2024 2R

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Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1)

Friday 14 June 2024
Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 15 minutes) Paper
reference 4PH1/2PR
Physics  
UNIT: 4PH1
PAPER: 2PR
You must have: Total Marks

Ruler, calculator, Equation Booklet (enclosed)
Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
•• Answer all questions.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 70.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Write your answers neatly and in good English.
• Try to answer every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Check
Turn over
P73430A
©2024 Pearson Education Ltd.
F:1/1/1/1/1/1/
*P73430A0124*
FORMULAE
You may find the following formulae useful.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

energy transferred = current × voltage × time E = I×V×t
1 1
frequency = f=
time period T
work done W
power = P=
time taken t
energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t
2π × orbital radius 2×π×r
orbital speed = v=
time period T
(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)

v2 = u2 + (2 × a × s)

pressure × volume = constant p1 × V1 = p2 × V2
pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2
change in momentum ( mv − mu )
force = F=
time taken t
change of wavelength velocity of a galaxy λ − λ0 Δ λ v

= = =
wavelength speed of light λ0 λ0 c
change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature

ΔQ = m × c × ΔT
Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

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DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Answer ALL questions.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an

answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
1 This question is about stars.
The diagram shows an incomplete Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram.
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Sun
D
B

.............................................................................................
(a) Label the axes on the diagram.

(2)
(b) There are three shaded areas on the diagram.
State the name of the shaded area that contains the Sun.
(1)
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(c) Which star is a white dwarf?
(1)
(d) At a standard distance from the Earth, which star is brighter than the Sun and has
a greater surface temperature than the Sun?
(1)
D
(Total for Question 1 = 5 marks)

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2 This question is about nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
(a) The table gives some statements about nuclear fission, or nuclear fusion, or both

nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
Place ticks () in the table to show which statements are about nuclear fission
and which statements are about nuclear fusion.
(3)
Statement Nuclear fission Nuclear fusion
requires high pressure and

high temperature
energy is released
radioactive daughter nuclei

are produced
(b) Nuclear fission reactors use control rods and a moderator.

Describe the function of the control rods and the function of the moderator in a
nuclear fission reactor.
(2)
control rods
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moderator
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3 A sample of liquid gallium is allowed to cool in a laboratory.
The liquid gallium freezes to become a solid.

(a) Complete the diagram by drawing the arrangement of particles in a liquid and
the arrangement of particles in a solid.
The first particle in each box has been drawn for you.
(4)

Liquid Solid

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(b) The initial temperature of the sample of liquid gallium is 80 °C.
The freezing temperature of gallium is 30 °C.
The final temperature of the solid gallium is 20 °C.

Complete the graph to show how the temperature of the gallium changes during
the time that it cools to 20 °C.
Add appropriate values to the temperature axis.
(3)
Temperature
in °C
Time

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 *P73430A0924* Turn over
4 The photograph shows transmission cables used for long-distance transmission
of electricity.

(Source: © Paul Maguire / Shutterstock)

(a) The diagram shows a power station and a school.

Add to the diagram by drawing the structures needed to efficiently transfer
energy from the power station to the school using electricity.
(3)
Power station School
(b) Explain how the amount of current in the transmission cables increases the
efficiency of the transmission of electricity.
(3)

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*P73430A01124*
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5 The diagram shows the collision between two balls, A and B.
The masses and velocities of both balls are shown before and after the collision.

Ball B is stationary before the collision.
v
4.9 m/s 3.5 m/s
A B A B
0.018 kg 0.018 kg
0.265 kg 0.265 kg
Before collision After collision
(a) When the balls collide, ball B applies a force on ball A, which causes the velocity

of ball A to change.
Ball A also applies a force on ball B during the collision.
Describe how the force applied on ball A compares with the force applied on
ball B during the collision.
(2)
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(b) Calculate the momentum of ball A before the collision.

(2)

momentum of ball A before collision = ............................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kg m / s
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*P73430A01224* 
(c) Show that the velocity, v, of ball B after the collision is about 0.6 m / s.
(4)
(d) A collision is considered elastic if the total kinetic energy before the collision is
equal to the total kinetic energy after the collision.
Using data from the diagram, deduce whether this collision is elastic.
(4)
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6 This question is about generating electricity from renewable energy resources.
(a) Photograph 1 shows a solar farm in the United Kingdom and photograph 2 shows
a geothermal power station in Iceland.
Photograph 1 Photograph 2
(Source: © Marcin Jucha / Shutterstock) (Source: © Javarman / Shutterstock)
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of generating electricity using solar

power and geothermal resources.
(4)
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 *P73430A01524* Turn over
(b) A student investigates how the amount of light affects the output voltage of a
solar cell.

Photograph 3 shows how the student sets up their equipment.
lamp
solar cell
ruler

voltmeter

Photograph 3
(i) The student varies the distance between the solar cell and the lamp and
measures the output voltage of the solar cell at each distance.
The student’s results are shown below.
5 cm, 0.45 V 14 cm, 0.06 V
8 cm, 0.18 V 17 cm, 0.04 V

11 cm, 0.10 V 20 cm, 0.03 V
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*P73430A01624* 
Draw a table showing the student’s results.
(3)
(ii) Give a control variable for the student’s investigation.

(1)
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(iii) The student states that the solar cell could be used as a power source for
the lamp.
They suggest that this would work if
• the solar cell is connected directly to the lamp
• the light from the lamp is used to produce the output power from the
solar cell
Explain, with reference to the principle of conservation of energy, why the
student’s suggestion would not work.
(2)
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7 The diagram shows two students doing an experiment to measure the speed of
sound in air.

wall
students
100 m
This is their method.

• both students stand 100 m away from a large flat wall
• student A makes a sound by hitting two blocks of wood together

• the sound waves travel to the wall and reflect back to the students as an echo
• student A hits the blocks together again when the echo is heard
• student A continues to hit the blocks together every time an echo is heard
• student B starts a timer when the blocks are hit together and stops the timer
when the blocks have been hit together 20 more times
(a) Give a reason why the students do not stand nearer to the wall.
(1)
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(b) The students repeat their method five times.

The table shows the students’ results.
Time between starting and stopping timer in seconds
test 1 test 2 test 3 test 4 test 5 mean
11.80 11.18 11.76 11.75 11.72
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*P73430A01824* 
(i) The students decide that one of their tests shows an anomalous result.
Circle the anomalous result in the table.
(1)
(ii) Suggest a reason for the anomalous result.
(1)
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(iii) Calculate the mean time between starting and stopping the timer.
Give your answer to a suitable number of decimal places.
(3)
mean time = ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s

(iv) The speed of sound in air can be calculated using the formula
distance travelled
speed =
time taken
Use the students’ results to calculate a value for the speed of sound in air.
(3)
speed of sound = ...................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m / s

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8 The diagram shows a machine that can be used to measure the speed of
fast-moving protons.

proton
detector
negative
plate
force
proton
path of

proton
magnetic
field
(a) At the start, the proton is attracted towards a negatively charged plate.
(i) Give a reason why the proton is attracted to the negatively charged plate.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20
*P73430A02024* 
(ii) The proton accelerates at 1.90 × 1011 m / s2 from rest to a speed of
1.38 × 105 m / s.
Show that the time taken for this acceleration is about 7 × 10–7 s.
(3)
(b) The proton passes through a hole in the negatively charged plate and enters an
area where there is a magnetic field.
The magnetic field exerts a force on the proton, as shown in the diagram.
This force causes the proton to follow a circular path without changing speed.
(i) Give the direction of the magnetic field.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Suggest how increasing the strength of the magnetic field will affect the
proton when it is moving in the magnetic field.
(2)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
 *P73430A02124* Turn over
9 An oscilloscope can be used to determine the frequency of a sound wave.
(a) Give the name of the piece of apparatus that must be connected to the

oscilloscope to detect the sound wave.
(1)
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(b) The diagram shows the screen of the oscilloscope and the oscilloscope settings.
oscilloscope settings:
y direction: 1 square = 2 V
x direction: 1 square = 0.001 s

A sound wave of frequency 250 Hz is detected.
The sound wave produces a trace on the oscilloscope of amplitude 4 V.
Complete the diagram by drawing the trace of this sound wave on the
oscilloscope screen.
(5)

22
*P73430A02224* 
(c) The graph shows how the wavelength of sound waves in air varies with
their frequency.
4.0
3.0
Wavelength
2.0
in m
1.0
0
0 200 400 600 800

Frequency in Hz
If wavelength and frequency are inversely proportional, then
wavelength × frequency = constant
Using the graph, evaluate whether the wavelength of sound waves in air is
inversely proportional to their frequency.
(3)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 70 MARKS
23
 *P73430A02324*

*P73430A02424*
BLANK PAGE
24
Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1)
Friday 14 June 2024
Paper
reference 4PH1/2PR
Physics
 
UNIT: 4PH1
PAPER: 2PR
Equation Booklet
Do not return this Booklet with the question paper.
Turn over
*P73430A*
P73430A
©2024 Pearson Education Ltd.
F:1/1/1/1/1/1/
These equations may be required for both International GCSE Physics (4PH1) and
International GCSE Combined Science (4SD0) papers.
1. Forces and Motion
distance moved
average speed =
time taken
acceleration = change in velocity a

v u
time taken t
(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)
v2 u 2 2 a s
force = mass × acceleration F=m×a
weight = mass × gravitational field strength W=m×g
2. Electricity
power = current × voltage P=I×V
energy transferred = current × voltage × time E=I×V×t
voltage = current × resistance V=I×R
charge = current × time Q=I×t
energy transferred = charge × voltage E=Q×V
3. Waves
wave speed = frequency × wavelength v=f×λ
1 1
frequency = f =
time period T
sin angle of incidence sin i

refractive index = n=
sin angle of refraction sin r
1 1
sin critical angle sin c =
refractive index n
2 P73430A

4. Energy resources and energy transfers
useful energy output

efficiency = ×100%
total energy output
work done = force × distance moved W=F×d
gravitational potential energy = mass × gravitational field strength × height

GPE = m × g × h
1 1
kinetic energy = × mass × speed2 KE m v 2
2 2
work done W
power = P=
time taken t
5. Solids, liquids and gases
mass m
density =
volume V
force F
pressure = p=
area A
pressure difference = height × density × gravitational field strength
p=h×ρ×g
pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2
pressure × volume = constant p 1 × V1 = p 2 × V2
8. Astrophysics
2 orbital radius 2 r

orbital speed = v
time period T
The equations on the following page will only be required for International GCSE Physics.
P73430A 3
 Turn over
These additional equations may be required in International GCSE Physics papers 2P
and 2PR.
1. Forces and Motion
momentum = mass × velocity p=m×v
force =
change in momentum
F
mv mu
time taken t
moment = force × perpendicular distance from the pivot
5. Solids, liquids and gases
change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature

ΔQ = m × c × ΔT
6. Magnetism and electromagnetism
relationship between input and output voltages for a transformer

input (primary) voltage primary turns
=
output (secondary) voltage secondary turns
input power = output power V p I p = Vs Is

for 100% efficiency
8. Astrophysics
change in wavelength velocity of a galaxy 0 v

=
reference wavelength speed of light 0 0 c
END OF EQUATION LIST
4 P73430A


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Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1)

You must have: Total Marks

You may find the following formulae useful.

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(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)

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change of wavelength velocity of a galaxy λ − λ0 Δ λ v

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

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(a) Label the axes on the diagram.

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(Total for Question 1 = 5 marks)

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Statement Nuclear fission Nuclear fusion

requires high pressure and

radioactive daughter nuclei

(b) Nuclear fission reactors use control rods and a moderator.

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(Total for Question 2 = 5 marks)

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The final temperature of the solid gallium is 20 °C.

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(Total for Question 3 = 7 marks)

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Power station School

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(Total for Question 4 = 6 marks)

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Before collision After collision

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(b) Calculate the momentum of ball A before the collision.

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momentum of ball A before collision = ............................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kg m / s

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(Total for Question 5 = 12 marks)

a geothermal power station in Iceland.

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(Source: © Marcin Jucha / Shutterstock) (Source: © Javarman / Shutterstock)

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of generating electricity using solar

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5 cm, 0.45 V 14 cm, 0.06 V

acceleration = change in velocity a

sin angle of incidence sin i

2 orbital radius 2 r

change in wavelength velocity of a galaxy 0 v