a) It has abundant river systems.
(b) It has better water conservation methods.
(c) It has fewer water storage facilities.
(d) It depends solely on rain-fed agriculture.
SECTION - B
21. “World War I transformed global political boundaries.” Justify the statement with suitable
arguments.
O
“The Treaty of Versailles was a catalyst for World War II.” Discuss the reasons why the Treaty of
Versailles contributed to the outbreak of World War II.
22. “Water scarcity is a growing global concern.” Explain the reasons behind it.
23. “Gender equality is fundamental to a just society.” Justify the statement with suitable arguments.
24. “Money facilitates trade by eliminating the inefficiencies of barter.” Justify the statement with
suitable arguments.
SECTION - C
25. Over the past few decades, the number of banking institutions in India has increased, enhancing
financial inclusion. As a result, banking has become a fundamental part of India’s financial system.
Why has the banking sector become so important in India? Support your answer by giving any
three reasons.
26. “The invention of the printing press revolutionized the dissemination of knowledge.” Explain the
statement by giving suitable examples.
27. “Rohit has started organic farming on his land and wants to improve soil fertility naturally. He is
unfamiliar with organic farming techniques.” Assist him in identifying effective organic farming
practices to enhance soil fertility.
O
“Anjali plans to cultivate multiple crops on her farm to increase productivity. However, she is
unsure about crop rotation and its benefits.” Guide her in understanding and implementing crop
rotation to improve farm productivity.

28. “Political parties play a crucial role in a democracy.” Explain the statement by giving any three
examples.
29. With the influx of foreign direct investment (FDI), India’s industrial sector has seen substantial
growth and modernization. Consequently, FDI has become a key driver of India’s economic
development. Why has foreign direct investment become so significant in India? Support your
SECTION - D
30. ‘The Treaty of Vienna depicted the spirit of conservatism.’ Substantiate the statement with key
features of the treaty.
O
‘The Industrial Revolution played a crucial role in the rise of nationalism in Europe.’ Explain the
statement with relevant points.
31. Ravi’s village is located near a coal mine, and he is concerned about its environmental impact.
What are the environmental consequences of coal mining, and how can these be mitigated?
O
Meena observes that the use of renewable energy is increasing in her town. What are the benefits
of renewable energy sources, and why should they be promoted over non-renewable resources?
32. ‘Democracy is expected to produce a responsive and accountable government.’ Explain how
democracy ensures accountability.
O
‘The outcomes of democracy must be measured in terms of both political and social indicators.’
Analyse the broader outcomes of democracy.
33. Miss X wants to improve the economic condition of her village. She strongly believes that human
development is a key factor for sustained growth. How can investments in education, healthcare, and
social services contribute to the overall development of her region, and how can this improvement
lead to economic progress? Provide examples and reasons to support your answer.
O
Mr. P, from a well-developed city, moves to a rural area and finds that despite economic growth,
basic amenities like clean water and schools are lacking. How does this reflect the concept of
development? Suggest ways to improve development in such areas, focusing on both economic and
social factors.

SECTION - E
34. Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follows:
Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in January 1915. As you know, he had come from South Africa
where he had successfully fought the racist-regime with a novel method of mass agitation, which
he called satyagaha. It suggested that if the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice,
then physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor. Without seeking vengeance or being
aggressive, a satyagrahi could win the battle through non-violence.
On l3 April a large crowd gathered in the enclosed ground of Jallianwalla Bagh. Some came to
protest against the government’s new repressive measures. Other had come to attend the annual
Baisakhi fair. Being from outside the city, many villagers were unaware of the martial law that had
been imposed. Dyer entered the area, blocked the exit points, and opened fire on the crowd killing
hundreds.
The movement started with middle-class participation in the cities. Thousands of students left
government-controlled schools and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned and lawyers gave up
their legal practices. The council elections were boycotted in most provinces except Madras.
Questions :
1. What do you mean by the idea of Satyagraha?
2. By which episode most of the people gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh?
3. Which movement was talking about in the paragraph? What does it mean to the people?
35. Read the given case and answer the questions that follow :
Challenges faced by the Jute industry include stiff competition in the international market from
synthetic substitutes and from other competitors like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and
Thailand. However, the internal demand has been on the increase due to the Government policy of
mandatory use of jute packaging. To stimulate demand, the products need to be diversified. In 2005,
National Jute Policy was formulated with the objective of increasing productivity, improving quality,
ensuring good prices to the jute farmers and enhancing the yield per hectare. The main markets are
U.S.A., Canada, Russia, United Arab Republic, U.K. and Australia. The growing global concern
for environment friendly, biodegradable materials, has once again opened the opportunity for jute
products.
Questions :
1. Mention any two challenges faced by ‘jute industry’ in India.
2. What was the main objective of National Jute Policy formulated in 2005 ?
3. How has jute industry once again opened the new opportunities for its products ?

Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948. The leaders of the Sinhala community sought
to secure dominance over government by virtue of their majority. As a result, the democratically
elected government adopted a series of MAJORITARIAN measures to establish Sinhala supremacy.
In 1956, an Act was passed to recognise Sinhala as the only official language, thus disregarding
Tamil.
The Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil as an official
language, for regional autonomy and equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs. But
their demand for more autonomy to provinces populated by the Tamils was repeatedly denied. By
1980’s several political organisations were formed demanding an independent Tamil Eelam (state)
in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka.
The Belgian leaders took a different path. They recognised the existence of regional differences and
cultural diversities. Between 1970 and 1993, they amended their constitution four times so as to
work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same country. The
arrangement they worked out is different from any other country and is very innovative.
Questions:
1. Which act recognises the Sinhala as the only official language?
2. Who launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil as an official language?
3. How many time Belgium amended their constitution?
SECTION-F
37. (a) Two places (A) and (B) have been marked on the given outline map of India.
Identify them and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them.
(A) The place where Indian National Congress session was held in December 1920.
(B) The place where Salt Law was broken by Mahatma Gandhi.
(b) On the same outline map of India, locate and label any three of the following with suitable
Symbols:
(i) Paradwip-Major Seaport
(ii) Noida-Software Technology Park
(iii)Salem-Iron and Steel industry
(iv) Kalpakkam-Nuclear Power Plant
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Sample Paper 04
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A
1. Identify the picture-
(a) Tripitaka Korena (b) Diamond sutra

(c) Ukiyo (d) Jikji
2. Arrange the following events in the correct sequence and select correct option.
1. Frederic Sorrieu prepared a series of 4 paintings.
2. French Revolution.
3. Napoleon was defeated.
4. Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed the king of united Italy.
(a) 3, 4, 1, 2 (b) 2, 3, 1, 4
(c) 1, 2, 3, 4 (d) 4, 3, 2, 1
3. The Non-Cooperation Movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920 aimed to achieve which
of the following objectives?
(a) To demand complete independence through non-violent means and self-rule.
(b) To overthrow British rule by using armed rebellion and force.
(c) To promote cooperation between Indians and the British government for reforms.
(d) To negotiate for dominion status with limited self-government under British rule.
4. The ‘Silk Route’ was an important trade route that linked the East and the West. Which of the
following goods were commonly traded along the Silk Route?
1. Silk and spices
2. Precious metals like gold and silver
3. Slaves and textiles
4. Cotton and sugar
Options :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1, 2, and 3
(c) 2 and 4 (d) 1 and 4
5. Which of the following crops is grown mainly in regions with high temperatures and heavy rainfall
in India?
(a) Wheat, which is suited for cooler climates and requires moderate rainfall.
(b) Rice, which thrives in areas with high temperatures and abundant water.
(c) Maize, which can grow in a variety of climates but requires moderate rainfall.
(d) Barley, which is primarily grown in cooler regions with low rainfall.
6. Minerals and energy resources are crucial for India’s development. Identify the correct statements.
1. Coal is the most abundant mineral resource in India.
2. India is the largest producer of bauxite in the world.
3. Petroleum is primarily extracted from the eastern regions of India.
4. Renewable energy sources are negligible in India’s energy mix.
Options:

7. Choose the correct option from columns A and B.

Column A Column B
A. Chandrapur Thermal power plant 1 Odisha
B. Mayurbhanj iron ore mines 2. Amarkantak
C. Kalol oil fields 3. Gujarat
D. Bauxite mines 4. Jharkhand
Option :
(a) A - 4, B - 1, C - 3, D - 2 (b) A - 4, B - 2, C - 3, D - 1
(c) A - 3, B - 2, C - 4, D - 1 (d) A - 3, B - 1, C -4, D - 2
8. Why are political parties considered essential for the functioning of a democracy?
(a) They concentrate power in the hands of a few leaders to ensure efficient governance.
(b) They provide a platform for representing diverse interests and forming governments.
(c) They eliminate the need for elections by controlling all aspects of governance.
(d) They focus solely on maintaining law and order without engaging in policy-making.
9. Democracy provides people with the opportunity to choose their representatives. Which of the
following are outcomes of democratic elections?
1. Free and fair elections
2. Choice of multiple political parties
3. Representation of all social groups
4. Government accountability to the people
Options :
(a) 1, 3, and 4 (b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 4 (d) 1 and 3
10. Which principle ensures that no single branch of government in India becomes too powerful,
thereby maintaining a balance of power?
(a) Federalism (b) Separation of Powers
(c) Judicial Review (d) Parliamentary Sovereignty
11. Federalism allows for the division of powers between different levels of government. Which of the
following subjects fall under the State List in India’s federal system?
1. Police and public order
2. Defense and foreign affairs
3. Agriculture
4. Communication
Options :
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1, 3, and 4 (d) 2 and 3


Statement I: The Indian Constitution provides for the abolition of untouchability.
Statement II: Discrimination based on caste is still prevalent in many parts of India despite
constitutional provisions.
13. In India, the Election Commission is responsible for recognizing political parties as either
_______ parties or regional parties based on their performance in elections.
(a) National (b) Parliamentary
(c) State (d) Local
14. Which of the following indicators is commonly used to measure the economic development of a
country by assessing its overall wealth and standard of living?
(a) Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which calculates the total economic output.
(b) Literacy Rate, which measures the educational attainment of the population.
(c) Life Expectancy, which indicates the average lifespan of citizens.
(d) Human Development Index (HDI), which combines multiple social and economic factors.
15. The three sectors of the economy (primary, secondary, and tertiary) are interdependent. Which of
the following statements about the Indian economy are correct?
1. The primary sector includes agriculture and related activities.
2. The tertiary sector provides services like education and healthcare.
3. The secondary sector produces raw materials for the primary sector.
4. The tertiary sector is the largest employer in India.
Options :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1, 2, and 4 (d) 3 and 4
16. In modern economies, most transactions are made using _______ money, such as currency
notes and bank deposits, which are widely accepted as a medium of exchange.
(a) Barter (b) Commodity
(c) Plastic (d) Paper

Statement I: Globalization leads to increased interconnectedness of economies around the world.
Statement II: Globalization has no impact on cultural exchange.

18. Match the following and choose correct option:

Problems faced by farming sector Some possible measures
1. Unirrigated land A. a Setting up agro-based mills
2. Low prices for crops B. b Cooperative marketing societies
3. Debt burden C. c Procurement of food grains by government
4. No job in the off season D. d Construction of canals by the government
5. Compelled to sell their grains to the E. e Banks to provide credit with low interest
local traders soon after harvest
(a) 1-A 2-B 3-C 4-D 5-E
(b) 1-D 2-C 3-E 4-A 5-B
(c) 1-C 2-D 3-E 4-A 5-B
(d) 1-B 2-C 3-E 4-D 5-A
Why do tropical deciduous forests cover 35% of the total forest cover?
(a) These forests are found in high-altitude regions.
(b) They shed their leaves in the dry season.
(c) They are found in the coastal areas.
(d) They are mostly located in desert regions.
State Wheat Production (in tons per hectare) Rice Production (in tons per hectare)
E 3 4.5
F 2.5 6
Why does state F have higher rice production compared to wheat production?
(a) It has better soil for rice cultivation.
(b) It has fewer farmers involved in wheat farming.
(c) It lacks rice cultivation techniques.
(d) It has poor irrigation facilities.

SECTION - B
21. “Gutenberg’s printing press revolutionized information dissemination.” Justify the statement with
suitable arguments.
O
“The printing press played a crucial role in the Reformation.” Explain how the printing press
influenced the Protestant Reformation.
22. “Green Revolution transformed Indian agriculture.” Explain its impact.
23. “Political parties are essential for democratic functioning.” Justify the statement with suitable
arguments.
24. “Globalization has led to greater interdependence among nations.” Justify the statement with
suitable arguments.
SECTION - C
25. Since the economic liberalization in 1991, India’s trade with other countries has increased
significantly, enhancing export and import activities. As a result, international trade has become
a vital part of India’s economy. Why has international trade become so important for India’s
economy? Support your answer by giving any three reasons.
26. “The French Revolution created a sense of national unity and identity.” Explain the statement by
27. “Arun is exploring investment opportunities in the mining sector but is unsure about the key
minerals found in his region.” Help him identify the major minerals available in his area and their
potential uses.
O
“Nisha wants to set up a small-scale energy plant using renewable resources. She is unfamiliar
with the types of renewable energy suitable for her location.” Guide her in identifying the most
appropriate renewable energy sources for her area based on local conditions.
28. “Democracy promotes equality among citizens.” Explain the statement by giving any three
examples.

29. In the last few decades, India has made significant progress in reducing poverty levels through
various government initiatives. As a result, poverty alleviation has become a major focus in India’s
development agenda. Why is poverty alleviation crucial for India’s overall development? Support
your answer by giving any three reasons.
SECTION - D
30. ‘The Partition of Bengal ignited the nationalist movement in India.’ Substantiate the statement
with key features.
O
‘The Non-Cooperation Movement was a significant phase in India’s struggle for independence.’
Justify the statement with suitable arguments.
31. Sunil notices that industries in his town are polluting the nearby river. What are the environmental
impacts of industrial pollution, and what steps can industries take to reduce pollution?
O
Rani’s town is known for its textile industry, but many workers face poor working conditions.
What are the challenges faced by workers in the manufacturing sector, and how can their working
conditions be improved?
32. ‘Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy.’ Analyse the statement with relevant points.
O
‘Belgium’s model of power sharing helped to avoid a civil war.’ Justify this statement with suitable
examples.
33. Miss X is interested in understanding why the tertiary sector has grown faster than the primary
and secondary sectors in recent years. Explain the reasons for the rapid growth of the tertiary
sector, particularly in services like IT, healthcare, and education, and how this shift has impacted
the Indian economy.
O
Ramesh, a fisherman (primary sector), sells his catch to traders who process and package it
(secondary sector), and then it’s sold in urban markets (tertiary sector). How do these sectors
interact, and what role does each play in the economy?

SECTION - E
34. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow :
The exchange of goods among people, states and countries is referred to as trade. The market is
the place where such exchanges take place. Trade between two countries is called international
trade. It may take place through sea, air or land routes. While local trade is carried in cities, towns
and villages, state level trade is carried between two or more states. Advancement of international
trade of a country is an index to its economic prosperity. It is, therefore, considered the economic
barometer for a country.
As the resources are space bound, no country can survive without international trade. Export and
import are the components of trade. The balance of trade of a country is the difference between its
export and import. When the value of export exceeds the value of imports, it is called a favourable
balance of trade. On the contrary, if the value of imports exceeds the value of exports, it is termed
as unfavourable balance of trade.
India has trade relations with all the major trading blocks and all geographical regions of the world.
The commodities exported from India to other countries include gems and jewellery, chemicals and
related products, agriculture and allied products, etc.
The commodities imported to India include petroleum crude and products, gems and jewellery,
chemicals and related products, base metals, electronic items, machinery, agriculture and allied
products. India has emerged as a software giant at the international level and it is earning large
foreign exchange through the export of information technology.
Questions :
1. What do you mean by international trade?
2. What is meant by favourable and unfavourable balance of trade?
3. What are the commodities export and imported by India in international trade?
The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down is described as soil erosion. The
processes of soil formation and erosion go on simultaneously and generally there is a balance
between the two. Sometimes, this balance is disturbed due to human activities like deforestation,
over-grazing, construction and mining etc., while natural forces like wind, glacier and water lead to
soil erosion. The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels as gullies.
The land becomes unfit for cultivation and is known as bad land. In the Chambal basin such lands
are called ravines. Sometimes water flows as a sheet over large areas down a slope. In such cases
the top soil is washed away. This is known as sheet erosion. Wind blows loose soil off flat or sloping
land known as wind erosion. Soil erosion is also caused due to defective methods of farming.
Ploughing in a wrong way i.e. up and down the slope form channels for the quick flow of water
leading to soil erosion.
Ploughing along the contour lines can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes. This is called
contour ploughing. Steps can be cut out on the slopes making terraces. Terrace cultivation restricts
erosion. Western and central Himalayas have well developed terrace farming. Large fields can be
divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops. This breaks up the force of the
wind. This method is known as strip cropping. Planting lines of trees to create shelter also works
in a similar way. Rows of such trees are called shelter belts. These shelter belts have contributed
significantly to the stabilisation of sand dunes and in stabilising the desert in western India.
Questions:
1. The balance of soil formation and erosion is disturbed due to human activities. Give one
example to prove the statement.
2. What is soil conservation?
3. Differentiate between gully erosion and sheet erosion.
DECENTRALISATION IN INDIA
This new system of local government is the largest experiment in democracy conducted anywhere in
the world. There are now about 36 lakh elected representatives in the panchayats and municipalities
etc., all over the country. This number is bigger then the population of many countries in the
world. Constitutional status for local government has helped to deepen democracy in our country.
It has also increased women’s representation and voice in our democracy. At the same time,
there are many difficulties. While elections are held regularly of Panchayats and people participate
enthusiastically in it but meetings of gram sabhas are not held regularly.
Questions :
1. Why is Indian decentralisation considered as the largest experiment in democracy ?
2. Analyse how constitutional status for local government has helped to deepen democracy in
India ?
3. Explain any two steps taken by the Indian Government for decentralisation.
SECTION-F
A. The location of the Indian National Congress Session of 1927.
B. A place where Gandhiji ceremonially violated the Salt Law and manufactured salt by
boiling salt sea water.
symbols.
C. A major port on the South-East coast of India.
D. A major sugarcane producing state.
E. A Software Technology Park
F. A major dam in Odisha.
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Sample Paper 05
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A
1. Study the picture and answer the following question-
Who designed the cover of German almanac?

(a) Otto von Bismarck (b) Andreas Rebmann
(c) Giuseppe Mazzini (d) Napoleon
2. Arrange the following events in the ascending year of their occurrence :-

1. Poona Act
2. Mahatma Gandhi got arrested
3. Gandhi Irwin Pact
4. Bhagat singh and two others were sentenced to death
Options :
(a) 1, 4, 2, 3 (b) 2, 3, 4, 1
(c) 4, 2, 3, 1 (d) 2, 1, 4, 3
3. The Great Depression of 1929 had a devastating impact on the global economy. Which was a
primary cause?
(a) The collapse of the stock market in the United States, leading to economic instability worldwide.
(b) The end of colonialism, which disrupted trade and investment between Europe and Asia.
(c) The rapid industrialization of Africa and South America, which caused a decline in European
markets.
(d) The invention of steam engines, which reduced demand for labor in Europe and the US.
4. In colonial India, print culture played a significant role in spreading nationalist ideas. Which of
the following contributed to the growth of print culture in India?
1. Establishment of printing presses in the 19th century
2. Growth of vernacular languages
3. Rise of reform movements
4. Suppression of political dissent by the British
Options :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1, 2, and 3
(c) 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 3
5. Which of the following is a conventional source of energy that is widely used for generating
electricity in India?
(a) Wind energy, which is a renewable source of energy.
(b) Coal, which is a fossil fuel and the main source of electricity generation.
(c) Solar energy, which is increasingly being used in some regions.
(d) Biomass energy, which is derived from organic matter.
6. Manufacturing industries are essential for India’s economic growth. Identify the correct statements.
1. The textile industry is one of the oldest and largest manufacturing sectors in India.
2. The automobile industry in India primarily produces vehicles for domestic consumption only.
3. Small-scale industries contribute significantly to employment in India.
4. Information technology is not considered a part of manufacturing industries.
Options:

7. Match the following items given in column-I with those in column-II. Choose the correct answer
from the codes given below :
Column-I Column-II
A. Contour ploughing 1. Planting lines of trees.
B. Strip cropping 2. Western and Eastern Himalaya.
C. Shelter belts 3. Grass are left to grow between crops.
D. Terrace cultivation 4. Decelerate the flow of water
Option :
(a) A - 4, B - 3, C - 1, D - 2
(b) A - 4, B - 1, C - 3, D - 2
(c) A - 3, B - 4, C - 2, D - 1
(d) A - 3, B - 4, C - 1, D - 2
8. Which of the following is a positive outcome of democracy in India?

(a) Increased political participation and representation of diverse groups.
(b) Concentration of power in the hands of a few individuals.
(c) Suppression of dissenting voices and opposition parties.
(d) Limited access to education and healthcare services.
9. Power-sharing is an essential feature of democracy. Which of the following statements about

power-sharing are correct?
1. Power is concentrated in the hands of the majority.
2. Power is shared among different levels of government.
3. Power-sharing helps reduce the possibility of conflict in society.
4. Power is divided equally among all citizens.
Options :
(a) 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 4
(c) 2 and 4 (d) 1 and 3
10. Which list in the Indian Constitution contains subjects on which only the central government can
legislate?
(a) State List (b) Concurrent List
(c) Union List (d) Regional List
11. Religious diversity is a defining characteristic of India. Which of the following statements about
secularism in India are correct?
1. The government recognizes one religion as the official religion.
2. The state treats all religions equally.
3. Citizens are free to practice any religion.
4. Religious communities are required to follow government-imposed practices.
Options :
(a) 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 4
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 2 and 4


Statement I: Political parties are essential for the functioning of a democracy.
Statement II: All political parties in India must be registered under the Representation of the
People Act.
13. One of the key outcomes of democracy is the promotion of _______ equality, where every
adult citizen has the right to vote regardless of their social or economic status.
(a) Political (b) Economic
(c) Religious (d) Gender
14. How does the secondary sector contribute to the Indian economy?
(a) By providing services such as education, healthcare, and banking.
(b) By transforming raw materials into finished goods through manufacturing and construction.
(c) By engaging in activities related to information technology and research.
(d) By focusing on agricultural production and resource extraction.
15. Credit plays an important role in the economy by providing financial resources to individuals and
businesses. Which of the following are advantages of taking credit?
1. Ability to purchase expensive goods and services
2. Increased ability to start or expand a business
3. No need to pay back the borrowed amount
4. Greater financial flexibility
Options :
(a) 1 and 4 (b) 1, 2, and 4
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 2 and 4
16. Multinational corporations (MNCs) are a key driver of globalization, as they operate in multiple
countries and often establish _______ in developing nations to reduce production costs.
(a) Offices (b) Industries
(c) Subsidiaries (d) Supply chains

Statement I: Human Development Index (HDI) measures economic development only.
Statement II: HDI includes indicators such as life expectancy, education, and per capita income.

18. Match the words in column A with suitable options in column B.

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
A. Silk routes 1. Institution set-up to finance postwar reconstruction.
B. G-77 2. Carnival in Trinidad
C. Canal colonies 3. Pre-modern trade links
D. World Bank 4. Countries demanding a new international economic order
E. Hosay 5. Semi-desert wastes in the Punjab transformed by irrigation
(a) A - 4, B - 1, C - 3, D - 2. E - 5
(b) A - 3, B - 4, C - 5, D - 1, E - 2
(c) A - 3, B - 4, C - 5, D - 1, E - 2
(d) A - 5, B - 3, C - 4, D - 1, E - 2
What is the significance of 50 percent of the land being used for wildlife sanctuaries?
(a) It helps in the conservation of biodiversity.
(b) It is primarily used for agricultural purposes.
(c) It promotes urban development.
(d) It is used for grazing livestock.
State Coal Production (in million tons) Iron Ore Production (in million tons)
G 15 20
H 10 25
Why does state H have higher iron ore production than coal production?
(a) It has more iron ore reserves.
(b) It has a higher demand for coal.
(c) It lacks the technology for coal mining.
(d) It imports iron ore from other states.

SECTION - B
21. “Napoleon played a crucial role in spreading nationalist ideas across Europe.” Explain how
Napoleon contributed to European nationalism.
O
“Unification of Germany was largely driven by nationalist movements.” Justify the statement with
suitable arguments.
22. “Coal is a vital energy resource in India.” Explain its significance.
23. “Democracy ensures accountability of the government.” Justify the statement with suitable
arguments.
24. “Poverty is the most serious obstacle to development.” Explain why this is true.
SECTION - C
25. Between 1980 and 2020, India’s healthcare facilities have expanded, resulting in improved health
outcomes and increased life expectancy. Consequently, the healthcare sector has become a key
component of India’s development. Why has the healthcare sector become so vital in India’s
development process? Support your answer by giving any three reasons.
26. “Mahatma Gandhi’s leadership transformed the nature of the Indian national movement.” Explain
the statement by giving suitable examples.
27. “Rahul wants to start a small-scale garment manufacturing unit. However, he is unfamiliar with
the raw materials and machinery required.” Assist him in identifying the essential raw materials
and machinery needed for garment manufacturing.
O
“Sneha plans to establish an automobile assembly plant but lacks knowledge about the critical
factors for setting up such an industry.” Guide her in identifying the key factors necessary for
establishing a successful automobile assembly plant.
28. “Power sharing is necessary to prevent dictatorship.” Explain the statement by giving any three
examples.

29. With the advent of information technology, the IT sector in India has experienced significant
growth, attracting foreign investments. Consequently, the IT sector has become a key driver of
India’s economic development. Why has the IT sector become so influential in India’s economy?
SECTION - D
30. The Industrial Revolution transformed the global economy.’ Justify the statement with suitable
arguments.
O
‘The Scramble for Africa was a direct consequence of European imperialism.’ Substantiate the
31. Ravi notices that many rivers in his region are highly polluted. What are the main causes of water
pollution, and what measures can be taken to control it?
O
Rani sees that a nearby dam project has displaced many families. What are the advantages and
disadvantages of large dam projects, and how can displacement issues be addressed?
32. ‘Federalism promotes unity while respecting diversity.’ Analyse this statement with relevant points.
O
‘India’s federal structure is unique due to its union of states.’ Explain the features of Indian
federalism.
33. Mr. Y is learning about the role of banks in the modern economy. How do commercial banks create
credit, and why is the availability of credit important for promoting investment and economic
growth?
O
A small business owner is denied a loan from a bank due to lack of collateral. How does the lack
of formal credit access affect small businesses, and what alternatives could help entrepreneurs get
the credit they need?

SECTION - E
34. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:
Gutenberg was the son of a merchant and grew up on a large agricultural estate. From his childhood,
he had seen wine and olive presses. Subsequently, he learnt the art of polishing stones, became a
master goldsmith, and also acquired the expertise to create lead moulds used for making trinkets.
Drawing on this knowledge, Gutenberg adapted existing technology to design his innovation. The
olive press provided the model for the printing press, and moulds were used for casting the metal
types for the letters of the alphabet. By 1448, Gutenberg perfected the system. The first book he
printed was the Bible. About 180 copies were printed and it took three years to produce them. By
the standards of the time this was fast production.
Questions:
1. Who was Gutenberg?
2. What were some of the professional skills acquired by Gutenberg?
3. What contribution was made by Gutenberg in the field of press?
The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down is described as soil erosion. The
processes of soil formation and erosion, go on simultaneously, and generally there is balance between
the two.
Sometimes, this balance is disturbed due to human activities like deforestation, over-grazing,
construction and mining, etc. While natural forces like wind, glacier and water lead to soil erosion,
the running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels as gullies.
The land becomes unfit for cultivation and is known as bad land. In the Chambal basin, such lands
are called ravines. Sometimes, water flows as sheet over large areas down a slope. In such cases the
top soil is washed away. This is known as sheet erosion.
Wind blows loose soil off flat or sloping land known as wind erosion. Soil erosion is also caused due
to defective methods of farming. Ploughing in a wrong way i.e. up and down the slope from channels
for the quick flow of water leading to soil erosion.
Ploughing along the contour lines can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes. This is called
contour ploughing. Steps can be cut out on the slopes making terraces. Terrace cultivation restricts
erosion. Western and Central Himalayas have well developed terrace farming. Large field can be
divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops.
This breaks up the force of the wind. This method is known as strip cropping. Planting line of trees
to create shelter also works in similar way. Rows of such trees are called shelter belts. These shelter
belts have contributed significantly to the stabilisation of sand dunes and in stabilising the desert
in Western India.
Questions :
1. Are humans responsible for soil erosion? If yes, How?
2. What are the negative consequences of deforestation over soil erosion?
3. State any two positive and negative impacts of soil erosion on biodiversity.
How many languages do we have in India ? The answer depends on how one counts it. The latest
information that we have is from the Census of India held in 2011. This census recorded more than
1300 distinct languages which people mentioned as their mother tongues. These languages were
grouped together under some major languages. For example languages like Bhojpuri, Magadhi,
Bundelkhandi, Chhattisgarhi, Rajasthani and many others were grouped together under ‘Hindi’.
Even after this grouping, the Census found 121 major languages. Of these 22 languages are now
included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution and are therefore called ‘Scheduled
Languages’. Others are called ‘Non-Scheduled Languages’. In terms of languages, India is perhaps
the most diverse country in the world.
Questions :
1. Explain the importance of language diversity in India.
2. Differentiate between Scheduled and Non-Scheduled Languages.
3. The fusion of languages has united the country into one cultural entity.’ Explain the statement
with an example.
SECTION-F
(A) Peasant Satyagrah in Gujarat.
(B) Jallianwalla Bagh incident
(b) On the same outline map of India, locate and label any 3 of the following with suitable
symbols.
(i) A place where Arid soil is found
(ii) Tungabhadra Dam
(iii)Largest producer of tea in India.
(iv) Mumbai High
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Sample Paper 06
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A
1. Study the following picture and choose the correct option :
(a) Women were neither encouraged nor allowed to join national freedom movement.
(b) For the first time women joined nationalist processions in masses.
(c) Britishers were not very much concerned about such movements.
(d) Women were forced to join the freedom movements.
2. Arrange the following events in the correct sequence-

1. The great depression on the Indian economy
2. The death of men of working-age in Europe because of the world war
3. The British government’s decision to abolish the corn laws
4. The decision of MNCs to relocate production to Asian countries
Options :
(a) 1, 4, 2, 3 (b) 1, 1, 3, 4
(c) 2, 3, 1, 4 (d) 2, 1, 4, 3
3. The print revolution played a key role in spreading Reformation ideas in Europe during the 16th
century. How did this happen?
(a) Reformers printed books and pamphlets that reached a large audience, promoting their views.
(b) The Church used printing to suppress Reformation ideas and prevent public discussion.
(c) Reformers discouraged the use of printing, relying solely on oral debates.
(d) Printing limited the spread of Reformation ideas to only a few educated elites.
4. The unification of Germany is considered one of the key events in 19th-century European history.
Which of the following events is associated with the unification of Germany?
1. The leadership of Otto von Bismarck
2. The defeat of Napoleon III
3. The Congress of Vienna
4. The Treaty of Versailles
Options :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 4 (d) 1 and 4
5. Which of the following industries is known as the backbone of industrial development in India?
(a) Information Technology industry, focused on software services.
(b) Iron and steel industry, which provides raw materials for other industries.
(c) Textile industry, which is important but not the backbone.
(d) Cement industry, which is vital but not the backbone of development.
6. The following are characteristics of Kharif crops in India. Identify the correct statements.
1. Kharif crops are sown during the monsoon season.
2. Examples include rice, maize, and cotton.
3. They require minimal rainfall and are drought-resistant.
4. Harvesting typically occurs between March and June.
Options:
7. Choose the incorrect option from column A and column B.

Column A Column B
(Developmental goals/Aspirations) (Category of Person)
(a) Landless rural labourers More days of work and better wages
(b) Prosperous farmers from Punjab Availability of other sources of irrigation
(c) Farmers who depend only on rain for Assured a higher support prices for their
growing crops crops
(d) A rural woman from a land owning family Regular job and high wages to increase her
income
8. In the context of power sharing, what role does the judiciary play in maintaining the balance of
power in India?
(a) It executes laws and ensures that governmental actions comply with the Constitution.
(b) It creates laws and manages the legislative processes within the government.
(c) It interprets laws and acts as a check on the executive and legislative branches.
(d) It oversees the financial management and economic policies of the government.
9. Federalism promotes decentralization of power. Which of the following statements are features of
federalism in India?
1. There are two levels of government – Union and State.
2. The Constitution divides powers between different levels of government.
3. Only the central government has the authority to make laws.
4. Local governments are the most powerful level of government.
Options :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 2 and 4 (d) 1 and 4
10. How does Religious Pluralism contribute to the social fabric of India?
(a) By encouraging the dominance of one religion over others.
(b) By fostering mutual respect and coexistence among diverse religious communities.
(c) By eliminating all religious differences and promoting secularism exclusively.
(d) By segregating different religious groups to prevent conflict.
11. India has both national and regional political parties. Which of the following are examples of
national political parties in India?
1. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
2. Indian National Congress (INC)
3. Shiv Sena
4. Communist Party of India (CPI)
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 2 and 4


Statement I: Regular elections are a feature of a democratic system.
Statement II: Authoritarian regimes also conduct regular free and fair elections.
13. In Sri Lanka, the government adopted a _______ policy, which gave preferential treatment to
the Sinhala-speaking majority, leading to tensions with the Tamil-speaking minority.
(a) Federal (b) Majoritarian
(c) Secular (d) Liberal
14. What is the primary function of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in regulating money supply?
(a) To distribute currency notes to commercial banks and the public.
(b) To set interest rates, control inflation, and manage the country’s monetary policy.
(c) To provide loans to individual customers and businesses directly.
(d) To oversee foreign exchange transactions and international trade agreements.
15. Multinational corporations (MNCs) play a significant role in the process of globalization. Which
of the following are characteristics of MNCs?
1. They operate in multiple countries.
2. They produce goods only in their home countries.
3. They invest in foreign economies.
4. They focus on local markets only.
Options :
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 4
16. Development for some may mean achieving a high income, while for others, it may mean greater
access to _______ facilities such as health and education.
(a) Economic (b) Basic
(c) Employment (d) Agricultural

Statement I: The secondary sector deals with the production of services.
Statement II: The secondary sector includes industries like manufacturing and construction.

18. Match the following items given in column A with those in column B. Choose the correct answer
from the options given below :
Column A Column B
A. Rashsundari Debi 1. Chhote Aur Bade Ka Sawal
B. Sudarshan Chakra 2. Kesari
C. Kashibaba 3. Amar Jiban
D. Bal Gangadhar Tilak 4. Sacchi Kavitayen
Options
(a) A – 4, B – 1, C – 3, D – 2 (b) A – 4, B – 1, C – 2, D – 3
(c) A – 2, B – 1, C – 3, D – 4 (d) A – 3, B – 4, C – 1, D – 2
What is the importance of 45 percent land under reserved forests?

(a) It is used for growing timber for commercial use.
(b) It is primarily reserved for wildlife protection.
(c) It is left unused for future land development.
(d) It is mostly used for urban development.
Country Per Capita Income (in USD) Life Expectancy (in years)
X 2000 65
Y 15000 78
Why does country Y have a higher life expectancy compared to country X?
(a) It lacks industrial development.
(b) It has low population density.
(c) It has better healthcare facilities.
(d) It has higher birth rates.

SECTION - B
21. “Mahatma Gandhi’s principles were essential for India’s independence.” Explain how Gandhi’s
philosophy contributed to India’s freedom movement.
O
“The Swadeshi movement was a significant phase in Indian nationalism.” Justify this statement
22. “The textile industry is a major sector in India.” Explain its significance.
23. “The concept of cooperative federalism strengthens the unity of India.” Explain why cooperative
federalism is important.
24. “The secondary sector is the backbone of industrialization in India.” Explain why this is true.
SECTION - C
25. Between 1980 and 2020, India’s agricultural productivity has increased due to modern farming
techniques. Consequently, agriculture remains a crucial sector in India’s economy. Why does the
agricultural sector continue to play a vital role in India’s economy? Support your answer by giving
any three reasons.
26. “The Columbian Exchange had profound impacts on the global economy and societies.” Explain
27. “Geeta is concerned about water scarcity in her village. She wants to implement measures to
conserve and efficiently use water resources.” Assist her in identifying effective water conservation
and management strategies for her village.
O
“Ramesh intends to start a fishery business but is unsure about the water quality parameters
essential for successful fish farming.” Help him identify the crucial water quality parameters
necessary for fish farming.
28. “Federalism allows for diversity in governance.” Explain the statement by giving any three
examples.

29. In recent years, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has implemented various monetary policies to
control inflation and stabilize the economy. Consequently, RBI’s role has become central to India’s
financial stability. Why is the RBI’s role so crucial in India’s economy? Support your answer by
SECTION - D
30. Print media played a significant role in the dissemination of revolutionary ideas.’ Justify the
statement with suitable arguments.
O
‘The spread of education was facilitated by the growth of print culture.’ Substantiate the statement
with key features.
31. ChapRohit’s village faces severe soil erosion due to deforestation. What can be the reasons behind
this issue, and suggest five ways to manage the land resources to prevent further degradation.
O
Seema observes that different states in India have varied land use patterns. Identify five factors
that influence the land use pattern in a particular region.
32. ‘The Indian Constitution guarantees equal rights for all citizens irrespective of gender, religion, or
caste.’ Explain how the Constitution ensures equality.
O
‘Caste inequalities have been reduced but not eliminated in India.’ Analyse the current status of
caste-based inequalities in India.
33. Mr. Y is researching the role of multinational companies (MNCs) in India’s economy. How do MNCs
contribute to the globalization process and economic growth by bringing in foreign investment,
technology, and employment opportunities?
O
A multinational company sets up a manufacturing plant in India, employing local workers. How
does foreign direct investment (FDI) impact local businesses and job creation, and what are the
pros and cons of such investments?

SECTION - E
The Civil Code of 1804 – usually known as the Napoleonic Code – did away with all privileges based
on birth, established equality before the law and secured the right to property. This Code was exported
to the regions under French control. In the Dutch Republic, in Switzerland, in Italy and Germany,
Napoleon simplified administrative divisions, abolished the feudal system and freed peasants from
serfdom and manorial dues. In the towns too, guild restrictions were removed. Transport and
communication systems were improved. Peasants, artisans, workers and new businessmen enjoyed
a new-found freedom.
In Western and parts of Central Europe the growth of industrial production and trade meant the
growth of towns and the emergence of commercial classes whose existence was based on production
for the market. Industrialisation began in England in the second half of the eighteenth century, but
in France and parts of the German states it occurred only during the nineteenth century. In its
wake, new social groups came into being: a working-class population, and middle classes made up
of industrialists, businessmen, professionals.
Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European governments were driven by a spirit of
conservatism. Conservatives believed that established, traditional institutions of state and society
– like the monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, property and the family – should be preserved.
Most conservatives, however, did not propose a return to the society of pre-revolutionary days.
Rather, they realised, from the changes initiated by Napoleon, that modernisation could in fact
strengthen traditional institutions like the monarchy.
Questions :
1. What was the core concept of the Napoleonic Code?
2. Who were the new middle class in Europe?
3. What do you meant by conservatism?
35. Read the given source and answer the questions that follow:
Conservation strategies are not new in our country. We often ignore that in India, forests are
also home to some of the traditional communities. In some areas of India, local communities are
struggling to conserve these habitats along with government officials, recognising that only this will
secure their own long-term livelihood. In Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, villagers have fought
against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act. In many areas, villagers themselves are
protecting habitats and explicitly rejecting government involvement. The inhabitants of five villages
in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have declared 1,200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav
‘ Sonchuri’ , declaring their own set of rules and regulations which do not allow hunting, and are
protecting the wildlife against any outside encroachments.
Questions :
1. How are forests related with Communities?
2. Explain the aim of ‘Wildlife Protection Act.
3. How are communities working for the conservation of Wildlife ? Explain with example.
“Habitat destruction, hunting, poaching, over-exploitation, environmental pollution, poisoning and
forest fires are factors, which have led to the decline in India’s biodiversity. Other important
causes of environmental destruction are unequal access, inequitable consumption of resources and
differential sharing of responsibility for environmental well-being. Over-population in third world
countries is often cited as the cause of environmental degradation.”
Questions:
1. How has destruction of forests and wildlife affected the indigenous and other forest dependent
communities?
2. Why the conservation of forests and wildlife is valuable for human beings .?
36. Read the passage, observe the image given below and answer the questions that follow.
The cartoon above refers to the problems of running Germany’s grand coalition government that
includes the country’s two major parties, namely the Christian Democratic Union and the Social
Democratic Party. The two parties are rivals to each other. They had to form a coalition government
because neither of them got a clear majority of seats on their own in the 2005 elections. They take
divergent positions on several policy matters but jointly run the government.
Questions :
1. Which disadvantage of coalition governments is the image highlighting?
2. Why did the rival parties choose to make a coalition despite being rivals?
3. How does a democratic system, at times, cause such a challenge?

SECTION-F
37. (a) Two places A and B are marked on that given outline map of India. Identify them and write
A. A place where Civil Disobedience Movement started.
B. A place where Gandhiji went to organise a Satyagraha Movement amongst cotton mill
workers.
(b) On the same map of India, locate and label any three among the following with symbol.
C. Tehri Dam
D. Chennai Software Technology Park
E. Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport
F. Narora Nuclear Power Plant
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Sample Paper 07
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A
1. Study the picture and answer the following question :

Transportation of meat from America to Europe was possible only after-

(a) Reducing the tax of transportation.
(b) Development of a new technology namely, refrigerated ships.
(c) After exporting less amount of meat at a time.
(d) Exporting small animals on the place of bigger ones.
2. Arrange the following books in the ascending order of the dates of their publication-
1. ‘Kesari’ written by Balgangadhar Tilak.
2. ‘Gulamgiri’ written by Jyotiba Phule.
3. 1st printed edition of ‘The Ramcharitmanas of Tulsidas’.
4. ‘The Sambad Kaumudi’ published by Ram Mohan Roy.
Option:
(a) 3, 1, 2, 4 (b) 3, 4, 2, 1
(c) 4, 1, 3, 2 (d) 4, 3, 2, 1
3. Who was the primary leader responsible for the unification of Germany through the policy of
‘blood and iron’ ?
(a) Giuseppe Garibaldi, an Italian nationalist leader.
(b) Otto von Bismarck, the Chancellor of Prussia who led German unification.
(c) Napoleon Bonaparte, the French Emperor who sought European dominance.
(d) Victor Emmanuel II, the King of Sardinia-Piedmont and later Italy.
4. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 1919 was a turning point in India’s struggle for independence.
Which of the following were immediate consequences of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
1. End of the Rowlatt Satyagraha
2. Strengthening of nationalist sentiments
3. Formation of the Khilafat Committee
4. Call for complete independence from British rule
Options :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 2, 3, and 4 (d) 1, 3, and 4
5. Which river in India is considered to be the most polluted, facing serious challenges due to
industrial and domestic waste?
(a) The Brahmaputra, which flows through northeastern India and faces some pollution challenges.
(b) The Yamuna, which flows through the city of Delhi and is heavily polluted by sewage and
industrial waste.
(c) The Narmada, which is used for irrigation and has relatively clean waters compared to other
rivers.
(d) The Godavari, which is primarily used for irrigation but does not face serious pollution issues.

6. Conservation of forest is essential for maintaining ecological balance and supporting human
livelihoods. In India, one of the key practices undertaken in this direction is Joint Forest Management
(JFM). Identify the correct information related to Joint Forest Management.
1. It involves local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests.
2. The programme has been in formal existence since 1980.
3. Jharkhand passed the first resolution for Joint Forest Management.
4. The members of local village communities are entitled to intermediary benefits like non-timber
forest products.

List I (Types) ListII (Method)
A. Terrace farming 1. Different crops grown parallely
B. Strip cropping 2. Hill slopes are used as cultivable land in the form of flat
cut regions of slope
C. Contour ploughing 3. Along the slope of mountain
D. Crop rotation 4. Different crops grown in systematic succession
(a) A−1, B−4, C−3, D−2 (b) A−3, B−4, C−1, D−2
(c) A−4, B−1, C−3, D−2 (d) A−2, B−1, C−3, D−4
8. How does the Indian Constitution ensure a balance of power between the central and state
governments?
(a) By granting all legislative powers to the central government and ignoring state jurisdictions.
(b) By dividing powers through Union, State, and Concurrent Lists, clearly outlining each level’s
responsibilities.
(c) By allowing states to create their own constitutions independent of the central government.
(d) By centralizing all executive powers in the hands of the Prime Minister and the central
cabinet.
9. Caste has played an important role in Indian politics. Which of the following are examples of
caste-based political mobilization?
1. Political parties appealing to specific caste groups for votes
2. Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in legislatures
3. Campaigns promoting caste discrimination
4. Political parties ignoring caste issues
Options :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 3 and 4

10. How do political parties contribute to the policy-making process in a democracy?

(a) They implement policies without considering public opinion or needs.
(b) They formulate and propose policies that reflect their ideologies and the interests of their
supporters.
(c) They restrict policy-making to the executive branch, excluding legislative input.
(d) They focus only on electoral campaigns and do not engage in policy development.
11. Democracies aim to reduce inequalities in society. Which of the following are examples of social
outcomes of democracy?
1. Equal access to public services like healthcare and education
2. Representation of marginalized groups in decision-making
3. Discrimination based on social class
4. Freedom of expression and thought
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 3

Statement I: In India, power is shared between the Union and the States.
Statement II: The Union Government has absolute power over the States without any restrictions.
13. Federalism allows for multiple levels of government to exist, with power shared between the central
government and _______ governments in India.
(a) Panchayat (b) District
(c) State (d) City
14. How has foreign direct investment (FDI) influenced the industrial sector in India?
(a) FDI has led to the decline of Indian industries by promoting foreign ownership exclusively.
(b) FDI has provided capital, technology, and management expertise, fostering growth in Indian
industries.
(c) FDI has had no significant impact on the development of Indian industries.
(d) FDI has restricted the growth of Indian industries by imposing stringent regulations.
15. The Human Development Index (HDI) is an important indicator of development. Which of the
following are components of the HDI?
1. Life expectancy at birth
2. Gross national income (GNI) per capita
3. Educational attainment
4. Infant mortality rate
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 3 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 4 (d) Only 4

16. The contribution of the _______ sector to India’s GDP has been steadily increasing over the
years, reflecting its importance in providing services such as banking, education, and IT.
(a) Primary (b) Industrial
(c) Secondary (d) Tertiary

Statement I: Inflation refers to the general increase in prices of goods and services over time.
Statement II: Deflation is the opposite of inflation and leads to a decrease in the general price
level.
18. Arrange the following events in chronological order and choose the correct option from the following
:
I. Treaty of Constantinople
II. Defeat of Napoleon
III. Unification of Italy
IV. Unification of Germany
Options :
(a) I, II, IV and III (b) II, III, I and IV
(c) II, I, III and IV (d) IV, I, III and II
Why does groundwater constitute 60 percent of water usage?

(a) It is more reliable than surface water.
(b) It is mainly used for urban areas.
(c) It is the only source available for agriculture.
(d) It requires less infrastructure for extraction.

Sector Contribution to GDP (in %) Employment Rate (in %)
Primary Sector 25 50
Secondary Sector 30 30
Tertiary Sector 45 20
Why does the tertiary sector have a higher contribution to GDP but lower employment?
(a) It is underdeveloped in rural areas.
(b) It is dependent on the primary sector.
(c) It lacks demand for services.
(d) It requires skilled labor and technology.
SECTION - B
21. “The Russian Revolution had a profound impact on global politics.” Explain how the Russian
Revolution influenced the world.
O
“The interwar period saw the rise of totalitarian regimes.” Explain the factors that led to the
emergence of totalitarian governments in the interwar period.
22. “Monsoon is crucial for agriculture in India.” Discuss its importance.
23. “The division of powers in federalism ensures balanced governance.” Explain how the division of
powers achieves balance.
24. “Banking services are essential for economic development.” Explain why banking is important for
the economy.
SECTION - C
25. With the advent of digital payments, the use of electronic money has surged in India, reducing
reliance on cash transactions. Consequently, electronic money has become a pivotal aspect of
India’s financial landscape. Why has electronic money become so significant in India? Support
26. “Print culture played a key role in the spread of Enlightenment ideas.” Explain the statement by
27. “Anil has recently inherited a piece of land and wants to set up a solar power plant. However, he
is unsure about the factors that determine the suitability of his land for solar energy production.”
Help him identify the key factors that make his land suitable for a solar power plant.
O
“Priya is planning to start a small-scale industry producing handmade textiles. She is uncertain
about the resources she needs to efficiently run her business.” Assist her in identifying the essential
resources required for her textile industry.
28. “Respecting religious diversity strengthens societal harmony.” Explain the statement by giving
any three examples.
29. In recent years, the IT and software services sector in India has thrived due to globalization,
serving clients worldwide. As a result, the IT sector has become a major contributor to India’s
economy. Why has the IT sector benefited so much from globalization in India? Support your
SECTION - D
30. Liberalism emphasized individual freedoms and rights.’ Justify the statement with suitable
arguments.
O
‘The French Revolution was a turning point for European nationalism.’ Substantiate this statement
with key events.
31. In Rina’s village, many animal species are becoming endangered due to deforestation. Identify
three steps the community and government can take to protect wildlife.
O
Suresh observes that illegal logging is a major issue in his forested region. What are the potential
impacts of deforestation on biodiversity and climate, and suggest ways to prevent illegal logging.
32. ‘A multi-party system ensures a broader representation of people’s interests.’ Justify the advantages
of a multi-party system.
O
‘The lack of internal democracy in political parties is a major concern.’ Explain the need for
internal democracy within political parties.

33. Mr. Y argues that measuring development solely through per capita income is not sufficient
to assess the real progress of a country. Explain why relying only on per capita income is an
incomplete measure of development, and discuss the importance of other indicators like literacy
rates, life expectancy, and human development index (HDI) in giving a more holistic view of
development.
O
Two countries, X and Y, have the same per capita income. However, in X, most people have
access to healthcare, while in Y, healthcare is inadequate. How would you assess the development
indicators of these two countries, and why might Country X be considered more developed?
SECTION - E
Against this background the new Tory government in Britain constituted a Statutory Commission
under Sir John Simon. Set up in response to the nationalist movement, the commission was to look
into the functioning of the constitutional system in India and suggest changes. The problem was
that the commission did not have a single Indian member. They were all British.
When the Simon Commission arrived in India in 1928, it was greeted with the slogan ‘Go back Simon’.
All parties, including the Congress and the Muslim League, participated in the demonstrations. In
an effort to win them over, the viceroy, Lord Irwin, announced in October 1929, a vague offer of
‘dominion status’ for India in an unspecified future, and a Round Table Conference to discuss a
future constitution. This did not satisfy the Congress leaders. The radicals within the Congress, led
by Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose, became more assertive.
The most stirring of all was the demand to abolish the salt tax. Salt was something consumed by the
rich and the poor alike, and it was one of the most essential items of food. The tax on salt and the
government monopoly over its production, Mahatma Gandhi declared, revealed the most oppressive
face of British rule.
Questions :
1. Why did Tory government set up Simon Commission?
2. Why did Lord Irwin announced dominion status?
3. Why did Gandhiji find in salt is a powerful symbol of unity?
35. Read the given extract and answer the questions that follow :
In ancient India, along with the sophisticated hydraulic structures, there existed an extraordinary
tradition of water-harvesting system. People had an in-depth knowledge of rainfall regimes and
soil types and developed wide ranging techniques to harvest groundwater, rainwater, river water
and flood water in keeping with the local ecological conditions and their water needs. In hilly and
mountainous regions, people built diversion channels like the kuls and guls of Western Himalayas
for agriculture. Rooftop rainwater harvesting was very commonly practised to store drinking water,
particularly in Rajasthan.
Questions :
1. Mention any two methods of traditional water-harvesting used in India.
2. How do people of Rajasthan utilise rainwater ?
3. Explain any two benefits of rainwater harvesting.
The recent efforts and suggestions in our country to reform political parties and its leaders:
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties. This was
done because many elected representatives were indulging in Defection in order to become ministers
or for cash rewards. Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties, he or she will lose
the seat in the Legislature.
This new law has helped bring defection down. At the same time this has made any dissent even
more difficult. MPs and MLAs have to accept whatever the party leaders decide. The Supreme
Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals. Now, it is mandatory for
every candidate who contests elections to file an Affidavit giving details of his property and criminal
cases pending against him. It should be made mandatory for political parties to give a minimum
number of tickets, about one-third, to women candidates. Similarly, there should be a quota for
women in the decision making bodies of the party. There should be state funding of elections. The
government should give parties money to support their election expenses. This support could be
given in kind : petrol, paper, telephone etc. Or it could be given in cash on the basis of the votes
secured by the party in the last election.
Questions :
1. Explain the meaning of the term ‘Defection’ with reference to political party system of India.
2. Evaluate the significance of an Affidavit which is given by the candidate while contesting
elections.
3. State any one suggestion which is made to reform the position of women in Indian political
party system. What is the significance of this suggestion?
SECTION-F
37. (a) Two features (A) and (B) are marked on the given outline map of India. Identify these features
with the help of the information provided and write their correct names on the lines marked
on the map.
(A) Place where the Indian National Congress Session was held in September 1920.
(B) The place where the cotton mill workers satyagraha organised in 1918.
symbols.
(i) The Khetri mines.
(ii) A Software-Technology Park in Karnataka.

(iii)The Southernmost city of the North-south Corridor.
(iv) Kandla Seaport.
www.nodia.i
Sample Paper 08
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
and 37b from Geography (3 marks).+
SECTION - A
1. Identity the picture-

(a) A page from the diamond sutra.

(b) A page taken from the Gutenberg bible.
(c) A page taken from the Jikji.
(d) A page taken from the Ramcharit manas.
2. Arrange the following events in the correct sequence and select correct option.
1. Fall of Napoleon.
2. Napoleon invades Italy.
3. The defeat of Napoleon by Britain, Russia.
4. Napoleon lost the battle of Leipzig.
(a) 3, 4, 1, 2 (b) 2, 4, 3, 1
(c) 2, 4, 1, 3 (d) 2, 1, 3, 4
3. The Simon Commission, formed in 1927 by the British government, faced opposition from Indian
leaders for what reason?
(a) It did not include any Indian members, leading to widespread protests against its
recommendations.
(b) It proposed granting immediate independence to India, which Indian leaders were not ready
for.
(c) It focused on increasing Indian representation in the British government.
(d) It aimed to divide India based on religious and ethnic lines, which Indian leaders opposed.
4. The Industrial Revolution in Europe brought significant changes to global trade. Which of the
following were outcomes of the Industrial Revolution on global trade?
1. Increased demand for raw materials
2. Expansion of European markets
3. Decline of European colonialism
4. Growth of industrial production in European countries
Options :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1, 2, and 4
(c) 3 and 4 (d) 2 and 4
5. Which of the following was a key outcome of the print revolution in Europe during the early
modern period?
(a) The rapid spread of literacy and the democratization of knowledge.
(b) A decline in book production due to censorship by European monarchs.
(c) The elimination of newspapers and pamphlets due to printing costs.
(d) The rise of hand-copied manuscripts as the primary method of communication.

6. Which type of soil is most suitable for the cultivation of cotton, especially in the Deccan Plateau
region of India?
(a) Red soil found in dry areas, lacking in nutrients for cotton farming.
(b) Alluvial soil found in river basins, excellent for rice and wheat cultivation but less suited for
cotton.
(c) Black soil known for retaining moisture and rich in nutrients, ideal for cotton farming.
(d) Laterite soil rich in iron and aluminium, commonly found in tropical regions but not suitable
for cotton.
7. Joint Forest Management (JFM) in India aims to involve local communities in forest conservation.
Consider the following statements:
1. JFM allows villagers to participate in forest protection and restoration activities.
2. The program began in the early 1990s as a response to forest degradation.
3. Under JFM, communities receive financial incentives for protecting forests.
4. JFM restricts the use of forest resources exclusively to government authorities.
Options :
8. India’s increasing demand for water has led to the construction of large dams, such as the
_______ Dam on the Narmada River.
(a) Bhakra Nangal (b) Hirakud
(c) Sardar Sarovar (d) Tehri
9. Which legal provision in India aims to prevent discrimination based on caste, religion, gender, or
other factors?
(a) The Right to Education Act
(b) The Protection of Civil Rights Act
(c) The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act
(d) The National Integration Act
10. Political parties are essential to the democratic process. Which of the following are challenges
faced by political parties in India?
1. Lack of internal democracy
2. Excessive influence of money and muscle power
3. Free and fair elections
4. Nepotism and favoritism
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 3 and 4
11. Democracies aim to ensure political stability and order. Which of the following outcomes contribute
to political stability in a democracy?
1. Regular elections and peaceful transfer of power
2. Rule of law and judicial independence
3. Suppression of dissent and opposition
4. Government accountability to the people
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 and 4
12. Power sharing helps to reduce conflict in societies with diverse social groups by ensuring that
power is distributed among different segments of society, such as _______ and ethnic groups.
(a) Economic (b) Religious
(c) Military (d) Intellectual

Statement I: The Constitution of India provides for a single integrated judiciary.
Statement II: The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial authority in the country.
14. Match the following items given in column A with those in Column B. Choose the correct answer
from the options given below:
Column A Column B
A. A form of guarantee against loan 1. Gomasthas
B. Supervise Weavers, collect supplies, and examine the 2. Shroffs and Chettairs
quality of cloth
C. Group of bankers and traders who financed export of 3. Collateral
agriculture
D. Caste system was based on exclusion and discrimination 4. Outcaste
against
Options
(a) A – 4, B – 1, C – 3, D – 2 (b) A – 3, B – 1, C – 2, D – 4
(c) A – 2, B – 1, C – 3, D – 4 (d) A – 2, B – 3, C – 4, D – 1
15. How does sustainable development differ from traditional development models in terms of resource
utilization?
(a) Sustainable development focuses on short-term economic gains without considering future
generations.
(b) Sustainable development emphasizes the balanced use of resources to meet present needs
without compromising future availability.
(c) Traditional development models prioritize environmental conservation over economic growth.
(d) Traditional development models encourage renewable resource usage exclusively.
16. The primary sector continues to employ a large portion of India’s population. Which of the
following best explains why the primary sector employs so many people?
1. Indian economy is largely agrarian.
2. Lack of adequate job opportunities in the secondary and tertiary sectors.
3. Government policies favor the primary sector.
4. High demand for agricultural products in urban areas.
Options :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 3 and 4
(c) 1 and 4 (d) 2 and 3

Statement I: Commercial banks are financial institutions that accept deposits and provide loans.
Statement II: Microfinance institutions only provide credit to large businesses.
18. Match the following items given in Column A with those in Column B. Choose the correct answer
Column A Column B
A. Supervision of functioning of banks. 1. Japan
B. First Asian country to be Industralised. 2. Henry Ford
C. Pioneer of the system of mass production. 3. Secularism
D. No official religion, constitution does not give any special status. 4. Reserve Bank of India
Options
(a) A – 4, B – 1, C – 3, D – 2 (b) A – 4, B – 1, C – 2, D – 3
(c) A – 2, B – 1, C – 3, D – 4 (d) A – 2, B – 3, C – 4, D – 1
Why do wells and tubewells contribute to 50% of the irrigated area?

(a) They are the most cost-effective irrigation method.
(b) They are used in high-rainfall areas.
(c) They require complex technology.
(d) They are used primarily in desert regions.
Bank Interest Rate on Loans (in %) Interest Rate on Deposits (in %)
Bank A 8% 4%
Bank B 10% 5%
Why would customers prefer to deposit their money in Bank B?
(a) It offers a higher interest rate on deposits.
(b) It provides better customer service.
(c) It has lower loan interest rates.
(d) It has fewer branches.
SECTION - B
21. “Print culture contributed to the Scientific Revolution.” Discuss the impact of print culture on the
development of scientific thought.
22. “The distribution of natural resources varies across different regions.” Discuss the factors
influencing this distribution.
O
“Renewable resources can be replenished naturally over time.” Provide examples and explain their
significance.
23. “Secularism in India promotes religious harmony.” Explain why secularism is important for
religious harmony.
24. “Liberalization is a key aspect of globalization.” Explain why liberalization is important in the
context of globalization.
SECTION - C
25. “Mercantilism shaped the economic policies of European powers during the colonial period.”
26. “Liberalism played a crucial role in the growth of nationalism in 19th-century Europe.” Explain

27. “Arjun wants to engage in sustainable logging practices on his property. He is unaware of the
sustainable methods and their benefits.” Guide him in identifying sustainable logging practices
and their advantages.
28. “Political parties educate the public about political issues.” Explain the statement by giving any
three examples.
O
“Political parties ensure accountability in governance.” Explain the statement by giving any three
examples.
29. Over the years, India’s infrastructure, including roads, bridges, and telecommunications, has seen
substantial improvements. Consequently, infrastructure development has become essential to
India’s progress. Why is infrastructure development considered important for India’s development?
SECTION - D
30. ‘Mahatma Gandhi’s principles of non-violence and Satyagraha were central to Indian nationalism.’
O
‘The role of women was crucial in the Indian nationalist movement.’ Justify the statement with
suitable arguments.
31. Vijay’s city has started rainwater harvesting programs to combat water scarcity. How can
rainwater harvesting contribute to water conservation, and what challenges might arise in its
implementation?
O
Rahul observes frequent floods in his region. What are the causes of floods, and how can proper
water management prevent such disasters?
32. ‘Democratic governments are more likely to respect the rights of citizens.’ Justify the statement
O
‘Democracy ensures that every individual has a voice in the decision-making process.’ Explain how
democracy promotes inclusiveness.

33. Mr. Y works in agriculture and wants to understand why the contribution of the primary sector
to India’s GDP has been declining over time, despite a large number of people still depending on
it for their livelihood. What factors have contributed to this shift in the economic structure, and
how has it affected the workforce?
O
India’s agriculture sector is heavily dependent on monsoons, making it vulnerable to climate
change. How does this impact employment and income for agricultural workers, and what can be
done to reduce these risks?
SECTION - E
Through the ‘right of inheritance’ leading to the division of land among successive generations has
rendered land-holding size uneconomical, the farmers continue to take maximum output from the
limited land in the absence of alternative source of livelihood. Thus, there is enormous pressure on
agricultural land.
The main characteristic of commercial farming is the use of higher doses of modern inputs. e.g.
High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides in order to
obtain higher productivity.
The degree of commercialisation of agriculture varies from one region to another. For example, rice
is a commercial crop in Haryana and Punjab, but in Odisha, it is a subsistence crop.
Questions :
1. State the ways through which farmers continue to make maximum output from limited land.
2. What is the reason behind rice being a subsistence crop in Odisha?
3. Mention the name of Indian states which produce rice commercially.
35. Read the given extract and answer the questions that follow :
Belgium is a small country in Europe, smaller in area than the state of Haryana. It has borders
with France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg. It has a population of a little over one
crore, about half the population of Haryana. The ethnic composition of this small country is ve per
cent lives in the Flemish region and speaks Dutch language. Another 40 per cent people live in the
Wallonia region and speak French. Remaining one per cent of the Belgians speak German. In the
capital city Brussels, 80 per cent of the people speak French while 20 per cent are Dutch-speaking.
Questions:
1. Explain the ethnic composition of Belgium.
2. How did the Belgian Government solve their ethnic problem ? Explain.

36. Read the given extract and answer questions that follow.
Mahesh tells us that every season he needs loans for cultivation on his 1.5 acres of land. Till a
few years back, he would borrow money from the village moneylender at an interest rate of five
per cent per month (60% per annum). For the last few years, Mahesh has been borrowing from an
agricultural trader in the village at an interest rate of three per cent per month. At the beginning of
the cropping season, the trader supplies the farm inputs on credit, which is to be repaid when the
crops are ready for harvest.
Besides the interest charge on the loan, the trader also makes the farmers promise to sell the crop to
him. This way the trader can ensure that the money is repaid promptly. Also, since the crop prices
are low after the harvest, the trader is able to make a profit from buying the crop at a low price from
the farmers and then selling it later when the price has risen.
We next meet Arun who is supervising the work of one farm labourer. Arun has seven acres of land.
He is one of the few persons in Sonpur to receive a bank loan for cultivation.
The interest rate on the loan is 8.5 per cent per annum, and can be repaid anytime in the next three
years. Arun plans to repay the loan after harvest by selling a part of the crop. He then intends to
store the rest of the potatoes in a cold storage and apply for a fresh loan from the bank against the
cold storage receipt. The bank offers this facility to farmers who have taken crop loans from them.
Questions :
1. When Mahesh was borrowing from a local agricultural trader, he paid a lesser interest rate.
Why?
2. In the above case/source, which is the most favourable term of credit/loan borrowed by Arun
for land cultivation?
3. State the merits of formal sector of credit.
SECTION-F
A. The place associated with the Jallianwala Bagh incident.
B. The place where the December 1920 session of the Indian National Congress took place.
(b) On the outline map of India, mark and locate the following with suitable symbols.
C. An airport
D. A software technology park
E. A dam
F. A seaport in Goa
www.nodia.i
Sample Paper 09
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A
1. Which of the following aspect best signifies this image?
(a) A map explaining the sea routes used in 18th century by Europeans
(b) A map celebrating the British Empire.
(c) A map showcasing the importance of British Empire.
(d) A map expressing the British ambitions of contouring the world.

1. Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa.
2. Congress gave its support to Khilafat Movement.
3. Dandi March
4. Mahatma Gandhi travelled to champaran in Bihar to inspire the peasants to struggle against
the oppressive plantation system.
Options :
(a) 1, 4, 2, 3 (b) 2, 3, 4, 1
(c) 4, 2, 3, 1 (d) 2, 1, 4, 3
3. How did European colonization contribute to the rise of the global economy in the 19th century?
(a) Colonies provided raw materials and markets for European manufactured goods.
(b) Colonies became self-sufficient and independent of European powers.
(c) Colonies refused to trade with European countries, limiting economic growth.
(d) Colonies focused solely on agriculture, ignoring global trade networks.
4. The Protestant Reformation in Europe was closely linked to the spread of printed materials. Which
of the following were outcomes of the Protestant Reformation and the spread of print culture?
1. Increased questioning of religious authority
2. Growth of literacy among ordinary people
3. Strengthening of the Catholic Church
4. Translation of the Bible into local languages
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1 and 4
5. What was the significance of the Frankfurt Parliament of 1848 in the context of German unification?
(a) It successfully drafted and implemented a constitution for a unified Germany.
(b) It was an attempt to create a democratic constitution for a united German nation but ultimately
failed.
(c) It declared the end of the Holy Roman Empire and established the German Confederation.
(d) It led to the immediate unification of Germany under Prussian leadership.
6. Which of the following is classified as a critically endangered species in India under the Wildlife
Protection Act of 1972?
(a) The Royal Bengal Tiger, which is classified as endangered but not critically endangered.
(b) The Great Indian Bustard, which is on the brink of extinction and critically endangered.
(c) The Asian Elephant, which is classified as vulnerable but not critically endangered.
(d) The Indian Peacock, which is not considered endangered and is the national bird of India.
7. The Yamuna River faces severe pollution due to various factors. Evaluate the following statements
about the pollution of the Yamuna River:
1. Industrial waste discharge is a major contributor to the Yamuna’s pollution.
2. Domestic sewage from cities along the river exacerbates its contamination levels.
3. Agricultural runoff has no effect on the water quality of the Yamuna.
4. Efforts to clean the Yamuna have included setting up sewage treatment plants.
Options :
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 3 and 4 only
8. India is one of the leading producers of rice, and this crop requires _______ conditions for its
growth, including plenty of water and high temperatures.
(a) Arid (b) Humid
(c) Semi-arid (d) Dry
9. Which of the following is a challenge faced by political parties in India today?

(a) Ensuring internal democracy and preventing leadership from becoming dynastic.
(b) Achieving complete dominance in the political landscape without opposition.
(c) Eliminating all forms of corruption and maintaining pure governance.
(d) Avoiding participation in electoral processes to focus on policy-making.
10. Democracies promote accountability of governments to the people. Which of the following measures
promote accountability in a democracy?
1. Regular elections and voter participation
2. Judicial independence and rule of law
3. Concentration of power in the executive
4. Media censorship to prevent criticism of the government
Options :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 3 and 4 (d) 2 and 4
11. The Sri Lankan government’s approach to power-sharing differed from Belgium’s. Which of the
following were features of Sri Lanka’s power-sharing arrangement?
1. Sinhala community was given preferential treatment.
2. Tamil-speaking minorities were denied equal rights.
3. Equal rights were granted to both Sinhala and Tamil communities.
4. The government adopted majoritarian policies.
Options :
(a) 1 and 4 (b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2, and 4
12. The system of _______ has further decentralized the power in India by establishing local
governments in rural and urban areas through the 73rd and 74th amendments.
(a) Panchayati Raj (b) Municipal governance
(c) Cooperative federalism (d) Direct democracy


Statement I: The Right to Education Act in India aims to provide free and compulsory education
to all children.
Statement II: Gender discrimination in education has been eradicated in India.
14. Match the following keywords from column A with their explanation in column B :
Column A Column B
A. Ethnic I A belief that let majority community to rule a country.
B. Civil war II Calculation of gains and losses.
C. Prudential III Conflicts between opposing groups.
D. Majoritarian IV Based on shared culture.
(a) A - II, B - III, C - I, D - IV (b) A - IV, B - III, C - II, D - I
(c) A - III, B - I, C - II, D - IV (d) A - II, B - III, C - IV, D - I
15. Which sector of the Indian economy is most associated with the provision of services like banking,
education, and transportation?
(a) Primary Sector, which deals with natural resources and agriculture.
(b) Secondary Sector, which focuses on industrial and manufacturing activities.
(c) Tertiary Sector, which encompasses a wide range of service-based industries.
(d) Quaternary Sector, which involves high-level information services and research.
16. Formal and informal sectors provide credit in the economy. Which of the following are characteristics
of the formal sector in India?
1. Regulated by the government
2. Higher interest rates
3. Loans given by commercial banks and cooperative societies
4. No requirement for collateral
Options :
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 1, 2, and 4
(c) 1, 3, and 4 (d) 2 and 3

Statement I: Globalization has increased trade between countries.
Statement II: Globalization has led to the isolation of national economies.

18. Choose the correct option from column A and column B -

Column A Column B
A. Broken chains 1. Symbol of the German empire – strength
B. Breastplate with eagle 2. Readiness to fight
C. Sword 3. Being freed
D. Rays of the rising sun 4. Beginning of a new era
(a) A - 2, B - 1, C - 3, D - 4 (b) A - 4, B - 1, C - 2, D - 3
(c) A - 3, B - 1, C - 2, D - 4 (d) A - 2, B - 3, C - 4, D - 1
Why does the Ganga basin contribute to 35 percent of total water flow?
(a) It receives water from glaciers and rain.
(b) It is located in a desert area.
(c) It supports industrial growth.
(d) It flows through the mountainous region.
Company Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in India (in billion Exports (in billion
USD) USD)
Company A 3 5
Company B 1.5 7
Why does Company B have higher exports despite lower FDI?
(a) It imports all its raw materials.
(b) It focuses only on the domestic market.
(c) It lacks production technology.
(d) It is involved in labor-intensive production.

SECTION - B
21. “Italian unification was achieved through nationalist aspirations.” Explain the factors that led to
the unification of Italy.
22. “Deforestation leads to environmental degradation.” Discuss the consequences.

O
“Wildlife conservation is essential for maintaining biodiversity.” Justify this statement.
23. “Ideological parties strengthen political discourse.” Explain how ideological parties impact political
discussions.
24. “Human Development Index (HDI) is a better indicator of development than GDP.” Justify the
SECTION - C
25. “The rise of vernacular languages in print contributed to national identities.” Explain the statement
by giving suitable examples.
26. “The role of the press was crucial in the spread of nationalism in India.” Explain the statement
27. “Pooja wants to reduce water pollution in her town. She is unaware of the sources of water
pollution and the ways to mitigate them.” Guide her in identifying the main sources of water
pollution and effective mitigation methods.
28. “Democracy protects individual freedoms and rights.” Explain the statement by giving any three
examples.
O
“Democracy fosters economic development.” Explain the statement by giving any three examples.
29. Over the years, India’s textile industry has expanded, becoming one of the largest employers in the
country. As a result, the textile sector has become a significant part of India’s economy. Why has
the textile sector become so important in India? Support your answer by giving any three reasons.

SECTION - D
30. ‘The Atlantic slave trade had a profound impact on global societies.’ Justify the statement with
suitable arguments.
O
‘Globalization has led to increased cultural exchanges.’ Substantiate the statement with key
features.
31. Meena learns that many farmers are moving away from traditional farming methods. What are
the differences between traditional and modern farming techniques, and how do they impact
agricultural productivity?
O
Suresh’s village practices subsistence farming, which only meets the basic needs of the family.
What are the limitations of subsistence farming, and how can farmers be encouraged to shift to
commercial farming?
32. Dynastic succession affects the democratic functioning of political parties.’ Analyse how dynastic
politics impact political parties.
O
‘Horizontal power sharing ensures checks and balances in a democracy.’ Explain the statement
with relevant points.
33. Miss A is curious about how the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) controls the supply of money in the
economy. Explain the role of the RBI in regulating money supply through monetary policy and
why it is important to maintain stability in the economy.
O
Sunita, a shop owner, takes a bank loan and repays it in monthly installments. How does the
availability of formal credit through banks contribute to economic growth, especially for small
business owners like her?

SECTION - E
34. Study the sources given below and answer the questions that follow:
Energy can be generated from fuel minerals like coal, petroleum, natural gas, uranium and from
electricity. Energy resources can be classified as conventional and nonconventional sources.
Conventional sources include: firewood, cattle dung cake, coal, petroleum, natural gas and electricity
(both hydel and thermal). Non-conventional sources include solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas
and atomic energy.
Energy is a basic requirement for economic development. Every sector of the national economy –
agriculture, industry, transport, commercial and domestic – needs inputs of energy.
Geologists define mineral as a “homogenous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal
structure.” Minerals are found in varied forms in nature, ranging from the hardest diamond to the
softest talc.
Questions :
1. How is energy classified?
2. What is the basic requirement for economic development?
3. How do geologists define minerals as?
35. Read the given extract and answer all questions :
DECENTRALISATION IN INDIA
When power is taken away from Central and State governments and given to local government, it
is called decentralization. The basic idea behind decentralization is that there are a large number of
problems and issues which are best settled at the local level. People have better knowledge of problems
in their localities. They also have better ideas on where to spend money and how to manage things
more efficiently. Besides, at the local level it is possible for the people to directly participate in
decision making. This helps to inculcate a habit of democratic participation. Local government is
the best way to realise one important principle of democracy, namely local self-government.
The need for decentralisation was recognized in our Constitution. Since then, there have been
several attempts to decentralize power to the level of villages and towns. Panchayats in villages and
municipalities in urban areas were set up in all the States. But these were directly under the control
of State Governments. Elections to these local governments were not held regularly.
Questions :
1. Explain Decentralization in democracy.
2. Explain the importance of Local self Government in democracy.
3. Describe any two steps taken by Indian government for decentralization.

36. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow.
Chinese manufacturers learn of an opportunity to export toys to India, where toys are sold at a high
price. They start exporting plastic toys to India. Buyers in India now have the option of choosing
between Indian and Chinese toys. Because of the cheaper prices and new designs, Chinese toys have
become more popular in the Indian markets. Within a year, 70 to 80 per cent of the toy shops have
replaced Indian toys with Chinese toys.
Toys are now cheaper in the Indian markets than earlier. What is happening here? As a result of
trade, Chinese toys come into the Indian markets. In the competition between Indian and Chinese
toys, Chinese toys prove better. Indian buyers have a greater choice of toys and at lower prices. For
the Chinese toy makers, this provides an opportunity to expand business. The opposite is true for
Indian toy makers. They face losses, as their toys are selling much less.
Questions :
1. What was the most appropriate reason for calling exporting toys to India by the Chinese ‘an
opportunity’ ?
2. What stands true in reference to the consumer behaviour as shown by Indian buyers in the toy
market?
3. Why Chinese toys have taken over the Indian toy market?
SECTION-F
37. (a) Two places (A) and (B) are marked on the given political outline map of India. Identify them
(A) The place where Indian National Congress Session (Dec. 1920) was held.
(B) Movement of Indigo Planters.
symbols.
(i) Kolkata - An International airport
(ii) Bokaro - An iron and steel ptant
(iii)Thiruvananthapuram - A software technology park
(iv) Ramagundam - A thermal power plant
www.nodia.i
Sample Paper 10
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A
1. Study the picture and answer the question that follows:
Identify the man who is sitting fifth from right?

(a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (b) Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Subhas Chandra Bose (d) Mahatma Gandhi
2. Arrange the following in correct sequence :

1. Formation of G-77
2. Bretton Woods Conference.
3. Discovery of America
4. Great Depression
Options
(a) 1, 4, 2, 3 (b) 3, 4, 2, 1
(c) 2, 3, 1, 4 (d) 2, 1, 4, 3
3. In colonial India, the spread of print culture contributed to the rise of which movement?
(a) It spread nationalist ideas and helped create awareness about colonial exploitation.
(b) It encouraged British missionaries to print religious texts in Indian languages.
(c) It focused on spreading European customs and traditions among Indian elites.
(d) It led to a decline in social reform movements and discouraged political activism.
4. The French Revolution was a turning point in world history and inspired several nationalist
movements across Europe. Which of the following were effects of the French Revolution on
European nationalism?
1. Spread of the ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity
2. End of absolute monarchies across Europe
3. Establishment of parliamentary rule in all European countries
4. Emergence of nationalism as a powerful force
Options :
(a) 1 and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 3 and 4
5. The Quit India Movement of 1942 was launched with what immediate goal by the Indian National
Congress?
(a) To demand the complete withdrawal of British rule from India without any negotiations.
(b) To promote cooperation between Indians and the British during World War II.
(c) To negotiate for constitutional reforms and limited self-government under British rule.
(d) To encourage Indians to contribute to the war effort in exchange for future independence.
6. What is the primary purpose of building multi-purpose projects like the Bhakra Nangal Dam in
India?
(a) Generating hydroelectricity, providing irrigation, and controlling floods in the surrounding
areas.
(b) Supporting large-scale commercial fishing and improving water quality in nearby rivers.
(c) Conserving forests and wildlife in the surrounding region by diverting river water.
(d) Promoting urbanization and expanding industrial activities near the dam site.
7. Which of the following practices are used in modern Indian agriculture? Identify the correct
statements.
1. Use of high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds.
2. Implementation of drip irrigation systems.
3. Exclusive reliance on traditional ploughing methods.
4. Adoption of crop rotation to maintain soil fertility.
Options:
8. India’s rich deposits of _______ ore, a key ingredient in steel production, are found in states
like Odisha and Jharkhand.
(a) Iron (b) Bauxite
(c) Manganese (d) Limestone
9. What role does free and fair elections play in the democratic process of India?
(a) They ensure that the ruling party maintains its power indefinitely without accountability.
(b) They allow citizens to choose their representatives and hold the government accountable for
its actions.
(c) They limit the participation of minority groups in the political process.
(d) They prevent new parties from emerging and challenging established ones.
10. Power-sharing arrangements can take different forms in different countries. Which of the following
is an example of vertical power-sharing?
1. Power shared between the central and state governments
2. Power shared between different social groups
3. Power shared between different organs of government
4. Power shared among different political parties
Options :
(a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 4
11. India’s federal system allows for flexibility in power-sharing arrangements. Which of the following
features make Indian federalism unique?
1. A strong central government
2. Division of powers between the Union and State governments
3. Union government’s control over state laws
4. Flexibility to change the division of powers
Options :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1 and 4
12. _______ refers to a system where social divisions are based on hereditary occupation, which
continues to impact Indian society despite legal measures against discrimination.
(a) Secularism (b) Federalism
(c) Caste system (d) Patriarchy

Statement I: National political parties operate in multiple states across India.
Statement II: Regional political parties focus on issues specific to particular states or regions.
Column - A (Subjects) Column - B (List)
A. E-Programming 1. Concurrent List
B. Police 2. Union List
C. Education 3. State List
D. Defence 4. Residuary List
Options:
(a) A - 4, B - 3, C - 1, D - 2 (b) A - 3, B - 4, C - 1, D - 2
(c) A - 4, B - 1, C - 3, D - 2 (d) A - 4, B - 2, C - 1, D - 3
15. Which of the following best describes credit in the context of money and economic activities?
(a) The physical currency used for everyday transactions and purchases.
(b) An arrangement where a lender provides money to a borrower with the agreement of repayment,
often with interest.
(c) The total amount of money circulating in an economy at a given time.
(d) The financial reserves maintained by banks to ensure stability and trust in the banking system.
16. Globalization has led to the spread of technology across countries. Which of the following are
impacts of technological advancements on globalization?
1. Faster communication between countries
2. Easier transportation of goods and people
3. Increased barriers to international trade
4. Greater integration of world economies
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 3 and 4

Statement I: Poverty eradication is a part of the development process.
Statement II: Economic development always leads to reduction in poverty.

18. Complete the table with the correct information:

Round table conference Held in Meeting outcome
First round table conference Nov 1930-Jan 1931 The British government understood the
importance and the need for the congress
party to make any decision
Second round table conference A-? This conference was deemed a failure
because of the many disagreements
among the participants.
Third round table conference Nov- Dec 1932 B-?
(a) A - Sep - Dec 1927, B - Government of India Act (1932) was passed
(b) A - Sep - Dec 1927, B - Government of India Act (1935) was passed
(c) A - Sep - Dec 1931, B - Government of India Act (1935) was passed
(d) A - Sep - Dec 1931, B - Government of India Act (1932) was passed
Why is 35 percent of the total cultivated area under rice?

(a) Rice is a staple food for a large population.
(b) It requires less water compared to other crops.
(c) It is primarily grown in dry regions.
(d) It is a major cash crop in India.
State Net Sown Area (% of total land area) Percentage of Irrigated Area
A 55 60%
B 65 40%
Why does state A have a higher percentage of irrigated area compared to state B?
(a) It receives more rainfall.
(b) It has more fertile land.
(c) It has a more developed irrigation infrastructure.
(d) It is dependent on rain-fed agriculture.
SECTION - B
21. “The Non-Cooperation Movement was pivotal in India’s struggle for independence.” Explain why
the Non-Cooperation Movement was important for Indian nationalism.
22. “Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is essential for sustainable water use.” Discuss
its importance.
O
“Pollution of water bodies affects human health and the environment.” Provide examples.
23. “Freedom of expression is a vital outcome of democracy.” Explain why freedom of expression is
important in a democracy.
24. “The tertiary sector plays a vital role in the service-based economy of India.” Justify the statement
SECTION - C
25. “The Industrial Revolution transformed the economic structure of European societies.” Explain
26. “The rise of capitalism transformed global economic relations.” Explain the statement by giving
suitable examples.
27. “Vikas wants to adopt modern farming techniques to boost his wheat production. He needs to
know which technologies are best suited for his region.” Help him identify suitable modern farming
technologies that can enhance wheat production based on local conditions.
28. “Majority rule and minority rights are essential for power sharing.” Explain the statement by
O
“Power sharing enhances stability in a country.” Explain the statement by giving any three
examples.

29. With the growth of microfinance institutions, access to credit has improved for small entrepreneurs
in India. As a result, microfinance has become an important tool for economic empowerment. Why
has microfinance become so important in India? Support your answer by giving any three reasons.
SECTION - D
30. ‘Books and pamphlets were powerful tools in the fight against colonialism.’ Justify the statement
O
‘Print culture contributed to the rise of secular and scientific thinking.’ Substantiate the statement
with key features.
31. Suresh’s region is rich in mineral resources, but these resources are not being fully utilized. What
challenges exist in the extraction of minerals, and how can these challenges be overcome?
O
Vandana learns that non-renewable energy sources are depleting rapidly. What are the consequences
of over-reliance on non-renewable energy sources, and how can the transition to renewable energy
be encouraged?
32. ‘The creation of linguistic states strengthened federalism in India.’ Justify the statement with
suitable examples.
O
‘Federalism ensures the decentralization of power.’ Explain how decentralization functions in a
federal system.
33. Miss A is interested in understanding the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in India’s
development. Explain how FDI helps in improving infrastructure, creating jobs, and boosting the
overall economic growth of the country.
O
An Indian software company provides services to clients in the US. How has globalization enabled
such international interactions, and what are the advantages and challenges for Indian companies
in a globalized market?

SECTION - E
34. Read the source given below and answer the following questions.
Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our
country. This was the main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in
India. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and
backward areas.
Questions :
1. Distinguish between Joint sector and Public sector industries.
2. Analyse the importance of public sector and Joint sector ventures for the Indian economy.
Communalism becomes more acute when religion is expressed in politics in exclusive and partisan
terms, when one religion and its followers are pitted against another. This happens when beliefs of
one religion are presented as superior to those of other religions, when the demands of one religious
group are formed in opposition to another and when state power is used to establish domination of
one religious group over the rest. This manner of using religion in politics is communal politics.
Communal politics is based on the idea that religion is the principal basis of social community.
Communalism involves thinking along the following lines. The followers of a particular religion
must belong to one community. Their fundamental interests are the same. Any difference that they
may have is irrelevant or trivial for community life. It also follows that people who follow different
religions cannot belong to the same social community. If the followers of different, religion have
some commonalities these are superficial and immaterial. Their interests are bound to be different
and involve a conflict. In its extreme form communalism leads to the belief that people belonging to
different religions cannot live as equal citizens within one nation.
Either, one of them has to dominate the rest or they have to form different Nations.
This belief is fundamentally flawed. People of one religion do not have the same interests and
aspirations in every context. Everyone has several other roles, positions and identities. There are
many voices inside every community. All these voices have a right to be heard. Therefore, any
attempt to bring all followers of one religion together in context other than religion is bound to
suppress many voices within that community.
Questions :
1. State the circumstances due to which communalism happen in our society
2. What are the consequences faced when the followers of different religion have some
communalities?
3. When does a communal politics is able to suppress many voices within same community?

36. Read the information about climate-smart agriculture and answer the question that follows.
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is an approach that helps guide actions to transform agri-food
systems towards green and climate-resilient practices. CSA supports reaching internationally-agreed
goals such as the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement on climate change. CSA
supports the Food and Agriculture Organisation Strategic Framework 2022-2031 based on the Four
Betters: better production, better nutrition, a better environment and a better life for all, leaving
no one behind.
Source (edited): Food and Agriculture Organisation
Questions :
1. A CSA expert suggested increased production and consumption of millets in India. Justify
their stance.
2. What is the necessity to think of CSA in India?
3. Suggest two methods through which India can shift towards CSA.
SECTION-F
their correct names on the lines drawn near them. Identify the following features marked on
the map.
A. The place where the Congress Session adopted the Non-Cooperation Programme.
B. The place where the Movement of Indigo Planters took place.
symbols.
C. Rarnagundam Thermal Power Plant
D. Mumbai Port
E. Hyderabad International Airport
F. Tehri Dam
www.nodia.i
Sample Paper 11
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A

What this picture of Bharat Mata depicts ?
(a) Power and authority (b) Power and prestiges

(c) Authority and dominance (d) Ascetic quality
2. Arrange the following countries on the basis of “Print technology” started in these countries-
1. Japan 2. China
3. Korea 4. India
Option:
(a) 2, 1, 3, 4 (b) 3, 4, 2, 1
(c) 4, 1, 3, 2 (d) 4, 3, 2, 1
3. The Italian nationalist Giuseppe Mazzini is best known for founding which organization aimed at
promoting Italian unification?
(a) Young Italy, which sought to create a unified and independent Italian state.
(b) The Carbonari, a secret society focused on Italian independence.
(c) The National Fascist Party, which later led Italy under Mussolini.
(d) The Roman Republic, which aimed to establish a democratic government in Rome.
4. The Khilafat Movement, launched in 1919, aimed at protecting the Ottoman Caliphate. Which of
the following were objectives of the Khilafat Movement?
1. To pressurize the British government to protect the Caliphate
2. To demand the formation of a separate Muslim state
3. To unite Hindus and Muslims in India
4. To end British rule in India
Options :
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 1, 2, and 4
(c) 1, 3, and 4 (d) 2 and 4
5. Which of the following best describes the role of the Bretton Woods system established after
World War II?
(a) To regulate international financial institutions and promote global economic stability.
(b) To enforce colonial control over newly independent nations in Africa and Asia.
(c) To develop new trade routes between Europe and Asia for resource extraction.
(d) To create military alliances between European countries to prevent future wars.
6. Which type of farming is typically practiced in India to produce food grains primarily for family
consumption, using traditional tools?
(a) Subsistence farming, which focuses on producing enough food for the farmer’s family.
(b) Commercial farming, which involves large-scale production for sale in the market.
(c) Plantation farming, which is centered on the cultivation of a single cash crop for export.
(d) Intensive farming, which requires high inputs of labor and capital to maximize output.
7. Regarding India’s energy resources, identify the correct statements.

1. Coal accounts for the majority of India’s electricity generation.
2. Hydroelectric power is the most rapidly growing energy source in India.
3. India has no reserves of natural gas.
4. Solar energy is being increasingly harnessed as a renewable energy source.
Options:
8. The textile industry in India is one of the largest contributors to industrial employment and is
based primarily on the production of _______ and jute.
(a) Cotton (b) Rubber
(c) Tea (d) Coffee
9. How does federalism contribute to power sharing in the Indian political system?
(a) By centralizing all powers in the national government for uniform policy implementation.
(b) By dividing powers between the central government and state governments for localized
governance.
(c) By allowing the judiciary to oversee both state and national governmental functions.
(d) By enabling political parties to control both state and national levels of government.
10. The Indian Constitution provides for three lists of subjects. Which of the following subjects are
included in the Concurrent List?
1. Education 2. Police and law and order
3. Trade and commerce 4. Forests
Options:
(a) 1 and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1, 3, and 4 (d) 2 and 4
11. Caste continues to influence social and political life in India. Which of the following statements
about caste in India are true?
1. Caste inequalities have declined over time.
2. Caste-based discrimination is illegal in India.
3. Caste no longer plays a role in Indian elections.
4. Caste-based reservations are provided in government jobs.
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 4
12. A multi-party system is a feature of Indian democracy, allowing the existence of multiple political
parties, providing voters with a wide range of _______ during elections.
(a) Policies (b) Leaders
(c) Options (d) Manifestos

Statement I: In a democracy, the rule of law ensures that everyone is subject to the law equally.
Statement II: The judiciary in a democracy does not have the power to review the actions of the
legislature and the executive.
14. Match List I (forms of power-sharing) with List II (forms of government) and select the correct
answer using codes given below the lists:
List I List II
I. Power sharing among different organs of government A. Communist government
II. Power shared among government at different levels B. Separation of powers
III. Power shared by different social groups C. Coalition of government
IV. Power shared by two or more political parties D. Federal government
Option :
(a) I - D, II - A, III - B, IV - C (b) II - B, II - C, III - D, IV - A
(c) III - B, II - D, III - A, IV - C (d) IV - C, II - D, III - A, IV - B
15. Which of the following is a major advantage of outsourcing for Indian companies in the context
of globalization?
(a) It increases production costs and reduces profit margins for Indian businesses.
(b) It allows Indian companies to focus on their core competencies by delegating non-core activities
to external firms.
(c) It limits access to global markets and reduces the competitiveness of Indian firms.
(d) It decreases the quality of products and services offered by Indian companies.
16. Sustainable development is essential to preserve resources for future generations. Which of the
following practices contribute to sustainable development?
1. Using renewable energy sources
2. Practicing deforestation for expanding agriculture
3. Reducing pollution and waste
4. Over-extraction of natural resources
Options :
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 1 and 4
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 and 4

Statement I: The tertiary sector includes activities such as retail, banking, and education.
Statement II: The tertiary sector has a higher employment potential compared to the primary
sector.
18. Match column A and column B and choose the correct option.
Column A Column B
A. Absolutist 1. A vision of society
B. Utopian 2. A form of government
C. Plebiscite 3. A system of direct vote
D. Suffrage 4. A system of holding election
(a) A - 2, B - 3, C - 1, D - 4 (b) A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1
(c) A - 3, B - 1, C - 2, D - 4 (d) A - 2, B - 1, C - 3, D - 4
Why does wheat account for 30 percent of total production?

(a) It is grown in high-altitude regions. (b) It is the main food crop for many states.
(c) It requires less water than rice. (d) It is grown in desert regions.
State Forest Cover (% of total area) Protected Area (% of forest area)
C 35% 12%
D 50% 20%
Why does state D have a higher percentage of protected forest area compared to state C?
(a) It lacks infrastructure development.
(b) It has fewer forested areas.
(c) It has better wildlife management practices.
(d) It has a lower population density.
SECTION - B
21. “The League of Nations aimed to prevent future wars.” Justify the statement with suitable
arguments.
22. “Sustainable agriculture practices are important for long-term food security.” Explain why.
O
“Irrigation systems enhance agricultural productivity.” Discuss their role.

23. “Decentralization of power empowers local governments.” Justify this statement with suitable
examples.
24. “Credit plays a vital role in economic growth.” Justify the statement with suitable arguments.
SECTION - C
25. “The Non-Cooperation Movement united various sections of Indian society.” Explain the statement
26. “Newspapers became a tool for political awareness and participation in the modern world.” Explain
27. “Pranav plans to invest in the petroleum industry but lacks knowledge about the extraction
and refining processes of crude oil.” Assist him in understanding the key steps involved in the
extraction and refining of crude oil.
28. “Federalism supports economic development.” Explain the statement by giving any three examples.
O
“Federalism provides better public services.” Explain the statement by giving any three examples.
29. With the expansion of multinational corporations in India, various industries have gained access to
global technologies and practices. Consequently, multinational corporations have become influential
in India’s economy. Why have multinational corporations become so important in India? Support
SECTION - D
30. ‘Romanticism contributed significantly to the growth of nationalist movements.’ Justify the
O
‘The concept of nation-state emerged as a result of rising nationalism.’ Explain the statement with
relevant points.

31. Kamla’s village has seen rapid industrialization, but agricultural land is being lost. What are the
consequences of converting agricultural land for industrial purposes, and how can a balance be
maintained?
O
Ravi observes that industrialization has brought jobs but also increased air pollution. How can
industries contribute to economic growth while minimizing environmental degradation?
32. ‘Secularism is a core principle of Indian democracy.’ Justify the importance of secularism in India’s
democratic framework.
O
‘Communalism poses a threat to national unity.’ Analyse the impact of communalism on Indian
society and politics.
33. Miss A is worried about the environmental impacts of rapid industrial activities in her village. How
do sustainable development practices ensure that economic growth continues without harming the
environment, and why is it important to focus on long-term environmental sustainability?
O
A government policy focuses on increasing GDP but does not address income inequality. How
can this impact the development of the country? Discuss the potential negative consequences of
growing income inequality.
SECTION - E
Many thought that given the disadvantages and rising resistance against the multi purpose projects,
water harvesting system was a viable alternative, both socio-economically and environmentally.
In ancient India, along with the sophisticated hydraulic structures, there existed an extraordinary
tradition of water harvesting system. People had in-depth knowledge of rainfall regimes and soil
types and developed wide ranging techniques to harvest rainwater, groundwater, river water and flood
water in keeping with the local ecological conditions and their water needs. In hill and mountainous
regions, people built diversion channels like the ‘guls’ or ‘kuls’ of the Western Himalayas for
agriculture. ‘Rooftop rainwater harvesting’ was commonly practised to store drinking water,
particularly in Rajasthan. In the flood plains of Bengal, people developed inundation channels
to irrigate their fields. In arid and semi-arid regions, agricultural fields were converted into rain
fed storage structures that allowed the water to stand and moisten the soil like the ‘khadins’ in
Jaisalmer and ‘Johads’ in other parts of Rajasthan.
Questions :
1. Why is water harvesting system a viable alternative ?
2. Describe the process of ‘rooftop rainwater harvesting.’
3. Mention any two methods adopted by ancient India for water conservation.
In some countries, power usually changes between two main parties. Several other parties may
exist, contest elections and win a few seats in the national legislatures. But, only the two main
parties have a serious chance of winning majority of seats to form government. Such a party system
is called two-party system. The United States of America and the United Kingdom are examples of
two-party system.
If several parties compete for power, and more than two parties have a reasonable chance of coming
to power either on their own strength or in alliance with others, we call it a multi-party system.
Thus in India, we have a multi-party system. In this system, the government is formed by various
parties coming together in a coalition. When several parties in a multi-party system join hands for
the purpose of contesting elections and winning power, it is called an alliance or a front.
For example, in India there were three such major alliances in 2004 Parliamentary elections- the
National Democratic Alliance, the United Progressive Alliance and the Left Front. The multi-party
system often appears very messy and leads to political instability. At the same time, this system
allows a variety of interests and opinions to enjoy political representation.
So, which of these is better? Perhaps the best answer to this very common question is that, this is
not a very good question. Party system is not something any country can choose. It evolves over a
long time, depending on the nature of society, its social and regional divisions, its history of politics
and its system of elections. These cannot be changed very quickly. Each country develops a party
system that is conditioned by its special circumstances.
For example, if India has evolved a multi-party system, it is because the social and geographical
diversity in such a large country is not easily absorbed by two or even three parties. No system is
ideal for all countries and all situations.
Questions :
1. What do you understand by multi-party system?
2. Why political parties are necessary in smooth functioning of democracy?
3. Highlight any two differences between multi-party and bi-party system.
Over the forty years between 1973-74 and 2013-14, while production in all the three sectors has
increased, it has increased the most in the tertiary sector. As a result, in the year 2013-14, the
tertiary sector has emerged as the largest producing sector in India replacing the primary sector.
Why is the tertiary sector becoming so important in India? There could be several reasons. First, in
any country several services such as hospitals, educational institutions, post and telegraph services,
police stations, courts, village administrative offices, municipal corporations, defence transport,
banks, insurance companies, etc, are required. These can be considered as basic services. In a
developing country the government has to take responsibility for the provision of these services.
Second, the development of agriculture and industry leads to the development of services such as
transport, trade, storage and the like, as we have already seen. Greater the development of the
primary and secondary sectors, more would be the demand for such services.
Third as income levels rise, certain sections of people start demanding many more services like
eating out. tourism, shopping, private hospitals, private schools, professional training etc. You
can see this change quite sharply in cities, especially in big cities. Fourth, over the past decade or
so certain new services such as those based on information and communication technology have
become important and essential. The production of these services has been rising rapidly.
Questions :
1. What do you understand about the primary sector of an economy?
2. What is the reason behind shift in the labour force from primary sector to secondary and
tertiary sectors?
3. Briefly define the differences between primary and tertiary sector.
SECTION-F
37. (a) Two places (A) and (B) are marked on the given political outline map of India. Identify them
(A) A place where cotton mill workers organised Satyagraha.
(B) An incident took place here due to which the Non-cooperation movement was called off.
(b) On the same outline map of India, locate and label any three of the following:
(i) Coimbatore - Cotton textile centre in Tamil Nadu
(ii) Bhilai - Iron and steel plant in Chhattisgarh
(iii)Marmagao - A major port in Goa
(iv) Naraura - A thermal power plant
www.nodia.i
Sample Paper 12
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A

(a) Traditional family roles.

(b) Cultural impact of the west which has turned the family upside down.
(c) Destruction of proper family relations.
(d) Teaching women how to be obedient wires.
2. Arrange the following events related to the formation of nation-state of Britain in chronological
order :
I. Act of Union between England and Scotland.
II. English Parliament seized power from Monarchy.
III. Ireland was forcibly incorporated into the United Kingdom.
IV. Catholic revolt against British dominance.
Options :
(a) III – I – II – IV (b) I – II – III – IV
(c) IV – I – II – III (d) II – I – IV – III
3. The Civil Disobedience Movement, launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930, was initiated with
which goal?
(a) To challenge the British monopoly on salt and defy colonial laws through non-violent protest.
(b) To demand full independence from British rule by organizing violent uprisings.
(c) To promote industrial development in India by cooperating with British businesses.
(d) To negotiate for more representation of Indians in the British Parliament.
4. The Great Depression of 1929 had widespread economic effects across the world. Which of the
following were major impacts of the Great Depression?
1. Unemployment and poverty in industrialized countries
2. Collapse of international trade
3. Expansion of colonial empires
4. Decline in agricultural prices
Options :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1, 2, and 4
(c) 3 and 4 (d) 2 and 3
5. The first printed book in the world, using movable type, was printed by Johannes Gutenberg in
1455. What was the title of this book?
(a) The Bible, which was printed in Latin and distributed widely in Europe.
(b) The Quran, which was printed in Arabic for the first time.
(c) The Bhagavad Gita, which was published in India during the 16th century.
(d) The Analects of Confucius, which was a Chinese text printed in movable type.
6. Which of the following states is the leading producer of coal in India, accounting for a significant
portion of the country’s output?
(a) Gujarat, known for its oil reserves but not coal production.
(b) Jharkhand, which has abundant coal reserves and is the largest producer.
(c) Kerala, known for mineral sands but not coal.
(d) Tamil Nadu, which has lignite deposits but not the highest coal production.
7. Regarding the growth of the textile industry in India, identify the correct statements.
1. Mumbai-Pune region is a major hub for textile manufacturing.
2. The industry solely relies on traditional handloom techniques without mechanization.
3. Textile exports contribute significantly to India’s foreign exchange earnings.
4. The sector is not affected by fluctuations in global demand for textiles.
Options:
8. Land degradation in India is mainly caused by activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, mining,
and _______ of land for urban and industrial use.
(a) Afforestation (b) Expansion
(c) Desertification (d) Over-irrigation
9. What is the purpose of the Concurrent List in the Indian federal structure?
(a) To allocate exclusive legislative powers to the state governments.
(b) To list subjects where both central and state governments can make laws.
(c) To identify subjects under the exclusive control of the central government.
(d) To provide a list of non-political subjects for administrative purposes.
10. Efforts have been made to address gender disparities in Indian society. Which of the following
measures have been introduced to promote gender equality?
1. Reservation of seats for women in local governments
2. Equal pay for equal work legislation
3. Separate electorates for women
4. Banning women from certain professions
Options :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 3 and 4
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 2 and 4
11. India’s political landscape includes a variety of regional parties. Which of the following are
examples of regional political parties in India?
1. Trinamool Congress
2. Telugu Desam Party (TDP)
3. Communist Party of India (CPI)
4. Aam Aadmi Party (AAP)
Options :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 3 and 4
(c) 1, 2, and 4 (d) 2 and 4
12. Democracy allows for the peaceful transfer of power through _______ elections, ensuring
accountability of the government to the people.
(a) Direct (b) Regular
(c) Local (d) Indirect

Statement I: The British model of government inspired the power-sharing arrangement in India.
Statement II: Power sharing ensures that minorities are adequately represented in the government.
14. Match the Column I with Column II and choose the correct option :
Column I (List) Column II (Jurisdiction Sphere)
I. Union list subjects A. State Governments alone make laws on it.
II. State list subjects B. For uniformity Central Government Legislates on it.
III. Concurrent subjects C. Subjects under Jurisdiction of Centre and State
Governments.
IV. Residuary subjects D. Central Government legislates on new subjects.
I II III IV
(a) A B C D
(b) C D A B
(c) D C B A
(d) B A C D
15. What role does education play in the economic development of a country like India?
(a) Education has minimal impact on economic development as it focuses solely on individual
growth.
(b) Education enhances human capital by increasing productivity and fostering innovation, thereby
driving economic growth.
(c) Education primarily serves to maintain traditional cultural practices without influencing the
economy.
(d) Education diverts resources away from economic activities, hindering development.
16. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is used to measure the output of an economy. Which of the
following sectors are included in the calculation of GDP?
1. Primary sector 2. Secondary sector
3. Tertiary sector 4. Informal sector
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Statement I: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the central bank of the country and controls the
issuance of currency.
Statement II: Commercial banks are regulated by the RBI.

18. Match the columns and choose correct option.

Column -I Column -II
A. 1797 1. Vienna Peace Settlement
B. 1814 2. Invasion of Italy
C. 1821 3. Revolution in Europe
D. 1848 4. Struggle for Independence in Greek.
(a) A - 2, B - 1, C - 3, D - 4 (b) A - 4, B - 1, C - 2, D - 3
(c) A - 3, B - 2, C - 1, D - 4 (d) A - 2, B - 1, C - 4, D - 3
What is the significance of 60 percent land under subsistence farming?

(a) It primarily focuses on producing food for local consumption.
(b) It is used for export-oriented crops.
(c) It requires advanced technology.
(d) It is practiced only in urban areas.
State Annual Rainfall (in mm) Percentage of Groundwater Usage
E 1000 50%
F 600 80%
Why does state F have higher groundwater usage compared to state E?
(a) It has more water conservation programs.
(b) It has higher rainfall.
(c) It has insufficient surface water resources.
(d) It is primarily a desert region.

SECTION - B
21. “The rise of vernacular languages was influenced by print culture.” Justify the statement with
suitable arguments.
22. “India has abundant reserves of iron ore.” Discuss its importance for the economy.
O
“Renewable energy sources are essential for sustainable development.” Explain why.
23. “Fiscal federalism enhances economic cooperation between center and states.” Justify this
statement with suitable examples.
24. “Globalization has both advantages and disadvantages for the Indian economy.” Justify the
SECTION - C
25. “The Industrial Revolution facilitated the expansion of global markets.” Explain the statement by
26. “The unification movements in Germany and Italy were driven by nationalist sentiments.” Explain
27. “Vikram is interested in the textile industry and wants to understand the role of technology
in modern textile manufacturing.” Help him identify the technological advancements that have
transformed textile manufacturing and their benefits.
28. “Empowering women contributes to the overall development of society.” Explain the statement by
O
“Secularism ensures equal treatment of all religions by the state.” Explain the statement by giving
any three examples.

29. With the rise of environmental awareness, India has increasingly focused on sustainable
development practices. As a result, sustainable development has become a cornerstone of India’s
growth strategy. Why has sustainable development become so significant in India’s development?
SECTION - D
30. ‘The Swadeshi Movement promoted indigenous industries in India.’ Substantiate the statement
with key features.
O
The Indian National Congress was the leading organization in India’s fight for freedom.’ Explain
the statement with relevant points.
31. Vandana’s community depends on forest resources for their livelihood, but overexploitation has
led to forest degradation. How can the balance between forest resource use and conservation be
maintained?
O
Anita’s village has started a reforestation program. What are the benefits of afforestation, and
how does it contribute to wildlife conservation?
32. ‘The rise of regional parties reflects the diversity of Indian society.’ Justify the role of regional
parties in Indian democracy.
O
‘Political parties play a crucial role in shaping public opinion.’ Explain how political parties
influence public opinion and policy-making.
33. Miss A is learning about the differences between the organized and unorganized sectors of the
economy. Explain how these sectors differ in terms of job security, wages, working conditions, and
benefits, and why workers in the unorganized sector face greater challenges compared to those in
the organized sector.
O
A group of textile workers in the unorganized sector face irregular work and low wages. What are
the challenges they face, and how can the government improve their working conditions and job
security?

SECTION - E
Alluvial soil is the most widely spread and important soil. In fact, the entire Northern plains are
made of alluvial soil. These have been deposited by three important Himalayan river systems-the
Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. These soils also extend Rajasthan and Gujarat through a
narrow corridor. Alluvial soil is also found in the Eastern coastal plains particularly in the deltas
of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri rivers.
The alluvial soil consists of various proportions of sand, silt and clay. As we move inlands towards
the river valleys, soil particles appear some what bigger in size. In the upper reaches of the river
valley i.e. near the place of the break of slope, the soils are coarse. Such soils are more common in
piedmont plains such as Duars, Chos and Terai. Apart from the size of their grains or components,
soils are also described on the basis of their age. According to their age alluvial soils can be classified
as old alluvial (Bangar) and new alluvial (Khadar). The Bangar soil has higher concentration of
kanker nodules than the Khadar soil. It has more fine particles and is more fertile than the Bangar.
Questions :
1. Why alluvial soil requires least water?
2. What is the reason behind high fertility of alluvial soil?
3. In India, where can one find alluvial soil? Which Indian state has largest deposits of alluvial
soil?
Democracies are based on political equality. All individuals have equal weight in electing representatives.
Parallel to the process of bringing individuals into the political arena on an equal footing, we find
growing economic inequalities. A small number of ultra-rich enjoy a highly disproportionate share
of wealth and incomes. Not only that, their share in the total income of the country has been
increasing. Those at the bottom of the society have very little to depend upon. Their incomes
have been declining. Sometimes they find it difficult to meet their basic needs of life, such as food,
clothing, house, education and health.
Questions :
1. “Democracy ensures reduction of inequalities and poverty”. Explain the statement.
2. List the factors that affect economic growth.
3. How can accommodation of social diversity work in a democracy?

36. Study the sources given below and answer the questions that follow:
The various types of loans can be conveniently grouped as formal sector loans and informal sector
loans. Among the former are loans from banks and cooperatives. The informal lenders include
moneylenders, traders, employers, relatives and friends, etc.
The people are divided into four groups, from poor to rich. 85 per cent of the loans taken by
poor households in the urban areas are from informal sources. Compare this with the rich urban
households. Only 10 per cent of their loans are from informal sources, while 90 per cent are from
formal sources. A similar pattern is also found in rural areas. The rich households are availing cheap
credit from formal lenders whereas the poor households have to pay a heavy price for borrowing!
What does all this suggest? First, the formal sector still meets only about half of the total credit
needs of the rural people. The remaining credit needs are met from informal sources.
Most loans from informal lenders carry a very high interest rate and do little to increase the income
of the borrowers. Thus, it is necessary that banks and cooperatives increase their lending particularly
in the rural areas, so that the dependence on informal sources of credit reduces.
Questions :
1. Give any one example of formal sector source and of informal sector source of credit in India.
2. Which sector is dominant source of rural credit in India?
3. Why is it necessary to reduce dependence on informal sources of credit?
SECTION-F
A. The location of Indian National Congress Session of 1927.
B. The place where the Civil Disobedience Movement started.
(b) On the same political map of India, locate and label any three of the following with suitable
symbols.
C. Namrup Thermal Power Plant
D. Kandla Port
E. Tungabhadra Dam
F. Raja Sansi International Airport
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Sample Paper 13
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A
1. Consider these statements about the Image given below
1. Title of this caricature is “The Club of Thinkers”.

2. he plaque on the left bears the inscription: ‘The most important question of today’s meeting:
How long will thinking be allowed to us?”
3. This was a caricature of meeting called by liberals.
4. This caricature was created in 1820.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?

(a) A. 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) 1 , 2 and 4
2. Arrange the following in correct sequence:

1. Gandhi-Irwin Pact
2. Gandhi sent letter to Viceroy Lord Irwin.
3. Violation of Salt Act. by Mahatma Gandhi.
Options :
(a) 1, 2, 3 (b) 2, 3, 1
(c) 3, 2, 1 (d) 2, 1, 3
3. The system of indentured labor migration in the 19th century involved which of the following?
(a) Workers from Asia and Africa were contracted to work on European plantations.
(b) Wealthy European farmers migrated to Asia in search of better job opportunities.
(c) Slaves were transported from Africa to work on European-owned plantations in the Americas.
(d) European workers voluntarily moved to colonies for higher wages and better living conditions.
4. Print culture in 18th century Europe influenced the ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers. Which of
the following statements about the influence of print on the Enlightenment are correct?
1. Print helped spread ideas of reason and rationality.
2. Print allowed for greater criticism of absolute monarchy.
3. Print restricted the dissemination of revolutionary ideas.
4. Print contributed to the decline of scientific inquiry.
Options :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1 and 4
5. Which of the following best describes the impact of print culture on social reform movements in
colonial India during the 19th century?
(a) Reformers used print to spread ideas on caste discrimination, education, and women’s rights.
(b) Print culture had no significant impact on Indian society, as literacy rates were low.
(c) British authorities used print to suppress Indian reformers and limit their influence.
(d) Print culture focused mainly on promoting British economic policies and infrastructure.
6. Which of the following regions in India is known for its concentration of cotton textile industries?
(a) Mumbai-Pune region, which has a large number of textile mills.
(b) Kerala, which is primarily known for its rubber and spice plantations.
(c) Assam, known for tea plantations but not textiles.
(d) Rajasthan, which focuses more on handicrafts and marble production.

7. Wildlife sanctuaries and national parks play a crucial role in conserving biodiversity. Evaluate the
following statements:
1. National parks have stricter regulations compared to wildlife sanctuaries.
2. Poaching is a major threat faced by wildlife in protected areas.
3. Both national parks and wildlife sanctuaries prohibit any human activities within their
boundaries.
4. Wildlife corridors are established to connect different protected areas and facilitate animal
movement.
8. Soil conservation methods, such as terrace farming and _______ ploughing, are essential in
preventing soil erosion in hilly areas.
(a) Contour (b) Strip
(c) Vertical (d) Reverse
9. What is the significance of the Reservation Policy in India?

(a) To provide reserved seats in educational institutions and government jobs for marginalized
communities.
(b) To allocate exclusive rights to certain castes for government positions.
(c) To reserve specific areas in cities for minority religious groups.
(d) To restrict employment opportunities for upper-caste individuals in favor of lower castes.
10. In a democracy, political parties represent the interests of various groups. Which of the following
measures can help in reforming political parties in India?
1. Ensuring internal democracy within parties
2. Reducing the role of money in politics
3. Imposing restrictions on party formation
4. Promoting transparency in party funding
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1 and 4
11. Democracy promotes inclusiveness and participation in governance. Which of the following
outcomes of democracy enhance participation?
1. Equal voting rights for all citizens
2. Inclusion of diverse social groups in governance
3. Restricted access to decision-making for certain groups
4. Promotion of political awareness among citizens
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 2 and 4
12. _______ refers to a system where social divisions are based on hereditary occupation, which
continues to impact Indian society despite legal measures against discrimination.
(a) Secularism (b) Federalism
(c) Caste system (d) Patriarchy

Statement I: In India’s federal structure, the states have the power to legislate on subjects listed
in the State List.
Statement II: The Union List in the Indian Constitution contains subjects on which only state
governments can legislate.

Column A Column B
A. Gram sabha I. Gram panchayat group together to form this unit.
B. Gram panchayat II. It reviews the performance of the gram panchayat.
C. Zila parishad III. Decision making body for the entire village.
D. Mandals IV. Mandals in a district together constitute zilla . parishad
(a) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I (b) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
(c) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II (d) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
15. What is the main focus of the quaternary sector in the Indian economy?
(a) Extracting natural resources and farming activities.
(b) Manufacturing goods and constructing infrastructure.
(c) Providing services related to information, research, and technology.
(d) Retailing and wholesale trading of products.
16. The informal credit sector plays a significant role in rural India. Which of the following are
characteristics of informal sector credit?
1. Unregulated by the government
2. Higher interest rates compared to formal sector loans
3. Loans are generally provided without any collateral
4. Loans are available only from banks
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 3 (b) 1 and 4
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 2

Statement I: Outsourcing is a consequence of globalization where companies transfer production
to other countries.
Statement II: Globalization has no impact on employment in developing countries.

18. Match the following columns :

Column-I Column-II
(Type of Soil) (Crops Grown)
A. Arid soil 1. Cotton and groundnut
B. Black soil 2. Jowar and Bajra
C. Laterite soil 3. Tea and coffee
D. Mountain/Forest soil 4. Cashew and spices
Option :
(a) A - 4, B - 3, C - 1, D - 2 (b) A - 4, B - 1, C - 3, D - 2
(c) A - 2, B - 1, C - 4, D - 3 (d) A - 2, B - 4, C - 1, D - 3
Why does iron ore account for 50 percent of total mineral production?
(a) It is used in steel production.
(b) It is mainly used for making fertilizers.
(c) It is found in desert regions.
(d) It is primarily used in the agricultural sector.
Crop State A Yield (tons/hectare) State B Yield (tons/hectare)
Rice 4 6
Wheat 3 4.5
Why does state B have higher crop yields for both rice and wheat compared to state A?
(a) It depends on manual plowing.
(b) It has less fertile soil.
(c) It has more labor-intensive farming.
(d) It uses modern agricultural techniques.

SECTION - B
21. “Nationalism weakened the multi-ethnic empires in Europe.” Discuss how nationalist movements
contributed to the decline of empires like Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire.
22. “Automobile industry plays a key role in economic development.” Discuss its impact.
O
“Small-scale industries are vital for rural economies.” Explain how.
23. “Affirmative actions are essential for caste equality.” Justify this statement with suitable examples.
24. “Employment is a key indicator of development.” Explain the importance of employment in

measuring development.
SECTION - C
25. “The press was instrumental in mobilizing public opinion during the French Revolution.” Explain
26. “The impact of World War I accelerated the growth of Indian nationalism.” Explain the statement
27. “Vijay plans to harvest rainwater to supplement his farm’s water supply. He needs to understand
the best practices for rainwater harvesting.” Assist him in identifying effective rainwater harvesting
techniques suitable for his farm.
28. “Political parties facilitate voter choice and participation.” Explain the statement by giving any
three examples.
O
“Political parties help in organizing the government.” Explain the statement by giving any three
examples.
29. Between 1991 and 2020, India’s automotive industry has grown substantially, contributing to
exports and employment. Consequently, the automotive sector has become a vital component of
the Indian economy. Why has the automotive sector become so significant in India? Support your
SECTION - D
30. ‘The spread of the English language was a result of British imperialism.’ Explain the statement
O
‘The Silk Road facilitated not only trade but also cultural and technological exchanges.’ Justify
31. Neha’s village experiences excessive soil erosion during the rainy season. What measures should
the government take to conserve the soil, and how can community participation aid in this?
O
Raju finds that many resources around him, such as forests and minerals, are underutilized. What
are the reasons for the underutilization of resources in developing countries like India?
32. ‘Economic inequality remains a major challenge in democratic societies.’ Discuss how democracies
address or fail to address economic inequalities.
O
‘Corruption remains a persistent problem in many democracies.’ Discuss how corruption affects
the functioning of democratic governments.
33. Mr. B is interested in learning how loans can help small businesses grow. Explain how access to
credit from formal financial institutions, such as banks, can support entrepreneurs in expanding
their businesses and generating employment in their communities.
O
In a rural village, the expansion of banking services has allowed people to open accounts and save
money. How does the expansion of formal banking reduce dependence on informal credit, and how
does it promote financial inclusion?

SECTION - E
Reserved and protected forests are also referred to as permanent forest estates maintained for the
purpose of producing timber and other forest produce, and for protective reasons. Madhya Pradesh
has the largest area under permanent forests, constituting 75 percent of its total forest area. Jammu
and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, and Maharashtra
have large percentages of reserved forests of its total forest area whereas Bihar, Haryana, Punjab,
Himachal Pradesh, Odisha and Rajasthan have a bulk of it under protected forests.
Some estimates suggest that at least 10 percent of India’s recorded wild flora and 20 percent of its
mammals are on the threatened list. Many of these would now be categorised as ‘critical’, that is
on the verge of extinction like the cheetah, pink-headed duck, mountain quail, forest spotted owlet,
and plants like madhuca insignis (a wild variety of mahua) and hubbardia heptaneuron, (a species
of grass). In fact, no one can say how many species may have already been lost.
The world’s fastest land mammal, the cheetah (Acinonyx jubantus), is a unique and specialised
member of the cat family and can move at the speed of 112 km./hr. The cheetah is often mistaken
for a leopard. Its distinguishing marks are the long teardrop shaped lines on each side of the nose
from the corner of its eyes to its mouth. Prior to the 20th century, cheetahs were widely distributed
throughout Africa and Asia. Today, the Asian cheetah is nearly extinct due to a decline of available
habitat and prey. The species was declared extinct in India long back in 1952.
Questions:
1. Which Indian state cover 75% total forest area in India?
2. How many percent of mammals are on the threatened list in India?
3. How can we distinguish Cheetah from leopard?
Power sharing arrangements can also be seen in the way political parties, pressure groups and
movements control or influence those in power. In a democracy, the citizens must have freedom
to choose among various contenders for power. In contemporary democracies, this takes the form
of competition among different parties. Such competition ensures that power does not remain in
one hand. In the long run, power is shared among different political parties that represent different
ideologies and social groups. Sometimes this kind of sharing can be direct, when two or more parties
form an alliance to contest elections. If their alliance is elected, they form a coalition government
and thus share power. In a democracy, we find interest groups such as those of traders, businessmen,
industrialists, farmers and industrial workers. They also will have share in governmental power,
either through participation in governmental committees or bringing influence on the decision-
making process.
Questions:
1. ‘Power sharing is an essential component of democracy.’ Give one example to prove the
statement.
2. How is alliance building an example of power sharing?
3. How Political parties, pressure groups and movements help in controlling or influencing those
who are in power?
In June 1992, more than 100 heads of states met in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, for the first International
Earth Summit. The Summit was convened for addressing urgent problems of environmental
protection and socio-economic development at the global level. The assembled leaders signed the
Declaration on Global Climatic Change and Biological Diversity. The Rio Convention endorsed the
global Forest Principles and adopted Agenda 21 for achieving Sustainable Development in the 21st
century.
It is the declaration signed by world leaders in 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment
and Development (UNCED), which took place at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It aims at achieving global
sustainable development. It is an agenda to combat environmental damage, poverty, disease through
global co-operation on common interests, mutual needs and shared responsibilities. One major
objective of the Agenda 21 is that every local government should draw its own local Agenda 21.
Questions :
1. When and where was the first International Earth Summit held?
2. Analyse the reason for adopting Agenda 21 for achieving Sustainable Development in the 21st
century.
3. Mention the aims of United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED),
which took place at Rio de Janeiro.
SECTION-F
and write their correct Name on the line drawn near them.
(A) A place marked by a where the satyagraha movement of former took place.
(B) The place where Indian congress session was held in 1927.
symbol.
(i) Ramagundan-Thermal power plant
(ii) Tarapur-Atomic power plant
(iii)Indore-Cotton textile Industry center
(iv) Bhilai-Iron and steel plant
www.nodia.i
Sample Paper 14
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A
1. Following portrait of Bal Gangadhar Tilak is surrounded by symbols of

(a) Symbols of Freedom (b) Symbols of Unity

(c) Symbols of Equality (d) Symbols of Nationalism
2. Arrange the following in the chronological order :

1. Kheda Satyagraha
2. Non-cooperation movement
3. Simon commission
4. Rowlatt Act
5. Salt March
Options :
(a) 5, 3, 2, 4, 1 (b) 5, 3, 4, 2, 1
(c) 1, 3, 2, 4, 5 (d) 1, 4, 2, 3, 5
3. The Vernacular Press Act passed by the British government in 1878 had what impact on Indian
newspapers?
(a) It allowed the British to censor and suppress any content that was critical of their rule.
(b) It encouraged the growth of vernacular newspapers by offering financial incentives.
(c) It promoted the use of English as the official language in all Indian newspapers.
(d) It restricted Indian access to newspapers and books printed in Britain.
4. The Congress of Vienna, held in 1815, was aimed at restoring the balance of power in Europe after
the Napoleonic Wars. Which of the following were objectives of the Congress of Vienna?
1. Restore the pre-Napoleonic monarchies
2. Create a unified Germany
3. Prevent future French expansion
4. Maintain a balance of power between European states
Options :
(a) 1, 3, and 4 (b) 1 and 4
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 2 and 4
5. Which social class was instrumental in driving the nationalist movements in Europe during the
19th century?
(a) The aristocracy, who aimed to maintain their traditional privileges.
(b) The bourgeoisie, including educated middle-class professionals and businessmen.
(c) The peasantry, who were primarily concerned with agricultural issues.
(d) The working class, who focused on labor rights and industrial reforms.
6. Which of the following is an example of an inland river basin in India where groundwater depletion
has become a significant problem?
(a) The Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin, which receives heavy rainfall and has abundant water
resources.
(b) The Indus Basin, where intensive agriculture has led to the over-extraction of groundwater.
(c) The Amazon River Basin, located in South America, not affecting India.
(d) The Rhine River Basin, which is located in Europe and not relevant to Indian geography.

7. Sustainable development focuses on meeting present needs without compromising future

generations. In the context of India’s development, several strategies have been implemented to
achieve sustainability. Consider the following statements:
1. Sustainable development emphasizes the balanced use of natural resources.
2. It prioritizes economic growth over environmental conservation.
3. Renewable energy sources are a key component of sustainable development.
4. Sustainable development disregards social equity and focuses solely on economic factors.
8. The term _______ refers to the variety of plant and animal life in a given area, and it is
essential for the stability of ecosystems.
(a) Biodiversity (b) Wildlife sanctuary
(c) Conservation (d) National park
9. What is the role of opposition parties in a democratic system?

(a) They support the ruling government and help implement its policies.
(b) They hold the government accountable and provide alternative policies and viewpoints.
(c) They discourage public participation in elections by minimizing their presence.
(d) They focus only on winning elections without engaging in governance.
10. One of the key outcomes of democracy is the protection of individual freedoms. Which of the
following are examples of individual freedoms protected in a democracy?
1. Freedom of speech and expression
2. Freedom to participate in peaceful protests
3. Freedom to elect and be elected to public office
4. Freedom to limit other citizens’ rights
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1 and 4 (d) 3 and 4
11. Power-sharing in democracies helps to avoid conflicts. Which of the following best describes
horizontal power-sharing?
1. Power shared between the central and state governments.
2. Power shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive, and
judiciary.
3. Power shared between different social groups.
4. Power shared among different levels of government.
Options :


Statement I: Political parties are essential for the functioning of a democracy.
Statement II: All political parties in India must be registered under the Representation of the
People Act.

Statement I: Secularism in India ensures equal treatment of all religions by the state.
Statement II: Religious personal laws apply uniformly to all citizens irrespective of their religion.
14. Match the following items given in column-I with those in column-II. Choose the correct answer
from the codes given below :
Column-I Column-II
A. Gully erosion 1. Develop under tropical and subtropical climate
B. Bad land 2. Old Alluvial soil
C. Laterite soil 3. Chambal Basin
D. Bhangar 4. Land unfit for cultivation
Option :
(a) A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1 (b) A - 4, B - 1, C - 3, D - 2
(c) A - 3, B - 4, C - 1, D - 2 (d) A - 3, B - 4, C - 2, D - 1
15. How does savings contribute to the availability of funds for credit in the banking system?
(a) Savings are kept as idle funds and do not influence credit availability.
(b) Savings deposited in banks are used by banks to provide loans and credit to borrowers.
(c) Savings are directly lent out by individuals to other individuals without bank involvement.
(d) Savings reduce the amount of money available for banks to lend, limiting credit.
16. Trade liberalization refers to the removal of trade barriers between countries. Which of the
following are examples of trade liberalization policies?
1. Reducing import duties
2. Removing restrictions on the movement of goods
3. Increasing subsidies for domestic producers
4. Imposing quotas on foreign goods
Options :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 4 (d) 3 and 4


Statement I: Sustainable development aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Statement II: Sustainable development focuses solely on economic growth without considering
environmental aspects.

List I List I
A. Soybean 1. Kharif
B. Peas 2. Leguminous
C. Groundnut 3. Zaid
D. Watermelon 4. Rabi
Option :
(a) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3 (b) A-3, B-4, C-2,D-1
(c) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 (d) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
Why does coal contribute 60 percent of the total energy produced?

(a) It is widely used in thermal power plants.
(b) It is a renewable source of energy.
(c) It is cheaper than other energy sources.
(d) It requires less infrastructure for extraction.

State Copper Production (in tons) Bauxite Production (in tons)
G 5000 10,000
H 8000 15,000
Why does state H have higher production of both copper and bauxite compared to state G?
(a) It imports raw materials.
(b) It has more mineral reserves.
(c) It lacks mineral resources.
(d) It is a less industrialized state.
SECTION - B
21. The role of the Muslim League was significant in Indian nationalism.” Discuss the contribution of
the Muslim League to the nationalist movement in India.
22. Diversification in agriculture reduces risks and enhances income.” Explain how.
O
Agricultural practices influence the environment.” Discuss the positive and negative impacts.
23. Regional parties address local issues effectively.” Justify this statement with suitable examples.
24. Agriculture remains the dominant sector in India’s economy.” Explain the reasons supporting this
statement.
SECTION - C
25. The Napoleonic Wars spread the ideas of nationalism across Europe.” Explain the statement by
26. Imperialism was driven by the quest for new markets and resources.” Explain the statement by
27. Raj wants to invest in the service sector by opening a restaurant. However, he lacks knowledge
about the infrastructural resources necessary for this venture.” Guide him in identifying the
infrastructural resources needed to establish a successful restaurant.

28. Democracy enhances social justice.” Explain the statement by giving any three examples.
O
Democracy promotes peace and stability.” Explain the statement by giving any three examples.
29. Over the years, India’s stock market has grown, providing companies with avenues to raise capital
and investors with investment opportunities. Consequently, the stock market has become a key
component of India’s financial system. Why has the stock market become so significant in India?
SECTION - D
30. The emergence of vernacular languages in print media strengthened regional identities.’ Explain
the statement with relevant points.
O
The role of literature was pivotal in shaping modern national identities.’ Justify the statement
31. Rahul finds that the wildlife population in his region has significantly declined. What might be
the reasons for the loss of biodiversity, and how can forest policies help in wildlife conservation?
O
Suraj observes frequent conflicts between wildlife and local communities due to shrinking forest
habitats. What steps should be taken to minimize human-wildlife conflicts?
32. Sri Lanka’s majoritarianism led to civil unrest and conflict.’ Analyse the consequences of
majoritarianism in Sri Lanka.
O
Vertical power sharing distributes power across different levels of government.’ Substantiate the
statement with examples.
33. Mr. B wants to know about the effects of globalization on Indian agriculture. How has globalization
impacted the agricultural sector in India, especially in terms of export opportunities and competition
with foreign products?
O
A small handicraft producer in India struggles to compete with cheaper imported goods. How does
globalization affect small-scale producers in developing countries, and what can the government do
to help these industries remain competitive?

SECTION - E
Most of the objections to the projects arose due to their failure to achieve the purposes for which
they were built. Ironically, the dams that were constructed to control the floods have triggered floods
due to sedimentation in the reservoir. Moreover, the big dams have mostly been unsuccessful in
controlling floods at the time of excessive rainfall. You may have seen or read how the release of
water from the dams during heavy rains aggravated the flood situation in Maharashtra and Gujarat
in 2006. The floods have not only devastated life and property but also caused extensive soil erosion.
Sedimentation also meant that the flood plains were deprived of silt, a natural fertiliser, further
adding on to the problem of land degradation. It was also observed that the multi-purpose projects
induced earthquakes, caused water-borne diseases and pests and pollution resulting from excessive
use of water.
Questions :
1. Name the movement against the river project in Gujarat.
2. How have the big dams mostly been unsuccessful in controlling floods at the time of excessive
rainfall ?
3. Analyse any two merits of multi-purpose river projects.
A second test for Indian federation is the language policy. Our Constitution did not give the status
of national language to any one language.
Hindi was identified as the official language. But Hindi is the mother tongue of only about 40 per
cent of Indians. Therefore, there were many safeguards to protect other languages. Besides Hindi,
there are 21 other languages recognised as Scheduled Languages by the Constitution. A candidate in
an examination conducted for the Central Government positions may opt to take the examination
in any of these languages.
States too have their own official languages. Much of the government work takes place in the
official language of the concerned state. Unlike Sri Lanka, the leaders of our country adopted a very
cautious attitude in spreading the use of Hindi.
According to the Constitution, the use of English for official purposes was to stop in 1965. However,
many non-Hindi speaking states demanded that the use of English continue. In Tamil Nadu, this
movement took a violent form. The Central Government responded by agreeing to continue the use
of English along with Hindi for official purposes.
Many critics think that this solution favoured the English speaking elite. Promotion of Hindi
continues to be the official policy of the Government of India. Promotion does not mean that the
Central Government can impose Hindi on states where people speak a different language. The
flexibility shown by Indian political leaders helped our country avoid the kind of situation that Sri
Lanka finds itself in.
Questions :
1. Our Constitution did not give the status of national language to any one language. Why?
2. Evaluate the importance of continuing English as the official language of India.
3. State the differences between India and Sri Lanka on the basis of status of language.
36. Read the passage given below and answer the questions followed:
Population trends and dynamics can have an enormous effect on prospects for poverty reduction
and sustainable development. Poverty is influenced by – and influences – population dynamics,
including population growth, age structure, and rural-urban distribution. All of this has a critical
impact on a country’s development prospects and prospects for raising living standards for the poor.
Investments in better health, including reproductive health, are essential for individual security
and for reducing mortality and morbidity (the condition of suffering from a disease or medical
condition), which in turn improve a country’s productivity and development prospects.
Questions :
1. How does investing in improved healthcare infrastructure contribute to the reduction of
preventable diseases and chronic conditions?
2. Explain the relationship between population trends and poverty reduction.
3. ‘Poverty is influenced by – and influences – population dynamics, including population growth,
age structure, and rural-urban distribution.’ Analyse the statement and highlight the mutual
relationship between poverty and population.
SECTION-F
symbols.
www.nodia.i
Sample Paper 15
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A
(a) Overseas trade in western Indian ocean.

(b) Indian indentured labourers.
(c) Diggers at work in the Transvaal gold fields.
(d) Emigrants waiting to board the ship.
2. At which place, Catholic priests printed the first Tamil book in 1579?
(a) Cuttack (b) Cochin
(c) Calcutta (d) Madras
3. The Zollverein, formed in 1834, was a customs union among German states. What was its primary
objective?
(a) To create a military alliance against external threats.
(b) To eliminate internal tariffs and promote economic unity among German states.
(c) To establish a federal constitution for a unified Germany.
(d) To divide German territories among competing regional powers.
4. The Salt March, or Dandi March, in 1930 was a pivotal moment in the Civil Disobedience
Movement. Which of the following were objectives of the Salt March?
1. Protest against the salt tax imposed by the British
2. Demand for Purna Swaraj (complete independence)
3. Strengthening of the Swadeshi movement
4. Establishment of British dominance in Indian markets
Options :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1, 2, and 3
(c) 2 and 4 (d) 1 and 4
5. Which method is commonly used to prevent soil erosion on hilly terrains by constructing steps on
slopes to slow down water flow?
(a) Contour ploughing, which involves ploughing along the contour lines of the land.
(b) Terrace farming, which involves creating flat surfaces on slopes to prevent soil erosion.
(c) Strip cropping, where crops are grown in alternate strips to prevent water runoff.
(d) Mulching, where a layer of organic material is spread to protect the soil from erosion.
6. The Chipko Movement was a significant environmental movement in India. Analyze the following
statements about the Chipko Movement:
1. It was a non-violent movement aimed at protecting forests from commercial logging.
2. The movement involved villagers physically hugging trees to prevent them from being cut
down.
3. The Chipko Movement was initiated in the state of Rajasthan.
4. It led to the passing of stricter forest conservation laws in India.
Options :
7. Which of the following problems is commonly associated with the overuse of groundwater resources
in agricultural areas?
(a) Waterlogging, which damages crops by causing excessive water retention in the soil.
(b) Soil erosion, where topsoil is carried away by wind or water.
(c) Depletion of the water table, making it difficult to access groundwater for irrigation.
(d) Forest degradation, which occurs when trees are cut down for agricultural expansion.


Statement I: Monsoon is the main source of irrigation in India.
Statement II: The Green Revolution increased agricultural production through the use of high-
yielding varieties of seeds and fertilizers.
9. Which of the following is a negative outcome of democracy that can pose challenges to governance?
(a) Encouragement of diverse opinions and healthy debates.
(b) Slow decision-making due to extensive consultation and consensus-building.
(c) Empowerment of marginalized communities through inclusive policies.
(d) Increased transparency and accountability in government operations.
10. The principle of majoritarianism was adopted in Sri Lanka, leading to civil strife. Which of the
following were reasons for the Tamil protests in Sri Lanka?
1. Denial of equal political rights
2. Discrimination in jobs and education
3. The use of Sinhala as the official language
4. Equal treatment of all linguistic groups
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 3 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 1, 3, and 4 (d) 2 and 4
11. Local governments in India have been empowered by constitutional amendments. Which of the
following are functions of local governments under the 73rd Amendment Act?
1. Decision-making on local issues
2. Raising taxes for local development
3. Control over defense and national security
4. Implementation of rural development programs
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 4 (d) 3 and 4
12. Secularism in India means that the state does not promote any one _______, and citizens are
free to practice, propagate, and profess their religious beliefs.
(a) Language (b) Religion
(c) Political party (d) Culture

Statement I: The main function of political parties is to mobilize support for government policies.
Statement II: Political parties in India are prohibited from collaborating with each other.

C. Chambal 3. Salal
D. Chenab 4. Rana Pratap Sagar
Options:
(a) A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1 (b) A - 3, B - 4, C - 1, D - 2
(c) A - 2, B - 1, C - 4, D - 3 (d) A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4
15. How has globalization affected the employment opportunities in the service sector of India?
(a) It has reduced employment opportunities by automating service jobs.
(b) It has increased employment opportunities by expanding industries like IT, BPO, and tourism.
(c) It has had no impact on the service sector’s employment landscape.
(d) It has shifted employment from the service sector to the primary and secondary sectors.
16. Per capita income is often used to compare countries’ levels of development. Which of the following
statements about per capita income are correct?
1. It is the total income of the country divided by its population.
2. It does not reflect income inequalities within a country.
3. It is a reliable indicator of the quality of life.
4. Higher per capita income always leads to better development.
Options :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 4
17. Underemployment or disguised unemployment is prevalent in the _______ sector, where more
people are employed than actually required.
(a) Tertiary (b) Primary
(c) Secondary (d) Manufacturing

Column-I Column-II
(Type of Soil) (States)
A. Laterite soil 1. Western Madhya Pradesh
B. Alluvial soil 2. Western Rajasthan
C. Black soil 3. Karnataka
D. Arid soil 4. Uttar Pradesh
Option :
(a) A - 4, B - 3, C - 1, D - 2 (b) A - 4, B - 1, C - 3, D - 2
(c) A - 3, B - 4, C - 1, D - 2 (d) A - 3, B - 1, C - 2, D - 1

Why does India hold 30% of the world’s iron ore reserves?
(a) India has rich deposits of high-grade iron ore.
(b) It exports most of its iron ore.
(c) It uses iron ore for chemical production.
(d) It focuses on domestic iron ore consumption.
Country Literacy Rate (%) Life Expectancy (in years)
Country X 70 68
Country Y 85 75
Why does Country Y have a higher life expectancy than Country X?
(a) It lacks natural resources. (b) It has a lower birth rate.
(c) It has a higher population density. (d) It has better healthcare facilities.
SECTION - B
21. The Holocaust was a tragic outcome of World War II.” Explain the causes and consequences of
the Holocaust.
22. Non-renewable resources are limited and can be exhausted.” Justify this statement with suitable
examples.
23. Democracy promotes social justice and equality.” Justify the statement with suitable arguments.
O
Economic development is linked to democratic governance.” Explain the relationship between
democracy and economic growth.

24. Inflation affects the value of money.” Explain how inflation impacts the purchasing power of
money.
SECTION - C
25. Sonia aims to start a dairy farm and is unaware of the best practices for animal husbandry
to ensure high milk yield.” Assist her in identifying effective animal husbandry practices for a
successful dairy farm.
26. The emergence of periodicals facilitated the exchange of scientific and literary ideas.” Explain the
27. Suresh aims to protect endangered species in his local area. He is unsure about the measures
that can be taken to safeguard these species.” Help him identify effective measures to protect
endangered wildlife species.
28. Power sharing promotes equality among different groups in society.” Explain the statement by
29. Over the past few decades, India’s participation in global supply chains has increased, integrating
its industries with the world market. As a result, supply chain integration has become crucial
for India’s economic growth. Why is supply chain integration important for India? Support your
O
With the growth of global tourism, India has attracted visitors from around the world, boosting its
tourism industry. Consequently, global tourism has become a significant part of India’s economy.
Why has global tourism become so important in India? Support your answer by giving any three
reasons.

SECTION - D
30. The Concert of Europe aimed to maintain the balance of power.’ Substantiate the statement with
key features of the Concert.
O
The ideas of Johann Gottfried Herder influenced European nationalism.’ Explain the statement
31. Sunil learns that water resources are unevenly distributed in India. What factors contribute to the
uneven distribution of water resources, and how can this issue be addressed?
O
Kamla’s village practices traditional methods of irrigation that waste water. What modern
irrigation methods can be adopted to improve water-use efficiency?
32. The division of powers between the Centre and States is a key feature of federalism.’ Analyse the
importance of this division of power.
O
The success of federalism in India can be attributed to democratic politics.’ Substantiate this
statement with relevant examples.
33. Rural development is critical for a country like India, where a significant portion of the population
lives in villages. Explain how government programs aimed at improving infrastructure, agriculture,
and access to education can contribute to rural development and enhance the overall growth of
the nation.
O
In a town, the average income has increased, but environmental degradation has also worsened.
Explain why sustainable development is important in this scenario and suggest ways to balance
economic growth with environmental conservation.

SECTION - E
Boys and girls are brought up to believe that the main responsibility of women is housework and
bringing up children. This is reflected in a Sexual Division of Labour in most families; women do all
work inside the home such as cooking, cleaning, washing clothes, tailoring, looking after children,
etc., and men do all the work outside the home. It is not that men cannot do housework; they simply
think that it is for women to attend to these things. When these jobs are paid for, men are ready to
take up these works, Most tailors or cooks in hotels are men. Similarly, it is not that women do not
work outside their home. In villages, women fetch water, collect fuel and work in fields. In urban
areas, poor women work as domestic helper in middle class homes, while middle class women work
in offices. In fact the majority of women do some sort of paid work in addition to domestic labour.
But their work is not valued and does not get recognition.
Questions :
1. “Our society is still male-dominated patriarchal society”. Give an example to support the
statement.
2. Mention any one feature of a patriarchal society.
3. How does the Indian Constitution ensure equal representation for women?
The Government in India buys wheat and rice from farmers at a ‘fair price’. This it stores in its
godowns and sells at a lower price to consumers through ration shops. The government has to bear
some of the cost. In this way, the government supports both farmers and consumers. There are a
large number of activities which are the primary responsibility of the government. The government
must spend on these. Providing health and education facilities for all is one example. Running
proper schools and providing quality education, particularly elementary education, is the duty of
the government. India’s size of illiterate population is one of the largest in the world. Similarly, we
know that nearly half of India’s children are malnourished and a quarter of them are critically ill.
The infant mortality rate of Odisha (40) or Madhya Pradesh (48) is higher than some of the poorest
regions of the world. Government also needs to pay attention to aspects of human development such
as availability of safe drinking water, housing facilities for the poor and food and nutrition. It is
also the duty of the government to take care of the poorest and most ignored regions of the country
through increased spending in such areas.
Questions :
1. Why is there a need of public sector in an economy?
2. Give some examples of public sector.
3. Differentiate between the private and public sectors.

36. Study the sources given below and answer the questions that follows:
Over a long time (more than hundred years), and especially because new methods of manufacturing
were introduced, factories came up and started expanding. Those people who had earlier worked on
farms, now began to work in factories in large numbers. People began to use many more goods that
were produced in factories at cheap rates. Secondary sector gradually became the most important in
total production and employment. Hence, over time, a shift had taken place. This means that the
importance of the sectors had changed.
The unorganised sector is characterised by small and scattered units which are largely outside the
control of the government. There are rules and regulations, but these are not followed. Jobs here
are low-paid and often not regular. There is no provision for overtime, paid leave, holidays, leave
due to sickness etc. Employment is not secure. People can be asked to leave without any reason.
When there is less work, such as during some seasons, some people may be asked to leave. A lot
also depends on the whims of the employer. This sector includes a large number of people who are
employed on their own doing small jobs such as selling on the street or doing repair work. Similarly,
farmers work on their own and hire labourers as and when they require.
More than half of the workers in the country are working in the primary sector, mainly in agriculture,
producing only a quarter of the GDP. In contrast to this, the secondary and tertiary sectors produce
three fourth of the products whereas they employ less than half of the people. Does this mean that
the workers in agriculture are not producing as much as they could? What it means is that there are
more people in ag-riculture than is necessary. So, even if you move a few people out, production will
not be affected. In other words, workers in agricultural sector are underemployed.
Question :
1. This means that the importance of the sectors had changed. Which sector has lost its prior
importance?
2. Why do most people engage in unorganized sector in spite of it’s bad working conditions?
3. “What it means is that there are more people in agriculture than is necessary. So, even if
you move a few people out, production will not be affected”. What type of employment or
unemployment situation is referred by this statement?
SECTION-F
(A) The place where Mahatma Gandhi broke the salt law.
(B) The place where mass massacre took place in Amritsar on 13 April 1919.
symbols.
(i) Haldia - Major sea port
(ii) Nuclear Power Plant in UP
(iii)Tehri - Dam
(iv) Thiruvananthapuram - International Airport
www.nodia.i
Sample Paper 16
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A
Which of the following best signifies the above image?

(a) Jikji of Korea
(b) A Portrait of Johann Gutenberg, 1584
(c) Gutenberg Printing Press
(d) Pages of Gutenberg’s Bible
2. Arrange the following events of world history in increasing order of their date of occurrence
1. Unification of Italy
2. Vienna Peace Settlement
3. Napoleon wars begin
4. Unification of Germany
(a) 3, 2, 1, 4 (b) 2, 3, 4, 1
(c) 2, 4, 3, 1 (d) 4, 3, 2, 1
3. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919 had what significant impact on the Indian freedom struggle?
(a) It led to widespread anger and the beginning of the Non-Cooperation Movement.
(b) It convinced Indian leaders to cooperate with the British for gradual reforms.
(c) It caused Mahatma Gandhi to abandon non-violence in favor of armed rebellion.
(d) It resulted in the British government granting limited self-rule to India.
4. The 19th century saw the rise of a global agricultural economy. Which of the following contributed
to the creation of a global agricultural economy?
1. Expansion of European colonialism
2. Growth of international markets for agricultural products
3. Mechanization of farming in colonies
4. Development of global transport networks
Options :
(a) 1 and 4 (b) 1, 2, and 4
(c) 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, and 3
5. Which of the following biogeographical regions in India is known for its unique and rich biodiversity,
including several endemic species?
(a) The Deccan Plateau, which is primarily known for its arid climate and mineral resources.
(b) The Western Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot with a high number of endemic plant and animal
species.
(c) The Thar Desert, which is a dry region with limited biodiversity compared to other areas
(d) The Indo-Gangetic Plains, which are known for their fertile soil but not high biodiversity.
6. India has implemented several large-scale water projects to manage its water resources. Analyze
the following statements about multi-purpose projects like the Bhakra Nangal Dam:
1. These projects are designed solely for hydroelectric power generation.
2. They provide irrigation facilities to large agricultural areas, enhancing food production.
3. Multi-purpose projects help in flood control by regulating river flow.
4. Such dams have no impact on local ecosystems and communities.
Options :

7. Which of the following agricultural practices helps in conserving soil and water by growing different
types of crops on the same piece of land?
(a) Crop rotation, where different crops are grown in succession to improve soil health.
(b) Monoculture, which involves growing only one type of crop year after year.
(c) Shifting cultivation, where land is cleared for farming and then abandoned after a few years.
(d) Slash and burn agriculture, where vegetation is burned to clear land for cultivation.

Statement I: Coal is a non-metallic mineral.
Statement II: India has significant reserves of iron ore.
9. What is the significance of cooperative federalism in India’s power-sharing mechanism?

(a) It encourages states to work independently without interference from the central government.
(b) It promotes collaboration between the central and state governments to achieve common goals.
(c) It allows the central government to impose policies on states without their consent.
(d) It restricts states from enacting their own laws, ensuring uniformity across the country.
10. The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments were passed to strengthen local government
institutions. Which of the following provisions were introduced by these amendments?
1. Reservation of seats for women in local bodies
2. Introduction of local governments in urban and rural areas
3. Central government control over local governments
4. Regular elections to local government institutions
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 2 and 4 (d) 1 and 3
11. Gender inequality persists in India despite legal safeguards. Which of the following are challenges
faced by women in India?
1. Unequal access to education
2. Domestic violence
3. Equal representation in parliament
4. Unequal wages for the same work
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 1, 3, and 4 (d) 2 and 4

12. One of the major challenges facing political parties in India is the lack of _______ democracy
within parties, where decisions are often made by a few top leaders rather than through consultation
with members.
(a) Public (b) Local
(c) Internal (d) Electoral
13. Consider the following statements regarding power-sharing in Belgium and choose the correct
answer:
Statement I : Belgium’s power-sharing model accommodated different linguistic groups by ensuring
an equal number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers.
Statement II : Belgium’s unique arrangement led to a peaceful and stable political environment.
(a) Only Statement I is correct
(b) Only Statement II is correct
(c) Both Statements I and II are correct
(d) Both Statements I and II are incorrect

C. Millets 3. Warm and moist climate with high altitude
Option :
(a) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3 (b) A-3, B-4, C-1,D-2
(c) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 (d) A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
15. Which of the following best explains the concept of economic inequality within a developing
country?
(a) Uniform distribution of income and wealth among all citizens.
(b) Significant disparities in income and wealth distribution, leading to social and economic
divisions.
(c) Complete absence of poverty and equitable access to resources for everyone.
(d) Government policies that ensure equal opportunities for all economic classes.
16. The secondary sector is crucial for industrial growth in India. Which of the following industries
belong to the secondary sector?
1. Textile production
2. Mining and quarrying
3. Manufacturing
4. Banking and finance
Options :
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1, 2, and 3 (d) 3 and 4
17. Formal credit institutions, such as banks and cooperatives, are monitored by the _______ to
ensure that loans are given at reasonable rates of interest.
(a) Finance Ministry
(b) World Bank
(c) Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
(d) Commercial Banks
18. Match the following from List I and List II:

List I List II
A. Rice 1. Temperature- 25° C, Rainfall- 100 cm-200 cm
B. Wheat 2. Temperature- 20-25° C, Rainfall- 50 cm-75 cm
C. Maize 3. Temperature- 21-25° C, Rainfall- 50 cm-75 cm
D. Pulses 4. Temperature- 20-25° C, Rainfall- 50 cm-75 cm
Option :
(a) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
(b) A-3, B-4, C-2,D-1
(c) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
(d) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
Why does the steel industry contribute 30 percent of total industrial output?
(a) It supports infrastructure development.
(b) It is mostly used for the textile industry.
(c) It requires less energy than other industries.
(d) It is primarily used in agriculture.

Sector Contribution to GDP (in %) Employment (in %)
Primary Sector 25 50
Secondary Sector 30 25
Tertiary Sector 45 25
Why does the tertiary sector have the highest contribution to GDP but lower employment?
(a) It is a labor-intensive sector.
(b) It lacks growth potential.
(c) It requires more skilled labor and technology.
(d) It depends on primary sector output.
SECTION - B
21. “Print media was instrumental in the spread of nationalist ideas.” Explain how print media
fostered nationalism.
22. “Protected areas are important for wildlife preservation.” Explain how they contribute.
23. “Joint decision-making between center and states is a feature of power sharing.” Explain the
significance of this feature.
O
“Federalism in India accommodates its vast diversity.” Justify the statement with appropriate
arguments.
24. “Information Technology is a driving force behind globalization.” Explain how IT has facilitated
globalization.
SECTION - C
25. “Lalita is concerned about the depletion of fossil fuels and wants to explore alternative energy
options for her household.” Help her identify sustainable and alternative energy sources that can
replace fossil fuels for household use.

26. Romanticism influenced the development of national consciousness in Europe.” Explain the
27. Vikas plans to enhance the healthcare infrastructure in his region. He is unsure about the critical
elements that make up a robust healthcare system.” Help him identify the key elements required
to develop a strong and effective healthcare infrastructure in his region.
28. Federalism accommodates regional differences in a nation.” Explain the statement by giving any
three examples.
29. Between 1990 and 2020, India has witnessed a rise in urbanization, leading to the growth of
cities and urban areas. Consequently, urban development has become a key aspect of India’s
development plans. Why has urban development become so important in India’s development
strategy? Support your answer by giving any three reasons.
O
India has made strides in improving gender equality over the past few decades, enhancing women’s
participation in various sectors. As a result, gender equality has become a vital component of
India’s development agenda. Why is gender equality important for India’s overall development?
SECTION - D
30. The Salt March symbolized the unity and strength of the Indian nationalist movement.’ Substantiate
the statement with key features.
O
The role of leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose was instrumental in shaping
Indian nationalism.’ Explain the statement with relevant points.
31. Arjun notices that the use of chemical fertilizers is leading to soil degradation in his village. What
are the impacts of overusing chemical fertilizers, and how can organic farming be promoted?
O
Vandana’s community is interested in crop diversification. What are the benefits of crop
diversification, and how can it help improve farmers’ income?

32. ‘Affirmative action policies have helped in addressing caste discrimination.’ Explain the role of
reservation policies in promoting social justice.
O
‘The intersection of caste, gender, and religion creates multiple layers of discrimination.’ Analyse
how these factors contribute to social inequalities.
33. Mr. B is interested in starting a small manufacturing unit in his village. How does the growth
of the secondary sector, especially in industries and manufacturing, contribute to the economic
development of a country, and how can it create more employment opportunities for people?
O
Young people are migrating from rural areas to cities for jobs in the service sector. What are the
benefits of this migration for the economy, and what challenges does it pose for rural communities?
SECTION - E
We can understand the necessity of political parties by imagining a situation without parties. Every
candidate in the elections will be independent. So, no one will be able to make any promises to the
people about any major policy changes. The government may be formed, but its utility will remain
ever uncertain.
Elected representatives will be accountable to their constituency for what they do in the locality. But,
no one will be responsible for how the country will be run.
We can also think about it by looking at the non-party based elections to the panchayat in many
states. Although, the parties do not contest formally, it is generally noticed that the village gets split
into more than one faction, each of which puts up a ‘panel’ of its candidates.
Thus, it exactly what the party does. That is the reason, we find political parties in almost all
countries of the world whether these countries are big or small, old or new, developed or developing .
The rise of political parties is directly linked to the emergence of representative democracies. As we
have seen, large societies need representative democracy. As societies became large and complex,
they also needed some agency to gather different views on various issues and to present these to the
government. They needed some ways, to bring various representatives together so that a responsible
government could be formed. They needed a mechanism to support or restrain the government,
make policies, justify or oppose them. Political parties fulfill these needs that every representative
government has. We can say that parties are a necessary condition for a democracy.
Questions :
1. What is the necessity of political parties in the efficient and effective running of the democracy?
2. What do you understand by the term ‘responsible government’ ?
3. State any two features of representative democracy.
Money is a fascinating subject and full of curiosities. The history of money and how various forms
were used at different times is an interesting story. Modern forms of money are linked to the
banking system. The present situation in India, where newer forms of money are slowly spreading
with computerisation of the banking system, offers many opportunities to students to explore on
their own. We need not get into a formal discussion of the ‘functions of money’ but let it come up as
questions. The stock of money consists of currency held by the public and the demand deposits that
they hold with the banks. This is the money that people can use as they wish and the government
has to ensure that the system works smoothly. What would happen when the government declares
that some of the currency notes used by people would be made invalid and would be replaced by
new currency? In India, during November 2016, currency notes in the denomination of ` 500 and
` 1,000 were declared invalid. People were asked to surrender these notes to the bank by a specific
period and receive new ` 500, ` 2,000 or other currency notes. This is known as ‘demonetisation’.
Since then, people were also encouraged to use their bank deposits rather than cash for transactions.
Hence, digital transactions started by using bank-to-bank transfer through the internet or mobile
phones, cheques, ATM cards, credit cards and Point of Sale (POS) swipe machines at shops. This
is promoted to reduce the requirement of cash for transactions and also control corruption.
Questions :
1. What can be counted as a modern form of money?
2. Which factor according to the given case primarily facilitates the expansion of newer currency?
3. State the possible benefits from demonetisation.
36. Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follows :
Every loan agreement specifies an interest rate which the borrower must pay to the lender along with
the repayment of the principal. In addition, lenders may demand collateral (security) against loans.
Collateral is an asset that the borrower owns (such as land, building, vehicle, livestocks, deposits
with banks) and uses this as a guarantee to a lender until the loan is repaid.
moneylenders, traders, employers, relatives and friends, etc. The Reserve Bank of India supervises
the functioning of formal sources of loans. For instance, we have seen that the banks maintain a
minimum cash balance out of the deposits they receive. The RBI monitors the banks in actually
maintaining cash balance.
Banks keep only a small proportion of their deposits as cash with themselves. For example, banks
in India these days hold about 15 per cent of their deposits as cash. This is kept as provision to pay
the depositors who might come to withdraw money from the bank on any given day. Since, on any
particular day, only some of its many depositors come to withdraw cash, the bank is able to manage
with this cash.
Questions :
1. What do you mean by collateral in banking system?
2. Who supervises the functioning of formal sources of loans?
3. What per cent of deposits is used as cash by Bank?

SECTION-F
37. (a) Two places A and B have been marked on the outline map of India. Identify them and write
their correct names on the line drawn near them.
A. The place associated with the Congress session of September 1920.
B. The place where a violent incident caused Mahatma Gandhi to call off the Non-Cooperation
Movement.
(b) On the same outline map of India label any three of the following with suitable symbols.
C. Noida Software Technology Park
D. A dam located in Mahanadi river
E. An airport in Chennai
F. Tarapur nuclear power plant
www.nodia.i
Sample Paper 17
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A
1. Choose the correct statement about the image given bellow.
(a) This image was painted by artist Lorenz Clasen.

(b) This image was painted by artist Julius Hübner
(c) Germania guarding the Rhine was the title of this painting.
(d) Philip Veit, was the artist who have made this painting.
2. Arrange the following in the correct sequence:

The Rowlatt Act:
1. Martial law was imposed, and General Dyer took command.
2. Gandhiji decided to launch a nationwide satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act.
3. Local leaders were picked up from Amritsar, and Mahatma Gandhi was barred from entering
Delhi.
4. It gave the government enormous powers to repress political activities.
Options
(a) 2, 4, 3, 1 (b) 2, 3, 4, 1
(c) 4, 3, 2, 1 (d) 4, 3, 2, 1
3. Which of the following describes the impact of the First World War on the global economy?
(a) European economies were devastated, and colonies were heavily taxed to fund the war.
(b) The war led to an economic boom in Europe due to increased industrial production.
(c) The war had little impact on European economies, which continued to prosper.
(d) European economies flourished, and global trade expanded rapidly during the war.
4. Newspapers became an important medium for spreading political ideas in the 19th century. Which
of the following were roles played by newspapers in promoting political awareness?
1. Informing the public about government policies
2. Criticizing colonial rule in India
3. Supporting the status quo and opposing reform movements
4. Spreading nationalist ideas across the country
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 4 (d) 3 and 4
5. Which of the following traditional methods of irrigation is commonly practiced in the arid and
semi-arid regions of Rajasthan?
(a) Drip irrigation, which uses pipes to deliver water directly to the roots of plants.
(b) Tank irrigation, where rainwater is stored in tanks and ponds for agricultural use.
(c) Canal irrigation, where water is transported through canals from rivers and dams.
(d) Sprinkler irrigation, where water is sprayed over crops using mechanized sprinklers.
6. Regarding the challenges faced by Indian agriculture, identify the correct statements.
1. Dependence on monsoon rains affects crop production.
2. Overuse of chemical fertilizers leads to soil degradation.
3. Lack of technological advancements hampers growth.
4. Excessive mechanization reduces employment opportunities.
Options:

7. Which of the following states is the leading producer of iron ore in India, contributing significantly
to the steel industry?
(a) Odisha, which is rich in iron ore deposits.
(b) Rajasthan, known for marble and limestone but not for iron ore.
(c) Punjab, which has limited mineral resources.
(d) Assam, known for its oil fields rather than iron ore.

Statement I: Small-scale industries play a vital role in the economic development of a country.
Statement II: Large-scale industries require less capital investment compared to small-scale
industries.
9. How does the Indian Constitution address disputes between the central and state governments
regarding legislative powers?
(a) By allowing the central government to override any state laws without consultation.
(b) By appointing a special committee to negotiate and resolve conflicts amicably.
(c) By empowering the Supreme Court to adjudicate and resolve such disputes.
(d) By ignoring disputes and allowing both governments to enforce their own laws independently.
10. Indian politics has seen significant changes in the role of religion. Which of the following statements
about religion and politics are correct?
1. Religion and politics are kept completely separate in a democracy.
2. Political parties sometimes make appeals to religious groups.
3. Citizens are allowed to express their religious beliefs through political action.
4. Religious conflicts have no impact on political decisions.
Options :
(a) 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 4
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 2 and 4
11. Democratic systems benefit from the competition between political parties. Which of the following
best describes the role of opposition parties in a democracy?
1. Criticizing the policies of the ruling party
2. Supporting the ruling party’s decisions unconditionally
3. Offering alternative policies to the public
4. Encouraging political debate and dissent
Options :
(a) 1, 3, and 4 (b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 and 4

12. In a democratic system, the government is accountable to the people and is expected to work for
the welfare of _______ citizens, promoting social and economic justice.
(a) Some (b) Majority
(c) All (d) Wealthy
13. Consider the following features of Indian federalism and choose the correct answer:
Statement I : Indian federalism ensures that power is divided between the central and state
governments.
Statement II : The Indian Constitution provides states with equal powers.
(a) Only Statement I is correct (b) Only Statement II is correct
(c) Both Statements I and II are correct (d) Both Statements I and II are incorrect

Column A Column B
Option :
(a) A - 4, B - 1, C - 3, D - 2 (b) A - 4, B - 2, C - 3, D - 1
(c) A - 3, B - 2, C - 4, D - 1 (d) A - 3, B - 1, C -4, D - 2
15. How does the primary sector impact the overall economic development of India?
(a) By limiting economic growth to only industrial activities.
(b) By providing essential raw materials for other sectors, supporting agriculture and mining
industries.
(c) By focusing solely on information technology and service-based industries.
(d) By restricting the development of manufacturing and service sectors.
16. Credit can also lead to debt traps in certain cases. Which of the following situations can lead to
a debt trap?
1. High-interest rates on loans
2. Failure of the borrower’s business or crop
3. Taking multiple loans to repay old loans
4. Loans provided with no repayment terms
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 3, and 4
17. Globalization has led to the integration of production and markets across the world, resulting in
increased _______ between businesses globally.
(a) Competition b) Partnership
(c) Fragmentation (d) Collaboration


Problem faced by farming sector Some possible measures
A. Setting up agro-based mills 1. Unirrigated land
B. Cooperative marketing societies 2. Low prices for crops
C. Procurement of foodgrains by government 3. Debt burden
D. Construction of canals by the government 4. No job in the off season
E. Banks to provide credit with low interest 5. Compelled to sell their grains to the local
traders soon after harvest.
Option :
(a) A - 3, B - 1, C - 2, D - 5, E - 3 (b) A - 3, B - 5, C - 1, D - 2, E - 4
(c) A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1, E - 5 (d) A - 4, B - 5, C - 2, D - 1, E - 3
Why does Maharashtra contribute 20 percent to industrial GDP?

(a) It has well-developed ports and industrial hubs.
(b) It focuses more on agriculture.
(c) It has fewer manufacturing industries.
(d) It imports most raw materials from other states.
Bank Interest Rate on Loans (in %) Interest Rate on Deposits (in %)
Bank A 7% 4%
Bank B 9% 5%
Why would customers prefer to deposit their money in Bank B?
(a) It provides better customer service.
(b) It has a lower loan interest rate.
(c) It has more ATMs.
(d) It offers a higher interest rate on deposits.

SECTION - B
21. The concept of national identity emerged prominently during the 19th century.” Explain the
factors that contributed to the rise of national identity in Europe.
22. Rainwater harvesting can alleviate water scarcity.” Explain how.
23. The role of the Finance Commission is pivotal in Indian federalism.” Explain the significance of
the Finance Commission.
O
Emergency provisions affect federalism in India.” Justify this statement with suitable arguments.
24. Social indicators are essential to assess development.” Justify the statement with suitable examples.
SECTION - C
25. Priya wants to reduce waste in her plastic manufacturing business. She is unaware of sustainable
manufacturing practices that can help achieve this goal.” Assist her in identifying sustainable
manufacturing practices that can minimize waste in plastic production.
26. Reform movements in the 19th century laid the foundation for Indian nationalism.” Explain the
27. Manish wants to implement drip irrigation on his crop fields but is not familiar with its advantages
and installation process.” Guide him in understanding the benefits of drip irrigation and how to
set it up effectively on his farm.
28. Affirmative action helps in uplifting marginalized communities.” Explain the statement by giving
any three examples.

29. In the last few decades, India’s pharmaceutical industry has advanced, making it a global supplier
of generic drugs. As a result, the pharmaceutical sector has become an important part of India’s
economy. Why has the pharmaceutical sector gained prominence in India? Support your answer
by giving any three reasons.
O
With increasing emphasis on renewable energy, India’s renewable energy sector has seen rapid
growth, reducing dependence on fossil fuels. Consequently, the renewable energy sector has become
a key player in India’s economy. Why has the renewable energy sector become so important in
India? Support your answer by giving any three reasons.
SECTION - D
30. The impact of colonialism on indigenous economies was largely exploitative.’ Explain the statement
O
The rise of capitalism was intertwined with the process of globalization.’ Justify the statement
31. Arjun’s village has recently started using solar energy for electricity. What are the advantages of
solar energy, and how can it contribute to sustainable development in rural areas?
O
Rina notices that large-scale mining activities are leading to land degradation in her region. What
are the environmental and social impacts of mining, and how can mining activities be made more
sustainable?
32. The increasing use of money and muscle power in elections undermines democratic processes.’
Discuss the impact of money and muscle power on elections.
O
Political parties offer various policy options to voters.’ Explain how political parties shape the
policy-making process.
33. Miss C wants to understand the differences between formal and informal sources of credit. Explain
the advantages and disadvantages of borrowing from formal sources, like banks, versus informal
sources, such as moneylenders, and discuss the significance of interest rates and repayment terms.
O
A rural family borrows money for farming but faces a crop failure and can’t repay the loan. What
are the potential consequences, and how can farmers be protected from debt traps?

SECTION - E
34. Read the extracts carefully and answer the following questions:
Every individual wants to receive respect from fellow beings. Often conflicts arise among individuals
because some feel that they are not treated with due respect. The passion for respect and freedom are
the basis of democracy. Democracies throughout the world have recognised this, at least in principle.
This has been achieved in various degrees in various democracies.
Democracy stands much superior to any other form of government in promoting dignity and freedom
of the individual. Every individual wants to receive respect from fellow beings. Non-democratic
regimes often turn a blind eye to or suppress internal social differences. Ability to handle social
differences, divisions and conflicts is thus a definite plus point of democratic regimes. It is necessary
to understand that democracy is not simply rule by majority opinion.
Whenever possible and necessary, citizens should be able to participate in decision making that affects
them all. Democracy in India has strengthened the claims of the disadvantaged and discriminated
castes for equal status and equal opportunity. There are instances still of caste-based inequalities
and atrocities, but these lack the moral and legal foundations. Perhaps it is the recognition that
makes ordinary citizens value their democratic rights.
Questions :
1. What are the basis of democracy?
2. Why democracy is considered as the superior form of government?
3. How does the Indian democracy strengthened the claims of the disadvantaged and discriminated
castes?
Most regions of the world are getting increasingly interconnected. While this interconnectedness
across countries has many dimensions — cultural, political, social and economic - this chapter looks
at globalisation in a more limited sense. It defines globalisation as the integration between countries
through foreign trade and foreign investments by Multinational Corporations (MNCs).
If we look at the past thirty years or so, we find that MNCs have been a major force in the
globalisation process connecting distant regions of the world. Why are the MNCs spreading their
production to other countries and what are the ways in which they are doing so? In order to discuss
this rather than relying on quantitative estimates, the rapid rise and influence of the MNCs has
been shown through a variety of examples, mainly drawn from the Indian context. Globalisation has
been facilitated by several factors.
Three of these have been highlighted: rapid improvements in technology, liberalisation of trade and
investment policies and pressures from international organisations such as the WTO. Improvement
in technology is a fascinating area for students and you may, with a few directions, encourage them
to do their own explorations.
Questions :
1. Which factors are kept in mind by the MNC’s for setting up the production?
2. How an MNC exert strong influence on production at distant locations?
3. State the factors which facilitated Globalisation.
36. Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follow:
Until the middle of the twentieth century, production was largely organised within countries. What
crossed the boundaries of these countries were raw material, food stuff and finished products.
Colonies such as India exported raw materials and food stuff and imported finished goods. Trade was
the main channel connecting distant countries. This was before large companies called Multinational
Corporations (MNCs) emerged on the scene.
Foreign trade creates an opportunity for the producers to reach beyond the domestic markets, i.e.,
markets of their own countries, Producers can sell their produce not only in markets located within
the country but can also compete in markets located in other countries of the world. Similarly, for
the buyers, import of goods produced in another country is one way of expanding the choice of goods
beyond what is domestically produced.
Globalisation and greater competition among producers–both local and foreign producers–has been of
advantage to consumers, particularly the well-off sections in the urban areas. There is greater choice
before these consumers who now enjoy improved quality and lower prices for several products. As a
result, these people today, enjoy much higher standards of living than was possible earlier.
Questions :
1. How are MNCs a major force in connecting the countries of the world?
2. How does foreign trade become a main channel in connecting countries?
3. How is globalisation beneficial for consumers?
SECTION-F
(A) The place where Indian National Congress session was held in December, 1920.
(B) The place associated with Cotton Mill Workers Satyagraha.
symbols.
(i) Tuticorin Major Sea Port
(ii) Bengaluru - Software Technology Park
(iii)Mayurbhanj - Iron Ore Mines
(iv) Indira Gandhi International Airport
www.nodia.i
Sample Paper 18
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A
Which of the following aspects best suits the ‘sword’ in the image?
(a) Heroism (b) Symbol of Strength
(c) Readiness to Fight (d) Symbol of freedom
2. Arrange the following in the correct sequence of occurrence:

1. Formation of World Bank
2. Bretton Woods Conference
3. The Great Depression
4. First World War
Options :
(a) 1, 4, 2, 3 (b) 3, 4, 2, 1
(c) 4, 3, 2, 1 (d) 2, 1, 4, 3
3. The spread of print culture in 19th-century Europe contributed to which major social development?
(a) It helped spread new political ideas and facilitated discussions on democracy and rights.
(b) It led to a decrease in public interest in politics and social reforms.
(c) It caused a decline in religious discussions and limited the role of the Church.
(d) It restricted access to education and made books more expensive and inaccessible.
4. Romanticism was a cultural movement that played an important role in fostering nationalist
feelings in 19th-century Europe. Which of the following are characteristics of Romanticism?
1. Emphasis on reason and logic
2. Focus on emotion and intuition
3. Celebration of folk traditions and cultural heritage
4. Promotion of industrial development
Options :
(a) 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 4
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 3 and 4
5. Which of the following is a Kharif crop grown during the rainy season in India?
(a) Wheat, which is grown during the winter season and harvested in the spring.
(b) Cotton, which is a Kharif crop that requires a warm climate and is grown in the rainy season.
(c) Gram, which is grown in the winter as a Rabi crop.
(d) Barley, which is grown in the Rabi season, not during the rainy months.
6. Which of the following minerals are primarily used in the production of steel? Identify the correct
statements.
1. Iron ore 2. Limestone
3. Bauxite 4. Coal
Options:
7. Which industry is known as a basic industry because its products are used as raw materials for
many other industries?
(a) Cement industry, which is important for construction.
(b) Iron and steel industry, which provides materials for other industries.
(c) Jute industry, focused on making goods for specific uses.
(d) Sugar industry, which provides food products but not raw materials.

Statement I: Human resources include the knowledge, skills, and health of the population.
Statement II: Natural resources are not renewable and cannot be replenished.
(a) Statement I is correct and II is incorrect. (b) Statement I is incorrect and II is correct.
(c) Both I and II are correct. (d) Both I and II are incorrect.
9. How does Gender-Based Violence impact society in India?

(a) It reinforces gender stereotypes and undermines the safety and dignity of individuals.
(b) It promotes gender equality by highlighting the differences between genders.
(c) It has minimal impact as it is not a prevalent issue in India.
(d) It primarily affects only the economic aspects of society without social implications.
10. India’s political party system encourages coalition governments. Which of the following are reasons
for the rise of coalition governments in India?
1. No single party gaining a majority in elections
2. Formation of alliances between regional and national parties
3. Decline of two-party dominance
4. Political instability leading to frequent elections
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 3 b) 2 and 4
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 3 and 4
11. Democratic systems are designed to reduce economic inequalities. Which of the following are
examples of economic outcomes of democracy?
1. Reduction of income inequality
2. Access to basic services like healthcare and education
3. Equal distribution of wealth among all citizens
4. Economic development that benefits all sections of society
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 3 and 4
12. In the context of the power-sharing model adopted by Belgium, which ensures peace among
different linguistic groups, the Constitution specifically mandates that the number of Dutch and
French-speaking ministers shall be _______ in the central government to avoid any form of
linguistic discrimination.
(a) Unequal (b) Equal
(c) Proportional (d) Based on elections

13. Consider the following statements about gender inequality in India and choose the correct answer:
Statement I : The Indian Constitution provides equal rights to men and women in all aspects of
life.
Statement II : In practice, women often face discrimination and inequality in various sectors like
employment and education.

Column A Column B
(c) Farmers who depend only on rain for Assured a higher support prices for their crops
growing crops
(d) A rural woman from a land owning Regular job and high wages to increase her income
family
15. What is the role of interest rates in the economy, particularly in the context of credit and borrowing?
(a) Interest rates determine the cost of borrowing money and influence consumer and business
spending.
(b) Interest rates have no significant impact on the borrowing habits of individuals and businesses.
(c) Interest rates are solely determined by the government without input from the banking sector.
(d) Interest rates are fixed and do not fluctuate based on economic conditions.
16. Globalization has led to greater competition in the global market. Which of the following are
effects of increased competition due to globalization?
1. Better quality products for consumers
2. Reduced prices of goods and services
3. Protection of local industries
4. Increased efficiency in production
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 3
17. In comparing countries’ development, _______ income is a crucial measure that shows the
average income of citizens in a country.
(a) Gross (b) Total
(c) Per capita (d) National


List I List II
A. Cotton Textile 1. Nitric acid
B. Chemical Industries 2. Potash
C. Cement Industry 3. Yarn
D. Fertiliser Industry 4. Gypsum
Option :
(a) C - 1, A - 2, D - 3, B - 4 (b) C - 1, A - 2, D - 4, B - 3
(c) C - 3, A - 2, D - 4, B - 1 (d) C - 3, A - 1, D - 2, B - 4
Why do small-scale industries provide 50 percent of total industrial employment?

(a) They require less capital and infrastructure.
(b) They use advanced technology.
(c) They focus on export-oriented goods.
(d) They are located in urban areas.
Company Investment in India (in million USD) Exports (in million USD)
Company A 50 75
Company B 80 90
Why does Company B have higher exports compared to Company A?

(a) It imports raw materials from India.
(b) It is involved in small-scale industries.
(c) It focuses more on labor-intensive production.
(d) It lacks technological resources.

SECTION - B
21. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a prominent leader in Indian nationalism.” Justify the statement with
suitable arguments.
22. Communication infrastructure supports national development.” Discuss its importance.
23. Women’s participation in politics strengthens democracy.” Explain how women’s participation
benefits democracy.
O
Caste-based discrimination hinders social progress.” Justify the statement with suitable arguments.
24. Industrial growth is essential for the economic development of India.” Justify this statement with
suitable arguments.
SECTION - C
25. Meera is interested in setting up a wastewater treatment plant for her community. She lacks
knowledge about the processes involved in wastewater treatment.” Help her understand and
identify the key processes involved in wastewater treatment for community use.
26. Technological advancements in navigation and transportation connected different parts of the
world.” Explain the statement by giving suitable examples.
27. Siddharth wants to start a business in the recycling of minerals but is unsure about the process
and the types of minerals that can be recycled.” Guide him in understanding the mineral recycling
process and identifying recyclable minerals.
28. Political parties represent the interests of different sections of society.” Explain the statement by

29. In the last few decades, India’s insurance sector has expanded, offering financial protection to
individuals and businesses. As a result, insurance has become an integral part of India’s financial
planning. Why has the insurance sector gained importance in India? Support your answer by
O
With the introduction of financial technologies (FinTech), India’s financial services have become
more accessible and efficient. Consequently, FinTech has become a transformative force in India’s
financial landscape. Why has FinTech become so influential in India? Support your answer by
SECTION - D
30. ‘The accessibility of printed materials democratized knowledge and education.’ Explain the
O
The development of periodicals enhanced continuous public engagement in societal issues.’
Substantiate the statement with key features.
31. Meena learns that the government is promoting small-scale industries in her area. What are the
benefits of small-scale industries for local economies, and how can they contribute to sustainable
development?
O
Ramesh sees that industries in his region are adopting automation. What are the advantages and
disadvantages of automation in manufacturing industries?
32. ‘Democracy promotes dignity and freedom of individuals.’ Explain how democracy upholds human
dignity and freedom.
O
‘Democracy does not always lead to the most efficient decision-making.’ Analyse the challenges of
decision-making in democratic systems.
33. Miss C is studying the role of technology in accelerating globalization. Explain how advancements
in communication, transport, and digital technologies have made it easier for countries to trade
and invest globally, and how this has affected India’s economy.
O
An Indian consumer buys a smartphone made by a foreign company. How has globalization changed
the availability of goods and services in India, and how has it influenced consumer choices?

SECTION - E
Belgium and Sri Lanka both are democracies. Yet, they dealt with the question of power sharing
differently. In Belgium, the leaders have realised that the unity of the country is possible only
by respecting the feelings and interests of different communities and regions. Such a realisation
resulted in mutually acceptable arrangements for sharing power. Sri Lanka shows us a contrasting
example. It shows us that if a majority community wants to force its dominance over others and
refuses to share power, it can undermine the unity of the country.
Questions:
1. How was the power sharing arrangement in Belgium different from that of in Sri Lanka?
2. Explain why power sharing is desirable.
3. List any two steps taken by the leaders of Belgium to accommodate all the communities.
However, for comparison between countries, total income is not such an useful measure. Since,
countries have different populations, comparing total income will not tell us what an average person
is likely to earn. Hence, we compare the average income which is the total income of the country
divided by its total population. The average income is also called Per Capita Income.
In World Development Reports, brought out by the World Bank, this criterion is used in classifying
countries. Countries with Per Capita Income of US $ 12,056 per annum and above in 2017, are
called rich countries and those with her capita income of US $ 955 or less are called low-income-
countries. India comes in the category of low middle income countries because its Per Capita
Income in 2017 was just US $ 1820 per annum. The rich countries, excluding countries of Middle
East and certain other small countries, are generally called developed countries.
Questions :
1. Which factors are not considered while calculating total income?
2. What is the significance of classification of countries by the World Bank?
3. World Development Report has categorised the India as low middle income country. Do you
agree with theresults of this report.
36. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow :
“Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well. So,
income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens
are able to use. For example, normally, your money cannot buy you a pollution-free environment
or ensure that you get unadulterated medicines, unless you can afford to shift to a community that
already has all these things. Money may also not be able to protect you from infectious diseases,
unless the whole of your community takes preventive steps.”
Questions :
1. Between Punjab and Kerala which state has more average income but lags behind in public
facilities ?
2. What is the value of providing some services collectively? Explain with examples.
SECTION-F
A. The place associated with the cotton Mill’s worker’s Satyagraha
B. The place where an incident occurred due to which Mahatma Gandhi called off the Non-
Cooperation Movement.
symbols.
C. A dam in Rajasthan
D. Namrup Nuclear Power Plant
E. A Software Technology Park in Uttar Pradesh
F. A Seaport in West Bengal
www.nodia.i
Sample Paper 19
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A
Which of the following aspect best signifies in the above image?

(a) Silk Route (b) Industrialisation
(c) World War (d) Irish Potato Famine
2. Arrange the following in the correct sequence of occurrence:

1. Dandi March
2. Kheda Satyagraha
4. Arrival of Gandhiji
Options :
(a) 2, 4, 3, 1 (b) 2, 3, 4, 1
(c) 4, 3, 2, 1 (d) 4, 3, 2, 1
3. Which event marked the final step in the unification of Germany and the proclamation of the
German Empire?
(a) The signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.
(b) The proclamation of the German Empire at the Palace of Versailles in 1871.
(c) The Congress of Vienna in 1815.
(d) The Frankfurt Assembly of 1848.
4. The Simon Commission, appointed by the British government in 1927, was boycotted by Indian
political leaders. Which of the following were reasons for the boycott of the Simon Commission?
1. Lack of Indian representation in the commission
2. Demand for dominion status for India
3. Opposition to British reforms
4. The commission’s failure to address communal issues
Options :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 3, and 4
5. Which of the following minerals is the primary source of aluminum and is mined extensively in
India?
(a) Bauxite, which is the raw material for aluminum production.
(b) Copper, which is used in electrical industries.
(c) Iron ore, which is primarily used for steel production.
(d) Mica, which is used in electrical appliances.
6. Which of the following factors influence the location of manufacturing industries in India? Identify
the correct statements.
1. Proximity to raw materials reduces transportation costs.
2. Availability of skilled labor is not a significant factor.
3. Good infrastructure and connectivity facilitate industrial growth.
4. Access to markets and export facilities determines industrial location.
Options:

7. The Chipko Movement in India was primarily aimed at achieving which of the following goals?
(a) Protecting forests from deforestation by hugging trees to prevent them from being cut.
(b) Promoting commercial logging for economic development in forested regions of India.
(c) Encouraging mining activities in forested areas to exploit natural resources.
(d) Encouraging the expansion of agricultural land by clearing forests for farming.

Statement I: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a measure of the total value of goods and services
produced within a country.
Statement II: Human Development Index (HDI) considers factors like life expectancy, education,
and per capita income.
9. How does the presence of multiple political parties benefit the democratic process in India?
(a) It creates confusion among voters and weakens the electoral system.
(b) It promotes competition, encourages diverse viewpoints, and enhances voter choice.
(c) It leads to frequent changes in government, causing instability in the political system.
(d) It restricts the formation of coalition governments by limiting party alliances.
10. Democracies are expected to promote transparency in governance. Which of the following measures
ensure transparency in democratic governance?
1. Access to information about government policies and actions
2. Judicial independence to review government actions
3. Closed-door decision-making by political leaders
4. Media freedom to report on government activities
Options :
(a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 3
11. Belgium’s system of power-sharing has been effective in maintaining peace. Which of the following
statements about Belgium’s power-sharing model are correct?
1. Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities have equal representation.
2. There is no separate government for the Brussels region.
3. Community governments can make decisions on cultural issues.
4. Power-sharing led to the division of the country.
Options :
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 3 and 4
12. In India’s federal system, which ensures a proper balance of power between different levels of
government, it is crucial that power is divided between the Union and State governments as per
the provisions laid down by the _______.
(a) Parliament (b) Constitution
(c) President (d) Supreme Court
13. Consider the following regarding political parties in India and choose the correct answer:
Statement I : National political parties aim to represent the interests of the entire country.
Statement II : Regional parties focus on representing the specific interests of people in their
respective states or regions.
Column P Column Q
trade items.
E. Several MNCs have invested in setting up factories in 5. Trade barriers
India for production.
Option :
(a) A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 5, E - 1 (b) A - 2, B - 1, C - 3, D - 5, E - 4
(c) A - 4, B - 1, C - 2, D - 3, E - 5 (d) A - 2, B - 5, C - 4, D - 3, E - 1
15. What is the role of export promotion in India’s economic growth under globalization?
(a) Export promotion restricts India’s access to international markets and limits economic growth.
(b) Export promotion helps India increase its foreign exchange earnings and expand its global
market presence.
(c) Export promotion leads to a decline in domestic production and economic stagnation.
(d) Export promotion focuses only on agricultural products, neglecting industrial growth.
16. Developmental goals can vary from person to person. Which of the following could be considered
developmental goals for women in rural areas?
1. Equal pay for equal work
2. Access to clean drinking water
3. Free higher education
4. Better job opportunities in cities
Options :
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 1, 2, and 3
(c) 1, 2, and 4 (d) 2 and 4
17. The value of goods and services produced in all three sectors of the economy during a given year
is known as the _______ of the country.
(a) Net National Product (b) Gross National Product
(c) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (d) Per capita income


1. Unirrigated land A. a Setting up agro-based mills
2. Low prices for crops B. b Cooperative marketing societies
3. Debt burden C. c Procurement of food grains by government
4. No job in the off season D. d Construction of canals by the government
5. Compelled to sell their grains to the local E. e Banks to provide credit with low interest
traders soon after harvest
(a) 1-A 2-B 3-C 4-D 5-E (b) 1-D 2-C 3-E 4-A 5-B
(c) 1-C 2-D 3-E 4-A 5-B (d) 1-B 2-C 3-E 4-D 5-A
Why do roadways handle 50 percent of freight movement?

(a) Road transport is more flexible and accessible.
(b) Roadways are used only for long distances.
(c) It is the most cost-effective mode of transportation.
(d) It is mostly used in mountainous regions.
State Per Capita Income (in USD) Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000 births)
State A 3000 30
State B 5000 10
Why does State B have a lower infant mortality rate compared to State A?
(a) It has lower literacy rates.
(b) It has more agricultural workers.
(c) It has better healthcare facilities.
(d) It has higher levels of industrialization.
SECTION - B
21. “Decolonization accelerated after World War II.” Discuss the factors that contributed to the
acceleration of decolonization post-World War II.
22. “Petroleum is a non-renewable resource with strategic importance.” Discuss its role.
23. “Two-party systems can lead to political stability.” Explain the advantages of a two-party system.
O
“Multiparty systems represent diverse interests.” Justify the statement with suitable arguments.
24. “Formal credit is more reliable than informal credit.” Justify the statement with suitable arguments.
SECTION - C
25. “Sita aims to improve the agricultural productivity on her farm but is unaware of the various
types of resources that can aid in this goal.” Help her identify the different resources that can
enhance agricultural productivity.
26. “Print media influenced the strategies and successes of nationalist movements.” Explain the
27. “Deepak plans to set up a food processing unit and needs to understand the infrastructure and
resources required for efficient operations.” Guide him in identifying the necessary infrastructure
and resources for establishing a food processing unit.
28. “Democracy ensures government responsiveness to the needs of the people.” Explain the statement
by giving any three examples.

29. In recent times, the ease of doing business in India has improved, attracting foreign entrepreneurs
and investors. As a result, business facilitation has become a key aspect of India’s economic
strategy. Why is improving the ease of doing business important for India? Support your answer
by giving any three reasons.
O
Between 2000 and 2020, India’s export of goods and services has grown, contributing to foreign
exchange earnings. Consequently, exports have become a critical component of India’s economy.
Why have exports become so important for India? Support your answer by giving any three
reasons.
SECTION - D
30. ‘Nationalism led to the unification of Germany and Italy.’ Justify the statement with suitable
arguments.
O
‘The Revolutions of 1848 spread nationalist ideas across Europe.’ Substantiate the statement with
key events.
31. Priya’s area is experiencing a reduction in forest cover. What are the ecological and economic
consequences of deforestation for her region?
O
Ramesh lives near a protected wildlife sanctuary, but illegal hunting still occurs. What steps
should be taken to enforce wildlife protection laws and prevent poaching?
32. ‘Power sharing is essential to avoid social conflicts.’ Justify the importance of power sharing in a
multi-ethnic society.
O
‘Power sharing in Belgium involved both linguistic and regional divisions.’ Explain how Belgium’s
power-sharing model accommodated diversity.
33. Miss B strongly believes that public facilities like healthcare, education, and sanitation are
essential to improving people’s quality of life. How do the availability and accessibility of public
services contribute to human development and help in raising the overall standard of living in a
community?
O
A village has improved healthcare, resulting in lower child mortality rates and higher life expectancy.
How do such healthcare improvements contribute to the village’s long-term development?

SECTION - E
Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central authority and
various constituent units of the country. Usually, a federation has two levels of government. One
is the government for the entire country that is usually responsible for a few subjects of common
national interest. The others are governments at the level of provinces or states that look after much
of the day-to-day administering of their state. Both these levels of governments enjoy their power
independent of the other.
Questions :
1. How is unitary form of government different from federal form of government?
2. Mention any one aspect of Federalism.
3. Differentiate between coming together and holding together federations.
Another way of classifying economic activities into sectors could be on the basis of who owns assets
and is responsible for the delivery of services. In the public sector, the government owns most of
the assets and provides all the services. In the private sector, ownership of assets and delivery of
services is in the hands of private individuals or companies.
Railways or post office is an example of the public sector whereas companies like Tata Iron and Steel
Company Limited (TISCO) or Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) are privately owned.
Activities in the private sector are guided by the motive to earn profits. To get such services we have
to pay money to these individuals and companies.
The purpose of the public sector is not just to earn profits. Governments raise money through taxes
and other ways to meet expenses on the services rendered by it.
Modern day governments spend on a whole range of activities. There are several things needed by
the society as a whole but which the private sector will not provide at a reasonable cost.
Questions :
1. On what basis the bifurcation of public and private sector takes place?
2. Define the reason behind counting the railways and post office as a public sector.
3. Why public sector is needed in our country?

36. Study the given sources and answer the questions that follows:
Over the thirty years between 1973 and 2003, while production in all the three sectors has increased,
it has increased the most in the tertiary sector. As a result, in the year 2003, the tertiary sector has
emerged as the largest producing sector in India replacing the primary sector.
Every state or region has potential for increasing the income and employment for people in that
area. It could be tourism, or regional craft industry, or new services like IT. Some of these would
require proper planning and support from the government. For example, a study by the Planning
Commission says that if tourism as a sector is improved, every year we can give additional
employment to more than 35 lakh people.
Workers in the organised sector enjoy security of employment. They are expected to work only a
fixed number of hours. If they work more, they have to be paid overtime by the employer. They
also get several other benefits from the employers. What are these benefits? They get paid leave,
payment during holidays, provident fund, gratuity etc. They are supposed to get medical benefits,
and, under the laws, the factory manager has to ensure facilities like drinking water and a safe
working environment. When they retire, these workers get pensions as well.
Questions :
1. Which sector has the highest share in the year 2003?
2. How to create more employment in rural areas?
3. Write any two benefits of organised sector employees.
SECTION-F
(A) The place where Indian National Congress session was held in December, 1920.
(B) The place associated with calling off the Non-Cooperation Movement.
symbols.
(i) New Mangalore - Major Sea Port
(ii) Mumbai - Software Technology Park
(iii)Bailadila - Iron Ore Mines
(iv) Kakrapara - Nuclear Power Plant
www.nodia.i
Sample Paper 20
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A
Which of the following aspect best signifies the above image?

(a) Romanticism (b) Conservatism
(c) Federalism (d) Feminism
2. Arrange the following events of German unification in increasing order of their date of occurrence
1 Friedrich Wilhelm IV rejected the demand of all German national assembly
2. The Frankfurt parliament convened in the Church of St Paul.
3. Kaiser William I of Prussia was proclaimed as the new German emperor.
4. Three wars over 7 years with Austria, Denmark and France was fought.
(a) 3, 2, 1, 4 (b) 2, 3, 4, 1
(c) 2, 1, 4, 2 (d) 4, 3, 2, 1
3. Why did Mahatma Gandhi call off the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922, despite its growing
success?
(a) The Chauri Chaura incident, where violence erupted, caused Gandhi to halt the movement.
(b) Gandhi decided to negotiate directly with the British for India’s independence.
(c) The movement had achieved its goals, and there was no longer a need for protests.
(d) The British government promised to grant full independence within a few years.
4. Indentured labor was a system that facilitated the migration of workers from Asia and Africa to
European colonies. Which of the following were features of the indentured labor system?
1. Workers were bound by contracts to work for a fixed period.
2. They were often treated like slaves.
3. They could freely return to their home countries after their contract ended.
4. They worked in plantations and mines in colonies.
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 1 and 4
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3
5. Which of the following factors is most important for the location of industries in a particular area?
(a) Availability of raw materials, which reduces transportation costs.
(b) Proximity to tourist attractions, which has little impact on industries.
(c) Climate conditions, which are important but secondary.
(d) Cultural heritage of the area, which doesn’t significantly affect industries.
6. Groundwater depletion is a significant issue in many parts of India. Consider the following
statements:
1. Over-extraction of groundwater for agricultural purposes leads to the lowering of the water
table.
2. Groundwater depletion can cause land subsidence and reduced water availability for future
use.
3. Artificial recharge of groundwater involves methods like percolation tanks and recharge wells.
4. Groundwater is a non-renewable resource and cannot be replenished naturally.
7. Which of the following resources is classified as a biotic resource, derived from living organisms
and renewable in nature?
(a) Solar energy, which is a renewable but abiotic resource.
(b) Animals, which are living organisms and can reproduce, making them biotic resources.
(c) Iron ore, which is a non-living and non-renewable abiotic resource.
(d) Water, which is essential for life but classified as an abiotic resource.

Statement I: Tropical forests are rich in biodiversity and are found near the equator.
Statement II: Deciduous forests are also known as monsoon forests and lose their leaves during
the dry season.
9. How does democracy promote economic development in a country like India?

(a) By centralizing economic decisions in the hands of a few leaders.
(b) By encouraging free-market policies, investment, and entrepreneurial activities through stable
governance.
(c) By limiting foreign investments and focusing solely on domestic industries.
(d) By reducing competition and ensuring monopolistic practices in key sectors.
10. In democratic countries, power is shared among various institutions. Which of the following is an
example of power-sharing among social groups?
1. Community governments in Belgium
2. Reserved constituencies for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in India
3. Separation of powers between the legislature, executive, and judiciary
4. Division of powers between central and state governments
Options :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
11. The Indian federal system provides for the division of powers between the Union and State
governments. Which of the following best describes a federal government?
1. A system of government where power is concentrated at the center.
2. A system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent
political units.
3. A system where all decisions are taken by the central government.
4. A system where states have no power over central laws.
Options :
12. In India, caste-based politics has a significant influence on the democratic process, often resulting
in the _______ of certain social groups in government decision-making and policies, ensuring
that their voices are heard.
(a) Exclusion (b) Inclusion
(c) Marginalization (d) Domination

13. Consider the following about the outcomes of democracy in India and choose the correct answer:
Statement I : Democracies are more accountable and responsive to the needs of their citizens
compared to other forms of government.
Statement II : Democracies always ensure economic equality and eliminate poverty.

Leader Role
(a) A - 1, B - 4, C - 3, D - 2 (b) A - 2, B - 1, C - 4, D - 3
(c) A - 4, B - 2, C - 3, D - 1 (d) A - 1, B - 4, C - 2, D - 3
15. How does industrialization contribute to the development of a country’s economy?

(a) By reducing the production capacity and limiting economic activities.
(b) By increasing employment opportunities, enhancing productivity, and fostering technological
advancements.
(c) By focusing solely on agricultural growth and neglecting other sectors.
(d) By decreasing the need for education and skilled labor in the workforce.
16. The tertiary sector has expanded rapidly in recent years. Which of the following are examples of
jobs in the tertiary sector?
1. Teaching and healthcare services 2. Automobile manufacturing
3. IT services and banking 4. Farming and mining
Options :
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 3 and 4
17. When banks provide loans to individuals or businesses, they require _______ as security
against non-repayment of the loan.
(a) Promissory notes (b) Collateral
(c) Interest (d) Credit rating

Column A Column B
B. Supervise Weavers, collect supplies, and examine the quality of 2. Shroffs and Chettairs
cloth
C. Group of bankers and traders who financed export of agriculture 3. Collateral
D. Caste system was based on exclusion and discrimination against 4. Outcaste
Options
(a) A – 4, B – 1, C – 3, D – 2 (b) A – 3, B – 1, C – 2, D – 4
(c) A – 2, B – 1, C – 3, D – 4 (d) A – 2, B – 3, C – 4, D – 1
Why does Mumbai handle 25 percent of India’s total trade?

(a) It is located on the west coast and has a natural harbor.
(b) It has fewer competitors.
(c) It handles only industrial exports.
(d) It primarily handles agricultural imports.
State Net Sown Area (% of total land area) Forest Cover (% of total land area)
State A 55% 30%
State B 65% 20%
Why does State A have a higher forest cover than State B?
(a) State A has implemented strict afforestation policies.
(b) State B focuses more on urban development.
(c) State B is primarily an industrial region.
(d) State A has a lower net sown area.

SECTION - B
21. “The Enlightenment was greatly influenced by print culture.” Discuss the relationship between
print culture and the Enlightenment.
22. “The pharmaceutical industry is essential for public health.” Discuss its importance.
23. “Citizen participation strengthens democratic institutions.” Justify this statement with suitable
examples.
O
“Protection of human rights is an outcome of democracy.” Explain how democracy safeguards
human rights.
24. “Globalization has increased cultural exchanges between countries.” Justify the statement with
suitable arguments.
SECTION - C
25. “Lata is interested in promoting eco-tourism in her region. She needs to understand how forest
resources can be utilized for eco-tourism without harming the environment.” Assist her in
identifying ways to use forest resources sustainably for eco-tourism.
26. “The decline of feudalism contributed to the rise of nationalism in Europe.” Explain the statement
27. “Sunita is planning to improve her town’s communication infrastructure. She lacks knowledge
about the different types of communication networks and their benefits.” Guide her in identifying
the various communication networks and how they can enhance her town’s connectivity and
economic activities.
28. “Power sharing helps in better governance.” Explain the statement by giving any three examples.

29. Over the last forty years, India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has grown consistently, reflecting
economic development. Consequently, economic growth has become a primary focus in India’s
development policies. Why is economic growth essential for India’s development? Support your
O
In recent years, India has emphasized the importance of rural development to bridge the urban-
rural divide. As a result, rural development initiatives have become central to India’s development
plans. Why is rural development crucial for India’s overall development? Support your answer by
SECTION - D
30. ‘Revolutionary activities played a vital role alongside non-violent protests in India’s independence.’
Justify the statement with suitable arguments.
O
The Quit India Movement marked a decisive phase in India’s struggle for independence.’
31. Meera lives in a region where overgrazing has led to land degradation. Suggest five methods to
prevent land degradation caused by overgrazing.
O
An urban area faces the challenge of rapid deforestation to meet the demands of housing. What
steps should be taken to balance urban development and resource conservation?
32. ‘India is a quasi-federal country with a strong central government.’ Discuss the extent of federalism
in India.
O
‘Local governments are an essential part of federalism.’ Explain the role of Panchayats and
Municipalities in Indian federalism.
33. Miss C believes the government should focus more on developing the primary sector, particularly
agriculture, as it is the backbone of rural India. Explain why agriculture remains vital to India’s
economy, despite the growth of other sectors, and how improving agricultural practices can lead
to sustainable development.
O
Seema works in a small shop (tertiary sector) but earns much less than her brother, who works
in the IT sector. How does the wage disparity between sectors affect people’s lives, and how can
it be reduced?

SECTION - E
The Census of India records the religion of each and every Indian after every ten years. The person
who fills the Census form visits every household and records the religion of each member of that
household exactly the way each person describes it. If someone says she has ‘no religion’ or that he
is an ‘atheist’, this is exactly how it is recorded. Thus we have reliable information on the proportion
of different religious communities in the country and how it has changed over the years. The pie
chart below presents the population proportion of six major religious communities in the country.
Since Independence, the total population of each community has increased substantially but their
proportion in the country’s population has not changed much. In percentage terms, the population
of the Hindus, Jains and Christians has declined marginally since 1961. The proportion of Muslim,
Sikh and Buddhist population has increased slightly. There is a common but mistaken impression
that the proportion of the Muslims in the country’s population is going to overtake other religious
communities. Expert estimates done for the Prime Minister’s High Level Committee (popularly
known as Sachar Committee) show that the proportion of the Muslims is expected to go up a little,
by about 3 to 4 per cent, in the next 50 years. It proves that in overall terms, the population balance
of different religious communities is not likely to change in a big way.
Questions :
1. What do you mean by atheist?
2. How much growth rate of Muslim population fall in compare to last decadal census?
3. What did happen in population proportion of six major religious communities in India since
Independence?
35. Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follows :
Every loan agreement specifies an interest rate which the borrower must pay to the lender along with
the repayment of the principal. In addition, lenders may demand collateral (security) against loans.
Collateral is an asset that the borrower owns (such as land, building, vehicle, livestocks, deposits
with banks) and uses this as a guarantee to a lender until the loan is repaid.
moneylenders, traders, employers, relatives and friends, etc. The Reserve Bank of India supervises
the functioning of formal sources of loans. For instance, we have seen that the banks maintain a
minimum cash balance out of the deposits they receive. The RBI monitors the banks in actually
maintaining cash balance.
Banks keep only a small proportion of their deposits as cash with themselves. For example, banks
in India these days hold about 15 per cent of their deposits as cash. This is kept as provision to pay
the depositors who might come to withdraw money from the bank on any given day. Since, on any
particular day, only some of its many depositors come to withdraw cash, the bank is able to manage
with this cash.
Questions :
1. What do you mean by collateral in banking system?
2. Who supervises the functioning of formal sources of loans?
3. What per cent of deposits is used as cash by Bank?
36. Read the extract and answer the questions that follows:
There is an interesting mechanism at work here. Banks keep only a small proportion of their
deposits as cash with themselves. For example, banks in India these days hold about 15 percent of
their deposits as cash. This is kept as provision to pay the depositors who might come to withdraw
money from the bank on any given day. Since, on any particular day, only some of its many
depositors come to withdraw cash, the bank is able to manage with this cash. Banks use the major
portion of the deposits to extend loans. There is a huge demand for loans for various economic
activities. We shall read more about this in the following sections. Banks make use of the deposits
to meet the loan requirements of the people. In this way, banks mediate between those who have
surplus funds (the depositors) and those who are in need of these funds (the borrowers). Banks
charge a higher interest rate on loans than what they offer on deposits. The difference between
what is charged from borrowers and what is paid to depositors is their main source of income. A
large number of transactions in our day to-day activities involve credit in some form or the other.
Credit (loan) refers to an agreement in which the lender supplies the borrower with money, goods
or services in return for the promise of future payment.
Questions :
1. What do you understand by the term credit?
2. Who will mediate between those who have surplus funds (the depositors) and those who are
in need of these funds (the borrowers)?
3. What does bank do with the deposits of public?
SECTION-F
A. The place where Congress Session was held in September 1920.
B. A place associated with Peasant Satyagraha.
symbols.
C. Singrauli Thermal Power Plant
D. A Major Seaport in Kerala
E. An International Airport in Punjab
F. A Software Technology Park in Uttar Pradesh.
www.nodia.i
Sample Paper 21
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A
1. Which of the following aspect best signifies this image?
(a) Round table conference at London

(b) Constituent Assembly of India
(c) The Frankfurt Parliament in the church of St. Paul
(d) The Hall of Mirrors of Versailles
2. Arrange the following in the correct sequence:

1. Chauri Chaura Incident
2. Khilafat Movement
3. Jallianwala Bagh Incident
4. Mahatma Gandhi returned to India
Options
(a) 1, 4, 2, 3 (b) 2, 3, 4, 1
(c) 4, 3, 2, 1 (d) 2, 1, 4, 3
3. Which of the following was an outcome of the Great Depression on European colonies?
(a) Colonies were forced to grow cash crops, leading to widespread poverty.
(b) Colonies became self-sufficient and independent of European powers.
(c) Colonies began industrializing rapidly, reducing dependence on European goods.
(d) Colonies gained political independence, ending European domination.
4. Print culture influenced debates on social issues in colonial India, particularly related to caste and
gender. Which of the following statements about print culture and social reform are correct?
1. Print culture provided a platform for social reformers to challenge orthodox practices.
2. The spread of print helped promote traditional caste hierarchies.
3. Women’s issues such as education were discussed through printed pamphlets and books.
4. Print culture was used by the British to suppress reform movements.
Options :
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1, 3, and 4 (d) 2 and 3
5. Which of the following is a characteristic of intensive subsistence farming in densely populated

regions of India?
(a) Use of high amounts of labor and fertilizers to increase crop production.
(b) Dependence on large machinery and automation for crop production.
(c) Growing a single crop over large areas for export to international markets.
(d) Use of traditional tools and minimal inputs to cultivate small plots of land.
6. In the classification of resources, understanding the difference between renewable and non-
renewable resources is crucial for sustainable management. Evaluate the following statements
about renewable resources in India:
1. Solar energy is a renewable resource that is abundant and sustainable.
2. Coal is considered a renewable resource as it can be replenished naturally over time.
3. Wind energy is harnessed as a renewable source through the use of wind turbines.
4. Timber from forests is a non-renewable resource due to its limited availability.
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only (d) All statements are correct

7. In India, which of the following activities is allowed in biosphere reserves but restricted in national
parks and wildlife sanctuaries?
(a) Commercial mining, which is strictly prohibited in all protected areas.
(b) Agriculture and the sustainable use of natural resources by local communities.
(c) Poaching and hunting of wild animals for sport or profit.
(d) Large-scale deforestation to clear land for urban development.

Statement I: The Ganges River originates in the Himalayas.
Statement II: Groundwater recharge occurs when excess rainwater percolates through the soil to
replenish aquifers.
9. Which feature of the Indian Constitution ensures that both the central and state governments
have their own distinct areas of authority?
(a) Concurrent List (b) Union List
(c) State List (d) Federal Structure
10. India’s federal system provides for different types of power-sharing arrangements. Which of the
following is an example of vertical power-sharing in India?
1. Power shared between the central government and state governments
2. Power shared between different organs of government
3. Power shared between different social groups
4. Power shared among different levels of local government
Options :
(a) 1 and 4 (b) 1 and 2
11. Caste inequalities are deeply rooted in Indian society. Which of the following statements about
caste inequalities are correct?
1. Caste inequalities have been addressed by legal measures.
2. Caste-based reservations are provided in educational institutions.
3. Discrimination based on caste is permitted in rural areas.
4. Caste inequalities no longer exist in urban areas.
Options :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 3 and 4
12. Political parties are an integral part of a democracy, and their main role includes representing
the people and ensuring that their voices are heard in governance. One of the most important
functions of political parties is _______.
(a) Imposing laws (b) Making policies
(c) Contesting elections (d) Suppressing opposition

13. Which of the following is a key feature of power-sharing arrangements in a democracy?

Statement I : It prevents the domination of any one group by ensuring that power is shared across
all levels of government.
Statement II : Power-sharing helps in reducing conflicts between different social groups.

List I List I
Option :
(a) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3 (b) A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
(c) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 (d) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
15. Which of the following activities is part of the secondary sector of the Indian economy?
(a) Cultivating crops and raising livestock.
(b) Manufacturing automobiles and textiles.
(c) Providing healthcare and education services.
(d) Conducting scientific research and information technology services.
16. Collateral is often required by banks before giving loans. Which of the following best describes
collateral?
1. A small deposit made by the borrower
2. A guarantee provided by a third party
3. An asset that the borrower owns and pledges as security for the loan
4. A gift given by the lender to the borrower
Options :
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 3 and 4
17. India’s policy of liberalization, which began in 1991, encouraged foreign investment by removing
trade barriers, such as import _______ and export restrictions.
(a) Taxes (b) Duties
(c) Quotas (d) Subsidies

List I List II
Option :
Why do mobile services account for 60 percent of the total telecommunication users?
(a) Mobile services are more affordable and accessible.
(b) Mobile phones are used primarily in rural areas.
(c) Landline services are more efficient.
(d) Internet services require complex infrastructure.
State Deforestation Rate (per year) Reforestation Rate (per year)
State A 3% 2%
State B 1.5% 4%
Why does State B have a better forest cover recovery rate compared to State A?
(a) State A has a lower reforestation rate.
(b) State A has higher urbanization rates.
(c) State B focuses more on industrial development.
(d) State B has implemented better forest management programs.

SECTION - B
21. “Bismarck’s Realpolitik was instrumental in German unification.” Justify this statement with
suitable arguments.
22. “Transportation networks are essential for economic growth.” Explain their role.
23. “The division of powers prevents concentration of authority.” Explain how the division of powers
achieves this.
O
“Flexibility in the Indian Constitution aids in effective power sharing.” Justify this statement with
suitable examples.
24. “Gender equality is crucial for development.” Explain why gender equality contributes to
development.
SECTION - C
25. “Kiran has recently moved to a new city and wants to understand the importance of transportation
systems in the economy. He is unfamiliar with how different modes of transport contribute to
economic activities.” Help him identify the role of various transportation systems in supporting
economic growth and development.
26. “The partition of Bengal in 1905 ignited nationalist sentiments in India.” Explain the statement
27. “Vikram is interested in starting a tech company but is unclear about the natural and human
resources essential for its success.” Assist him in identifying the natural and human resources
necessary for launching a tech company.
28. “Federalism enhances citizen participation in governance.” Explain the statement by giving any
three examples.

29. Over the past fifty years, India’s mining sector has expanded, contributing significantly to raw
material supply for various industries. As a result, the mining sector remains a critical part of the
Indian economy. Why does the mining sector continue to be important in India? Support your
O
In recent times, the tourism industry in India has flourished, attracting millions of visitors annually.
Consequently, the tourism sector has become a major contributor to India’s economy. Why has the
tourism sector become so significant in India? Support your answer by giving any three reasons.
SECTION - D
30. ‘Technological advancements played a crucial role in the expansion of empires.’ Substantiate the
O
‘Migration has been a significant factor in shaping global populations.’ Explain the statement with
relevant points.
31. In Sanjay’s region, forest fires are a common occurrence. What are the causes of forest fires, and
what measures can be taken to control and prevent them?
O
Vandana learns that non-renewable energy sources are depleting rapidly. What are the consequences
of over-reliance on non-renewable energy sources, and how can the transition to renewable energy
be encouraged?
32. ‘Political empowerment of women remains a challenge despite legal provisions.’ Discuss the
representation of women in Indian politics.
O
‘The principle of secularism ensures that religion does not interfere with politics.’ Explain how
secularism is practiced in India.
33. Mr. D is studying the functions of commercial banks. Explain how banks contribute to economic
development by providing credit to industries, small businesses, and individuals, and why their
role in financial intermediation is crucial for the growth of the economy.
O
Sunita deposits her savings in a bank and earns interest. Explain how banks act as intermediaries
between savers and borrowers and how this helps channel funds into productive investments.

SECTION - E
We have seen how crucial political parties are for the working of democracy. Since parties are the
most visible face of democracy, it is natural that people blame parties for whatever is wrong with
the working of democracy. All over the world, people express strong dissatisfaction with the failure
of political parties to perform their functions well. This is the case in our country too. Popular
dissatisfaction and criticism has focused on four problem areas in the working of political parties.
Political parties need to face and overcome these challenges in order to remain effective instruments
of democracy.
In order to face these challenges, political parties need to be reformed. The question is: Are political
parties willing to reform? If they are willing, what has prevented them from reforming so far? If they
are not willing, is it possible to force them to reform? Citizens all over the world face this question.
This is not a simple question to answer. In a democracy, the final decision is made by leaders who
represent political parties. People can replace them, but only by another set of party leaders. If all
of them do not wish to reform, how can anyone force them to change?
Questions :
1. How can you say that there is lack of internal democracy within political parties?
2. List any one major challenge which the political parties face in the present era?
3. “Defection makes democracy weak” Explain the steps taken by our leaders to end defection.
In general, MNCs set up production where it is close to the markets, where there is skilled and
unskilled labour available at low costs and where the availability of other factors of production is
assured. In addition,
MNCs might look for government policies that look after their interests. Having assured themselves
of these conditions, MNCs set up factories and offices for production. The money that is spent to
buy assets such as land, building, machines and other equipment is called investment. Investment
made by MNCs is called foreign investment. Any investment is made with the hope that these assets
will earn profits.
At times, MNCs set up production jointly with some of the local companies of these countries. The
benefit to the local company of such joint production is two-fold. First, MNCs can provide money
for additional investments, like buying new machines for faster production. Second, MNCs might
bring with them the latest technology for production.
But the most common route for MNC investments is to buy up local companies and then to expand
production. MNCs with huge wealth can quite easily do so. To take an example, Cargill Foods,
a very large American MNC, has bought over smaller Indian companies such as Parakh Foods.
Parakh Foods had built a large marketing network in various parts of India, where its brand was
well-reputed. Also, Parakh Foods had four oil refineries, whose control has now shifted to Cargill.
Cargill is now the largest producer of edible oil in India, with a capacity to make 5 million pouches
daily. In fact, many of the top MNCs have wealth exceeding the entire budgets of the developing
country governments. With such enormous wealth, imagine the power and influence of these MNCs.
Questions :
1. Write any two conveniences for which MNCs set production.
2. What is the difference between investment and foreign investment?
3. What is the common route for MNC investments? Give an example.
Colonies such as India exported raw materials and food stuff and imported finished goods. Trade was
the main channel connecting distant countries. This was before large companies called multinational
corporations (MNCs) emerged on the scene. A MNC is a company that owns or controls production
in more than one nation. MNCs set up offices and factories for production in regions where they
can get cheap labour and other resources.
MNCs set up factories and offices for production: The money that is spent to buy assets such as
land, building, machines and other equipment is called investment. Investment made by MNCs is
called foreign investment. Any investment is made with the hope that these assets will earn profits.
Even more remarkable have been the developments in information and communication technology. In
recent times, technology in the areas of telecommunications, computers, Internet has been changing
rapidly. Telecommunication facilities (telegraph, telephone including mobile phones, fax) are used
to contact one another around the world, to access information instantly, and to communicate from
remote areas. This has been facilitated by satellite communication devices.
Questions :
1. Why some companies called multinational corporations (MNCs)?
2. What do you understand by foreign investment?
3. What type of technology are used to contact one another around the world?
SECTION-F
37. (a) Two places A and B have been marked on the given outline map of India. Identify them on
the map and write their correct names on the line drawn near them.
A. A place where Congress session was held in 1920.
B. A place where Congress session was held in 1927.
symbols.
C. Hirakud dam
D. Tungabhadra darm
E. Bhakra Nangal dam
F. Salal dam
www.nodia.i
Sample Paper 22
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A
1. Which of the options best signifies this cartoon-
(a) Showing the fine German engineering.

(b) Problems of running the Germany’s grand coalition Government that includes the two major
parties of the country.
(c) The two parties of the country are historically partners to each other.
(d) How smoothly the German Government is running.
2. Trace the growth of different strands of National movement in India according to their sequence
of timing.
1. Establishment of Depressed Class-Association
2. Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress
3. “Purna Swaraj”
4. Non-Cooperation and Khilafat movement
Options :
(a) 4, 1, 2, 3 (b) 4, 2, 3, 1
(c) 2, 3, 1, 4 (d) 2, 1, 4, 3
3. The Calcutta Gazette, established in 1780, was the first newspaper published in which country?
(a) India, where it marked the beginning of a thriving press culture.
(b) Britain, as part of the British colonial government’s communication efforts.
(c) The United States, where it promoted the abolition of slavery.
(d) France, where it was used to spread revolutionary ideas during the French Revolution.
4. In the 19th century, nationalist movements sought to unify people based on common linguistic
and cultural characteristics. Which of the following was a key demand of nationalist movements
during this period?
1. Establishment of democratic governments
2. Restoration of the feudal system
3. Strengthening of imperial rule
4. Preservation of monarchies
Options :
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 1 and 4
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 2
5. What percentage of India’s land area is considered degraded due to deforestation, overgrazing, and
industrial activities, requiring reclamation efforts?
(a) 28% of India’s total land area is degraded and in need of reclamation measures.
(b) 33% of India’s total land area is considered degraded, affecting agricultural productivity.
(c) 17% of India’s total land area has been identified as degraded, mostly due to human activities.
(d) 45% of India’s total land area is under severe degradation and needs immediate attention.
6. Biodiversity conservation in India involves several strategies and initiatives. Consider the following
statements:
1. Project Tiger was launched to protect the Bengal tiger population in India.
2. The National Wildlife Action Plan outlines strategies for wildlife conservation.
3. Habitat fragmentation is beneficial for the growth of wildlife populations.
4. Community reserves involve local communities in wildlife protection efforts.
7. Water scarcity in India is caused by uneven distribution of rainfall, over-exploitation, and

_______ pollution, affecting the availability of clean drinking water.
(a) Industrial (b) Thermal
(c) Marine (d) Radioactive
8. Which feature of Indian federalism allows the central government to intervene in state matters
under certain conditions?
(a) Cooperative Federalism (b) Exclusive Federalism
(c) Strong Central Control (d) Asymmetrical Federalism
9. Secularism is one of the key features of the Indian Constitution. Which of the following are
characteristics of Indian secularism?
1. Equal treatment of all religions by the state
2. Ban on religious practices in public life
3. Freedom to profess and propagate any religion
4. Support for one religion over others
Options :
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 3 and 4
10. In the context of Belgium’s power-sharing model, which is designed to accommodate its diverse
linguistic and cultural groups, which of the following statements accurately reflects the challenges
and successes of this approach?
1. The model has led to significant political stability and reduced tensions between communities.
2. It has resulted in a fragmented political landscape with multiple parties representing various
interests.
3. The power-sharing arrangement is rigid and does not allow for any changes over time.
4. The model has effectively marginalized certain linguistic groups.
Options:
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, and 4
11. In Sri Lanka, the prolonged political conflict that arose over time was mainly due to the demands
of the _______ community, which insisted on equal recognition and rights from the government
dominated by the majority ethnic group.
(a) Sinhala (b) Tamil
(c) Buddhist (d) Christian
12. Consider the following regarding power-sharing in Sri Lanka and choose the correct answer:
Statement I : The Sri Lankan government refused to share power with the Tamil minority, leading
to civil unrest.
Statement II : The Sinhalese majority had no influence on the creation of discriminatory policies.


(Leader) (Role)
(a) A - 1, B - 4, C - 3, D - 2 (b) A -2, B - 1, C - 4, D - 3
(c) A - 4, B - 2, C - 3, D - 1 (d) A - 1, B - 4, C - 2, D - 3

Statement I: The primary sector is decreasing in importance in India.
Statement II: The tertiary sector is growing faster than the primary and secondary sectors in
India.
15. Which of the following is a consequence of excessive credit in an economy?

(a) Reduced inflation and increased purchasing power of consumers.
(b) Increased debt burden on individuals and businesses, potentially leading to defaults.
(c) Enhanced financial stability and reduced risk of economic downturns.
(d) Decreased levels of consumer spending and investment in the economy.
16. The Indian economy has experienced both positive and negative impacts due to globalization.
Which of the following are positive effects of globalization on India?
1. Increased foreign investment
2. Growth of the information technology (IT) sector
3. Decline in agricultural production
4. Wider availability of goods and services
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 3

C. Millets 3. Warm and moist climate with high altitude
Option :
(a) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3 (b) A-3, B-4, C-1,D-2

(c) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 (d) A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
18. Which sector of the Indian economy is directly involved in innovation, research, and development?
(a) Primary Sector, dealing with natural resources.
(b) Secondary Sector, focusing on manufacturing and construction.
(c) Tertiary Sector, providing various services to consumers.
(d) Quaternary Sector, specializing in information and knowledge-based services.
Why does 45 percent of the land in this country go under agriculture?**

(a) It provides raw materials for industries.
(b) Agriculture employs the majority of the population.
(c) Most of the land is fertile.
(d) It has abundant water resources.
State Annual Rainfall (mm) Percentage of Area Irrigated
State A 1200 35%
State B 800 50%
Why does State B have a higher percentage of irrigated area despite receiving less rainfall than
State A?
(a) State A is a highly industrialized state.
(b) State A relies on rain-fed agriculture.
(c) State B has a more developed irrigation system.
(d) State B has fewer water bodies.

SECTION - B
21. “The Civil Disobedience Movement strengthened Indian nationalism.” Explain how the Civil
Disobedience Movement reinforced the nationalist movement.
22. “Human activities significantly impact the availability of natural resources.” Explain how.
23. “Inter-state councils facilitate cooperation among states.” Explain how inter-state councils
contribute to federalism.
24. “The service sector is the fastest-growing sector in India.” Explain why this sector is expanding
rapidly.
O
“The primary sector faces several challenges in India.” Discuss the main challenges faced by the
primary sector.
SECTION - C
25. “Democracy encourages political pluralism.” Explain the statement by giving any three examples.
26. “The Atlantic slave trade was a key component of the early global economy.” Explain the statement
O
“The formation of global alliances reshaped political dynamics in the 19th century.” Explain the
27. “Meena is interested in setting up a reliable electricity supply for her rural community. She is
unaware of the different sources of energy and their suitability for rural areas.” Help her identify the
most suitable energy sources for establishing a reliable electricity supply in her rural community.
28. “Religious tolerance is essential for peaceful coexistence.” Explain the statement by giving any
three examples.

29. Between 2000 and 2020, India’s foreign exchange reserves have grown, providing economic stability
and confidence. As a result, foreign exchange management has become crucial for India’s financial
health. Why is foreign exchange management important for India? Support your answer by giving
any three reasons.
SECTION - D
30. ‘The use of print media in propaganda was instrumental during both World Wars.’ Justify the
O
‘The role of print media in the Renaissance was fundamental to cultural transformation.’
31. Manoj lives in a region that is prone to water scarcity. What role can community participation
play in water resource management to ensure sustainable access to water?
O
Rani’s town is known for its textile industry, but many workers face poor working conditions.
What are the challenges faced by workers in the manufacturing sector, and how can their working
conditions be improved?
32. ‘Political parties serve as a link between the government and the people.’ Justify the importance
of political parties in a democracy.
O
‘Gender discrimination is a persistent issue in Indian society.’ Discuss the challenges faced by
women in India.
33. Mr. D is concerned about the impact of globalization on small-scale industries. How has increased
competition from foreign companies affected small industries in India, and what challenges do they
face in competing with larger multinational corporations?
O
A multinational company outsources its customer service operations to India. How does the
globalization of services create employment in developing countries like India, and what impact
does it have on the local economy?

SECTION - E
The idea of development or progress has always been with us. We have aspirations or desires about
what we would like to do and how we would like to live. Similarly, we have ideas about what a
country should be like. What are the essential things that we require? Can life be better for all? How
should people live together? Can there be more equality? Development involves thinking about these
questions and about the ways in which we can work towards achieving these goals.
countries. Countries with per capita income of US $ 12,056 per annum and above in 2017, are
called rich countries and those with per capita income of US $ 955 or less are called low-income
countries. India comes in the category of low middle income countries because its per capita income
in 2017 was just US $ 1820 per annum.
Groundwater is an example of renewable resources. These resources are replenished by nature as
in the case of crops and plants. However, even these resources may be overused. For example, in
the case of groundwater, if we use more than what is being replenished by rain then we would be
overusing this resource.
Questions :
1. What do you mean by economic development?
2. Why India comes in the category of low middle income countries?
3. Why groundwater is the best example of renewable resources?
Ideas of national unity in early-nineteenth-century Europe were closely allied to the ideology of
liberalism. The term ‘liberalism’ derives from the Latin root liber, meaning free. For the new middle
classes liberalism stood for freedom for the individual and equality of all before the law. Politically,
it emphasised the concept of government by consent. Since the French Revolution, liberalism had
stood for the end of autocracy and clerical privileges, a constitution and representative government
through parliament. Nineteenth-century liberals also stressed the inviolability of private property.
Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European governments were driven by a spirit of
conservatism. Conservatives believed that established, traditional institutions of state and society –
like the monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, property and the family – should be preserved. Most
conservatives, however, did not propose a return to the society of pre-revolutionary days. Rather,
they realised, from the changes initiated by Napoleon, that modernisation could in fact strengthen
traditional institutions like the monarchy. It could make state power more effective and strong. A
modern army, an efficient bureaucracy, a dynamic economy, the abolition of feudalism and serfdom
could strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe.
Conservative regimes set up in 1815 were autocratic. They did not tolerate criticism and dissent,
and sought to curb activities that questioned the legitimacy of autocratic governments. Most of
them imposed censorship laws to control what was said in newspapers, books, plays and songs and
reflected the ideas of liberty and freedom associated with the French Revolution. The memory of the
French Revolution nonetheless continued to inspire liberals. One of the major issues taken up by the
liberal-nationalists, who criticised the new conservative order, was freedom of the press.
Questions :
1. What is the literal meaning of ‘liberalism’ ?
2. What was the belief of Conservatives?
3. Why Conservative regimes was characterised by the autocrats?
This type of farming is practised in areas of high population pressure on land. It is labour-intensive
farming, where high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher
production. Though the ‘right of inheritance’ leading to the division of land among successive
generations has rendered land-holding size uneconomical, the farmers continue to take maximum
output from the limited land in the absence of alternative source of livelihood. Thus, there is
enormous pressure on agricultural land.
The main characteristic of this type of farming is the use of higher doses of modern inputs, e.g.
high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides in order to
obtain higher productivity. The degree of commercialisation of agriculture varies from one region
to another. For example, rice is a commercial crop in Haryana and Punjab, but in Odisha, it is
a subsistence crop. Plantation is also a type of commercial farming. In this type of farming, a
single crop is grown on a large area. The plantation has an interface of agriculture and industry.
Plantations cover large tracts of land, using capital intensive inputs, with the help of migrant
labourers. All the produce is used as raw material in respective industries.
Questions:
1. With what objective ‘Intensive Subsistence Farming’ is practised?
2. Mention any one feature of commercial farming.
3. What is plantation farming? Name some important plantation crops which are grown in India.
SECTION-F
their correct names on the lines drawn near them. Identify the following features marked on
the map.
A. The place where the Congress Session adopted the Non-Cooperation Programme.
B. The place where the Movement of Indigo Planters took place.
symbols.
C. Rarnagundam Thermal Power Plant
D. Mumbai Port
E. Hyderabad International Airport
F. Tehri Dam
www.nodia.i
Sample Paper 23
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A
1. The picture portrays about the :
(a) Uneven Dispersal of power between the Centre and State.

(b) Lack of harmonization between Centre and State.
(c) The states plead for more power.
(d) Demand for power by the states can never be met.
2. Arrange the following in the sequence in which the events occurred:

1. Chauri-Chaura
2. Khilafat Movement
3. Second Round Table Conference
4. Civil Disobedience Movement
Options :
(a) 1, 4, 2, 3 (b) 2, 3, 4, 1
(c) 4, 2, 3, 1 (d) 2, 1, 4, 3
3. How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to the rise of nationalism in Europe?
(a) By reducing the need for national identity through increased global trade.
(b) By fostering economic growth and creating a sense of national pride and unity.
(c) By weakening the power of the middle class and promoting aristocratic rule.
(d) By promoting agrarian lifestyles and reducing urbanization.
4. Mahatma Gandhi’s concept of Satyagraha was central to the Indian independence movement.
Which of the following are key features of Gandhian Satyagraha?
1. Non-violence and civil disobedience
2. Use of violent protests
3. Moral resistance against injustice
4. Acceptance of unjust laws
Options :
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1, 3, and 4 (d) 1 and 2
5. Which type of forest is found in areas with heavy rainfall, such as the Western Ghats and parts
of northeastern India?
(a) Tropical deciduous forests, which shed leaves during the dry season.
(b) Tropical rainforests, known for their dense vegetation and biodiversity.
(c) Temperate forests, which are characterized by cold climates and coniferous trees.
(d) Mangrove forests, which are found in coastal areas and tidal zones.
6. The Indus Water Treaty between India and Pakistan plays a crucial role in water resource
management. Evaluate the following statements about the treaty:
1. The treaty allocates the use of rivers between the two countries to prevent disputes.
2. It grants India exclusive rights to the use of the Indus River system.
3. The treaty allows Pakistan to use the three western rivers for irrigation and hydropower
projects.
4. The Indus Water Treaty has been successful in managing water sharing between India and
Pakistan.
7. The Green Revolution, introduced in the 1960, significantly increased agricultural production in
India through the use of high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of _______.
(a) Wheat and rice (b) Cotton and sugarcane
(c) Tea and coffee (d) Pulses and oilseeds
8. Which of the following is a common form of Caste-Based Discrimination in India?

(a) Equal access to education for all castes
(b) Denial of entry into temples based on caste
(c) Promotion of inter-caste marriages
(d) Representation of all castes in government jobs
9. Political parties play a key role in ensuring that democracy functions smoothly. Which of the
following statements about political parties are correct?
1. Political parties are necessary for the smooth functioning of democracy.
2. Political parties provide voters with multiple choices during elections.
3. Political parties are required by law to be non-partisan.
4. Political parties can represent the interests of specific social groups.
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 3 and 4
10. Which of the following statements accurately capture the advantages and potential pitfalls of
federalism as a system of governance that aims to accommodate diversity and promote local
decision-making?
1. Federalism enhances the representation of local interests in government decisions.
2. It can lead to a lack of coordination between various levels of government.
3. Federalism simplifies the decision-making process by consolidating power at the top.
4. It encourages innovation in governance through localized solutions.
Options:
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 4
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 and 4
11. Federalism in India is designed to ensure that certain key subjects, such as defense, foreign affairs,
and communications, remain under the direct control of the _______ government, while other
matters are managed by the state governments.
(a) Local (b) State
(c) Central (d) Municipal
12. Which of the following is true about the distribution of powers in India’s federal system?
Statement I : The division of powers between the Union and State governments is clearly listed in
the Constitution through three lists – Union List, State List, and Concurrent List.
Statement II : States have the right to secede from the Union if they disagree with federal policies.

List I List II
Option :

Statement I: Globalization has facilitated the flow of technology across countries.
Statement II: Globalization has reduced competition among businesses globally.
15. How has globalization influenced the agricultural sector in India?

(a) It has led to the decline of agricultural exports and reduced farmers’ incomes.
(b) It has facilitated access to advanced technologies, increasing agricultural productivity and
exports.
(c) It has isolated the agricultural sector from global markets, limiting growth opportunities.
(d) It has primarily benefited only the industrial and service sectors, neglecting agriculture.
16. National income is often used as a measure of a country’s development. Which of the following
statements about national income are correct?
1. It is the total value of goods and services produced within a country.
2. It includes income earned by nationals abroad.
3. It excludes income generated by foreign nationals within the country.
4. It reflects the distribution of income within the population.
Options :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1, 2, and 3
(c) 2 and 4 (d) 1 and 4

Column A Column B
(c) Farmers who depend only on rain for growing Assured a higher support prices for their
crops crops
(d) A rural woman from a land owning family Regular job and high wages to increase
her income
18. How does inflation affect the value of money and purchasing power in an economy?
(a) Inflation increases the value of money, enhancing purchasing power.
(b) Inflation decreases the value of money, reducing the purchasing power of consumers.
(c) Inflation has no impact on the value of money or consumer purchasing power.
(d) Inflation stabilizes the value of money by maintaining consistent prices.
What is the significance of 35 percent area being covered by alluvial soil?

(a) Alluvial soil supports dry farming.
(b) It is found in desert areas.
(c) It is highly fertile and suitable for growing crops.
(d) It is poor in nutrients and supports fewer crops.
State Rice Yield (tons/hectare) Wheat Yield (tons/hectare)
State A 4 3
State B 5 4
Why does State B have higher yields of both rice and wheat than State A?
(a) State A has less fertile soil.
(b) State B uses modern farming techniques.
(c) State A lacks advanced agricultural infrastructure.
(d) State B has better irrigation facilities.

SECTION - B
21. “The Cold War shaped international relations in the modern world.” Explain how the Cold War
influenced global politics and alliances.
22. “Illegal logging has severe impacts on forests.” Discuss its effects.
23. “Religious freedom is a cornerstone of Indian democracy.” Explain the importance of religious
freedom in India.
24. “Digital banking is transforming the financial sector.” Explain the impact of digital banking on
the economy.
O
“Savings are essential for investment and economic growth.” Justify the statement with suitable
arguments.
SECTION - C
25. “Power sharing accommodates diversity in a nation.” Explain the statement by giving any three
examples.
26. “The accessibility of printed material democratized education and literacy.” Explain the statement
O
“The proliferation of books and pamphlets in the 19th century contributed to social and political
reforms.” Explain the statement by giving suitable examples.
27. “Rohit wants to understand the role of the banking sector in the national economy. He lacks
knowledge about how banks contribute to economic development.” Guide him in identifying the
various ways the banking sector supports economic growth and development in the nation.
28. “Power sharing promotes equality among different groups in society.” Explain the statement by
29. With the advent of global media and communication technologies, India’s culture and products
have gained international visibility. As a result, cultural globalization has influenced India’s
economy. Why has cultural globalization become significant in India? Support your answer by
SECTION - D
30. ‘The concept of self-determination was central to nationalist movements.’ Justify the statement
O
‘The role of intellectuals was pivotal in shaping nationalist ideologies.’ Substantiate the statement
with key features.
31. Kamal lives in a drought-prone region where agriculture is challenging. What alternative agricultural
practices can be adopted in arid and semi-arid regions to ensure sustainability?
O
Priya sees that many farmers in her area are burdened with debt due to crop failures. How can the
government and financial institutions support farmers to reduce their financial risks?
32. ‘Democracies may not guarantee economic development but promote equality.’ Justify the role of
democracy in promoting social and political equality
O
‘The strength of a democracy is measured by how well it performs in addressing social issues.’
Analyse the role of democracy in tackling social challenges.
33. Mr. Z is concerned about the growing gap between the rich and poor in his country. How can
policies that focus on equitable wealth distribution and access to opportunities contribute to
reducing income inequality and improving the overall development of a nation?
O
A country with a high Human Development Index (HDI) struggles to provide clean drinking water
to a large portion of its population. How can this issue be addressed to ensure that development
reaches all sectors of society?

SECTION - E
Money or material things that one can buy with it, is one factor on which our life depends. But the
quality of our life also depends on non-material things mentioned above. If it is not obvious to you,
then just think of the role of your friends in your life. You may desire their friendship. Similarly,
there are many things that are not easily measured but they mean a lot to our lives. These are often
ignored. However, it will be wrong to conclude that what cannot be measured is not important.
Consider another example. If you get a job in a far-off place, before accepting it you would try to
consider many factors, apart from income, such as facilities for your family, working atmosphere,
or opportunity to learn. In another case, a job may give you less pay but may offer regular
employment that enhances your sense of security. Another job, however, may offer high pay but
no job security and also leave no time for your family. This will reduce your sense of security and
freedom. Similarly, for development, people look at a mix of goals. It is true that if women are
engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society increases. However, it is also the
case that if there is respect for women there would be more sharing of household work and a greater
acceptance of women working outside. A safe and secure environment may allow more women to
take up a variety of jobs or run a business. Hence, the developmental goals that people have are not
only about better income but also about other important things in life.
Questions :
1. “It will be wrong to conclude that what cannot be measured is not important.” Explain the
statement in the context of development.
2. What do you mean by the term ‘Job Security’ ?
3. What can be a development goal for an employee?
Let us look at Romanticism, a cultural movement which sought to develop a particular form of
nationalist sentiment. Romantic artists and poets generally criticised the glorification of reason and
science and focused instead on emotions, intuition and mystical feelings. Their effort was to create
a sense of a shared collective heritage, a common cultural past, as the basis of a nation.
The 1830s were years of great economic hardship in Europe. The first half of the nineteenth century
saw an enormous increase in population all over Europe. In most countries there were more seekers
of jobs than employment. Population from rural areas migrated to the cities to live in overcrowded
slums.
In other parts of Europe where independent nation-states did not yet exist – such as Germany, Italy,
Poland, the Austro-Hungarian Empire – men and women of the liberal middle classes combined
their demands for constitutionalism with national unification. They took advantage of the growing
popular unrest to push their demands for the creation of a nation-state on parliamentary principles
– a constitution, freedom of the press and freedom of association.
Questions :
1. What are the other aspect of idea of nationalism?
2. What do you meant by economic hardship in Europe?
3. What were the demand of Liberals?
Decaying plants in swamps produce peat which has a low carbon and high moisture content and
low heating capacity. Lignite is low grade brown coal, which is soft with high moisture content. The
principal lignite reserves are in Neyveli in Tamil Nadu and are used for generation of electricity.
Coal that has been buried deep and subjected to increased temperatures is bituminous coal. It is the
most popular coal in commercial use. Metallurgical coal is high grade bituminous coal which has a
special value for smelting iron in blast furnaces. Anthracite is the highest quality hard coal.
In India coal occurs in rock series of two main geological ages, namely Gondwana, a little over 200
million years in age and in tertiary deposits which are only about 55 million years old. The major
resources of Gondwana coal, which are metallurgical coal, are located in Damodar valley (West
Bengal, Jharkhand). Jharia, Raniganj, Bokaro are important coalfields. The Godavari, Mahanadi,
Son and Wardha valleys also contain coal deposits. Tertiary coals occur in the North-Eastern States
of Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland.
Questions :
1. Which reserves in Tamil Nadu is an important source of lignite in India?
2. What is bituminous coal? Also evaluate its any one property.
3. State the reason due to which coal is associated with geological ages.
SECTION-F
their correct names on the line drawn near them.
A. Movement of Indigo Planters
B. Peasant Satyagraha
(b) On the same map of India, locate and label any three among the following with suitable
symbols.
C. Bengaluru Software Technology Park
D. Mangaluru Seaport
E. Indira Gandhi International Airport
F. Kakrapara Nuclear Plant
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Sample Paper 24
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A
1. The following picture talks about the reality of Indian Political System intended for:
(a) Political Biasness against women for more representation in Parliament.

(b) Lesser participation of women in Parliament.
(c) Lack of women movements for more participation in Elected bodies.
(d) Reluctant Ness in women for their political right.
2. Arrange the following in the chronological order :

1. Adoption of the Non-Cooperation Programme
2. Lahore Congress session
3. Dandi March
Options :
(a) 1, 2, 3 (b) 2, 3, 1
(c) 2, 1, 3 (d) 1, 3, 2
3. The idea of Swaraj, as popularized by Mahatma Gandhi during the Indian freedom struggle, refers
to which concept?
(a) Self-rule or complete independence from British colonial rule.
(b) Economic development through cooperation with British businesses.
(c) The overthrow of British rule through violent rebellion and force.
(d) A federal system of government with limited British oversight.
4. The Bretton Woods Conference of 1944 established a new international economic order. Which of
the following institutions were created at the Bretton Woods Conference?
1. International Monetary Fund (IMF)
2. World Trade Organization (WTO)
3. World Bank
4. United Nations (UN)
Options :
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1, 2, and 3 (d) 1, 3, and 4
5. The Tehri Dam, built on the Bhagirathi River, is primarily used for which purpose?
(a) Flood control, irrigation, and generating hydroelectric power in northern India.
(b) Promoting tourism and recreational activities in the region.
(c) Providing drinking water to major cities in the region.
(d) Supporting fishing and aquaculture in the surrounding areas.
6. The Green Revolution in India was characterized by the following features. Identify the correct
statements.
1. Introduction of high-yielding varieties of seeds.
2. Increased use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
3. Promotion of organic farming techniques.
4. Expansion of irrigation facilities through canals and tube wells.
Options:
7. Non-conventional sources of energy, such as solar and wind power, are gaining importance in India
because they are _______ and environmentally friendly.
(a) Exhaustible (b) Expensive
(c) Renewable (d) Traditional

8. What is the main reason behind the formation of coalition governments in India?
(a) To ensure a single party holds absolute power without any opposition.
(b) To combine forces of multiple parties to form a stable government when no single party has a
majority.
(c) To prevent smaller parties from having any influence in the government.
(d) To expedite the legislative process by reducing the number of parties involved.
9. One of the key promises of democracy is the protection of minority rights. Which of the following
outcomes of democracy help protect the rights of minorities?
1. Legal safeguards to prevent discrimination
2. Representation of minorities in decision-making bodies
3. Exclusive political power for majority groups
4. Protection of cultural and religious rights
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 3 and 4
10. The impact of gender-based discrimination on social development is a significant concern in India.
Which of the following statements effectively illustrate the various dimensions of this issue in the
context of women’s rights and social justice?
1. Women often face barriers to education and employment opportunities.
2. The legal framework effectively addresses all forms of gender discrimination.
3. Empowering women leads to broader social and economic development.
4. Gender biases have been completely eradicated in contemporary society.
Options:
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 1, 3, and 4
11. The practice of discrimination on the basis of caste, which was prevalent in many parts of India,
has been formally abolished by the Indian government, with the _______ being the primary
legal framework for ensuring equality.
(a) Civil Rights Act (b) Constitution
(c) Parliament (d) Supreme Court
12. Consider the following statements about the role of religion in Indian politics and choose the
correct answer:
Statement I : Religion plays no role in Indian politics due to the secular nature of the Constitution.
Statement II : Political leaders sometimes use religious issues to mobilize voters during elections.

13. Match the following from List I and List II:

List I List II
A. Rice 1. Temperature- 25° C, Rainfall- 100 cm-200 cm
B. Wheat 2. Temperature- 20-25° C, Rainfall- 50 cm-75 cm
C. Maize 3. Temperature- 21-25° C, Rainfall- 50 cm-75 cm
D. Pulses 4. Temperature- 20-25° C, Rainfall- 50 cm-75 cm
Option :
(a) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3 (b) A-3, B-4, C-2,D-1
(c) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 (d) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

Statement I: Sustainable development aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Statement II: Economic development always leads to environmental degradation.
15. What is the significance of the poverty line in assessing economic development?
(a) It measures the total population of a country without considering income levels.
(b) It identifies the minimum income level required to meet basic needs, helping to evaluate
poverty levels.
(c) It calculates the average wealth of the richest individuals in a society.
(d) It determines the optimal economic policies for maximizing GDP growth.
16. Public and private sectors play different roles in the economy. Which of the following are
characteristics of the public sector?
1. The government owns and operates public sector enterprises.
2. Private individuals own the majority of public sector enterprises.
3. Public sector enterprises are established to provide essential services.
4. Profit maximization is the primary goal of the public sector.
Options :
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 3 and 4

1. Unirrigated land A. Setting up agro-based mills
2. Low prices for crops B. Cooperative marketing societies
3. Debt burden C. Procurement of food grains by government
4. No job in the off season D. Construction of canals by the government
5. Compelled to sell their grains to the local E. e Banks to provide credit with low interest
traders soon after harvest
(a) 1-A 2-B 3-C 4-D 5-E (b) 1-D 2-C 3-E 4-A 5-B
(c) 1-C 2-D 3-E 4-A 5-B (d) 1-B 2-C 3-E 4-D 5-A
18. How has technology transfer through globalization benefited the Indian manufacturing sector?
(a) It has made Indian manufacturing less competitive by introducing outdated technologies.
(b) It has enhanced productivity and quality in manufacturing through the adoption of advanced
technologies.
(c) It has had no significant impact on the technological capabilities of Indian manufacturers.
(d) It has restricted Indian manufacturers from innovating independently by relying on foreign
technologies.
Why does deforestation contribute to 30 percent of land degradation?

(a) It reduces the amount of forest cover.
(b) It leads to overgrazing.
(c) It improves soil fertility.
(d) It increases the amount of barren land.
State Rice Yield (tons/hectare) Wheat Yield (tons/hectare)
State A 4 3
State B 5 4
Why does State B have higher yields of both rice and wheat than State A?
(a) State A has less fertile soil.
(b) State B uses modern farming techniques.
(c) State A lacks advanced agricultural infrastructure.
(d) State B has better irrigation facilities.

SECTION - B
21. “Censorship challenged the freedom of print media in the modern world.” Explain the impact of
censorship on print culture.
22. “Groundwater is a crucial source of water for many regions.” Discuss its significance and challenges.
23. “The role of opposition parties is crucial in democracy.” Explain why opposition parties are
important.
24. “India has benefited from globalization through increased foreign investment.” Explain the benefits
of foreign investment for India.
O
“Globalization can lead to the loss of local industries.” Justify the statement with suitable
arguments.
SECTION - C
25. “Federalism helps in managing regional conflicts.” Explain the statement by giving any three
examples.
26. “The Congress of Vienna aimed to suppress nationalist movements in Europe.” Explain the
O
“Economic competition among European powers fostered nationalist rivalries.” Explain the
27. “Kavita is interested in growing vegetables commercially but lacks knowledge about the necessary
infrastructure and resources.” Help her identify the essential infrastructure and resources required
for commercial vegetable farming.
28. “Federalism accommodates regional differences in a nation.” Explain the statement by giving any
three examples.
29. India has invested heavily in technological advancements and innovation, leading to a knowledge-
based economy. Consequently, technological development has become a key driver of India’s
progress. Why has technological development become so important in India’s development?
SECTION - D
30. ‘Economic exploitation by the British fueled the nationalist sentiments in India.’ Justify the
O
‘The influence of global events like World War I and II accelerated India’s fight for independence.’
31. Suresh is concerned about the rising demand for energy in his industrial town. What are the different
types of energy resources, and how can the demand for energy be met without compromising
environmental sustainability?
O
Priya sees that many people in her village rely on firewood for cooking. What are the disadvantages
of using firewood, and how can cleaner energy alternatives be introduced to rural areas?
32. ‘Majoritarianism undermines the spirit of democracy.’ Analyse the impact of majoritarianism on
democratic governance.
O
‘The concept of community government in Belgium is an innovative form of power sharing.’
Substantiate this statement.
33. Mr. D is learning about the informal sector in India and wants to understand its significance. How
does the informal or unorganized sector contribute to employment and income generation in the
country, and why is it important to recognize the role of this sector in the economy?
O
Farmers in rural areas are often unemployed during off-seasons. What is seasonal unemployment,
and how can the government support rural workers during these times?

SECTION - E
There are many activities that are undertaken by directly using natural resources. Take, for example,
the cultivation of cotton. It takes place within a crop season. For the growth of the cotton plant, we
depend mainly, but not entirely, on natural factors like rainfall, sunshine and climate. The product
of this activity, cotton, is a natural product. Similarly, in the case of an activity like dairy, we
are dependent on the biological process of the animals and availability of fodder etc. The product
here, milk, also is a natural product. Similarly, minerals and ores are also natural products. When
we produce a good by exploiting natural resources, it is an activity of the primary sector. This is
because it forms the base for all other products that we subsequently make. Since most of the natural
products we get are from agriculture, dairy, fishing, forestry, this sector is also called agriculture
and related sector. The secondary sector covers activities in which natural products are changed into
other forms through ways of manufacturing that we associate with industrial activity. It is the next
step after primary sector activities if the product is not produced by nature but has to be made and
therefore some process of manufacturing is essential. After primary and secondary sector activities
there is a third category of activities that falls under tertiary sector and is different from the above
two. These are activities that help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors. These
activities, by themselves, do not produce a good but they are an aid or a support for the production
process. For example, goods that are produced in the primary or secondary sector would need to be
transported by trucks or trains and then sold in wholesale and retail shops.
Questions :
1. What do you understand by primary sector? What is the other name of primary sector?
2. What do you understand by secondary activities?
3. What do you understand by tertiary activities? What is the other name for tertiary sector?
In Africa, in the 1890s, a fast-spreading disease of cattle plague or rinderpest had a terrifying impact
on people’s livelihoods and the local economy. This is a good example of the widespread European
imperial impact on colonised societies. It shows how in this era of conquest even a disease affecting
cattle, reshaped the lives and fortunes of thousands of people and their relations with the rest of the
world. Historically, Africa had abundant land and a relatively small population. For centuries, land
and livestock sustained African livelihoods and people rarely worked for a wage. In late nineteenth-
century Africa, there were few consumer goods that wages could buy. If you had been an African
possessing land and livestock - and there was plenty of both - you too would have seen little reason to
work for a wage.
Questions :
1. What was Rinderpest?
2. What were the two main sources of African economy for past centuries?
3. How cattle plague affected the situation of people in Africa?

In most industrial regions workers came from the districts around. Peasants and artisans who
found no work in the village went to the industrial centres in search of work. Over 50 per cent
workers in the Bombay cotton industries in 1911 came from the neighbouring district of Ratnagiri,
while the mills of Kanpur got most of their textile hands from the villages within the district of
Kanpur. Most often mill workers moved between the village and the city, returning to their village
homes during harvests and festivals.
European Managing Agencies, which dominated industrial production in India, were interested in
certain kinds of products. They established tea and coffee plantations, acquiring land at cheap rates
from the colonial government; and they invested in mining, indigo and jute. Most of these were
products required primarily for export trade and not for sale in India.
From 1906, moreover, the export of Indian yam to China declined since produce from Chinese and
Japanese mills flooded the Chinese market. So industrialists in India began shifting from yam to
cloth production. Cotton piece-goods production in India doubled between 1900 and 1912.
Questions :
1. Where did the workers come in cotton mills in India during 1900s?
2. What helped the European Managing Agencies to dominate the Indian markets?
3. Why did industrialists shift from yarm to cloth production ?
SECTION-F
37. (a) Two places A and B have been marked on the given outline map of India. Identify them and
write their correct names on the lines drown near them.
A. The place where Peasant Satyagraha took place.
B. The place associated with Jallianwala Bagh incident.
symbols.
C. Airport in Punjab
D. Software Technology Park in Maharashtra
E. Marmagao Sea Port
F. Kakrapara Nuclear Power Plant
www.nodia.i
Sample Paper 25
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A
1. Following Caricature about political parties of India portrays that:
(a) We have very large political parties base compared to any other country in the world.
(b) Political parties can have different opinions based upon different interest Groups.
(c) Most political parties have detailed agenda for development and progress during elections time
but disappear during time of peril.
(d) In democracy,having large population all the promises written in party manifesto can’t be
fulfilled.

1. Quit India movement launched
2. Muslim League Established
3. Death of Lala Lajpat Rai
4. Formation of federation of Indian Chamber of commerce and industries
Options
(a) 1, 4, 2, 3 (b) 2, 3, 4, 1
(c) 4, 2, 3, 1 (d) 2, 1, 4, 3
3. The development of new trade routes during the 19th century, such as the Suez Canal, had what
effect on global trade?
(a) It reduced travel time and boosted trade between Europe and Asia.
(b) It made global trade more expensive due to increased tariffs.
(c) It caused a decline in demand for goods produced in Europe.
(d) It led to the isolation of Asian economies from the global market.
4. The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 was a significant event in the history of Indian print culture.
Which of the following were provisions of the Vernacular Press Act?
1. It allowed the government to censor the press.
2. It targeted newspapers in Indian languages.
3. It promoted the growth of vernacular newspapers.
4. It gave newspapers complete freedom of expression.
Options :
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1, 2, and 3
(c) 2 and 4 (d) 3 and 4
5. Which type of irrigation method is most commonly used in dry regions of India where water is
scarce?
(a) Drip irrigation, which delivers water directly to the roots of crops to minimize wastage.
(b) Sprinkler irrigation, which sprays water over crops using mechanized sprinklers.
(c) Canal irrigation, which relies on water transported through canals from rivers and dams.
(d) Flood irrigation, where fields are entirely flooded with water for crop production.
6. Concerning India’s energy policy, identify the correct statements.

1. India aims to increase its reliance on fossil fuels exclusively.
2. There is a focus on expanding renewable energy sources like wind and solar.
3. Nuclear energy plays a significant role in India’s energy strategy.
4. Energy conservation measures are being neglected in policy planning.
Options:
7. The location of industries depends on several factors, including the availability of raw materials,
labor, capital, and _______ facilities for easy transportation of goods.
(a) Banking (b) Export
(c) Trading (d) Transport
8. In what way does democracy enhance individual freedoms and rights in India?
(a) By imposing strict regulations that limit personal freedoms for societal stability.
(b) By ensuring the protection of fundamental rights and allowing citizens to express their opinions
freely.
(c) By restricting media freedom to control public discourse and maintain order.
(d) By centralizing authority and reducing the autonomy of individuals in decision-making.
9. The idea of power-sharing promotes stability in diverse societies. Which of the following is an
example of horizontal power-sharing?
1. Power shared among different levels of government
2. Power shared among different organs of government
3. Power shared among different social groups
4. Power shared among political parties
Options :
10. Political parties are fundamental to the functioning of democracy, serving various critical roles
in the political landscape. Which of the following statements correctly illustrate the primary
functions of political parties in a democratic setup?
1. They serve as a bridge between the government and the public, facilitating communication.
2. Political parties are exclusively focused on gaining power for their leaders, disregarding public
interests.
3. They organize elections and mobilize voter support for candidates.
4. Political parties discourage public participation in political processes.
Options:
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 3 and 4
11. When no single political party wins a clear majority in an election, multiple parties may come
together to form a _______ government, ensuring that a stable administration can be
maintained.
(a) Simple (b) Two-thirds
(c) Absolute (d) Coalition
12. Political parties have several roles to play in a democracy. Consider the following:
Statement I : Political parties are responsible for nominating candidates for elections.
Statement II : Political parties do not influence public opinion on major national issues.


Problem faced by farming sector Some possible measures
A. Setting up agro-based mills 1. Unirrigated land
B. Cooperative marketing societies 2. Low prices for crops
C. Procurement of foodgrains by government 3. Debt burden
D. Construction of canals by the government 4. No job in the off season
E. Banks to provide credit with low interest 5. Compelled to sell their grains to the
local traders soon after harvest.
Option :
(a) A - 3, B - 1, C - 2, D - 5, E - 3
(b) A - 3, B - 5, C - 1, D - 2, E - 4
(c) A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1, E - 5
(d) A - 4, B - 5, C - 2, D - 1, E - 3

Statement I: The primary objective of wildlife sanctuaries is to protect animals without human
interference.
Statement II: National parks have stricter protection regulations compared to wildlife sanctuaries.
15. What role does the tertiary sector play in enhancing the quality of life in India?
(a) By increasing the production of raw materials for industrial use.
(b) By offering essential services such as healthcare, education, and transportation, thereby
improving living standards.
(c) By focusing exclusively on agricultural development and resource extraction.
(d) By limiting access to services and focusing on industrial growth only.
16. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) plays a crucial role in regulating the financial system. Which of
the following are functions of the RBI?
1. Controlling inflation and monitoring the money supply
2. Issuing new currency notes and coins
3. Regulating formal credit institutions
4. Providing loans to the public
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 3
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 4
(d) 3 and 4


List I List I
Option :
(a) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3 (b) A-3, B-4, C-2,D-1
(c) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 (d) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
18. How does technological advancement influence the economic development of a nation?
(a) It leads to job losses without any increase in productivity or economic output.
(b) It enhances productivity, creates new industries, and improves the overall standard of living.
(c) It has no significant impact on the economic structures of a country.
(d) It primarily benefits only the technology sector without affecting other areas of the economy.
Why does non-renewable resources make up 60 percent of total resources?

(a) They are exhaustible and take millions of years to form.
(b) They are abundantly available.
(c) They can be replenished within a short period.
(d) They are produced by natural processes.
State Coal Production (million tons) Iron Ore Production (million tons
State A 20 25
State B 15 30
Why does State B have higher iron ore production compared to coal production?
(a) State B has more iron ore reserves.
(b) State B focuses on export markets.
(c) State A has better coal mining technology.
(d) State A lacks transportation facilities.
SECTION - B
21. “The 1848 Revolutions highlighted the role of liberalism in nationalism.” Discuss the interplay
between liberalism and nationalism during the 1848 Revolutions.
22. “Energy infrastructure is a backbone of the economy.” Explain why.
23. “Democracy fosters peaceful resolution of conflicts.” Justify the statement with suitable arguments.
24. “Education plays a vital role in the development of a country.” Justify this statement with suitable
arguments.
O
“Healthcare is a fundamental aspect of development.” Explain the importance of healthcare in
development.
SECTION - C
25. “Promoting gender sensitivity leads to a more inclusive society.” Explain the statement by giving
any three examples.
26. “Subhas Chandra Bose’s approach differed from Gandhi’s in the Indian nationalist movement.”
O
“The Civil Disobedience Movement was a turning point in India’s struggle for independence.”
27. “Mehul is interested in the diamond industry and wants to know the key regions in India where
diamonds are mined.” Assist him in identifying the major diamond mining regions in India and
the factors that make them suitable for diamond extraction.
28. “Power sharing strengthens democracy.” Explain the statement by giving any three examples.

29. With the growth of e-commerce, India’s retail sector has transformed, becoming one of the fastest-
growing segments of the economy. As a result, the retail sector has emerged as a key component
of India’s economic landscape. Why has the retail sector become so important in India? Support
SECTION - D
30. ‘The Columbian Exchange transformed diets and economies around the world.’ Substantiate the
O
‘The concept of nation-states emerged prominently during the making of global worlds.’ Justify
31. Priya learns that some industries are shifting to eco-friendly practices. What are the benefits of
adopting eco-friendly industrial practices, and how do they contribute to sustainable development?
O
Vandana notices that many industries in her region are relocating due to better infrastructure
in other areas. What role does infrastructure play in the growth and location of manufacturing
industries?
32. ‘The practice of federalism in India ensures both autonomy and unity.’ Justify this statement with
suitable examples.
O
‘Federalism in India has evolved over time to meet regional demands.’ Analyse how federalism has
adapted to changing political realities.
33. Miss E is studying the role of the secondary sector in India’s economic growth. How does the
industrialization of the manufacturing sector contribute to overall economic growth, and what are
the key factors that drive the expansion of industries in developing countries like India?
O
With the rise of digital payments, many small business owners are moving away from cash
transactions. How does this trend benefit the economy, and what challenges does it pose for those
without access to technology?
SECTION - E
Tax on imports is an example of trade barrier. It is called a barrier because some restriction has
been set up. Governments can use trade barriers to increase or decrease (regulate) foreign trade
and to decide what kinds of goods and how much of each, should come into the country. The Indian
government, after Independence, had put barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment. This was
considered necessary to protect the producers within the country from foreign competition. Industries
were just coming up in the 1950s and 1960s, and competition from imports at that stage would not
have allowed these industries to come up. Thus, India allowed imports of only essential items such
as machinery, fertilisers, petroleum etc. Note that all developed countries, during the early stages
of development, have given protection to domestic producers through a variety of means. Starting
around 1991, some far reaching changes in policy were made in India. The government decided
that the time had come for Indian producers to compete with producers around the globe. It felt
that competition would improve the performance of producers within the country since they would
have to improve their quality. This decision was supported by powerful international organisations.
Thus, barriers on foreign trade and foreign investment were removed to a large extent. This meant
that goods could be imported and exported easily and also foreign companies could set up factories
and offices here. Removing barriers or restrictions set by the government is what is known as
liberalisation.
Questions :
1. What is trade barrier? Give one example.
2. What do you mean by the term liberalisation?
3. How does government regulate foreign trade?
35. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow.
New forms of popular literature appeared in print, targeting new audiences. Booksellers employed
peddlars who roamed around villages, carrying little books for sale. There were almanacs or
ritual calendars, along with ballads and folktales. But other forms of reading matters, largely for
entertainment, began to reach ordinary readers as well.
In England, penny chapbooks were carried by petty peddlars known as chapmen, and sold for a
penny, so that even the poor could buy them. In France, were the ‘Biliotheque Bleue’, which were
low-priced small books printed on poor quality paper, and bound in cheap blue covers.
Then there were the romances, printed on four to six pages, and the more substantial ‘histories’
printed on four to six pages and the more substantial ‘histories’ which were stories about the past.
Books were of various sizes, serving many different purposes and interests.
Questions:
1. Evaluate briefly the term ‘Chapbook’.
2. Write a key difference between Biliotheque Bleue and Chapbook.
3. Comment on the new forms of literature that were introduced in Europe to attract new
readers.
“At present, there are about 130 million hectares of degraded land in India. Approximately, 28 per
cent of it belongs to the category of forest degraded area, 56 per cent of it is water eroded area and
the rest is affected by saline and alkaline deposits. Some human activities such as deforestation,
over grazing, mining and quarrying too have contributed significantly in land degradation.”
Questions :
1. What are different ways to solve the problems of land degradation ?
2. What is the value of soil as a resource ?
SECTION-F
A. The place where the Indian National Congress Session was held in September 1920.
B. The place where the Jallianwala Bagh incident took place.
(b) On the same outline map of India, locate any three features of the following with suitable
symbols.
C. Meenambakkam Airport (Chennai)
D. A major port in Andhra Pradesh
E. A Nuclear Power Plant
F. Tehri Dam
www.nodia.i
Sample Paper 26
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A
1. Following picture about the confidentiality tells that:
(a) Government can invade the privacy of people but not vice versa.
(b) People can look into the Government matters if they desire to do so under various IT acts.
(c) It is worldwide practice especially in third world countries to invade the privacy of people by
the Government.
(d) Such practices are now not common due to stringent IT laws.
2. Certain events are given below.

Choose the appropriate chronological order :
1. Coming of Simon Commission to India
2. Demand of Puma Swaraj in Lahore Session of INC
3. Government of India Act 1919
Options
(a) 3 - 2 - 4 - 2 (b) 3 - 3 - 4 - 2
(c) 4 - 2 - 1 - 3 (d) 4 - 3 - 1 - 2
3. How did print culture contribute to the growth of nationalism in India during the late 19th and
early 20th centuries?
(a) It enabled the spread of nationalist literature and ideas, reaching a wide audience across the
country.
(b) It allowed British officials to control the flow of information and limit nationalist activities.
(c) It promoted British cultural values and discouraged Indian traditions and practices.
(d) It was used solely for religious purposes, with little impact on political movements.
4. The Balkans was a region that became a hotbed of nationalist tensions in Europe during the 19th
century. Which of the following factors contributed to the rise of Balkan nationalism?
1. Ottoman decline
2. Influence of Romanticism
3. Rivalries between European powers
4. The creation of a united Balkan state
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1 and 4 (d) 3 and 4
5. Which of the following energy resources is considered a non-conventional source of energy?

(a) Solar energy, which is a non-conventional and renewable energy source.
(b) Natural gas, which is a conventional source of energy.
(c) Coal, which is a traditional, conventional energy source.
(d) Petroleum, which is widely used but is a conventional source of energy.
6. Concerning the iron and steel industry in India, identify the correct statements.
1. Odisha is a major producer of iron ore used in steel manufacturing.
2. The steel industry is considered a basic industry as it provides raw materials for other sectors.
3. India’s steel production is entirely dependent on imports.
4. Modern steel plants in India use advanced technologies for production.
Options:
7. Alluvial soil, which is highly fertile and deposited by rivers, is predominantly found in the
_______ plains of India.
(a) Deccan (b) Coastal
(c) Northern (d) Western
8. How does the principle of decentralization aid in power sharing within the Indian governance
framework?
(a) By concentrating administrative powers at the national level for better control.
(b) By delegating administrative powers to local governments, promoting grassroots participation.
(c) By limiting the powers of state governments and increasing central authority.
(d) By ensuring that only the executive branch manages local governance issues.
9. Federalism in India allows for shared responsibilities between the Union and State governments.
Which of the following subjects are included in the Union List?
1. Defense
2. Agriculture
3. Foreign affairs
4. Police and law and order
Options :
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1 and 4 (d) 2 and 3
10. The outcomes of democracy are often assessed through various indicators that reflect the state
of governance and citizen welfare. Which of the following statements accurately describe the key
indicators used to evaluate the effectiveness of democratic governance?
1. The availability of basic services such as education and healthcare to all citizens.
2. The extent to which citizens can participate in the electoral process.
3. The level of economic growth achieved by authoritarian regimes.
4. Protection of fundamental rights and freedoms for all individuals.
Options:
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1 and 2
11. A successful democracy is often judged not only by its economic growth but also by its ability
to manage and resolve _______ that may arise among various sections of society, thereby
maintaining peace and stability.
(a) Disagreements (b) Consensus
(c) Conflicts (d) Alliances
12. Regarding the challenges faced by democratic governments, consider the following:
Statement I : Corruption and inefficiency can undermine the effectiveness of democracy.
Statement II : Democracy has no role in addressing the social inequalities present in a country.

Column-I (Type of Soil) Column-II (States)
A. Laterite soil 1. Western Madhya Pradesh
B. Alluvial soil 2. Western Rajasthan
C. Black soil 3. Karnataka
D. Arid soil 4. Uttar Pradesh
Option :
(a) A - 4, B - 3, C - 1, D - 2 (b) A - 4, B - 1, C - 3, D - 2
(c) A - 3, B - 4, C - 1, D - 2 (d) A - 3, B - 1, C - 2, D - 1

Statement I: The Indus Basin is the largest river basin in India.
Statement II: Per capita availability of water in India is higher than the global average.
15. What is the money multiplier effect in the banking system?

(a) The process by which banks multiply their physical cash reserves through printing more
money.
(b) The increase in the total money supply caused by banks lending out a portion of their deposits.
(c) The reduction of money supply due to banks holding higher reserves and lending less.
(d) The government’s ability to control the money supply by regulating bank reserves.
16. Globalization has also led to challenges for developing countries like India. Which of the following
are challenges faced by India due to globalization?
1. Job losses in certain industries
2. Increased income inequality
3. Growth of small-scale industries
4. Competition from foreign goods
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 4 (d) 3 and 4
Column P Column Q
trade items.
E. Several MNCs have invested in setting up factories 5. Trade barriers
in India for production.
Option :
(a) A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 5, E - 1 (b) A - 2, B - 1, C - 3, D - 5, E - 4
(c) A - 4, B - 1, C - 2, D - 3, E - 5 (d) A - 2, B - 5, C - 4, D - 3, E - 1
18. How does the secondary sector influence employment opportunities in India?
(a) It creates jobs in agriculture and resource extraction industries.
(b) It generates employment through manufacturing, construction, and industrial activities.
(c) It offers opportunities exclusively in the service and information sectors.
(d) It limits employment by focusing only on high-level research and development.
What is the significance of 40 percent land using drip irrigation?

(a) It helps to conserve water in agriculture.
(b) It is a wasteful method of irrigation.
(c) It is the oldest form of irrigation.
(d) It is mostly used in areas of high rainfall.
State Steel Production (million tons) Cement Production (million tons
State A 8 10
State B 12 15
Why does State B have higher cement production than State A?
(a) State B has better access to raw materials.
(b) State B has more industrial areas.
(c) State A focuses more on steel production.
(d) State A is located far from major markets.

SECTION - B
21. “Cultural revival was integral to Indian nationalism.” Discuss how cultural revival contributed to
the nationalist movement in India.
22. “Bauxite is an important mineral resource in India.” Explain its uses and significance.
23. “Power sharing contributes to political stability in India.” Explain why power sharing is crucial
for stability.
24. “The secondary sector contributes significantly to India’s GDP.” Justify this statement with
suitable arguments.
O
“Urbanization has a profound impact on the tertiary sector in India.” Explain how urbanization
affects the service sector.
SECTION - C
25. “Political parties contribute to political stability.” Explain the statement by giving any three
examples.
26. “Cultural exchanges during the global expansion period influenced societies worldwide.” Explain
O
“Cultural revival played a role in strengthening Indian nationalism.” Explain the statement by
27. “Anita wants to improve the quality control processes in her steel manufacturing plant. She is
unfamiliar with the best practices for quality assurance.” Help her identify effective quality control
measures that can enhance the quality of steel produced.
28. “Federalism strengthens the unity of a nation.” Explain the statement by giving any three examples.

29. In recent years, India’s gold loans have become popular, allowing individuals to access credit by
pledging gold. Consequently, gold loans have become a significant credit option in India. Why have
gold loans become so popular in India? Support your answer by giving any three reasons.
SECTION - D
30. ‘Print culture helped in the preservation and promotion of indigenous cultures.’ Explain the
O
‘The accessibility of print media led to the rise of informed citizenry.’ Justify the statement with
suitable arguments.
31. Sunita notices that farmers in her area depend heavily on monsoons for agriculture. What are the
limitations of monsoon-dependent agriculture, and how can irrigation help overcome them?
O
Ravi’s region specializes in the cultivation of rice, a water-intensive crop. What are the advantages
and disadvantages of growing water-intensive crops, and what alternatives can be suggested?
32. ‘Caste-based political mobilization has both positive and negative consequences.’ Discuss the role
of caste in political mobilization.
O
‘Gender equality is crucial for a fair and just society.’ Explain the significance of promoting gender
equality in India.
33. Miss E is learning about outsourcing and its role in India’s economy. Explain how outsourcing of
services, particularly in the IT and customer service sectors, has contributed to India’s economic
growth and created new employment opportunities.
O
Foreign companies are investing in India’s automobile industry, leading to increased production
and exports. How does this affect employment and technology transfer in the Indian manufacturing
sector?

SECTION - E
The idea of development or progress has always been with us. We have aspirations or desires about
what we would like to do and how we would like to live. Similarly, we have ideas about what a
country should be like. What are the essential things that we require? Can life be better for all? How
should people live together? Can there be more equality? Development involves thinking about these
questions and about the ways in which we can work towards achieving these goals.
countries. Countries with per capita income of US $ 12,056 per annum and above in 2017, are
called rich countries and those with per capita income of US $ 955 or less are called low-income
countries. India comes in the category of low middle income countries because its per capita income
in 2017 was just US $ 1820 per annum.
Groundwater is an example of renewable resources. These resources are replenished by nature as
in the case of crops and plants. However, even these resources may be overused. For example, in
the case of groundwater, if we use more than what is being replenished by rain then we would be
overusing this resource.
Questions :
1. What do you mean by economic development?
2. Why India comes in the category of low middle income countries?
3. Why groundwater is the best example of renewable resources?
Besides seeking more income, one-way or the other, people also seek things like equal treatment,
freedom, security, and respect of others. They resent discrimination. All these are important goals.
In fact, in some cases, these may be more important than more income or more consumption
because material goods are not all that you need to live. Money, or material things that one can
buy with it, is one factor on which our life depends. But the quality of our life also depends on
non-material things mentioned above. If it is not obvious to you, then just think of the role of your
friends in your life. You may desire their friendship. Similarly, there are many things that are not
easily measured but they mean a lot to our lives. These are often ignored. However, it will be wrong
to conclude that what cannot be measured is not important. Consider another example, if you get a
job in a far off place, before accepting it you would try to consider many factors, apart from income,
such as facilities for your family, working atmosphere, or opportunity to learn. In another case, a
job may give you less pay but may offer regular employment that enhances your sense of security.
Another job, however, may offer high pay but no job security and also leave no time for your family.
This will reduce your sense of security and freedom. Similarly, for development, people look at a mix
of goals. It is true that if women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society
increases. However, it is also the case that if there is respect for women there would be more sharing
of housework and a greater acceptance of women working outside. A safe and secure environment
may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business. Hence, the developmental
goals that people have are not only about better income but also about other important things in life.
Questions :
1. What do you mean by income?
2. Why people seek things like equal treatment, freedom, security, and respect of others?
3. Why does job may give you less pay but enhances your sense of security?
4. What are the things people seek for development?
To be revolutionary at this time meant a commitment to oppose monarchical forms that had
been established after the Vienna Congress, and to fight for liberty and freedom. Most of these
revolutionaries also saw the creation of nation-states as a necessary part of this struggle for freedom.
One such individual was the Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Mazzini, born in Genoa in 1807, he
became a member of the secret society of the Carbonari. As a young man of 24, he was sent into
exile in 1831 for attempting a revolution in Liguria. He subsequently founded two more underground
societies, first, Young Italy in Marseilles, and then, Young Europe in Berne, whose members were
like-minded young men from Poland, France, Italy and the German states. Mazzini believed that
God had intended nations to be the natural units of mankind.
So Italy could not continue to be a patchwork of small states and kingdoms. It had to be forged into
a single unified republic within a wider alliance of nations. This unification alone could be the basis
of Italian liberty. Following his model, secret societies were set up in Germany, France, Switzerland
and Poland. Mazzini’s relentless opposition to monarchy and his vision of democratic republics
frightened the conservatives. Metternich described him as ‘the most dangerous enemy of our social
order’. As conservative regimes tried to consolidate their power, liberalism and nationalism came
to be increasingly associated with revolution in many regions of Europe such as the Italian and
German states, the provinces of the Ottoman Empire, Ireland and Poland. These revolutions
were led by the liberal-nationalists belonging to the educated middle-class elite, among whom were
professors, schoolteachers, clerks and members of the commercial middle classes. The first upheaval
took place in France in July 1830. The Bourbon kings who had been restored to power during the
conservative reaction after 1815, were now overthrown by liberal revolutionaries who installed a
constitutional monarchy with Louis Philippe at its head. ‘When France sneezes,’ Metternich once
remarked, ‘the rest of Europe catches cold.’ The July Revolution sparked an uprising in Brussels
which led to Belgium breaking away from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Questions :
1. In which place the Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Mazzini was born? Which secret society was
joined by Giuseppe Mazzini?
2. What was the basis of Italian unification? When did the first upheaval took place?
3. What is the belief of Mazzini on nation?

SECTION-F
symbols.
www.nodia.i
Sample Paper 27
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A
1. What does the cartoon represent?
(a) Concentration of powers which are controlling the democratic regimes of their respective
country.
(b) The main leaders of two countries are going somewhere.
(c) More powers were given to the democracy.
(d) Putin is advising bush to control the horse tightly.

1. The great depression on the Indian economy
2. The death of men of working-age in Europe because of the world war
3. The British government’s decision to abolish the corn laws
4. The decision of MNCs to relocate production to Asian countries
Options :
(a) 1, 4, 2, 3 (b) 1, 1, 3, 4
(c) 2, 3, 1, 4 (d) 2, 1, 4, 3
3. Which ideology, advocating for the unification of people with common language and culture,
played a crucial role in the rise of nationalism in Europe?
(a) Liberalism, which focused on individual freedoms and democratic governance.
(b) Nationalism, which emphasized the importance of a unified national identity.
(c) Conservatism, which aimed to preserve traditional institutions and hierarchies.
(d) Socialism, which sought to address economic inequalities through collective ownership.
4. The Civil Disobedience Movement marked a new phase in India’s struggle for freedom. Which of
the following were key features of the Civil Disobedience Movement?
1. Boycott of foreign goods
2. Refusal to pay taxes
3. Violent attacks on British officials
4. Participation of women in large numbers
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 4 (d) 1, 3, and 4
5. Which of the following types of pollution is most commonly associated with manufacturing
industries in India?
(a) Air pollution, caused by emissions from factories and plants.
(b) Light pollution, which is usually an urban issue, not industry-specific.
(c) Sound pollution, mainly due to traffic, not industries.
(d) Electromagnetic pollution, which is not a common industrial issue.
6. Forest fires can have devastating effects on ecosystems. Evaluate the following statements about
forest fires in India:
1. Forest fires lead to the destruction of vegetation and loss of wildlife habitat.
2. They contribute to soil erosion and degradation of land quality.
3. Controlled forest fires are sometimes used as a management tool to clear underbrush.
4. Forest fires have no significant impact on climate change.
7. The government has established several wildlife sanctuaries and national parks in India to protect
_______ species, such as the Bengal tiger and the Indian rhinoceros.
(a) Endangered (b) Exotic
(c) Herbivorous (d) Migratory
8. What role do the Finance Commission play in India’s federal structure?

(a) They decide the allocation of financial resources between the central and state governments.
(b) They oversee the implementation of economic policies at the state level.
(c) They manage the central government’s budget and expenditures exclusively.
(d) They regulate the financial institutions within each state to ensure uniformity.
9. Efforts to address caste inequalities in India have taken various forms. Which of the following
measures have been taken to reduce caste-based inequalities?
1. Reservation of seats in legislatures for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
2. Reservation in educational institutions and government jobs
3. Abolition of untouchability
4. Ban on inter-caste marriages
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 2 and 3
10. The interrelationship between democracy and development is a subject of considerable discussion.
Which of the following statements best describe the reciprocal effects of democracy on development
and vice versa?
1. Democracies tend to provide more equitable access to resources, promoting social welfare.
2. Economic development strengthens democratic institutions and governance.
3. Authoritarian regimes are more effective in delivering development outcomes than democracies.
4. Democratic governance fosters an environment of innovation and accountability.
Options:
(a) 1 and 4 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2, and 4
11. Democratic governments around the world, including India, aim to reduce internal conflicts and
maintain peace through various forms of power-sharing mechanisms, one of which is the vertical
division of power between different levels of government. This type of power-sharing is often
referred to as _______.
(a) Vertical (b) Horizontal
(c) Federal (d) Decentralized
12. Regarding caste in Indian society, consider the following:

Statement I : Caste-based discrimination is outlawed in India by the Constitution.
Statement II : Caste identities continue to play a significant role in elections and political
mobilization.
Column A Column B
B. Supervise Weavers, collect supplies, and examine the quality of 2. Shroffs and Chettairs
cloth
C. Group of bankers and traders who financed export of agriculture 3. Collateral
D. Caste system was based on exclusion and discrimination against 4. Outcaste
Options
(a) A – 4, B – 1, C – 3, D – 2
(b) A – 3, B – 1, C – 2, D – 4
(c) A – 2, B – 1, C – 3, D – 4
(d) A – 2, B – 3, C – 4, D – 1

Statement I: Subsistence farming is primarily aimed at producing crops for commercial sale.
Statement II: Commercial farming involves large-scale production of crops like cotton, sugarcane,
and tea.
15. What is the impact of global trade agreements on the Indian economy?
(a) They isolate India from international markets, reducing trade opportunities.
(b) They open up new markets for Indian products, enhance trade relations, and boost economic
growth.
(c) They restrict India’s ability to set its own trade policies and regulations.
(d) They lead to the decline of local industries by favoring foreign competitors exclusively.
16. The literacy rate is an important indicator of development. Which of the following best explains
why literacy rate is used to measure development?
1. It indicates the level of education in a country.
2. It reflects the overall health and life expectancy of the population.
3. It directly affects the income-generating capacity of individuals.
4. It influences the economic decisions of a country.
Options :
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4


Column A Column B
Option :
(a) A - 4, B - 1, C - 3, D - 2 (b) A - 4, B - 2, C - 3, D - 1
(c) A - 3, B - 2, C - 4, D - 1 (d) A - 3, B - 1, C -4, D - 2
18. Which of the following best explains the term monetary policy as implemented by the RBI?
(a) Policies related to government spending and taxation to influence the economy.
(b) Actions taken by the RBI to control the money supply and interest rates to achieve economic
objectives.
(c) Regulations imposed by the RBI on foreign exchange transactions and international trade.
(d) Strategies employed by banks to increase their profits through lending and investment.
Why do tropical evergreen forests make up 40 percent of the total forest cover?
(a) They are located in the arid regions of India.
(b) They have dense canopies and receive heavy rainfall.
(c) They are found at higher altitudes.
(d) They support desert wildlife.
State Road Density (km per 100 sq km) Railway Network (km)
State A 80 2500
State B 50 3000
Why does State A have a higher road density but a shorter railway network compared to State B?
(a) State A focuses more on road infrastructure.
(b) State A has fewer urban areas.
(c) State B has a higher population density.
(d) State B relies more on air transport.
SECTION - B
21. “Technological advancements transformed warfare during the 20th century.” Justify the statement
22. “Information Technology (IT) industry has transformed the global economy.” Explain its influence.
23. “The judiciary plays a crucial role in maintaining federal balance.” Justify the statement with
suitable examples.
24. “Banks play a crucial role in the implementation of government policies.” Explain how banks
contribute to policy implementation.
O
“Microfinance promotes financial inclusion in India.” Justify the statement with suitable arguments.
SECTION - C
25. “Religious tolerance is essential for peaceful coexistence.” Explain the statement by giving any
three examples.
26. “Censorship of the press was a method used by governments to control nationalist movements.”
O
“Romanticism influenced the development of national consciousness in Europe.” Explain the
27. “Ajay wants to invest in the postal services sector but is unsure about the functions and significance
of postal services in the national economy.” Assist him in understanding the key functions of
postal services and their impact on the national economy.
28. “Combating caste-based discrimination is crucial for social justice.” Explain the statement by

29. Over the years, India’s participation in international organizations like WTO and BRICS has
increased, shaping its economic policies. Consequently, participation in international organizations
has become vital for India’s economic strategy. Why is participation in international organizations
important for India? Support your answer by giving any three reasons.
SECTION - D
30. ‘Economic factors were as important as political factors in the rise of nationalism.’ Explain the
O
‘Cultural revival was a strategy used by nationalists to strengthen their movements.’ Justify the
31. Ravi notices that water resources in his area are being polluted due to industrial waste. What
steps should the local government take to conserve water resources?
O
Sunita comes across the term “sustainable development” during her studies. Identify five ways her
community can implement sustainable practices in resource management.
32. ‘Coalition governments have become common in Indian politics.’ Analyse the impact of coalition
politics on governance in India.
O
‘Federalism ensures the decentralization of power.’ Explain how decentralization functions in a
federal system.
33. Miss C is learning about economic growth and development but is confused about the differences
between these two terms. Explain how economic growth, which is typically measured by GDP,
differs from development, which includes social factors such as education, healthcare, and equality.
O
Two Indian states have similar income levels, but one state has much better access to education
and healthcare. Which state would you consider more developed, and why? Discuss how non-
income indicators play a role in measuring development.

SECTION - E
The central government in India made a law implementing the Right to Work in about 625 districts of
India. It is called Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 (MGNREGA
2005). Under MGNREGA 2005, all those who are able to, and are in need of work in rural areas
are guaranteed 100 days of employment in a year by the government.
The value of final goods and services produced in each sector during a particular year provides the
total production of the sector for that year. And the sum of production in the three sectors gives
what is called the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country. It is the value of all final goods and
services produced within a country during a particular year.
Another way of classifying economic activities into sectors could be on the basis of who owns assets
and is responsible for the delivery of services. In the public sector, the government owns most of the
assets and provides all the services. In the private sector, ownership of assets and delivery of services
is in the hands of private individuals or companies. Railways or post office is an example of the public
sector whereas companies like Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO) or Reliance Industries
Limited (RIL) are privately owned.
Questions :
1. How many days of employment in a year are guaranteed by the Mahatma Gandhi National
Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005?
2. What does the Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?
3. Which sector of economies managed by the individual or company?
In his famous book Hind Swaraj (1909) Mahatma Gandhi declared that British rule was established
in India with the cooperation of Indians, and had survived only because of this cooperation. If
Indians refused to cooperate, British rule in India would collapse within a year, and swaraj would
come. How could non-cooperation become a movement? Gandhiji proposed that the movement should
unfold in stages. It should begin with the surrender of titles that the government awarded, and a
boycott of civil services, army, police, courts and legislative councils, schools, and foreign goods.
Then, in case the government used repression, a full civil disobedience campaign would be launched.
Through the summer of 1920 Mahatma Gandhi and Shaukat Ali toured extensively, mobilising
popular support for the movement. Many within the Congress were, however, concerned about the
proposals. They were reluctant to boycott the council elections scheduled for November 1920, and
they feared that the movement might lead to popular violence. In the months between September
and December there was an intense tussle within the Congress. For a while there seemed no meeting
point between the supporters and the opponents of the movement. Finally, at the Congress session at
Nagpur in December 1920, a compromise was worked out and the Non-Cooperation programme was
adopted. The Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement began in January 1921. Various social groups
participated in this movement, each with its own specific aspiration. All of them responded to the
call of Swaraj, but the term meant different things to different people. The movement started with
middle-class participation in the cities. Thousands of students left government-controlled schools
and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned, and lawyers gave up their legal practices. The
council elections were boycotted in most provinces except Madras, where the Justice Party, the party
of the non-Brahmans, felt that entering the council was one way of gaining some power-something
that usually only Brahmans had access to. The effects of non-cooperation on the economic front
were more dramatic. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed and foreign cloth burnt in
huge bonfires. The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921 and 1922, its value dropping from
Rs 102 crore to Rs 57 crore. In many places merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods
or finance foreign trade. As the boycott movement spread, and people began discarding imported
clothes and wearing only Indian ones, production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up.
Questions :
1. What was the declaration of Mahatama Gandhi in his famous book Hind Swaraj (1909 AD)?
2. How was the Non-Cooperation Movement started?
Large-scale development projects have also contributed significantly to the loss of forests. Since
1951, over 5,000 sq. km of forest was cleared for river valley projects. Clearing of forests is still
continuing with projects like the Narmada Sagar Project in Madhya Pradesh, which would inundate
40,000 hectares of forest. Mining is another important factor behind deforestation. The Buxa Tiger
Reserve in West Bengal is seriously threatened by the ongoing dolomite mining. It has disturbed
the natural habitat of many species and blocked the migration route of several others, including the
great Indian elephant.
The Himalayan Yew (Taxus wallachiana) is a medicinal plant found in various parts of Himachal
Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh. A chemical compound called ‘taxol’ is extracted from the bark,
needles, twigs and roots of this tree, and it has been successfully used to treat some cancers – the
drug is now the biggest selling anti-cancer drug in the world. The species is under great threat due
to over-exploitation. In the last one decade, thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts
of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh.
“Project Tiger”, one of the well-publicised wildlife campaigns in the world, was launched in 1973.
Tiger conservation has been viewed not only as an effort to save an endangered species, but with
equal importance as a means of preserving biotypes of sizeable magnitude. Corbett National Park in
Uttarakhand, Sunderbans National Park in West Bengal, Bandhavgarh National Park in Madhya
Pradesh, Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary in Rajasthan, Manas Tiger Reserve in Assam and Periyar
Tiger Reserve in Kerala are some of the tiger reserves of India.
Questions
1. Why is the Buxa Tiger Reserve in West Bengal seriously threatened?
2. From which plant that biggest selling anti-cancer drug in the world is made up of ?
3. Why was tiger conservation launched?

SECTION-F
(A) Indian National Congress Session was held at this place in 1927.
(B) The place where the movement of Indigo Planters started.
symbols.
(i) Software technology parks in UP.
(ii) A nuclear power plant in Tamil Nadu
(iii)Ramagundam thermal power station.
(iv) Coal mine in the state of Jharkhand
www.nodia.i
Sample Paper 28
Class - 10th Exam - 2024 - 25
Social Science
SECTION - A
1. The below carton clearly state that :
(a) Perils of running a coalition Govt.

(b) A coalition govt have more work to do.
(c) The best way to run a democratic country like India is Coalition govt.
(d) Coalition govt increases the overall efficiency of the Govt and hence shall be welcomed.
2. Arrange the following in correct sequence :

1. Formation of G-77
2. Bretton Woods Conference.
3. Discovery of America
4. Great Depression
Options
(a) 1, 4, 2, 3 (b) 3, 4, 2, 1
(c) 2, 3, 1, 4 (d) 2, 1, 4, 3
3. The Salt March, led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930, was a protest against which British law or
policy?
(a) The monopoly on salt production and the unfair taxation on salt.
(b) The British control of Indian textiles and the imposition of tariffs on local goods.
(c) The partition of Bengal and the division of the country along religious lines.
(d) The restrictions on Indian political representation in the British Parliament.
4. The global economy underwent significant changes after the end of World War II. Which of the
following were key features of the post-World War II global economy?
1. The dominance of the United States in global trade
2. Decolonization and independence movements in Asia and Africa
3. The rise of socialist economies
4. Creation of economic organizations like the IMF and World Bank
Options :
(a) 1 and 4 (b) 1, 2, and 4
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3
5. Which of the following is a highly efficient method of water conservation in agriculture, especially
suited for water-scarce regions?
(a) Intensive irrigation, which uses large amounts of water for crop production.
(b) Drip irrigation, where water is delivered directly to the roots of plants to reduce wastage.
(c) Slash and burn agriculture, which involves clearing land by burning vegetation.
(d) Mono-cropping, where a single type of crop is grown over a large area.
6. Economic growth is a significant aspect of development, but it must be balanced with social and
environmental considerations. Analyze the following points related to economic development in
India:
1. Economic development focuses solely on increasing the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
2. It includes improving infrastructure, education, and healthcare systems.
3. Sustainable economic development ensures that growth does not harm the environment.
4. Economic development neglects the welfare of marginalized communities.
7. Rainwater harvesting is an important method of _______ water resources, especially in regions

that experience seasonal rainfall.
(a) Conserving (b) Utilizing
(c) Overusing (d) Irrigating
8. What role do Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play in addressing issues of gender,

religion, and caste in India?
(a) They promote discriminatory practices to maintain social hierarchies.
(b) They work towards social reform, advocacy, and providing support to marginalized communities.
(c) They focus solely on economic development without addressing social issues.
(d) They operate under government directives to implement caste-based policies.
9. Free and fair elections are central to the functioning of political parties in a democracy. Which of
the following measures can ensure fair elections?
1. Strict enforcement of election laws
2. Reducing the influence of money and muscle power
3. Limiting voter turnout
4. Transparent party funding and auditing
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 3
10. Federalism often necessitates a careful balance of power to ensure that different levels of government
function effectively. Which of the following statements correctly illustrate the importance of
federalism in ensuring a harmonious coexistence between state and national interests?
1. It allows for regional autonomy while maintaining national integrity.
2. It promotes a uniform approach to governance across the country.
3. It prevents the central government from imposing its will on the states.
4. It creates conflict between various levels of government, leading to inefficiency.
Options:
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 1, 2, and 3 (d) 1 and 4
11. The Indian federal system operates with a distinct division of powers between the central and
state governments, allowing each to manage their own domains. Which of the following correctly
describes this division of power in the Indian federal structure?
(a) Equal power for all states
(b) Centralization of power
(c) Division of powers between the central and state governments
(d) Complete independence of the states
12. Regarding the concept of decentralization in Indian federalism, consider the following:
Statement I : Decentralization allows local governments to have autonomy in decision-making.
Statement II : The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments provided for the establishment of
local governments in rural and urban areas, respectively.

List I List II
A. Cotton Textile 1. Nitric acid
B. Chemical Industries 2. Potash
C. Cement Industry 3. Yarn
D. Fertiliser Industry 4. Gypsum
Option :
(a) C - 1, A - 2, D - 3, B - 4
(b) C - 1, A - 2, D - 4, B - 3
(c) C - 3, A - 2, D - 4, B - 1
(d) C - 3, A - 1, D - 2, B - 4

Statement I: Petroleum is a renewable source of energy.
Statement II: India imports most of its crude oil requirements.
15. Which of the following strategies is essential for achieving sustainable economic development in
India?
(a) Exploiting natural resources without regard to environmental impact.
(b) Balancing economic growth with environmental conservation and social equity.
(c) Prioritizing industrial expansion over renewable energy sources.
(d) Ignoring technological advancements and focusing solely on traditional industries.
16. The informal sector plays a significant role in the Indian economy. Which of the following statements
about the informal sector are correct?
1. The informal sector is not regulated by the government.
2. Workers in the informal sector do not receive regular wages.
3. The informal sector contributes significantly to India’s GDP.
4. The informal sector provides benefits like health insurance to workers.
Options :
(a) 1, 2, and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2, and 4

C. Chambal 3. Salal
D. Chenab 4. Rana Pratap Sagar
Options:
(a) A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1
(b) A - 3, B - 4, C - 1, D - 2
(c) A - 2, B - 1, C - 4, D - 3
(d) A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4
18. What role do multinational corporations (MNCs) play in India’s economy under globalization?
(a) They reduce competition by monopolizing all sectors of the Indian economy.
(b) They bring investment, technology, and managerial expertise, contributing to economic
development.
(c) They primarily exploit Indian resources without providing any economic benefits.
(d) They limit the growth of local businesses by forcing them out of the market.
Why does timber contribute to 50 percent of forest products?

(a) It is used mainly for household purposes.
(b) It is exported and used in industries.
(c) It is primarily used as firewood.
(d) It is the least valuable forest product.

Sector Contribution to GDP (%) Employment Rate (%)
Primary Sector 25 55%
Secondary Sector 30 25%
Tertiary Sector 45 20%
Why does the tertiary sector contribute the most to GDP but employ fewer people than the
primary sector?
(a) It requires more skilled labor.
(b) It lacks growth opportunities.
(c) It depends on foreign investment.
(d) It focuses on agriculture.
SECTION - B
21. “The rise of mass media transformed societies in the modern world.” Justify the statement with
suitable arguments.
22. “Nuclear energy has both advantages and disadvantages.” Discuss.
23. “Empowering women through education transforms society.” Justify this statement with suitable
examples.
24. “The automotive industry in India has grown due to globalization.” Explain how globalization has
impacted the automotive sector in India.
O
“Globalization has contributed to the growth of the service sector in India.” Justify the statement

SECTION - C
25. “Power sharing prevents the concentration of power in one person or group.” Explain the statement
by giving any three examples.
26. “The role of intellectuals was pivotal in shaping nationalist ideologies in Europe.” Explain the
O
“Technological advancements in navigation and transportation connected different parts of the
world.” Explain the statement by giving suitable examples.
27. “Meena wants to develop a sustainable business model for her organic farming venture. She needs
to understand the role of various resources in sustainable development.” Guide her in identifying
the resources that contribute to sustainable agricultural practices.
28. “Federalism enhances citizen participation in governance.” Explain the statement by giving any
three examples.
29. Over the decades, India’s human development indicators, such as the Human Development Index
(HDI), have improved significantly. As a result, human development has become a focal point in
India’s development strategy. Why is human development important for India’s overall progress?
SECTION - D
30. ‘The role of the press and print media was significant in spreading nationalist ideas in India.’
O
‘The idea of Swaraj was central to the Indian nationalist movement.’ Justify the statement with
suitable arguments.
31. ChapRohit’s village faces severe soil erosion due to deforestation. What can be the reasons behind
this issue, and suggest five ways to manage the land resources to prevent further degradation.
O
Seema observes that different states in India have varied land use patterns. Identify five factors
that influence the land use pattern in a particular region.

32. ‘Public opinion plays an important role in shaping democratic outcomes.’ Explain how public
opinion influences democratic governance.
O
‘The success of a democracy depends on active citizen participation.’ Justify the importance of
civic engagement in the success of democratic systems.
33. Mr. F is concerned about the issue of disguised unemployment in the agricultural sector. Explain
how disguised unemployment affects the productivity of the primary sector, and how shifting
surplus labor to other sectors like industry and services can improve economic efficiency.
O
A village is seeing increased demand for services like healthcare, education, and transportation.
Why is the tertiary sector becoming more important in India’s economic growth, especially in
developing regions?
SECTION - E
Reserved and protected forests are also referred to as permanent forest estates maintained for the
purpose of producing timber and other forest produce, and for protective reasons. Madhya Pradesh
has the largest area under permanent forests, constituting 75 percent of its total forest area. Jammu
and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, and Maharashtra
have large percentages of reserved forests of its total forest area whereas Bihar, Haryana, Punjab,
Himachal Pradesh, Odisha and Rajasthan have a bulk of it under protected forests.
Some estimates suggest that at least 10 percent of India’s recorded wild flora and 20 percent of its
mammals are on the threatened list. Many of these would now be categorised as ‘critical’, that is
on the verge of extinction like the cheetah, pink-headed duck, mountain quail, forest spotted owlet,
and plants like madhuca insignis (a wild variety of mahua) and hubbardia heptaneuron, (a species
of grass). In fact, no one can say how many species may have already been lost.
The world’s fastest land mammal, the cheetah (Acinonyx jubantus), is a unique and specialised
member of the cat family and can move at the speed of 112 km./hr. The cheetah is often mistaken
for a leopard. Its distinguishing marks are the long teardrop shaped lines on each side of the nose
from the corner of its eyes to its mouth. Prior to the 20th century, cheetahs were widely distributed
throughout Africa and Asia. Today, the Asian cheetah is nearly extinct due to a decline of available
habitat and prey. The species was declared extinct in India long back in 1952.
Questions:
1. Which Indian state cover 75% total forest area in India?
2. How many percent of mammals are on the threatened list in India?
3. How can we distinguish Cheetah from leopard?

The Portuguese and Spanish conquest and colonisation of America was decisively under way by the
mid-sixteenth century. European conquest was not just a result of superior firepower. In fact, the most
powerful weapon of the Spanish conquerors was not a conventional military weapon at all. It was the
germs such as those of smallpox that they carried on their person. Because of their long isolation,
America’s original inhabitants had no immunity against these diseases that came from Europe. Smallpox
in particular proved a deadly killer. Once introduced, it spread deep into the continent, ahead even of
any Europeans reaching there. It killed and decimated whole communities, paving the way for conquest.
Questions :
1. Which two nations were the earliest colonisers in America?
2. What were some of the reasons due to which the colonisers easily established their control over
several parts of America?
3. How smallpox turned into death of native people of America?
36. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
Given the abundance and renewability of water, it is difficult to imagine that we may suffer from
water scarcity. The moment we speak of water shortages; we immediately associate it with regions
having low rainfall or those that are drought prone. We instantaneously visualise the deserts of
Rajasthan and women balancing many ‘matkas’ (earthen pots) used for collecting and storing water
and travelling long distances to get water. True, the availability of water resources varies over space
and time, mainly due to the variations in seasonal and annual precipitation, but water scarcity
in most cases is caused by over- exploitation, excessive use and unequal access to water among
different social groups.
Questions :
1. How do women collect water in Rajasthan?
2. Why is water scarcity in most areas caused?
3. Do you think rainwater harvesting can help ?Give reasons to justify your answer.
SECTION-F
A. The place where Congress Session was held in September 1920.
B. A place associated with Peasant Satyagraha.
symbols.
C. Singrauli Thermal Power Plant
D. A Major Seaport in Kerala
E. An International Airport in Punjab
F. A Software Technology Park in Uttar Pradesh.
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Marking Scheme link is given at every page.

CBSE EXAM 2025 30 Sets

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(a) Equality among people

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7. Match Column - A with Column - B and choose the correct option:

12. Consider the following statements:

17. Consider the following statements:

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18. Match the following and choose the correct option.

A. Victor Emmanuel II 1. Chief Minister of Italy

B. Guiseppe Mazzini 2. Young Italy Movement

C. Guiseppe Garibaldi 3. Conquered the Kingdom of Sicillies

D. Count Cavour 4. Proclaimed as king of Unified Italy

(a) A - 1, B - 4, C - 3, D - 2 (b) A -2, B - 1, C - 4, D - 3

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1. Which one of the following option best signifies this picture?

(a) Indian workers march in south Africa 1913.

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2. Arrange the following happenings in the correct order-

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7. Match the following:

A. Barley 1. Hot and dry climate with poor soil

B. Rice 2. Cool climate with poorer soil

C. Millets 3. Warm and moist climate with high

D. Tea 4. Hot and moist climate with rich soil

8. Which of the following statements best defines federalism as practiced in India?

12. Consider the following statements:

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17. Consider the following statements:

A Giuseppe Mazzini 1. Ruler of an Italian princely house

B King Victor Emmanuel II 2. Revolutionary who tried to unify Italy

D Giuseppe Garibaldi 4. Through a tactful diplomatic alliance with France he

Why does alluvial soil cover 35% of the total area?

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1. Which one of the following option best signifies this picture?

(a) Criminals. (b) Lost citizens of Central Africa.

2. Arrange the following options in the correct sequence-

7. Match the following and choose correct option.

8. Which of the following best describes the term Gender Equality?

12. Consider the following statements:

17. Consider the following statements:

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What is the significance of 22 percent land under forests?

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1. Identify the picture-

(a) Tripitaka Korena (b) Diamond sutra

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7. Choose the correct option from columns A and B.

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12. Consider the following statements:

17. Consider the following statements:

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